Over 7,500 cultivars of the culinary or eating apple (Malus domestica) are known.[1] Some are extremely important economically as commercial products, though the vast majority are not suitable for mass production. In the following list, use for "eating" means that the fruit is consumed raw, rather than cooked. Cultivars used primarily for making cider are indicated. Those varieties marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[2]
This list does not include the species and varieties of apples collectively known as crab apples, which are grown primarily for ornamental purposes, though they may be used to make jelly or compote. These are described under Malus.
A dessert apple. First introduced under the name "Norfolk Pippin". Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Cells obovate, abaxile. Flesh pale yellow, crisp,fine-textured, firm, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good.
A green apple with red flush. Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Parentage Calville blanc d'Hiver x Alexander. Flesh; aromatic, subacid to sweet. VitC 10. Cold Storage 0oC 150 days.
Eating
PickE mid-September. PickG mid–late October. Use November–January.
A large red apple. Flesh firm, juicy, sweet, very good. Tree vigorous.
Eating
Admiral
Czech Republic
2012
New very popular variety. Flesh firm, crisp, juicy with very good taste. Robust, healthy, scab resistant variety with excellent keeping qualities and taste.
Early dessert apple. Medium size. Yellow with brown-red flush. Award of Merit from RHS in 1932. Flesh; greenish white, soft, fine-textured, juicy, aromatic.
A yellow conical apple with red stripes. Width 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in), height 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in), weight 110–150 g (3.9–5.3 oz). Flesh juicy, subacid.
A large, conic apple. Light yellow-green skin strewn with white dots, occasionally with a faint reddish orange blush. Light pink to deep red flesh is crisp, sweet and mildly tart.
Apple is egg-shaped, medium to large in size, sweet and aromatic. Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). Grown mostly in Sweden and Estonia.
Tree vigorous. Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh is yellow, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, good to very good.
Albrechtapfel (a.k.a. Prinz Albrecht von Preussen)[19][3][7]
Germany
1865
Parentage Alexander x unknown. Width 60–85 mm (2.4–3.3 in), height 55–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in), weight 80–200 g (2.8–7.1 oz). Stalk 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in). Flesh is soft, juicy, subacid. Cold Storage 4oC 90 days. VitC 9. Density 0.76
Eating, cooking
PickG late September–mid-October. Use October–December
A golden yellow apple. Width 90 mm (3.5 in), height 71 mm (2.8 in). Stalk short to medium. Flesh is white, very firm,coarse-textured, crisp, moderately juicy, acid.
Baking
Pick mid-September; use October–December
Alexander (a.k.a. Emperor Alexander, de. Kaiser Alexander, fr. Grand-Alexandre, pl. Aporta, ru. Aporta, Gusevkoe, Aport ukraininskii, Aport osennii)[6][23][30][25][26][31][32][33][12][16]
Russia
<1800
A very large apple. Width 95–110 mm (3.7–4.3 in), height 75–90 mm (3.0–3.5 in). Stalk 11–18 mm (0.43–0.71 in). Cells ovate, axile. Flesh is a faint yellow, firm, crisp, very soft, mild subacid, fair to good. Tree is vigorous. Particularly attractive blossom.
Raised at Uckfield Sussex by Mr Shepherd.[who?] A large acid green apple. Flesh; pale yellow, crisp, yellow, subacid, pear-like flavour. Cells elliptical, abaxile. Award of Merit from RHS in 1920. Width 83 mm (3.3 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in).
A versatile English dessert apple raised by horticulturalistThomas Laxton some time before 1884. Exhibited as Brown's South Lincoln Beauty, the name was changed to Allington Pippin by Bunyard Nursery in 1896. A cross of Cox's Orange Pippin and King of the Pippins. Flesh is creamy white, fine textured, aromatic, with a pineapple-like flavour. The apple keeps its shape when cooked. Width 68–74 mm (2.7–2.9 in), height 61–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in), stalk 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in). First Class Certificate from RHS in 1894. Cold storage 2oC 120 days.
