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In the United States, the informal political term "czar" or "tsar" is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level officials who oversee a particular policy. There have never been any U.S. government offices with the title "czar", but various governmental officials have sometimes been referred to by the nickname "czar" rather than their actual title.

The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933–1945), during which eleven unique positions (or twelve if one were to count "Economic Czar" and "Economic Czar of World War II" as separate) were so described. The term was revived, mostly by the press, to describe officials in the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford administrations, and continues today.

By administration

The list is subjective and imprecise, since frequently individuals or offices might be referred to by the nickname "czar" by some publication or a political opponent, yet the actual governmental official, a majority of publications and others do not use the term. One possible definition is only those officials who are appointed by the president without Senate confirmation.

Summary table - Number of czars per administration
President's name Party In office Number of
czar titles 		Number of
appointees 		Appointees not
confirmed by Senate
Franklin Roosevelt D 1933–1945 11 19 18
Harry Truman 1945–1953 6 5
Dwight Eisenhower R 1953–1961 1 0
Lyndon Johnson D 1963–1969 3 1
Richard Nixon R 1969–1974 3 5
Gerald Ford 1974–1977 2
Jimmy Carter D 1977–1981 2 3 2
Ronald Reagan R 1981–1989 1
George H. W. Bush 1989–1993 2 3 0
Bill Clinton D 1993–2001 8 11 7
George W. Bush R 2001–2009 33 49 28
Barack Obama D 2009–2017 38 50 39
Donald Trump R 2017–2021 2 TBD [needs update]42 TBD [needs update]40
Joe Biden D 2021- TBD [needs update] TBD [needs update] TBD [needs update]

The numbers are based upon the sortable list below. Please see it for details and references. Note that what is measured is the popularity of the word czar, rather than an objective measure of authority.

Also note that under George W. Bush only 33 Czar titles had been currently found, thus only 33 Czars, although many of these titles were used by several distinct individuals. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, but the phrase "mine safety czar" was only applied to the position since the controversial appointment of Richard Stickler to the post in 2006. Similarly, there has been a director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs since the office was created by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, but the term "regulatory czar" was not applied to the post until 2001.

List of executive branch czars

The following are executive branch officials who have been described by the media as a czar of some kind.

