Flag of an Air Forcefour-star general
Flag of an Air Force
four-star general

This is a complete list of four-star generals in the United States Air Force. The rank of general (or full general, or four-star general) is the highest rank normally achievable in the U.S. Air Force. It ranks above lieutenant general (three-star general) and below General of the Air Force (five-star general).

There have been 230 four-star generals in the history of the U.S. Air Force. Of these, 226 achieved that rank while on active duty, 3 were promoted after retirement, and one was promoted posthumously. Generals entered the Air Force via several paths: 60 were commissioned via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 49 via the aviation cadet program, 45 via the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), 42 via Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) at a civilian university, 13 via AFROTC at a senior military college, nine via Air Force Officer Training School (OTS), four via the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA), four via Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, two via direct commission (direct), one via direct commission inter-service transfer from the Army National Guard (ARNG), and one via direct commission inter-service transfer from the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).

List of generals

Entries in the following list of four-star generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank,[1] active-duty positions held while serving at four-star rank,[2] number of years of active-duty service at four-star rank (Yrs),[3] year commissioned and source of commission,[4] number of years in commission when promoted to four-star rank (YC),[5] and other biographical notes (years of birth and death are shown in parentheses in the Notes column).[6]

# Name Photo Date of rank Position Yrs[3] Commission YC[5] Notes
1 Henry H. Arnold
Henry H. Arnold 1947.jpg
19 Mar 1943   3 1907 (USMA) 36 (1886–1950) Promoted to General of the Army, 21 Dec 1944; to General of the Air Force, 7 May 1949.
2 Joseph T. McNarney
General Joseph Taggart McNarney.jpg
7 Mar 1945   7 1915 (USMA) 30 (1893–1972)
3 George C. Kenney
General George Churchill Kenney.jpg
9 Mar 1945   6 1917 (cadet) 28 (1889–1977)
4 Carl A. Spaatz
Carl Spaatz, Air Force photo portrait, color.jpg
11 Mar 1945   3 1914 (USMA) 31 (1891–1974)
5 Hoyt S. Vandenberg
Hoyt S Vandenberg.jpg
1 Oct 1947   6 1923 (USMA) 24 (1899–1954) Director of Central Intelligence, 1946–1947. Nephew of U.S. Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg; son married daughter of Air Force four-star general Leon W. Johnson.
6 Muir S. Fairchild
Muir S Fairchild.jpg
27 May 1948   2 1918 (cadet) 30 (1894–1950) Died in office.
7 Nathan F. Twining
Nathan Twining 02.jpg
10 Oct 1950   10 1918 (USMA) 32 (1897–1982) Brother of Marine Corps four-star general Merrill B. Twining.
8 John K. Cannon
John K Cannon.jpg
29 Oct 1951   3 1917 (direct) 34 (1892–1955)
9 Benjamin W. Chidlaw
General Benjamin Wiley Chidlaw.jpg
29 Oct 1951   4 1922 (USMA) 29 (1900–1977)
10 Curtis E. LeMay
Curtis LeMay (USAF).jpg
29 Oct 1951   14 1929 (cadet) 22 (1906–1990) American Independent Party nominee for U.S. Vice president, 1968.
11 Lauris Norstad
General Lauris Norstad.JPG
5 Jul 1952   11 1930 (USMA) 22 (1907–1988)
12 Otto P. Weyland
Weyland op.jpg
5 Jul 1952   7 1923 (Texas A&M) 29 (1902–1979)
13 Thomas D. White
Gen Thomas Dresser White.jpg
30 Jun 1953   8 1920 (USMA) 33 (1902–1965)
14 Edwin W. Rawlings
Gen Edwin W. Rawlings, color portrait.jpg
19 Feb 1954   5 1930 (cadet) 24 (1904–1997)
15 Earle E. Partridge
Earle Everard Partridge.jpg
19 Feb 1954   5 1924 (USMA) 30 (1900–1990)
16 Orval R. Cook
GEN Cook, Orval Ray (2).jpg
1 Apr 1954   2 1922 (USMA) 32 (1898–1980)
17 Laurence S. Kuter
Gen-Laurence-S--Kuter.jpg
29 May 1955   7 1927 (USMA) 28 (1905–1979)[10] U.S. Representative to the International Civil Aviation Organization, 1946–1948.
18 Thomas S. Power
Thomas S Power.jpg
30 Jun 1957   7 1929 (cadet) 28 (1905–1970)
19 Frank F. Everest
Frank F Everest.jpg
1 Jul 1957   4 1928 (USMA) 29 (1904–1983)
20 Leon W. Johnson
Leon W Johnson.jpg
31 Aug 1957   8 1926 (USMA) 31 (1904–1997)[11] Awarded Medal of Honor, 1943. Daughter married son of Air Force four-star general Hoyt S. Vandenberg.
21 Charles P. Cabell
Charles p cabell.jpg
11 Jul 1958[12] 4 1925 (USMA) 33 (1903–1971) Distant cousin of Navy four-star admiral Richard H. Jackson.
22 Samuel E. Anderson
Samuel E Anderson.jpg
10 Mar 1959   4 1928 (USMA) 31 (1906–1982)
23 Emmett O'Donnell Jr.
General Emmett Rosie O
31 Jul 1959   4 1928 (USMA) 31 (1906–1971)
24 Frederic H. Smith Jr.