Eating, cooking, dessert
PickE late September–early October; use October–February
Medium to large in size, mostly red coloration with yellow patches. Has cream-coloured flesh with a sweet, crisp, aromatic flavour and low acidity. Ambrosia trees are hardy and no major disadvantages have yet been identified.
Tree vigorous, productive, annual bearer. Stalk short. Flesh is yellowish, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good.
Eating
PickE mid- to late October. Use December–April
American Golden Pippin (a.k.a. Golden Pippin, Ribbed Pippin, Golding, New York Greening, Newtown Greening, Golden Apple)[8]
US
Before 1850
Yellow with russet. Flesh is yellowish, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good. Width 79 mm (3.1 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Tree does not bear young.
Eating
Use November–February
American Golden Russet (a.k.a. Golden Russet, Sheep Nose, Bullock's Pippin, Little Pearmain)[11][26]
US
Late 1700s
Yellow with brown overcolour and grey russet. Width 64–74 mm (2.5–2.9 in), height 58–72 mm (2.3–2.8 in). Stalk 13–23 mm (0.51–0.91 in). Flesh is yellowish, tender, juicy sugary, lightly aromatic, best.
Eating
PickE early to mid-October. Use October–January
American Melon (see Melon American)
American Mother (see Mother)
American Summer Pearmain (see Summer Pearmain American)
Parentage Gala x Anna. A yellow apple with (30–40%) red flush. Flesh is juicy, sweet, very good. Tree vigorous.
Eating
Ananas Reinette(cs. Ananasová reneta, de. Ananas Renette, fr. Reinette ananas, pl. Reneta Ananasowa, ru. Ananasnîi renet)[3][23][36][14][15][34][16]
Netherlands
Before 1800
A small yellow apple with pineapple flavor. Width 48–65 mm (1.9–2.6 in), height 52–65 mm (2.0–2.6 in). Weight 115 g (4.1 oz). Stalk 11–20 mm (0.43–0.79 in). Flesh is crisp, juicy, aromatic, acid. VitC 21.
Eating, juice
PickE early October. PickG mid- to late October. Use December–February
Colour is yellow with a red blush. Parentage Red Hadassiya x Golden Delicious. This variety does not grow well in the cold and prefers heat and humidity. Tree is annually productive.
Very old apple; possibly one of the oldest of all. Believed to be much older than first mention in Pasquale's Manuale di Arboricultura, 1876. May be related to apples found in frescoes found in Herculaneum or Pompeii if not the same one.[40]
Eating
PickE late October. Use November–January.
Antonovka (a.k.a. Possarts Nalivia, cs. Antonowka, de. Antonowka, fr. Antonovca, pl. Antónówka zwykla, ru. Antonoka Obîknovennaia)[23][31][27][16]
Kursk, Russia
Before 1800
A very old Russian variety, often planted at dachas. Apples are large, yellow-green and bracingly tart to eat out of hand, but superb for cooking, as they keep their shape. Width 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in), height 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Extremely tolerant of cold weather, and because it produces a single, deep taproot (unusual among apple trees), Antonovka is propagated for use as a rootstock. Antonovka rootstock provides a cold-hardy (to −45 °C (−49 °F)), well-anchored, vigorous, standard-sized tree. C 15.
Very tiny apple. Would fit in the palm of the hand of an adult. Width 52–56 mm (2.0–2.2 in), height 32–42 mm (1.3–1.7 in). Stalk 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in).
Cox's Orange Pippin × Geheimrat Dr. Oldenburg. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 59 mm (2.3 in), weight 140 g (4.9 oz). Stalk 13 mm (0.51 in). Flesh is soft, juicy, aromatic, subacid to sweet.
A red oblong conical apple. Width 61 mm (2.4 in), height 66 mm (2.6 in). Weight 118 g (4.2 oz). Flesh soft, juicy, sweet, subacid, with a pronounced flavour.