Czar title Official title Office holder Tenure Type of appointment Appointing administration Senate confirmed
AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Holbrooke, Richard[1] 2009–2010 President appointed Barack Obama
AIDS czar National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council Gebbie, Kristine[2] 1993–1994 Bill Clinton
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Fleming, Patricia[3] 1993–1997
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation Thurman, Sandra[4] 1997–2000
Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Evertz, Scott[5] 2001–2002 George W. Bush
O'Neill, Joe[6] 2002–2003
Thompson, Carol[7] 2004–2006
Crowley, Jeffrey[8] 2009–2012 Barack Obama
Colfax, Grant[9] 2012–2014
Brooks, Douglas[10] 2014–2016
anti-poverty czar, poverty czar Director of Office of Economic Opportunity Shriver, Sargent[11] 1965–1969 President nominated, Senate confirmed Lyndon Johnson ✓
Asian Carp czar Asian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality Goss, John[12] 2010–Unknown Council on Environmental Quality selected Barack Obama
auto czar, car czar Treasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force Rattner, Steve[13] 2009 Feb–Jul Sec. of Treasury appointed
Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force Bloom, Ron[14] 2009–2011 President appointed
auto recovery czar, autoworker czar Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers Montgomery, Ed[15] 2009–Unknown
bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury Kashkari, Neel.[16] 2008–2009 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
bank bailout czar, TARP czar United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability Allison, Herbert[17] 2009–2013 President nominated, Senate confirmed Barack Obama
bioethics czar Advisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics Kass, Leon[18] 2001–2005 (New position), Exec order, President appointed George W. Bush
bird flu czar Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness Simonson, Stewart[19] 2004–2006 (New position), President appointed
birth control czar Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services Keroack, Eric[20] 2006–2007 President appointed
border czar U.S. attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice Bersin, Alan[21][22] 1995–1998 President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative Bill Clinton ✓
Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security, 2009–2011 Sec of Homeland Security appointed Barack Obama
budget czar Director of the Office of Management and Budget Daniels, Mitchell E.[23] 2001–2003 President nominated, Senate Confirmed George W. Bush ✓
Bolten, Joshua[24] 2003–2006
Portman, Rob[25] 2006–2007
cleanup czar Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption) Morris, Newbold[26] 1952, fired after 63 days by Atty General for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President Truman Attorney General appointed Harry Truman
Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear cleanup) Roberson, Jessie[27] 2001–2004 President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
Rispoli, James[28] 2005–2008 Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed
climate czar Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negotiations Todd D. Stern[29] 1997–1999 President appointed Bill Clinton
Special Envoy for Climate Change Stern, Todd D.[30] 2009 Sec. of State appointed Barack Obama
climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change Browner, Carol[31] 2009–2011 (New position)
copyright czar Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administration[32] 2008–2009 George W. Bush
Espinel, Victoria[33] 2009–2013 (first at position) Barack Obama
communications czar Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President Bartlett, Dan[34] 2005–2007 President appointed George W. Bush
compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation Feinberg, Kenneth[35] 2009–2011, 2014–2016? Sec. of Treasury appointed Barack Obama
consumer czar Special Advisor for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Warren, Elizabeth[36] 2010–2011 (New Position), President appointed
cruise czar Fact-Finding Officer for the Federal Maritime Commission Sola, Louis E.[37] 2020–2023 President nominated, Senate confirmed Donald Trump
car czar Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council Reed, Bruce[38] 1993–2001 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Bill Clinton
cyber security czar, cyber czar Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Clarke, Richard A.[39] 2001 Oct – 2003 Feb (New position), President appointed George W. Bush
Director, National Cybersecurity Center Beckstrom, Rod[40] 2008–2009 (New position), Presidential directive, President appointed
Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator Hathaway, Melissa[41] 2009 May–July, Acting czar ; resigned [42] Office created May 31, 2009. Barack Obama
Tom Bossert[43] 2017–2018 Donald J. Trump
Robert Joyce[44] 2018
czar of censorship Director, Office of Censorship Price, Byron[45] 1941–1945 Exec Order, President appointed Franklin Roosevelt
czar of information Director, Office of War Information Davis, Elmer[46] 1942–1945
czar of Latin American affairs Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Mann, Thomas C.[47] 1964–1965 President nominated, Senate confirmed Lyndon Johnson ✓
democracy czar Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy Abrams, Elliott[48] 2005–2008 President appointed George W. Bush
domestic czar Special Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide Califano, Joseph[49] 1965–1969 Lyndon Johnson
domestic policy czar Chief Domestic Policy Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Rove, Karl[50] 2004–2006 George W. Bush
domestic violence czar Advisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues Rosenthal, Lynn[51] 2009 Vice President appointed Barack Obama
drug czar Head of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention Jaffe, Jerome[52] 1971 President appointed Richard Nixon
Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration DuPont, Robert 1973–1978 Gerald Ford
Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985) Turner, Carlton[53] 1982–1988 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Ronald Reagan
Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy Bennett, William J.[54] 1989–1990 (New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate Confirmed George H. W. Bush ✓
Martinez, Bob[55] 1991–1993 President nominated, Senate Confirmed
Director, National Drug Control Policy Brown, Lee P.[56] 1993–1995 Bill Clinton
McCaffrey, Barry[57] 1996–2001
Walters, John P.[58] 2001–2009 George W. Bush
Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed) Kerlikowske, R. Gil[59] 2009–2014 Barack Obama
Director, National Drug Control Policy Botticelli, Michael P.[60] 2015–2017
Ebola czar Ebola Response Coordinator Klain, Ron 2014–2015 President appointed
e-commerce czar, e-czar Executive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Group Elizabeth Echols[61] 1998–2000 Vice President appointed Bill Clinton ✓
economic czar, economic czar of World War II Director, Office of Economic Stabilization Byrnes, James[62] 1942–1943 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Franklin Roosevelt
economic czar Vinson, Fred M.[63] 1943–1945 President appointed
Davis, William Hammatt[64] 1945–1946
economic czar, big-picture economic czar Chairman, Economic Recovery Advisory Board Volcker, Paul A.[65] 2009 Barack Obama
energy czar Director of the Energy Policy Office Love, John Arthur[66] 1973 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Richard Nixon
Federal Energy Office Administrator Simon, William E[67] 1973–1974 President appointed
Administrator, Federal Energy Administration Sawhill, John[68] 1974
Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council Zarb, Frank[69] 1974–1977 Gerald Ford
Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position) Schlesinger, James[70] 1977–1979 (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed Jimmy Carter ✓
ethics czar, transparency czar Special Counsel to the President for Ethics and Government Reform Eisen, Norm[71] 2009–2010 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Barack Obama
White House Counsel Bauer, Robert[72] 2010–2011 President appointed
faith-based czar, faith czar Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives DiIulio, John[73] 2001–2002 (New position), Exec order, President appointed George W. Bush
Towey, Jim[74] 2002–2006 President appointed
Hein, Jay[75] 2006–2008
faith-based czar Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships DuBois, Joshua[76] 2009–2013 Barack Obama
Melissa Rogers[77] 2013–2014?
food czar Food Administrator and Secretary of Agriculture Wickard, Claude[78] 1942–1943 Exec order Franklin Roosevelt
War Food Administrator Davis, Chester C.[79] 1943
Jones, Marvin[80] 1943–1945
Chairman Citizens Food Committee Luckman, Charles[81] 1947 Sep–Nov President appointed Harry Truman
food safety czar Assistant Commissioner for Food Protection Acheson, David W. K.[82] 2007–2008 George W. Bush
foreign aid czar Administrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Tobias, Randall[83][84] 2006–2007 President nominated, Senate confirmed ✓
global AIDS czar Coordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally with the rank of Ambassador 2003–2006 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed
Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador Dybul, Mark[85] 2006–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed
Great Lakes czar Senior Advisor to the EPA Administrator Davis, Cameron[86] 2009–2017 (New position) Barack Obama
green-jobs czar Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality Jones, Van[87] 2009 Apr–Sep President appointed
Guantanamo Base closure czar US Department of State Special Envoy Fried, Daniel[88] 2009–2013 Sec. of State appointed
health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar Senior Advisor for Policy Development Magaziner, Ira,[89] 1993–1998 President appointed Bill Clinton
health czar Director of the White House Office of Health Reform and Counselor to the President DeParle, Nancy-Ann[90] 2009–2011 Exec Order Barack Obama
health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC) Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Howard, John[91] 2006–2008 President Appointed George W. Bush
health IT czar National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services Brailer, David J.[92] 2004–2006 (New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS
Blumenthal, Dr. David 2009 - Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS Barack Obama
homeland security czar Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Ridge, Tom[93][94] 2001–2002 (New position), Exec Order, President appointed George W. Bush
Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2003–2004 (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed ✓
Chertoff, Michael[95] 2005–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed
homeless czar, homelessness czar Executive Director, United States Interagency Council on Homelessness Phil Mangano[96][97] 2002–2008 President appointed
housing czar Housing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion Wyatt, Wilson[98] 1945–1946 (New position), President appointed Harry Truman
Human Trafficking czar Special Advisor in the Office of Domestic Policy Council Heather Fischer,[99][100] 2020 Donald J.Trump
Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, hurricane Katrina recovery czar Federal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort Powell, Donald E.[101] 2005–2008 President appointed George W. Bush
inflation czar, anti-inflation czar Special Trade Representative, Chief U.S. trade negotiator Strauss, Robert[102] 1978 Jimmy Carter
inflation czar Advisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability Kahn, Alfred[103] 1977–1980
information czar, infotech czar Chief Information Officer at the White House Kundra, Vivek[104] 2009–2011 (New position), created by statute, President appointed Barack Obama
VanRoekel, Steven[105] 2011–2014 created by statute, President appointed
intelligence czar Director of National Intelligence Negroponte, John[106] 2005–2007 (New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
McConnell, John Michael[107] 2007–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed
Blair, Dennis[108] 2009–2010 Barack Obama
Clapper, James[109] 2010–2017
Iran czar Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran) Ross, Dennis[110] 2009–2011 President appointed
manpower czar Director, War Manpower Commission McNutt, Paul V.[111] 1942–1945 Exec order Franklin Roosevelt