GEN Smith, Frederic Harrison, Jr (VCSAF).jpg
1 Aug 1959   3 1929 (USMA) 30 (1908–1980) Son-in-law of Navy five-star admiral Ernest J. King.
25 Truman H. Landon
Gen Truman H. Landon.jpg
28 Jun 1961   2 1928 (USMA) 33 (1905–1986)
26 William F. McKee
General William F McKee, USAF.JPG
29 Jun 1961   3 1929 (USMA) 32 (1906–1987) Assistant Administrator for Management and Development, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1964–1965; Administrator, Federal Aviation Agency, 1965–1968.
27 Walter C. Sweeney Jr.
Walter C. Sweeney.jpg
30 Jun 1961   4 1930 (USMA) 31 (1909–1965)
28 Bernard A. Schriever
Gen Bernard A. Schriever, color portrait.jpg
1 Jul 1961   5 1931 (Texas A&M) 30 (1910–2005)
29 John K. Gerhart
John K Gerhart.jpg
29 Jun 1962   3 1929 (cadet) 33 (1907–1981)
30 Dean C. Strother
Dean Coldwell Strother.jpg
30 Jun 1962   4 1931 (USMA) 31 (1908–2000)
31 Mark E. Bradley Jr.
Gen Mark E. Bradley (1).jpg
1 Jul 1962   3 1930 (USMA) 32 (1907–1999)
32 John P. McConnell
John P. McConnell.jpg
1 Oct 1962   7 1932 (USMA) 30 (1908–1986)
33 Robert M. Lee
Robert Merrill Lee.jpg
4 Jun 1963   3 1931 (USMA) 32 (1909–2003)
34 Jacob E. Smart
GEN Smart, Jacob E.jpg
5 Jun 1963   3 1931 (USMA) 32 (1909–2006) Assistant Administrator for Policy/DoD and Interagency Affairs, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1967–1973.
35 Joe W. Kelly
Joe W Kelly.jpg
6 Jun 1963   1 1932 (USMA) 31 (1910–1979)
36 Gabriel P. Disosway
Gabriel P Disosway.jpg
1 Aug 1963   5 1933 (USMA) 30 (1910–2001)
37 Hunter Harris Jr.
Hunter Harris.jpg
18 Jul 1964   3 1932 (USMA) 32 (1909–1987)
38 Howell M. Estes II
MAC, 68-69, Gen Howell M. Estes Jr. (cropped).jpg
19 Jul 1964   5 1936 (USMA) 28 (1914–2007) Father of Air Force four-star general Howell M. Estes III.
39 John D. Ryan
GEN Ryan, John Dale (2).jpg
1 Dec 1964   9 1938 (USMA) 26 (1915–1983) Father of Air Force four-star general Michael E. Ryan.
40 William H. Blanchard
Wm H Blanchard VCSAF.jpg
19 Feb 1965   1 1938 (USMA) 27 (1916–1966) Died in office.
41 Kenneth B. Hobson
Gen Kenneth B. Hobson, color portrait.jpg
31 Jul 1965   2 1932 (USMA) 33 (1908–1979)
42 Bruce K. Holloway
GEN Holloway, Bruce Keener (1).jpg
1 Aug 1965   7 1937 (USMA) 28 (1912–1999)
43 William S. Stone
William Sebastian Stone.jpg
28 Jul 1966   2 1934 (USMA) 32 (1910–1968) Died in office. Superintendent, U.S. Air Force Academy, 1959–1962.
44 Raymond J. Reeves
Raymond J Reeves.jpg
29 Jul 1966   3 1934 (USMA) 32 (1909–1998)
45 James Ferguson
Gen James Ferguson, color portrait (cropped).jpg
30 Jul 1966   4 1937 (cadet) 29 (1913–2000)
46 David A. Burchinal
David A Burchinal.jpg
31 Jul 1966   7 1940 (cadet) 26 (1915–1990)
47 Maurice A. Preston
Gen Maurice A. Preston, USAF (cropped).jpg
1 Aug 1966   2 1937 (USMA) 29 (1912–1983)
48 Joseph J. Nazzaro
GEN Joseph J Nazzaro.jpg
1 Feb 1967   4 1936 (USMA) 31 (1913–1990)
49 Thomas P. Gerrity
General Thomas Patrick Gerrity, color portrait.jpg
1 Aug 1967   1 1940 (cadet) 27 (1913–1968) Died in office.
50 William W. Momyer
William w momyer.jpg
13 Dec 1967   6 1939 (cadet) 28 (1916–2012)
51 Jack G. Merrell
General Jack G. Merrell, color portrait (cropped 3).jpg
29 Mar 1968   4 1939 (USMA) 29 (1915–1993)
52 Horace M. Wade
Horace M. Wade.jpg
31 Jul 1968   5 1938 (cadet) 30 (1916–2001)
53 George S. Brown
GEN George Brown.JPG
1 Aug 1968   10 1941 (USMA) 27 (1918–1978)
54 Joseph R. Holzapple
Joseph R Holzapple.jpg
1 Feb 1969   2 1941 (cadet) 28 (1914–1973)
55 Seth J. McKee
Seth J McKee.jpg
30 Jul 1969   4 1939 (cadet) 30 (1916–2016)
56 John C. Meyer
JohnCMeyer.jpg
31 Jul 1969   5 1940 (cadet) 29 (1919–1975)
57 Jack J. Catton
Gen Jack J. Catton, color portrait.jpg
1 Aug 1969   5 1941 (cadet) 28 (1920–1990)
58 Lucius D. Clay Jr.
Lucius D Clay Jr.jpg
1 Sep 1970   5 1942 (USMA) 28 (1919–1994) Son of Army four-star general Lucius D. Clay; grandson of U.S. Senator Alexander S. Clay.
59 Theodore R. Milton
TheodoreRMilton.jpg
31 Jul 1971   3 1940 (USMA) 31 (1915–2010)
60 John D. Lavelle
John D. Lavelle portrait.jpg
1 Aug 1971   1 1940 (cadet) 31 (1916–1979)[13] Relieved, 1972.
61 David C. Jones
David C Jones official portrait.jpg
1 Sep 1971   11 1943 (cadet) 28 (1921–2013)
62 John W. Vogt Jr.
Gen John W. Vogt Jr.jpg
7 Apr 1972   3 1942 (cadet) 30 (1920–2010)
63 Russell E. Dougherty
Russell E Dougherty.jpg
1 May 1972   5 1943 (cadet) 29 (1920–2007) Father-in-law of Air Force four-star general Joseph W. Ralston.
* George B. Simler
GEN (posthumous) Simler, George B.jpg
16 Aug 1972  
  • (posthumous)
0 1942 (cadet) 30 (1921–1972)[15]
64 Paul K. Carlton
Gen Paul K. Carlton alternate portrait (cropped).jpg
9 Oct 1972   5 1942 (cadet) 30 (1921–2009)
65 George J. Eade
GEN Eade, George James (1).jpeg
18 Apr 1973   2 1942 (cadet) 31 (1921–2018)
66 Samuel C. Phillips
Gen Samuel C. Phillips, color portrait.jpg
1 Aug 1973   2 1942 (ROTC) 31 (1921–1990) Director, National Security Agency, 1972–1973.
67 Richard H. Ellis
GEN Ellis, Richard Hastings.jpg
30 Sep 1973   8 1942 (cadet) 31 (1919–1989) U.S. Commissioner for the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Standing Consultative Commission, 1982–1989.
68 Robert J. Dixon
Gen Robert J. Dixon, USAF (cropped).jpg
1 Oct 1973   5 1942 (RCAF) 31 (1920–2003)[16]
69 Timothy F. O'Keefe
Timothy F. O
8 Oct 1973   1 1940 (cadet) 33 (1919–1984)
70 Louis L. Wilson Jr.
Lt Gen Louis L. Wilson Jr.jpg
1 Jul 1974   3 1943 (USMA) 31 (1919–2010)
71 Louis T. Seith
Louis T. Seith.jpg
1 Aug 1974   3 1943 (USMA) 31 (1921–2007)
72 William V. McBride
GEN McBride, William Vincent 1 (c) (full size).jpg
1 Sep 1974   4 1942 (cadet) 32 (1922–2022)
73 William J. Evans
General William J. Evans.jpg
30 Aug 1975   3 1946 (USMA) 29 (1924–2000)
74 F. Michael Rogers
Gen F. Michael Rogers.jpg
1 Sep 1975   3 1943 (cadet) 32 (1921–2014)
75 Daniel James Jr.
James DanielChappie.jpg
1 Sep 1975   3 1943 (cadet) 32 (1920–1978) First African-American to achieve four-star rank in any service.
76 Robert E. Huyser
GEN Huyser, Robert E (LGEN) cropped.jpg
1 Sep 1975   6 1944 (cadet) 31 (1924–1997) U.S. Special Envoy to Iran, 1979.
77 John W. Roberts
RobertsKE67589jpg.jpg
29 Mar 1977   2 1944 (cadet) 33 (1921–1999)
78 William G. Moore Jr.
MAC, 77-79, Gen Moore, William.jpg
1 Apr 1977   2 1941 (cadet) 36 (1920–2012)
79 Lew Allen Jr.
General Lew Allen, official military photo.jpg
31 Jul 1977   5 1946 (USMA) 31 (1925–2010) Director, National Security Agency, 1973–1977; Director, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1982–1990.
80 James R. Allen
James R Allen.jpg
1 Aug 1977   6 1948 (USMA) 29 (1925–1992) Superintendent, U.S. Air Force Academy, 1974–1977.
81 James E. Hill
GEN Hill, James E (cropped).jpg
21 Dec 1977   2 1943 (cadet) 34 (1921–1999)
82 Bryce Poe II
General Bryce Poe II, alternate portrait.jpg
2 Feb 1978   3 1946 (USMA) 32 (1924–2000)
83 Alton D. Slay
Alton D Slay.jpg
1 Apr 1978   3 1944 (cadet) 34 (1924–2015)
84 Wilbur L. Creech
Wilbur Creech.jpg
1 May 1978   6 1949 (cadet) 29 (1927–2003)
85 James A. Hill
James A Hill.jpg
10 Jul 1978   2 1944 (cadet) 34 (1923–2010)
86 John W. Pauly
General John W. Pauly.jpg
1 Aug 1978   2 1945 (USMA) 33 (1923–2013)
87 Bennie L. Davis
Bennie Davis.jpg
1 Apr 1979   6 1950 (USMA) 29 (1928–2012)
88 William Y. Smith
William Y. Smith.JPEG
1 Jul 1979   4 1948 (USMA) 31 (1925–2016)
89 Robert C. Mathis
Robert C Mathis.jpg
1 Mar 1980   2 1948 (USMA) 32 (1927–2016)
90 Richard L. Lawson
Richard L. Lawson.jpg
1 Jul 1980   6 1951 (ARNG) 29 (1929–2020)[17]
91 Charles A. Gabriel
Charles A. Gabriel.jpg
1 Aug 1980   6 1950 (USMA) 30 (1928–2003)
92 Robert T. Marsh
Marsh rt.jpg
1 Feb 1981   3 1949 (USMA) 32 (1925–2017)
93 Thomas M. Ryan Jr.
GEN Thomas M Ryan Jr.jpg
31 Jul 1981   4 1950 (cadet) 31 (born 1928)
94 James P. Mullins
James P. Mullins.JPEG
1 Aug 1981   3 1949 (cadet) 32 (born 1928)
95 James V. Hartinger
Gen James V. Hartinger.jpg
1 Oct 1981   3 1949 (USMA) 32 (1925–2000)
96 Jerome F. O'Malley
Gen Jerome F. O
1 Jun 1982   3 1953 (USMA) 29 (1932–1985) Died in office.
97 Billy M. Minter
Gen Billy M. Minter (cropped).jpg
1 Jul 1982   2 1949 (cadet) 33 (1926–2005)
98 Andrew P. Iosue
General Andrew P. Iosue May 5, 1986.JPEG
1 Jul 1983   3 1951 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1927)
99 James E. Dalton
James E Dalton.jpg
1 Aug 1983   2 1954 (USMA) 29 (born 1930)
100 Lawrence A. Skantze
Lawrence A Skantze.jpg
6 Oct 1983   4 1952 (USNA) 31 (1928–2018)
101 Larry D. Welch
Portrait of US Air Force (USAF) General (GEN) Larry D. Welch (uncovered) (cropped).jpg
1 Aug 1984   6 1953 (cadet) 31 (born 1934) President, Institute for Defense Analyses, 1990–2003, 2006–2009.
102 Robert T. Herres
Gen Robert T. Herres, VJCS portrait.jpg
1 Aug 1984   6 1954 (USNA) 30 (1932–2008)
103 Robert W. Bazley
Robert W. Bazley by Garfield Jones.JPEG
1 Nov 1984   2 1945 (cadet) 29 (1925–2012)
104 Charles L. Donnelly Jr.
Charles L Donnelly Jr.jpg
1 Nov 1984   3 1952 (cadet) 32 (1929–1994)
105 Earl T. O'Loughlin
Earl T OLoughlin.jpg
1 Nov 1984   3 1952 (cadet) 32 (born 1930)
* James H. Doolittle
Lt. General James Doolittle, head and shoulders.jpg
4 Apr 1985  
  • (retired)
0 1918 (cadet) 67 (1896–1993)[18] Awarded Medal of Honor, 1942; Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1989. First Air Force reservist to attain rank of general.
* Ira C. Eaker
Portrait of USAF Lt Gen Ira C. Eaker.jpg
26 Apr 1985  
  • (retired)