Medium-sized long-keeping dessert apple. Award of Merit from RHS in 1910. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk variable. Flesh; creamy white, firm, slightly aromatic flavour. Tree vigorous.
Eating
PickE late September–early October; use October–January
Hard and crunchy; stores well. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Very deep red, appearing black from a distance. Flesh is yellow, firm, tender, juicy, subacid, crisp, good.
Eating
Pick45 October 22. Pick55 October 15. PickE late October. Use December–May
A yellow apple with a pleasant aroma reminiscent of gravenstein. Width 77–85 mm (3.0–3.3 in), height 66–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in). Stalk 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in). Flesh is firm, dry, aromatic, subacid. Tree vigorous.
Width 80–88 mm (3.1–3.5 in), height 48–76 mm (1.9–3.0 in). Stalk 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in). Large golden cooker: prone to mildew but scab resistant. Award of Merit from RHS in 1912. Flesh is creamy white, coarse-textured, dry, subacid. Parentage Alfriston x unknown.
Parentage Gascoyne's Scarlet x Cox Orange. A yellow apple with red flush. Width 82 mm (3.2 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk medium. Flesh is white, firm, fine textured, very juicy, acid.
Flesh is pale yellow, juicy, subacid and very aromatic. Width 54–64 mm (2.1–2.5 in), height 54–57 mm (2.1–2.2 in). Stalk 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in). Cells obovate, axile, slit.
Dessert apple; medium size, sweet, juicy, crisp, firm, very long storage life. Width 83 mm (3.3 in), height 77 mm (3.0 in). Weight 265–288 g (9.3–10.2 oz). Stalk 21–33 mm (0.83–1.30 in). P Splendour x Gala. SS 14.2, TA 0.58-0.75.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Tree vigorous. Flesh is white to greenish yellow, subacid. Quality: cooking good, eating fair.
The Autumn Glory variety is a hybrid of the Fuji (apple) and the Golden Delicious apple, featuring a red over golden background. Very sweet, firm flesh with a subtle "cinnamon" flavor. Produced only by Domex Superfresh Growers in Washington's Yakima Valley.
Green with russet and red overcolour. width 67–72 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 60–68 mm (2.4–2.7 in). Stalk 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in). Cells obovate, axile. Flesh is creamy white, fairly firm, nutty and slightly aromatic.
Red apple with considerable white flecks. Has some russeting. Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 74 mm (2.9 in). Stalk 21 mm (0.83 in). Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, very sweet, very good.
Flesh yellowish white, crisp, sweet to subacid flavor, very good. Width 76–81 mm (3.0–3.2 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Tree vigorous. Very old variety for North America. Makes much juice. Cold storage 0oC 150 days. TRI DBH 160.
Cooking, Eating
Pick50 October 14. PickE mid-October. Use November–March
A green-yellow apple with red flush and russet. P Cox Orange x Sturmer Pippin. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, aromatic. Tree vigorous. AM from RHS in 1923.
A medium-sized eating apple with a unique lemon aroma. Sweet and juicy. Skin color red over gold. Very disease resistant. Single tree discovered on Bardsey island in 1998, age of original tree unknown. May have monastic origins.
Medium-sized apple. Yellow, 25-75% flushed with orange red. AM from RHS in 1899. FCC from RHS in 1909. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). Flesh; creamy white, very firm, crisp, fine-textured, juicy, subcaid to sweet.
Eating
PickE late September–early October. Use December–March
A green apple with red flush. Russet in stalk cavity. Width 50 mm (2.0 in), height 50 mm (2.0 in), weight 80 g (2.8 oz). Tree vigorous. Flesh acidic with poor aroma.
Medium size. Skin brilliant crimson. Width 66 mm (2.6 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Weight 110 g (3.9 oz). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Cells, oblate, axile, open. Flesh; crisp, subacid. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1878. Cold Storage 2oC 180 days. VitC 16. Density 0.83
Cooking, eating
PickE late September. PickG early October. Use December–March
A large dual purpose apple. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk medium. Cells obovate, axile. The tree is hardy, vigorous, a most abundant bearer. Flesh; pale yellow, coarse-textured, dry, subacid.
Cooking, eating
PickE late September–early October; use November–March
Width 59–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in), height 44–51 mm (1.7–2.0 in). Stalk 9–12 mm (0.35–0.47 in). Deep red flush and streaks of red with a little russet. Early maturing but short season. Formerly grown commercially in England for local markets. FCC from RHS in 1887. Good flavor in its home climate if it is eaten soon after picking. Poor flavour if distributed long distances and stored for weeks, so now rare. Flesh; creamy white, soft, very juicy, subacid. VitC 14.
A yellow apple with orange-red flush. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk variable. Flesh very crisp, yellowish juicy, highly aromatic. Triploid.
Eating
PickE late September–early October; use November–February
Old culinary apple, very irregular, ribbed. Width 90 mm (3.5 in), height 83 mm (3.3 in). Cells, roundish obovate, abaxile. AM from RHS in 1901. Flesh yellowish, tender, subacid. TRI
Width 73–95 mm (2.9–3.7 in), height 67–87 mm (2.6–3.4 in), weight 205 g (7.2 oz). Stalk 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in). Flesh acid and aromatic. Tree vigorous. Particularly attractive blossom. AM from RHS in 1897. VitC 10–17. Density 0.83 TRI
Cooking, baking
PickE early October. PickG mid-October. Pickg September 23–October 15. Use January–April
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 68–74 mm (2.7–2.9 in), height 49–54 mm (1.9–2.1 in). Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Flesh white, crisp, juicy, aromatic, sweet.
Cooking, eating
Use January–April
Belle de Pontoise(cs. Pontoiské, de. Schöner aus Pontoise, ru. Pontuazskaia krasvitța)[30][32][6][13][16]
France
1869, introduced 1879
Large flat-round apple. Greenish-yellow, 25–75% flushed with red. Biennial. Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 64–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Flesh white, sweet, juicy. Tree vigorous.
Cooking.
PickE mid-October; use November–March
Bellefleur Kitaika (cs. Krasokvet Kitajka, pl. Bellfleur Kitajka) [16]
Russia
1914
Width 100 mm, height 85 mm. Flesh, white, soft, sweet.
Width 82 mm (3.2 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk short to medium. Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic. Very good. Tree vigorous, healthy, very productive.
Eating
Use November–February
Ben Davis(a.k.a. New York Pippin, Victoria Pippin, Victoria Red, Red Pippin, Kentucky Pippin, Baltimore Red, Baltimore Pippin)[9][26][25][55]
Southeastern US
c. 1800
Width 77 mm, height 80mm. Noted for keeping well prior to refrigerated storage, but flavour has been compared with cork.
A small orange-yellow apple with red overcolour. Width 57–59 mm (2.2–2.3 in), height 53 mm (2.1 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Cells obovate, axile, closed. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good to very good. BB. DBH 110.
Eating
Pick50 August 23. PickE late August. Use August–September
Medium to large apple. Slightly ribbed. Skin flushed and striped dark red. Flesh pale yellow, sweet, aromatic. P Devonshire Quarrenden Xbox Apple. Award of Merit from RHS in 1899.
Round-conical apple. Flesh firm but tender, white, sweet, rather dry. Trees are shy bearers at first. Width 67–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Cells ovate, axile, open or abaxile.
P Melba x Early McIntosh. Slightly tart flavor. Flesh white. Likes warm weather. MacIntosh style summer apple that is self fertile and well adapted to low chill conditions.[59]
Fruit very large with russet. Width 110 mm (4.3 in), height 78 mm (3.1 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Tree large, vigorous. Flesh white, firm, coarse, srisp, juicy, subacid, fair to good.
Large fruit with a yellow-green with red overcolour. Flesh crisp, juicy, subacid, fair to good. FCC from RHS in 1887. Width 65–85 mm (2.6–3.3 in), height 58–72 mm (2.3–2.8 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in).
A round to conical apple with 90% red overcolor. Moderately resistant to scab, fire blight, powdery mildew and black rot. DBH 112. Flesh: cream, juicy, subacid.
A large apple. Stalk short. Flesh crisp, juicy, subacid, good.
Eating
Use September–April
Blenheim Orange (a.k.a. Emilia (in Ecuador) and Pennsylvania (in Colombia) cs. Blenheimská reneta, de. Goldrenette von Blenheim, pl. Blenheimska, ru. Renet blengheimskii, Renet zolotoi blengheimskii) agm[62][6][3][26][14][15][34][12][27][16][7]
England
Discovered c. 1740, introduced c. 1818
Has greenish-yellow to orange skin streaked with red. Width 75–91 mm (3.0–3.6 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in), weight 165 g (5.8 oz). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Cells open, obovate, axile. Flesh; aromatic, juicy. Distinctive nutty flavor excellent for cooking. The vigorous tree is slow to come into crop but then produces heavily. Cold storage 4oC 120 days. TRI VitC 13. Density 0.76
Cooking, eating
PickE late September. PickG early October. Use November–January.
A medium-sized, very dark red, heavily ribbed apple. Flesh white sometimes pink-streaked, crisp, juicy, mildly sweet. It is reputed to have got its name after a gamekeeper shot dead a ploughman caught stealing apples from the Megginch Estate. When his body was returned to his wife, she found stolen apples in his pockets and threw them onto a rubbish heap. One of the resulting seedlings bore apples of a deep, blood red. This tree gave rise to the cultivar that was named after the unfortunate ploughman.[63]
A yellow apple with dark red stripes. Width 70–75 mm (2.8–3.0 in). Height 63–70 mm (2.5–2.8 in). Steam short and stout. FCC from RHS in 1896. Flesh aromatic, spicy, subacid, very good.
A yellow apple with red flush and stripes. Width 71 mm, height 67 mm. Stalk 10mm. Cells closed, elliptical. AM from RHS in 1901. Flesh crisp, yellow, acid, aromatic.
A medium-sized roundish apple. Width 66 mm, height 55 mm. Stalk short. Cells, ovate, axile. Flesh yellowish, subacid, aromatic. More sweet and tender than the Old Nonpareil.
Width 76 mm, height 69 mm. Chance seedling. Flesh pale cream, firm, crisp, juicy. Red overcolor 69%. Ripens 19 days after Golden Delicious. Not susceptible to bitter-pit. The fruit is widely sold commercially in the United Kingdom. Cold Storage 1oC 180 days. SS 13.8 - 14.7 TA 0.53 - 0.86.
Eating
Pick 45 October 16. Pick55 October 5. Pick at the end of late May in New Zealand.
Most widely sold cooking apple in the United Kingdom. Triploid. Width 83–86 mm (3.3–3.4 in), height 66–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Cells round, axile, open. Large sized fruits with waxy skin, green with a red flush, which must be peeled before use. A favorite ingredient in many traditional British puddings.[68] TRI
A yellow apple with redbrown flush. Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 7 mm (0.28 in). Flesh whitish-yellow, sweet, subacid. Quality cooking good, eating fair.
Resistant to scab. Spreading habit with intermediate vigor; full flowering season is medium-late, production is heavy, fruit is medium or medium-large, with smooth skin; white lenticels, no russet, excellent taste characteristics. Ripens first week of October (Trentino).
Green with red flush, covered with russet. Width 70–74 mm (2.8–2.9 in), height 58–61 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Stalk 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in). Cells pointed ovate, axile, open. Flesh greenish white, juicy, acid, nutty flavour.
Width 59 mm (2.3 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good to best. Tree not large.
A greenish-yellow apple with red flush (25–75%). P Alexande x Dumelow. AM from RHS in 1922. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 66 mm (2.6 in). Stalk short. Flesh white, juicy, acid.
Cooking, pie
PickE late August–early September; use October–December
P Golden Delicious x Jonathan. Width 78–82 mm (3.1–3.2 in), height 78–82 mm (3.1–3.2 in), weight 250–275 g (8.8–9.7 oz). Stalk 45 mm (1.8 in). Flesh firm, crisp, juicy, acid.
Noted for unusual looks (somewhat lumpy on the side) but excellent reward when tried. Noted for having unusually high vitamin C content. Apple of choice for tarte tatin in France. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk variable. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, aromatic. C 32.
Cooking, eating
PickE third week of October; use November–March
Calville Rouge D'Automne(cs. Kalvil cerveny podzimni, de. Roter Herbst Kalvil, pl. Jablko malinow, ru. Osennii krasnîi kalvil.)[11][12][16]
France
1670
A culinary apple of inferior quality in England. Cells ovate, axile.
Width 78 mm, height 70 mm. Existence owed to freak accidental crossing of two most popular apples in world: Red and Golden Delicious. Retains prongs on bottom of latter parent but has flavor more resembling Golden.
Width 74–85 mm (2.9–3.3 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in), weight 135–220 g (4.8–7.8 oz). Stalk 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in). Cold Storage 2oC 90 days. Density 0.79
Cooking, eating
PickE mid-September; use September–December.
Carolina Red June[56][26][8][9] (a.k.a. Red June, Georgia June)
Tennessee, US
c. 1810
Very popular Civil War-era Southern apple. Flesh juicy, brisk, subacid. Does beautifully in humid weather. Good choice for backyard gardener in subtropical climate, though hardy as far north as zone 5.
A yellow apple with red flush (25–75%). P Cox Orange x unknown. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk medium. Flesh white, juicy, aromatic.
Eating
Pick mid-September; use September–November
Carter's Blue
Alabama, US
1840s
Medium to large, roundish oblate; skin green or greenish yellow washed with dull red with darker red broken tripes, covered with a heavy bluish bloom. Crisp, juicy, sugary, aromatic, mild subacid. Foliage also has a blue hue. Once widely grown in the American South, then thought extinct. Reintroduced to America in 1994 after being discovered at the National Fruit Trust in Kent, England, where it had been added in 1947 from a collection in Rhone, France, after it had been acquired around 1860 from the Fruitland Nursery in Augusta, Georgia.[73]
Sharp flavor. Lumpy shape and electric green coloring. Width and height 86 mm (3.4 in). Stalk short. Cells ovate, abaxile. Known to have been a variety planted in early Virginia by settlers as well as native England. Extremely rare in native United Kingdom; occasionally still found growing in southern United States.
A greenish yellow apple with red flush. Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Weight 180 g (6.3 oz). Stalk 40 mm (1.6 in). P Golden Delicious x Cox Orange Pippin. Attractive color. This tree bears attractive fruit, extra-large sized, deep Flesh; creamy white, juicy, and subacid. Keeps fresh for a long time. Starts bearing at a young age. Cold storage 2oC 120 days. VitC 8.
FCC from RHS in 1899. Orange to red. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Best cooked early in season. Good flavor, and sweet when eaten later in season. Cold storage 3oC 90 days.
A green apple with russet and red overcolor (50-70%). Width 72–74 mm (2.8–2.9 in), height 55–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in). Stalk 7–13 mm (0.28–0.51 in). One of the oldest apple varieties in the world.
A roundish oblate red apple. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Stalk short and stout. Cells roundish obovate, axile, open. Flesh tender, subacid.
A large long keeping yellow-skinned apple with diffuse orange pink flush. FCC from RHS in 1891. Width 75–81 mm (3.0–3.2 in), height 61–68 mm (2.4–2.7 in). Stalk: short and stout. Still grown in Essex orchards including Lathcoats Farm Shop. Flesh; creamy white, firm, tough, fine-textured, juicy, subacid. P Dumelow x ?
Medium to large oblate apple. Red flush over greenish yellow skin. Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 59 mm (2.3 in). Stalk long. Flesh; creamy white, firm, fine-textured, juicy, sweet. Flavor can be variable but at its best is very well balanced. Grown by Chivers (now a brand of Premier Foods) for apple sauce.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 66 mm (2.6 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk medium. Flesh white, juicy, subacid. Particularly attractive blossom.
Eating
PickE late September–early October; use November–December
Suitable for northerly, cold, wet climates: rich, nutty flavor. FCC from RHS in 1921. Width 67–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 59–67 mm (2.3–2.6 in). Stalk 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in). Flesh, crisp, greamy white tinged green, subacid, aromatic. Cells obovate to elliptical, axile. TRI
Constantine is very similar to Alexander, but ripens later and keeps longer. Width 91 mm (3.6 in), height 69 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Flesh, white, firm, coarse, tender, juicy, subacid, fair to good.
Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 57–62 mm (2.2–2.4 in). Classic red coloration, nice crunch. Flesh; white, juicy, crisp. P Ben Davis x McIntosh. Tree early and annual bearer, very hardy. Cold storage 3oC 90 days.
Cross made 1997. Became available commercially in 2019.
Width 84 mm (3.3 in), height 79 mm (3.1 in). Stalk 26 mm (1.0 in). Weight 290–300 g (10–11 oz). P Enterprise x Honeycrisp. Flesh: crisp, firm, juicy. SS 12.9–14.6, TA 0.60–0.83.
A green apple with red overcolor (0-20%). Width 61 mm, height 54 mm. Stalk 13 mm. Cells roundish elliptical, axile. Flesh yellow, tender, crisp, juicy.
Extremely old variety, may date from as early as Roman times. Width 61–67 mm (2.4–2.6 in), height 45 mm (1.8 in). Stalk 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in). Popular during the Victorian era. Yellow to light green, flushed with red (0–75%). Particularly attractive blossom.
Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk short and slender. Cells large, symmetrical, obovate, axile, open. Flesh juicy, sweet and of good flavour.
One of the most celebrated apples in the United Kingdom, valued for its aromatic "orange" color and flavor. Width 60–89 mm (2.4–3.5 in), height 48–81 mm (1.9–3.2 in), weight 85–100 g (3.0–3.5 oz). Stalk 10–14 mm (0.39–0.55 in).Cells obovate, axile, slit. The fruit is widely sold commercially. Mainly grown in United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands but also grown for export in New Zealand. Cold storage 3oC 120 days. VitC 5–11. Density 0.85
Eating
Pick45 September 12. PickE late September. PickG late September–mid-October. Pickg September 15–30. Use October–February
A large five crowned apple. Width 82–88 mm (3.2–3.5 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 14 mm (0.55 in). Cells obovate, axile. Raised by Richard Cox. Parentage Alexander x unknown. Mainly grown in Denmark and Sweden. VitC 12.
Eating, cooking
PickE mid–late September. PickG mid-September. Use October–December.
A pale green cooking apple. Width 58 mm (2.3 in), height 45 mm (1.8 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). At maturity yellow with orange-red flush. Award of Merit from Royal Horticultural Society in 1912.
Crimson Delight is a multi-purpose apple intended for snacking, baking and fresh recipes. The fruit size is medium to large with a firm texture and is crisp and juicy.
A golf ball-sized applecrabhybrid developed by Albert Etter who named it Little Rosybloom for its cute size and attractive ruby red flush. He died before completing the patent papers. Fruit was later rediscovered and renamed. Very crispy and keeps texture in baking.
Flesh firm, crisp, very sweet and slightly tart. Light red, pink and light yellow-green striped skin. Width 70–75 mm (2.8–3.0 in). Weight 197 g (6.9 oz). SS 12.5–16.0, TA 0.71–0.91
One of parents believed to be Ben Davis, but very tart unlike parent. Dark red skin underlain with stripes.
Cooking, eating
Croncels (cs. Croncelské, fr. Transparente de Croncels, pl. Kronselska, ru. Prozracinoe Kronseliskoe)[3][32][15][90][16][7]
Crocels, France
Introduced 1869
Round oblong. