Ambassador of the United States to the Netherlands
Ambassadeur van de Verenigde Staten in Nederland
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent
Shefali Razdan Duggal
since October 19, 2022
SeatEmbassy of the United States, The Hague
NominatorThe President of the United States
Inaugural holderJohn Adams
as Minister Plenipotentiary
FormationApril 19, 1782
Websitenl.usembassy.gov

The United States diplomatic mission to the Netherlands consists of the embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam.

In 1782, John Adams was appointed America's first Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland. According to the United States Department of State, the same year came formal recognition by the Netherlands of the United States as a separate and independent nation, along with badly needed financial help that indicated faith in its future. These loans from the United Provinces, which have been called "the Marshall Plan in reverse," were the first the new government received. Adams purchased a home in the Hague at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 (located within Uilebomen, The Hague Center), as the first U.S. embassy.[1]

The current American Embassy building in The Hague opened on January 29, 2018.[2] Notable Americans such as former Presidents Adams and John Quincy Adams, General Hugh Ewing and Iraq Envoy L. Paul Bremer have held the title of Ambassador.

Besides the embassy, a U.S. consulate-general is located on Curaçao which is responsible for the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean.[3] This consulate is not part of the U.S. diplomatic mission to the Netherlands.

April 19, the day John Adams presented his credentials in the Hague, was declared by President Ronald Reagan to be memorialized as "Dutch-American Friendship Day".[4]

Ambassadors

U.S. diplomatic terms

Career FSO
After 1915, The United States Department of State began classifying ambassadors as career Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) for those who have served in the Foreign Service for a specified amount of time.

Political appointee
A person who is not a career foreign service officer, but is appointed by the president (often as a reward to political friends).

Appointed
The date that the ambassador took the oath of office; also known as "commissioning". It follows confirmation of a presidential appointment by the Senate, or a Congressional recess appointment by the president. In the case of a recess appointment, the ambassador requires subsequent confirmation by the Senate to remain in office.

Presented credentials
The date that the ambassador presented his letter of credence to the head of state or appropriate authority of the receiving nation. At this time the ambassador officially becomes the representative of his country. This would normally occur a short time after the ambassador's arrival on station. The host nation may reject the ambassador by not receiving the ambassador's letter, but this occurs only rarely.

Terminated mission
Usually the date that the ambassador left the country. In some cases a letter of recall is presented, ending the ambassador's commission, either as a means of diplomatic protest or because the diplomat is being reassigned elsewhere and replaced by another envoy.

Chargé d'affaires
The person in charge of the business of the embassy when there is no ambassador commissioned to the host country.