0 1917 (direct) 68 (1896–1987)[19] Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 1978.
106 Robert D. Russ
Robert D Russ.jpg
22 May 1985   6 1955 (AFROTC) 30 (1933–1997)
107 John T. Chain Jr.
John T Chain.jpg
1 Jul 1985   6 1956 (AFROTC) 29 (1934–2021) U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs, 1984–1985.
108 John L. Piotrowski
John L Piotrowski.jpg
1 Aug 1985   5 1954 (cadet) 31 (born 1934)
109 Duane H. Cassidy
Duane H Cassidy.jpg
8 Nov 1985   4 1954 (cadet) 31 (1933–2016)
110 Robert H. Reed
General Robert Harvey Reed USAF.JPEG
1 Jul 1986   2 1953 (cadet) 33 (1929–2017)
111 Thomas C. Richards
Thomas C Richards, GEN USAF.jpg
1 Dec 1986   3 1956 (VPI) 30 (1930–2020) Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, 1992–1993.
112 Jack I. Gregory
Jack I Gregory.jpg
1 Jan 1987   1 1953 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1931)
113 Monroe W. Hatch Jr.
Monroe W Hatch Jr.jpg
29 Jan 1987   3 1951 (USNA) 36 (born 1933)
114 William L. Kirk
Gen William L. Kirk.jpg
1 May 1987   2 1954 (cadet) 33 (1932–2017)
115 Bernard P. Randolph
Bernard P Randolph (cropped 2).jpg
1 Aug 1987   3 1956 (cadet) 31 (1933–2021)
116 Alfred G. Hansen
Gen Alfred G. Hansen.jpg
1 Aug 1987   2 1955 (cadet) 32 (born 1933)
117 John A. Shaud
John A Shaud.jpg
1 Jul 1988   3 1956 (USMA) 32 (born 1933)
118 Merrill A. McPeak
Merrill McPeak, official military photo.JPEG
1 Aug 1988   6 1957 (AFROTC) 31 (born 1936) Chairman, American Battle Monuments Commission, 2010–2018.
119 Michael J. Dugan
Michael Dugan, official military photo.jpg
1 May 1989   2 1958 (USMA) 31 (born 1937) Relieved as chief of staff, 1990.
120 James P. McCarthy
GEN McCarthy, James P.jpg
1 Oct 1989   3 1957 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1935)
121 Hansford T. Johnson
General Hansford Johnson, official military photo, 1990.jpg
1 Oct 1989   3 1959 (USAFA) 30 (born 1936) U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Installations and Environment, 2002–2005.
122 Charles C. McDonald
General Charles C. McDonald, USAF (uncovered).jpg
1 Nov 1989   3 1956 (AFROTC) 33 (1933–2017)
123 Donald J. Kutyna
Donald Kutyna.jpg
1 Apr 1990   2 1957 (USMA) 33 (born 1933)
124 Ronald W. Yates
Gen Ronald W. Yates (cropped).jpg
1 Apr 1990   5 1960 (USAFA) 30 (born 1938)
125 John M. Loh
Gen John Michael Loh.jpg
1 Jun 1990   5 1960 (USAFA) 30 (born 1938)
126 Robert C. Oaks
RobertOaks.jpg
1 Jul 1990   4 1959 (USAFA) 31 (born 1936)
127 George L. Butler
GEN George L Butler.jpg
25 Jan 1991   3 1961 (USAFA) 30 (born 1939)
128 Jimmie V. Adams
Jimmie V Adams.jpg
13 Feb 1991   2 1958 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1936)
129 Michael P. C. Carns
GEN Carns Michael Patrick Chamberlain.jpg
16 May 1991   3 1959 (USAFA) 32 (born 1937)[21]
130 James B. Davis
General James Burr Davis.JPEG
24 Jul 1991   2 1958 (USNA) 33 (born 1935)
131 Chuck A. Horner
Chuck Horner (color).jpg
1 Jul 1992   2 1958 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1936)
132 Ronald R. Fogleman
Ronald R. Fogleman.jpg
1 Sep 1992   5 1963 (USAFA) 29 (born 1942)
133 Charles G. Boyd
Charles G Boyd.jpg
1 Dec 1992   3 1960 (cadet) 32 (1938–2022)
134 Henry Viccellio Jr.
Henry Viccellio.jpg
1 Dec 1992   5 1963 (USAFA) 29 (born 1940)
135 Robert L. Rutherford
Robert L Rutherford.jpg
1 Feb 1993   3 1961 (AFROTC) 32 (1938–2013)
136 Thomas S. Moorman Jr.
Thomas S Moorman Jr.jpg
1 Aug 1994   3 1962 (AFROTC) 32 (1940–2020)
137 James L. Jamerson
James L Jamerson.jpg
1 Sep 1994   4 1963 (USAFA) 31 (born 1941)
138 Joseph W. Ashy
Joseph ashy (cropped).jpg
13 Sep 1994   2 1962 (Texas A&M) 32 (born 1940)
139 John G. Lorber
John G Lorber.jpg
12 Oct 1994   3 1964 (USAFA) 30 (born 1941)
140 Billy J. Boles
Brig. Gen. Billy J. Boles, USAF.JPEG
1 Jul 1995   2 1962 (AFROTC) 33 (1938–2021)
141 Joseph W. Ralston
Joseph Ralston, official military photo.jpg
1 Jul 1995   8 1965 (AFROTC) 30 (born 1943) U.S. Special Envoy for Countering the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), 2006–present. Son-in-law of Air Force four-star general Russell E. Dougherty.
142 Richard E. Hawley
Richard E Hawley.jpg
1 Aug 1995   4 1964 (USAFA) 31 (born 1942)
143 Eugene E. Habiger
Eugene E Habiger.jpg
1 Mar 1996   2 1963 (OTS) 33 (1939–2022) Director of Security and Emergency Operations, U.S. Department of Energy, 1999–2001.
144 Michael E. Ryan
Michael Ryan, official military photo.jpg
4 Apr 1996   5 1965 (USAFA) 31 (born 1941) Son of Air Force four-star general John D. Ryan.
145 Walter Kross
Walter Kross.jpg
1 Aug 1996   2 1964 (OTS) 32 (born 1942)
146 Howell M. Estes III
Howell M Estes III.jpg
1 Oct 1996   2 1965 (USAFA) 31 (born 1941) Son of Air Force four-star general Howell M. Estes Jr.
