This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.

This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).

For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.

Alphabetical list

A

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Bruno Abakanowicz (1852–1900)  Russian Empire  France (Poland/Lithuania origin)	Integraph, spirograph, parabolagraph[1]
	Valerian Abakovsky (1895–1921)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Latvia	aerowagon[2]
	Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	camming devices, Abalakov thread (V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor[3][4]
	Evgeny Abramyan (1930–2014)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  Georgia	halyard for the first extra-vehicular activity
	Vsevolod Abramovich (1890–1913)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Abramovich Flyer
	Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Armenia/Azerbaijan/Germany)	tricolor principle of the color television[5]
	Franz Aepinus (1724–1802)  Holy Roman Empire  Russian Empire	achromatic microscope
	Georgy Adelson-Velsky (1922–2014)  Soviet Union  Russia  Israel	AVL tree datastructure, Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion)
	Anatoly Alexandrov (1903–1994)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker)[6][7]
	Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982)  Russian Empire  France	pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)[8]
	Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	ekranoplan, Soviet high-speed hydrofoils[9][10]
	Zhores Alferov (1930–2019)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	heterotransistor (with Herbert Kroemer), continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Dmitri Garbuzov)[11][12]
	Genrich Altshuller (1926–1998)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")[13]
	Vasily Andreyev (1861–1918)  Russian Empire	standard balalaika[14][15]
	Oleg Antonov (1906–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	An-series aircraft, including Antonov A-40 winged tank and Antonov An-124 (the largest serial cargo aircraft, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft Antonov An-225)[16]
	Lev Artsimovich (1909–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first tokamak[17]

B

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Georgy Babakin (1914–1971)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9)[18]
	Boris Babayan (born 1933)  Soviet Union  Russia	Elbrus computer
	Vladimir Baranov-Rossine (1888–1944)  Russian Empire  France (Ukraine) (self-portrait)	Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflage[19]
	Vladimir Barmin (1909–1993)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first rocket launch complex (Baikonur spaceport)[20]
	Nikolay Basov (1922–2001)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	co-inventor of laser and maser[21]
	Ernest Beaux (1881–1961)  Russian Empire  France	Chanel No. 5[22]
	Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Bekhterev’s Mixture (a medicine with a sedative effect)[23]
	Nikolay Benardos (1842–1905)  Russian Empire	arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method)[24]
	Alexander Bereznyak (1912–1974)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on photo)	first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev)[25]
	Georgy Beriev (1903–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Georgian origin)	Be-series amphibious aircraft[citation needed]
	Fyodor Blinov (1827–1902)  Russian Empire	first tracked vehicle (a wagon on continuous tracks), steam-powered caterpillar tractor[26][27]
	Sam Born (1891–1959)  Russian Empire  United States	lollipop-making machine[28]
	Georgy Bothezat (1882–1940)  Russian Empire  United States	quadrotor helicopter (The Flying Octopus)[29]
	Sergey Brin (born 1973)  Soviet Union  United States	with Larry Page, invented Google web search engine[30]
	Mikhail Britnev (1822–1889)  Russian Empire	first metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot)[31]
	Nikolay Brusentsov (1925–2014)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	ternary computer (Setun)[32]
	Gersh Budker (1918–1977)  Soviet Union	electron cooling, co-inventor of collider[33][34]
	Aleksandr Butlerov (1828–1886)  Russian Empire	hexamine, formaldehyde, formose reaction (the synthesis of sugar)[35]

C

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system)[36]
	Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Cherenkov detector[37]
	Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	pressure suit[38]
	Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)[39]
	Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia	Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperative[40]

D

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vasily Degtyaryov (1880–1949)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat (the first self-loading rifle)[41]
	Akinfiy Demidov (1678–1745) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	co-developer of rebar, cast iron cupola, lightning rod (all found in the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk)[42]
	Yuri Denisyuk (1927–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	3D holography[43]
	Aleksandr Dianin (1851–1918)  Russian Empire	Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound[44]
	Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862–1919)  Russian Empire (Poland, Germany)	three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer)[45]
	Nikolay Dollezhal (1899–2000)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	AM-1 reactor for the first nuclear power plant and other RBMK-type reactors, pressurized water reactor (VVER)[46]
	Alexey Dushkin (1904–1977)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	deep column station[47]

E

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Ivan Elmanov  Russian Empire	first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages)[48]

F

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920)  Russian Empire	Fabergé Eggs[49]
	Nicolas Florine (1891–1972)  Russian Empire  Belgium (born in Georgia)	first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely[50]
	Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuania	invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia[51]
	Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	radial keratotomy[52]
	Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)[53]

G

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Yakov Modestovich Gakkel (1874–1945)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first Russian-made aircraft and diesel locomotives[54]
	Boris Borisovich Galitzine (1862–1916)  Russian Empire	electromagnetic seismograph[55]
	Dmitri Garbuzov (1940–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  United States	continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasers[56]
	Georgy Gause (1910–1986)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics[57]
	E. K. Gauzen  Russian Empire	three bolt equipment (early diving costume)[58][59]
	Andrey Geim (born 1958)  Soviet Union  United Kingdom	graphene[60]
	Nestor Genko (1839–1904)  Russian Empire	Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system)[61]
	Valentyn Glushko (1908–1989)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170)[62]
	Leonid Gobyato (1875–1915)  Russian Empire	first modern man-portable mortar[63]
	Igor Gorynin (1926–2015)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels[64][65]
	Boris Grabovsky (1901–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube[66][67]
	Mikhail Gurevich (1893–1976)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on photo)	MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan)[68]

H

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930)  Russian Empire   Switzerland	developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague[69][70]

I

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis[71][72]
	Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history)[73]
	Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (second left on photo)	first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak)[25]
	Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow	Russian vodka[74]
	Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Pioneer of Magnetic resonance imaging[75][76][77]

J

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Boris Jacobi (1801–1874)  Prussia  Russian Empire	electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat[78]

K

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined)[79]
	Nikolay Kamov (1902–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	armored military autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters[80]
	Pyotr Kapitsa (1894–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (left on portrait by Boris Kustodiev, with Nikolay Semyonov right)	first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions[81]
	Georgii Karpechenko (1899–1941)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)[82][83]
	Eugene Kaspersky (born 1965)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products[84]
	Adolphe Kégresse (1879–1943)  France  Russian Empire	Kégresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual-clutch transmission[85]
	Alexander Kemurdzhian (1921–2003)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first space exploration rover (Lunokhod)
	Yulii Khariton (1904–1996)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomba
	Anatoly Kharlampiyev (1906–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Sambo (martial art)[86]
	Konstantin Khrenov (1894–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	underwater welding[citation needed]
	Nikolai Kibalchich (1853–1881)  Russian Empire	pioneer of rocketry[87]
	Semyon Kirlian (1898–1978)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Kirlian photography
	Konstantin Konstantinov (1817/19–1871)  Russian Empire	device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine[88]
	Sergei Korolev (1907–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok programme (including the first human spaceflight)
	Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920)  Russian Empire	auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement
	Semyon Korsakov (1787–1853)  Russian Empire	punched card for information storage
	Mikhail Koshkin (1898–1940)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	T-34 medium tank, the most produced tank of World War II[89]
	Ogneslav Stepanovich Kostovich (1851–1916)  Serbia  Russian Empire	arborite (high-strength plywood)[90][91]
	Gleb Kotelnikov (1872–1944)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	knapsack parachute, drogue parachute[92][93]
	Aleksey Krylov (1863–1945)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	gyroscopic damping of ships
	Ivan Kulibin (1735–1818)  Russian Empire	egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, self-rolling carriage (for the first time featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing), an early optical telegraph[94][95][96]
	Igor Kurchatov (1903–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships

L

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Dmitry Lachinov (1842–1902)  Russian Empire	mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, electrolyser[97]
	Semyon Lavochkin (1900–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	La-series aircraft, the first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut
	Nikolai Lebedenko  Russian Empire	Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history[98]
	Sergei Lebedev (1874–1934)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	commercially viable synthetic rubber
	Lisitsyns, Ivan Fyodorovich and his brother Nazar Fyodorovich  Russian Empire	Russian samovar[99]
	Alexander Lodygin (1847–1923)  Russian Empire  United States	electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament
	Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Dmitry Vinogradov), re-discovery of smalt[100]
	Yury Lomonosov (1876–1952)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  United Kingdom	first successful mainline diesel locomotive[101]
	Aleksandr Loran (1849 – after 1911)  Russian Empire	fire fighting foam, foam extinguisher[102]
	Oleg Losev (1903–1942)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	light-emitting diode, crystadine
	Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy (1909–2001)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project[103][104]
	Arkhip Lyulka (1908–1984)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines[105]

M

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Aleksandr Makarov (born 1966)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  Germany	orbitrap[106]
	Stepan Makarov (1849–1904)  Russian Empire	Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice
	Nestor Makhno (1888–1934)  Russian Empire  France (Ukraine)	tachanka
	Victor Makeev (1924–1985)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first intercontinental submarine-launched ballistic missile
	Dmitri Maksutov (1896–1964)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Maksutov telescope
	Sergey Malyutin (1859–1937)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (self-portrait)	matryoshka doll (together with craftsman Vasily Zvyozdochkin)[107]
	Boris Mamyrin (1919–2007)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	reflectron (ion mirror)[108]
	Ilya Mechnikov (1845–1916)  Russian Empire  France	probiotics
	Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907)  Russian Empire	Periodic table, a type of pycnometer, pyrocollodion, co-developer of Icebreaker Yermak, also credited with determining the ideal vodka proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)[109]
	Artem Mikoyan (1905–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (Armenia) (right on photo)	MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich)[68]
	Alexander Mikulin (1895–1985)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank[98][110]
	Mikhail Mil (1909–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter)
	Pavel Molchanov (1893–1941)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	radiosonde
	Alexander Morozov (1904–1979)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34[111][112]
	Sergei Mosin (1849–1902)  Russian Empire	Mosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced ever
	Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s – 1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?–1750) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	Tsar Bell, the largest bell in the world[113]
	Vera Mukhina (1889–1953)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	welded sculpture[114]
	Yevgeny Murzin (1914–1970)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	ANS synthesizer

N

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexander Nadiradze (1914–1987)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union (born in Georgia)	First meteorological missile "M1-Meteo". First mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), also RSD-10 Pioneer and (RT-2PM Topol)[115]
	Andrey Nartov (1683–1756) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight[116][117][118]
	Sergey Nepobedimiy (1921–2014)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm, other Soviet rocket weaponry[119]
	Nikolai Nikitin (1907–1973)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower, The Motherland Calls), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000)
	Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888)  Sweden  Russian Empire	first successful oil tanker[120]
	Konstantin Novoselov (born 1974)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation  United Kingdom	graphene[60] (youngest Nobel Laureate since 1973)[121]

O

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903)  Sweden  Russian Empire	the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator)
	Lucien Olivier (1838–1883)  Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin)	Russian salad (Olivier salad)

P

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexey Pajitnov (born 1956)  Soviet Union  United States	Tetris[122]
	Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	classical conditioning[123]
	Vasily Petrov (1761–1834)  Russian Empire	continuous electric arc, arc welding[124]
	Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881)  Russian Empire	early use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations
	Fyodor Pirotsky (1845–1898)  Russian Empire	electric tram
	Ivan Plotnikov (1902–1995)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	kirza leather[125]
	Nikolai Polikarpov (1892–1944)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane)
	Ivan Polzunov (1728–1766)  Russian Empire	first two-cylinder steam engine
	Mikhail Pomortsev (1851–1916)  Russian Empire	nephoscope
	Alexander Popov (1859–1906)  Russian Empire	built an early radio receiver in the form of a lightning detector, eastern European countries claim he is the "inventor of radio"
	Nikolay Popov (1931–2008)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	first fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80)[126]
	Aleksandr Porokhovschikov (1892 – c. 1942)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV)[127]
	Alexander Procofieff de Seversky (1894–1974)  Russian Empire  United States	ionocraft, first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, also developed air-to-air refueling
	Alexander Prokhorov (1916–2002)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	co-inventor of laser and maser
	Petro Prokopovych (1775–1850)  Russian Empire (Ukraine)	beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties
	Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863–1944)  Russian Empire  France	early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures

R

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	straight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler)[128]
	Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe)[129][130][131]
	Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973)  Russian Empire  United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent)	modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)[132][133][134]
	Boris Rosing (1869–1933)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	CRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side)[135][136]
	Eugene Roshal (born 1972)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver[137]

S

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Alexander Sablukov (1783–1857)  Russian Empire	centrifugal fan[138]
	Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989)  Soviet Union	explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb, co-developer of tokamak
	Franz San Galli (1824–1908)  Russian Empire (Italian and German descent, born in Poland)	radiator, modern central heating[139][140]
	Pavel Schilling (1780–1836)  Russian Empire (Estonia)	shielded cable, electric mine and electromagnetic telegraph[141]
	Guy Severin (1926–2008)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	extra-vehicular activity supporting system[142]
	Leonty Shamshurenkov (1687–1758) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	a device for lifting the Tsar Bell, the first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge[95][143]
	Pyotr Shilovsky (1871 – after 1924)  Russian Empire  United Kingdom	gyrocar[144]
	Vladimir Shukhov (1853–1939)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	thermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, modern oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot[145]
	Pyotr Shuvalov (1711–1762) Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	invented canister shot mortar, introduced licorne into wide usage
	Igor Sikorsky (1889–1972)  Russian Empire  United States	first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Ilya Muromets), modern helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicopters
	Vladimir Simonov (1935–2020)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol[146][147]
	Nikolay Slavyanov (1854–1897)  Russian Empire	shielded metal arc welding[148]
	Alexander Smakula (1900–1983)  Russian Empire  United States (Ukraine)	anti-reflective coating
	Yefim Smolin Tsardom of Russia  Russian Empire	table-glass (stakan granyonyi)[149]
	Igor Spassky (born 1926)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Sea Launch platform and over 200 nuclear submarines, including the world's largest submarines of Typhoon class
	Ladislas Starevich (1882–1965)  Russian Empire  France (Polish descent)	puppet animation, live-action/animated film[150][151]
	Boris Stechkin (1891–1969)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Lebedenko's Tsar Tank, developer of many Soviet heat and aircraft engines[98][152]
	Aleksandr Stoletov (1839–1896)  Russian Empire	first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect
	Pavel Sukhoi (1895–1975)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Su-series fighter aircraft
	Andrei Sychra (1773/76–1850)  Russian Empire (born in Lithuania, Czech ancestry)	Russian seven-string guitar
	Vladimir Syromyatnikov (1933–2006)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms

T

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Andrey Ternovskiy (born 1992)  Russian Federation	creator of Chatroulette, the first random webcam chat website
	Léon Theremin (1896–1993)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  United States  Russian Federation	theremin, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device)
	Andrey Tikhonov (1906–1993)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	magnetotellurics
	Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks
	Gavriil Tikhov (1875–1960)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	feathering spectrograph
	Fedor Tokarev (1871–1968)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle (main Soviet guns of World War II)
	Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, (1857–1935)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	spaceflight (theory principles that led to numerous inventions, derived the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation)
	Mikhail Tsvet (1872–1919)  Russian Empire	chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method)
	Alexei Tupolev (1925–2001)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)
	Andrei Tupolev (1888–1972)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	turboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95)

U

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000)  Soviet Union  Russian Federation	railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets[153]

V

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project)
	Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	budenovka military hat
	Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron[34][154]

W

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Paul Walden (1863–1957)  Russian Empire  Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent)	Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid)

Y

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894)  Russian Empire	Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp)
	Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet)
	Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964)  Russian Empire  France  United States	modern ship hull design
	Sergei Yudin (1891–1954)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations[155]

Z

Portrait	Person	Inventions	Image
	Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917)  Russian Empire (Poland)	Esperanto language
	Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy[156]
	Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world
	Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921)  Russian Empire  Russian SFSR	an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank[98][157]
	Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982)  Russian Empire  United States	pioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescope
	Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956)  Russian Empire  Soviet Union	matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin)[158]