manufacturing czar Assistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department Frink, Albert[112] 2004–2007 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services Sutton, William G.[113] 2007–2008 President nominated, Senate confirmed
Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy Bloom, Ron[14] 2009–2011 President appointed Barack Obama
Middle East czar Special Envoy for Middle East Peace Mitchell, George[114] Sec. of State appointed
mine safety czar Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health Stickler, Richard[115] 2006–2008 Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate George W. Bush
missile czar Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development Gardner, Trevor[116] 1954–1956 Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed Dwight D. Eisenhower ✓
mobilization czar, civilian economy czar Director, Office of Defense Mobilization Wilson, Charles E.[117] 1950–1952 (New position), Exec order Harry Truman
oil czar Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior Ickes, Harold L.[118] 1941–1946 President nominated, Senate confirmed as Secy of Interior Franklin Roosevelt ✓
patronage czar Postmaster General Post Office Department, Cabinet-level position Hannegan, Bob[119] 1945–1947 President nominated, Senate confirmed Harry Truman
performance czar United States Chief Performance Officer and Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget Zients, Jeffrey[120] 2009–2013 Barack Obama
policy czar Assistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning Gerson, Michael[121] 2005–2006 President appointed George W. Bush
price czar Administrator, Office of Price Administration Henderson, Leon[122] 1941–1942 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Franklin Roosevelt
Brown, Prentiss Marsh[123] 1942–1943 President appointed
Bowles, Chester[124] 1943–1946
Chairman of the Price Commission Grayson, C. Jackson, Jr.[125] 1971 (New position), President appointed Richard Nixon
production czar Director, War Production Board Nelson, Donald[126] 1942–1944 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Franklin Roosevelt
Krug, Julius[127] 1944–1945 President appointed
public diplomacy czar Special advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Hughes, Karen[128] 2005–2007 President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy Glassman, James[129] 2008–2009
reading czar President's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education Lyon, G. Reid[130] 2001–2005 President appointed
reconversion czar Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion Snyder, John[131] 1945–1946 Harry Truman
regulatory czar Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget Graham, John D.[132] 2001–2006 President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
Dudley, Susan[133] 2006–2009 Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote
Sunstein, Cass[134] 2009–2012 President nominated, Senate confirmed Barack Obama ✓
rubber czar Rubber Director Jeffers, Bill[135] 1942–1943 (New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board Franklin Roosevelt
savings & loan czar Director, Office of Thrift Supervision Ryan, T. Timothy, Jr.[136] 1990–1997 President nominated, Senate confirmed George H. W. Bush ✓
science czar Science Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Marburger, John[137] 2001 Oct – 2009 Jan George W. Bush
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Holdren, John[138] 2009–2017 Barack Obama
shipping czar Administrator, War Shipping Administration Land, Emory S.[139] 1942–1946 Exec order Franklin Roosevelt
stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight Chairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board Devaney, Earl[140] 2009 (New position), created by statute, President appointed Barack Obama
technology czar, chief technology czar Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Assistant to the President Chopra, Aneesh[141] 2009–2012 President nominated, Senate confirmed Barack Obama ✓
terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of National Security Council, cabinet-level position Clarke, Richard A.[142][143] 1998 May – 2001 Jan President appointed Bill Clinton
terrorism czar National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed 2001 Jan–Oct (Held over from prior administration) President Clinton appointed George W. Bush
terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar National Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor Downing, Wayne[144] 2001 Nov – 2002 Jun (New position), President appointed
terrorism czar Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Brennan, John O.[145] 2009 President appointed Barack Obama
trade czar Senior Policy Advisor in the White House on behalf of the United States Trade Representative. Mary Ryckman 2012 Appointed by USTR Michael Froman in 2012[146] She also represents the USTR on the President's Council on Women and Girls.[147]
transportation czar Director, Office of Defense Transportation Eastman, Joseph Bartlett[148] 1941–1944 (New position), Exec order, President appointed Franklin Roosevelt
Johnson, J. Monroe[149] 1944–1949 President appointed
urban affairs czar Director of the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy Carrion, Adolfo[150] 2009–2010 Exec Order, President appointed Barack Obama
war czar Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan Lute, Douglas[151] 2007–2009 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed George W. Bush ✓
2009–2010? (Held over from prior administration) President Bush nominated, Senate confirmed Barack Obama
weapons czar Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) Carter, Ashton[152] 2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed
weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism Samore, Gary[153] 2009–2013 President appointed
weatherization czar Program Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Sperling, Gil[154] 2008–Unknown Career incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration
George W. Bush
COVID-19 czar Counselor to the President of the United States Zients, Jeff 2021–2022 President appointed Joe Biden
White House COVID-19 response coordinator Ashish Jha 2022–present

See also

References

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