Ad interim
Latin phrase meaning "for the time being", "in the meantime".
The former building of the Embassy of the United States, The Hague
# Name[5] Type[5] Start date[6] End date[6]
1 John Adams MP April 19, 1782 March 30, 1788
2 William Livingston MP [7]
3 John Rutledge MP [7]
4 William Short MP June 18, 1792 December 19, 1792
5 John Quincy Adams MP November 6, 1794 June 20, 1797
6 William Vans Murray MP June 20, 1797 September 2, 1801
7 William Eustis EE/MP July 20, 1815 May 5, 1818
8 Alexander H. Everett Chd'Aff January 4, 1819 April 7, 1824
9 Christopher Hughes Chd'Aff July 10, 1826 January 28, 1830
10 William Pitt Preble EE/MP January 28, 1830 May 2, 1831
11 Auguste Davezac Chd'Aff December 30, 1831 July 13, 1839
12 Harmanus Bleecker Chd'Aff July 13, 1839 August 22, 1842
13 Christopher Hughes Chd'Aff August 22, 1842 June 28, 1845
14 Auguste Davezac Chd'Aff June 28, 1845 September 16, 1850
15 George Folsom Chd'Aff September 16, 1850 October 11, 1853
16 August Belmont Chd'Aff October 11, 1853 September 26, 1854
MR September 26, 1854 September 22, 1857
17 Henry C. Murphy MR September 24, 1857 June 8, 1861
18 James S. Pike MR June 8, 1861 May 29, 1866
19 Daniel E. Sickles MR [7]
20 John A. Dix MR [7]
21 Albert Rhodes Chd'Aff October 19, 1866 December 1, 1866
22 Hugh Ewing MR December 1, 1866 October 31, 1870
23 Joseph P. Root MR [8]
24 Charles T. Gorham MR December 15, 1870 July 9, 1875
25 Francis B. Stockbridge MR [9]
26 James Birney MR March 29, 1876 April 20, 1882
27 William L. Dayton, Jr. MR September 26, 1882 June 8, 1885
28 Isaac Bell, Jr. MR June 8, 1885 April 29, 1888
29 Robert B. Roosevelt MR August 10, 1888 September 26, 1888
EE/MP September 26, 1888 May 17, 1889
30 Samuel R. Thayer EE/MP May 24, 1889 August 7, 1893
31 William E. Quinby EE/MP August 11, 1893 July 26, 1897
32 Stanford Newel EE/MP August 19, 1897 June 30, 1905
33 David J. Hill EE/MP July 15, 1905 June 1, 1908
34 Arthur M. Beaupre EE/MP June 15, 1908 September 25, 1911
35 Lloyd Bryce EE/MP November 16, 1911 September 10, 1913
36 Henry van Dyke EE/MP October 15, 1913 January 11, 1917
37 John W. Garrett EE/MP October 11, 1917 June 18, 1919
38 William Phillips EE/MP April 23, 1920 April 11, 1922
39 Richard M. Tobin EE/MP May 1, 1923 August 29, 1929
40 Gerrit John Diekema EE/MP November 20, 1929 December 20, 1930[10]
41 Laurits S. Swenson EE/MP April 29, 1931 March 5, 1934
42 Grenville T. Emmet EE/MP March 21, 1934 August 21, 1937
43 George A. Gordon EE/MP September 10, 1937 July 16, 1940[11]
44 Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr.[12] EE/MP March 27, 1941 May 8, 1942
AE/P May 8, 1942 December 1, 1943
45 Stanley K. Hornbeck[12] AE/P December 8, 1944 March 7, 1947
46 Herman B. Baruch AE/P April 12, 1947 August 26, 1949
47 Selden Chapin AE/P October 27, 1949 October 30, 1953
48 H. Freeman Matthews AE/P November 25, 1953 June 11, 1957
49 Philip Young AE/P June 27, 1957 December 20, 1960
50 John S. Rice AE/P May 6, 1961 May 27, 1964
51 William R. Tyler AE/P June 23, 1965 June 20, 1969
52 J. William Middendorf II AE/P July 9, 1969 June 10, 1973
53 Kingdon Gould, Jr. AE/P October 18, 1973 September 30, 1976
54 Robert J. McCloskey AE/P October 22, 1976 March 10, 1978
55 Geri M. Joseph AE/P September 6, 1978 June 17, 1981
56 William J. Dyess AE/P September 2, 1982 July 19, 1983
57 L. Paul Bremer AE/P August 31, 1983 August 25, 1986
58 John Shad AE/P June 24, 1987 February 23, 1989
59 C. Howard Wilkins, Jr. AE/P July 13, 1989 July 11, 1992
60 K. Terry Dornbush AE/P March 16, 1994 July 28, 1998
61 Cynthia P. Schneider AE/P September 2, 1998 June 17, 2001
62 Clifford Sobel AE/P December 6, 2001 August 24, 2005
63 Roland Arnall AE/P Mar 8, 2006 March 7, 2008
64 James Culbertson AE/P July 10, 2008 January 20, 2009
65 Fay Hartog-Levin AE/P August 19, 2009 September 1, 2011
66 Timothy M. Broas AE/P March 19, 2014 February 12, 2016
67 Adam Sterling Chd'Aff February 12, 2016 July 29, 2016
68 Shawn P. Crowley Chd'Aff July 29, 2016[13] January 10, 2018
69 Pete Hoekstra AE/P January 10, 2018 January 17, 2021
70 Marja Verloop Chd'Aff January 17, 2021 July 4, 2022
71 Aleisha Woodward Chd'Aff July 4, 2022 October, 18, 2022
72 Shefali Razdan Duggal AE/P October 19, 2022 Present

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dutch American Friendship Day / Heritage Day". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  2. ^ "U.S. Embassy moving to Wassenaar". January 19, 2018.
  3. ^ "welcome". Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  4. ^ Eschner, Kat. "John Adams Was the United States' First Ambassador as Well as Its Second President". Smithsonian. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  5. ^ a b [1] Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b "Nations - Netherlands". AllGov. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d He declined his appointment.
  8. ^ His nomination was withdrawn.
  9. ^ He took the oath of office, but he never proceeded to the post.
  10. ^ He died at his post.
  11. ^ He left with a special ambassador train from The Hague on the July 16. This train was specially meant for ambassadors and their families. See for a picture of ambassador Gordon in this train: http://www.haagsebeeldbank.nl/
  12. ^ a b He served in England.
  13. ^ U.S. Chargé d'affaires in The Hague accredited, diplomat magazine.nl, 2016/08/04 (in English).

External links

Ambassadors of the United States
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