147 Lloyd W. Newton
Lloyd W Newton.jpg
1 Apr 1997   3 1966 (AFROTC) 31 (born 1942)
148 George T. Babbitt Jr.
George T Babbitt.jpg
1 Jun 1997   3 1965 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1942) Director, Defense Logistics Agency, 1996–1997.
149 Ralph E. Eberhart
Eberhart re.jpg
1 Aug 1997   7 1968 (USAFA) 29 (born 1946)
150 Richard B. Myers
Richard Myers official portrait 2.jpg
1 Sep 1997   8 1965 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1942) President, Kansas State University, 2016–2022. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2005.
151 John A. Gordon
John A Gordon.jpg
31 Oct 1997   3 1968 (AFROTC) 29 (1946–2020) U.S. Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, 1993–1994; U.S. Undersecretary of Energy for Nuclear Security, 2000–2002; Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, 2002–2003; Homeland Security Advisor, 2003–2004.
152 John P. Jumper
John-P-Jumper.jpg
17 Nov 1997   8 1966 (VMI) 31 (born 1945)
153 Charles T. Robertson Jr.
Charles T Robertson Jr.jpg
1 Sep 1998   3 1968 (USAFA) 30 (born 1946)
154 Patrick K. Gamble
Patrick Gamble.jpg
1 Oct 1998   3 1967 (Texas A&M) 31 (born 1945) President, University of Alaska System, 2010–2015.[22]
* Benjamin O. Davis Jr.
GEN Davis, Benjamin O.jpg
9 Dec 1998  
  • (retired)
0 1936 (USMA) 62 (1912–2002)[23] Director of Aviation Security, 1970–1971; U.S. Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Safety and Consumer Affairs, 1971–1975.
155 Lester L. Lyles
Lester L Lyles.jpg
1 Jul 1999   4 1968 (AFROTC) 31 (born 1946) Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, 1996–1999.
156 Gregory S. Martin
Gregory S Martin.jpg
1 Jun 2000   5 1970 (USAFA) 30 (born 1948)[24]
157 John W. Handy
John w handy (cropped).jpg
1 Jul 2000   5 1967 (OTS) 33 (born 1944)
158 Hal M. Hornburg
Hal Hornburg USAF.jpg
1 Aug 2000   4 1968 (Texas A&M) 32 (born 1945)
159 Charles R. Holland
Holland cr.jpg
1 Dec 2000   3 1968 (USAFA) 32 (born 1946)
160 William J. Begert
William J Begert.jpg
1 May 2001   3 1968 (USAFA) 33 (born 1946)
161 Robert H. Foglesong
Robert Foglesong.jpg
5 Nov 2001   4 1972 (AFROTC) 29 (born 1945) President, Mississippi State University, 2006–2008.
162 Donald G. Cook
General Donald G Cook.jpg
17 Dec 2001   4 1969 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1946)
163 Lance W. Lord
Lance W Lord.jpg
19 Apr 2002   4 1968 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1946)
164 Charles F. Wald
Charles F Wald.jpg
1 Jan 2003   4 1971 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1948)
165 T. Michael Moseley
Moseley official photo 6.jpg
1 Oct 2003   5 1971 (Texas A&M) 32 (born 1949) Resigned, 2008.
166 Paul V. Hester
Hester pv.jpg
1 Aug 2004   3 1971 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1947)
167 Michael V. Hayden
Michael Hayden, CIA official portrait.jpg
21 Apr 2005   4 1969 (AFROTC) 36 (born 1945)[26] Director, National Security Agency, 1999–2005.
168 Ronald E. Keys
Gen Ronald E. Keys (2).jpg
27 May 2005   2 1967 (AFROTC) 38 (born 1945)
169 William R. Looney III
William Looney.jpg
1 Aug 2005   3 1972 (USAFA) 33 (born 1949)
170 Bruce A. Carlson
Bruce Carlson.jpg
1 Sep 2005   3 1971 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1949) Director, National Reconnaissance Office, 2009–2012.
171 Norton A. Schwartz
Norton A Schwartz 2008 2.jpg
1 Oct 2005   7 1973 (USAFA) 32 (born 1951) President, Institute for Defense Analyses, 2020–present.
172 John D. W. Corley
General John Corley, official Air Force photo.jpg
1 Nov 2005   4 1973 (USAFA) 32 (born 1951)
173 Lance L. Smith
Lance L Smith.jpg
7 Nov 2005   2 1970 (OTS) 35 (born 1946)
174 Duncan J. McNabb
Mcnabb dj5.jpg
1 Dec 2005   6 1974 (USAFA) 31 (born 1952)
175 William T. Hobbins
Hobbins 2008.jpeg
1 Feb 2006   1 1969 (OTS) 37 (born 1946)
176 Kevin P. Chilton
Kevin P. Chilton.jpg
26 Jun 2006   5 1976 (USAFA) 30 (born 1954) First astronaut to attain rank of general.
177 Victor E. Renuart Jr.
Victor E. Renuart Jr. 2010.jpg
23 Mar 2007   3 1972 (OTS) 35 (born 1949)
178 Arthur J. Lichte
Gen Arthur J. Lichte.jpg
7 Sep 2007   2 1971 (AFROTC) 36 (born 1949)[27]
179 C. Robert Kehler
Kehler 2013.jpg
12 Oct 2007   6 1975 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1952)
180 Carrol H. Chandler
Gen Carrol H. Chandler.jpg
30 Nov 2007   4 1974 (USAFA) 33 (born 1952)
181 Roger A. Brady
Gen Roger A. Brady.jpg
9 Jan 2008   2 1968 (AFROTC) 40 (born 1946)
182 Stephen R. Lorenz
Gen Stephen Lorenz.jpg
2 Jul 2008   2 1973 (USAFA) 35 (born 1951)
183 William M. Fraser III
Fraser TRANSCOM HighRes.jpg
9 Oct 2008   6 1974 (Texas A&M) 34 (born 1952)[28]
184 Craig R. McKinley
General Craig R McKinley.jpg
17 Nov 2008   4 1974 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1952) First National Guard officer to achieve the rank of general.
185 Donald J. Hoffman
General Donald J Hoffman.jpg
21 Nov 2008   4 1974 (USAFA) 34 (born 1952)
186 Douglas M. Fraser
DouglasFraserUSAF.jpg
25 Jun 2009   3 1975 (USAFA) 34 (born 1953)
187 Gary L. North
Gen Gary L. North 2012.JPG
19 Aug 2009   3 1976 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1954)
188 Raymond E. Johns Jr.
General Raymond E. Johns, Jr.jpg
20 Nov 2009   3 1977 (USAFA) 32 (born 1954)
189 Edward A. Rice Jr.
General Edward A Rice.jpg
17 Nov 2010   3 1978 (USAFA) 32 (born 1956)
190 Mark A. Welsh III
Gen Mark A. Welsh III CSAF.jpg
13 Dec 2010   6 1976 (USAFA) 34 (born 1953) Dean, Bush School of Government and Public Service, 2016–present.
191 William L. Shelton
Gen William L Shelton 2012.jpg
5 Jan 2011   3 1976 (USAFA) 35 (born 1954)
192 Philip M. Breedlove
Breedlove 2013 HR.jpg
14 Jan 2011   5 1977 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1955)
193 Gilmary M. Hostage III
Gen Gilmary M. Hostage III (2).jpg
13 Sep 2011   3 1977 (AFROTC) 34 (born 1955)
194 Janet C. Wolfenbarger
Wolfenbarger 2012 2.jpg
5 Jun 2012   3 1980 (USAFA) 32 (born 1958) First woman to achieve the rank of general in the Air Force.
195 Larry O. Spencer
Gen Larry O. Spencer VCSAF.jpg
27 Jul 2012   3 1980 (OTS) 32 (born 1954) Served nine years in the enlisted ranks before receiving his commission in 1980.
196 Herbert J. Carlisle
Carlisle 2015.jpg
2 Aug 2012   5 1978 (USAFA) 34 (born 1957)
197 Paul J. Selva
General Paul J. Selva, USAF (VJCS).jpg
29 Nov 2012   7 1980 (USAFA) 32 (born 1958)
198 Frank Gorenc
Gorenc 2016.jpg
2 Aug 2013   3 1979 (USAFA) 34 (born 1957)
199 Robin Rand
Gen Robin Rand.JPG
10 Oct 2013   5 1979 (USAFA) 34 (born 1958)
200 Darren W. McDew
Gen Darren W. McDew (3).jpg
5 May 2014   4 1982 (VMI) 32 (born 1960)
201 John E. Hyten
Gen John E. Hyten (5).jpg
15 Aug 2014   7 1981 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1959)
202 Lori J. Robinson
Gen Lori J. Robinson (3).jpg
16 Oct 2014   4 1981 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1959) First woman in any service to lead a unified combatant command.
203 Ellen M. Pawlikowski
Gen Ellen Pawlikowski 2015.JPG
8 Jun 2015   3 1978 (AFROTC) 37 (born 1956)
204 Carlton D. Everhart II
Everhart 2018.jpg
11 Aug 2015   3 1983 (Virginia Tech) 32 (born 1961)
205 David L. Goldfein
Gen David L. Goldfein (2).jpg
17 Aug 2015   5 1983 (USAFA) 32 (born 1959)
206 Terrence J. O’Shaughnessy
O
12 Jul 2016   4 1986 (USAFA) 30 (born 1964)
207 Stephen W. Wilson
General Stephen W. “Seve” Wilson.jpg
22 Jul 2016   4 1981 (Texas A&M) 35 (born 1959/1960)
208 Joseph L. Lengyel
Gen Lengyel (2016 4-Star Photo).jpg
3 Aug 2016   4 1981 (AFROTC) 35 (born 1959)
209 Tod D. Wolters
Gen. Tod D. Wolters SACEUR.jpg
11 Aug 2016   6 1982 (USAFA) 34 (born c. 1961)
210 John W. Raymond
Gen John W. Raymond (2).jpg
25 Oct 2016   3 1984 (AFROTC) 32 (born 1962)[29] Chief of Space Operations, 2019–2022.
211 James M. Holmes
Gen James M. Holmes.jpg
10 Mar 2017   3 1981 (OTS) 36 (born 1957)
212 Charles Q. Brown Jr.
CQ Brown CSAF 2020.jpg
26 Jul 2018   5 1985 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1962)
213 Timothy M. Ray
Gen. Timothy M. Ray.jpg
21 Aug 2018   3 1985 (USAFA) 33 (born 1963)
214 Maryanne Miller
General Maryanne Miller (AMC).jpg
7 Sep 2018   2 1981 (AFROTC) 37 (born 1961) First Air Force Reserve officer to achieve the rank of general.
215 Jeffrey L. Harrigian
Gen. Jeffrey L. Harrigian (2).jpg
1 May 2019   3 1985 (USAFA) 34 (born c. 1962)
216 Arnold W. Bunch Jr.
Gen. Arnold W. Bunch, Jr.jpg
31 May 2019   3 1984 (USAFA) 35 (born 1962)[30]
217 Kenneth S. Wilsbach
Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach.jpg
8 Jul 2020   3 1985 (AFROTC) 35 (born c. 1963)
218 Glen D. VanHerck
Gen Glen D. VanHerck.jpg
20 Aug 2020   3 1987 (AFROTC) 33 (born 1962)
219 Jacqueline Van Ovost
Gen Jacqueline Van Ovost USTRANSCOM.jpg
20 Aug 2020   3 1988 (USAFA) 32 (born 1965)
220 Mark D. Kelly
Gen Mark D. Kelly ACC.jpg
28 Aug 2020   3 1986 (AFROTC) 34 (born c. 1962)
221 David W. Allvin
Gen David W. Allvin (2).jpg
12 Nov 2020[31]   3 1986 (USAFA) 34 (born c. 1963)
222 Anthony J. Cotton
Gen Anthony J. Cotton (2).jpg
27 Aug 2021   2 1986 (AFROTC) 35
223 Michael A. Minihan
Minihan AMC 2021.jpg
5 Oct 2021   2 1989 (AFROTC) 32 (born c. 1967)
224 Duke Z. Richardson
Gen Duke Z. Richardson.jpg
13 Jun 2022   1 1989 (OTS) 33 (born c. 1964)
225 James B. Hecker
Gen James B. Hecker.jpg
27 Jun 2022   1 1989 (USAFA) 33
226 Thomas A. Bussiere
Gen Thomas A. Bussiere.jpg
7 Dec 2022   1 1985 (Norwich) 37 (born c. 1963)

History

Four-star positions

Structure of the United States Air ForceStructure of the United States Air ForceStructure of the United States Air Forcefederal government of the United StatesUnited States Intelligence Communitycombined operationsNational Guard (United States)Unified combatant commandUnified combatant commandJoint Chiefs of StaffIraq WarWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021)Gulf WarVietnam WarKorean WarCold WarWorld War II

1943–1991

Retired Air Force Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. is pinned with his fourth star on 10 December 1998.
Retired Air Force Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. is pinned with his fourth star on 10 December 1998.

The modern rank of general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance to carry that rank. Officers appointed to such positions bear temporary four-star rank while so serving, and are allowed to retire at that rank if their performance is judged satisfactory.[32] The total number of active-duty four-star generals in the Air Force is limited to a fixed percentage of the number of Air Force general officers serving at all ranks.[33]

Within the Air Force, the chief of staff (CSAF) and vice chief of staff (VCSAF) are four-star generals by statute. Other four-star generals occupy positions of designated importance; historically, these have included the commanders responsible for strategic bombers and nuclear missiles (SAC/STRATCOM); tactical air combat (TAC/ACC); air transport (MAC/TRANSCOM); North American aerospace defense (NORAD); the Air Force formations in Europe and the Pacific; and other training, readiness, and materiel organizations.

The Air Force also competes with the other services for a number of joint four-star positions, such as the chairman (CJCS) and vice chairman (VJCS) of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Other joint four-star positions have included unified combatant commanders and certain NATO staff positions.

Robert C. OaksJohn M. LohRonald W. YatesDonald Y. KutynaCharles C. McDonaldHansford T. JohnsonJames P. McCarthyMichael J. DuganMerrill A. McPeakJohn A. ShaudAlfred G. HansenBernard P. RandolphWilliam L. KirkMonroe W. Hatch Jr.Jack I. GregoryThomas C. RichardsRobert H. ReedDuane H. CassidyJohn L. PiotrowskiJohn T. Chain Jr.Robert D. RussEarl T. O'LoughlinCharles L. Donnelly Jr.Robert W. BazleyRobert T. HerresLarry D. WelchLawrence A. SkantzeJames E. DaltonAndrew P. IosueBilly M. MinterJerome F. O'MalleyJames V. HartingerJames P. MullinsThomas M. Ryan Jr.Robert T. MarshCharles A. GabrielRichard L. LawsonRobert C. MathisWilliam Y. SmithBennie L. DavisJohn W. PaulyJames A. HillWilbur L. CreechAlton D. SlayBryce Poe IIJames E. HillJames R. AllenLew Allen Jr.William G. Moore Jr.John W. RobertsRobert E. HuyserDaniel James Jr.F. Michael RogersWilliam J. Evans (general)William V. McBrideLouis T. SeithLouis L. Wilson Jr.Timothy F. O'KeefeRobert J. DixonRichard H. EllisSamuel C. PhillipsGeorge J. EadePaul K. CarltonGeorge B. SimlerRussell E. DoughertyJohn W. VogtDavid C. JonesJohn D. LavelleTheodore R. MiltonLucius D. Clay Jr.Jack J. CattonJohn C. MeyerSeth J. McKeeJoseph R. HolzappleGeorge S. BrownHorace M. WadeJack G. MerrellWilliam W. MomyerThomas Patrick GerrityJoseph J. NazzaroMaurice A. PrestonDavid A. BurchinalJames Ferguson (general)Raymond J. ReevesWilliam S. StoneBruce K. HollowayKenneth B. HobsonWilliam H. BlanchardJohn D. RyanHowell M. Estes Jr.Hunter Harris Jr.Gabriel P. DisoswayJoe W. KellyJacob E. SmartRobert M. LeeJohn P. McConnell (general)Mark E. BradleyDean C. StrotherJohn K. GerhartBernard A. SchrieverWalter C. Sweeney Jr.William F. McKeeTruman H. LandonFrederic H. Smith Jr.Emmett O'Donnell Jr.Samuel E. AndersonCharles P. CabellLeon W. JohnsonFrank F. EverestThomas S. PowerLaurence S. KuterOrval R. CookEarle E. PartridgeEdwin W. RawlingsThomas D. WhiteOtto P. WeylandLauris NorstadCurtis E. LeMayBenjamin W. ChidlawJohn K. CannonNathan F. TwiningMuir S. FairchildHoyt S. VandenbergCarl A. SpaatzGeorge C. KenneyJoseph T. McNarneyHenry H. ArnoldGulf WarVietnam WarKorean WarCold WarWorld War II

1991–present

Thomas A. BussiereJames B. HeckerDuke Z. RichardsonMichael A. MinihanAnthony J. CottonDavid W. AllvinMark D. KellyJacqueline Van OvostGlen D. VanHerckKenneth S. WilsbachArnold W. Bunch Jr.Jeffrey L. HarrigianMaryanne MillerTimothy M. RayCharles Q. Brown Jr.James M. HolmesJohn W. RaymondTod D. WoltersJoseph L. LengyelStephen W. WilsonTerrence J. O’ShaughnessyDavid L. GoldfeinCarlton D. Everhart IIEllen M. PawlikowskiLori RobinsonJohn E. HytenDarren W. McDewRobin RandFrank GorencPaul J. SelvaHerbert J. CarlisleLarry O. SpencerJanet C. WolfenbargerGilmary M. Hostage IIIPhilip M. BreedloveWilliam L. SheltonMark A. Welsh IIIEdward A. Rice Jr.Raymond E. Johns Jr.Gary L. NorthDouglas M. FraserDonald J. HoffmanCraig R. McKinleyWilliam M. Fraser IIIStephen R. LorenzRoger A. BradyCarrol H. ChandlerC. Robert KehlerArthur J. LichteVictor E. Renuart Jr.Kevin P. ChiltonWilliam T. HobbinsDuncan J. McNabbLance L. SmithJohn D.W. CorleyNorton A. SchwartzBruce CarlsonWilliam R. Looney IIIRonald E. KeysMichael V. HaydenPaul V. HesterT. Michael MoseleyCharles F. WaldLance W. LordDonald G. Cook (general)Robert H. FoglesongWilliam J. BegertCharles R. HollandHal M. HornburgJohn W. HandyGregory S. MartinLester L. LylesPatrick K. GambleCharles T. Robertson Jr.John P. JumperJohn A. GordonRichard B. MyersRalph E. EberhartGeorge T. Babbitt Jr.Lloyd W. NewtonHowell M. Estes IIIWalter KrossMichael E. RyanEugene E. HabigerRichard E. HawleyJoseph W. RalstonBilly J. BolesJohn G. LorberJoseph W. AshyJames L. JamersonThomas S. Moorman Jr.Robert L. RutherfordHenry Viccellio Jr.Charles G. BoydRonald R. FoglemanCharles A. HornerJames B. DavisMichael P.C. CarnsJimmie V. AdamsGeorge L. ButlerRobert C. OaksJohn M. LohRonald W. YatesDonald Y. KutynaCharles C. McDonaldHansford T. JohnsonJames P. McCarthyMerrill A. McPeakIraq WarWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

See also

References

  1. ^ Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force registers of active and retired commissioned officers, or from the World Almanac and Book of Facts. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to general.
  2. ^ Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to general. Dates listed are for the officer's full tenure, which may predate promotion to four-star rank or postdate retirement from active duty.
  3. ^ a b The number of years of active-duty service at four-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. For those presently in their position, values are as of 2020. Time spent between active-duty four-star assignments is not counted, nor is time spent on special duty as an unassigned general of the Army or general of the Air Force.
  4. ^ Sources of commission are listed in parentheses after the year of commission and include: the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA); the United States Military Academy (USMA); the United States Naval Academy (USNA); Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university; Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) at a civilian university; ROTC or AFROTC at a senior military college such as Texas A&M University (Texas A&M), the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), or Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI); Air Force Officer Training School (OTS); Officer Candidate School (OCS); the aviation cadet program (cadet); the Army National Guard (ARNG); the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF); and direct commission (direct).
  5. ^ a b The number of years in commission before being promoted to four-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
  6. ^ Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, or honors of similar significance; major government appointments; university presidencies or equivalents; familial relationships with other four-star officers or significant government officials such as U.S. Presidents, cabinet secretaries, U.S. Senators, or state governors; and unusual career events such as premature relief or death in office.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Served in this position while in the United States Army.
  8. ^ "General Orders No. 22". Headquarters, U.S. Air Force (digitized by NARA). 26 July 1945. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Letter on Assignment of General Carl Spaatz as Deputy to the Commanding General, Army Air Forces for Special Organizational Planning". Headquarters, U.S. Air Force (digitized by NARA). 4 December 1945. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  10. ^ Nomination as chairman, Civil Aeronautics Board withdrawn, 1948.
  11. ^ Retired as general, 31 July 1961; recalled as general, Sep 1961; retired as general, 30 April 1965.
  12. ^ "Congressional Record" (PDF). 11 July 1958. p. 13456. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  13. ^ Relieved, Apr 1972, and retired as major general.
  14. ^ Major Wheatley (9 November 1977). "Staff Summary Sheet, 9 November 1977". Headquarters, U.S. Air Force (digitized by NARA). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  15. ^ Appointed Commander, Military Airlift Command (COMAC), effective 12 September 1972; died in air crash, 9 Sep 1972; posthumously promoted to general with date of rank 16 August 1972.
  16. ^ Transferred from Royal Canadian Air Force, 1943.
  17. ^ Transferred from Army National Guard, 1952.
  18. ^ Transferred from Signal Corps Reserve, 1920; resigned, 1930; recalled 1940; reverted to inactive reserve, 1946; retired as lieutenant general, Feb 1959; advanced to general on the retired list, 4 April 1985.
  19. ^ Retired as major general, Aug 1947; advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 June 1948; advanced to general on the retired list, 26 April 1985.
  20. ^ "Senate panel opposes increase in fired Air Force chief's pension". The Baltimore Sun. 31 October 1990. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  21. ^ Nomination as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) withdrawn, 1995.
  22. ^ "2010- 2015 Patrick K Gamble | UA Journey". University of Alaska. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  23. ^ Retired as lieutenant general, Feb 1970; advanced to general on the retired list, 9 December 1998.
  24. ^ Nomination as Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM) withdrawn, 2004.
  25. ^ Hayden continued serving as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency as a civilian for a year after retiring from the Air Force in 2008.
  26. ^ Retired as general, 1 July 2008; remained Director, Central Intelligence Agency (DCIA) as civilian.
  27. ^ Retired as general, 1 January 2010; retroactively demoted to major general on the retired list, 1 February 2017.
  28. ^ First nomination as Commander, U.S. Transportation Command (CDRUSTRANSCOM) withdrawn, 2008.
  29. ^ Transferred to U.S. Space Force, 20 December 2019.
  30. ^ First nomination as commander, Air Force Materiel Command (COMAFMC) returned to the President, 2019.
  31. ^ Allvin's effective date-of-rank is 12 November 2020, which is four days before he assumed the office of vice chief of staff.
  32. ^ 10 USC 601, Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals
  33. ^ 10 USC 525, Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades

Bibliography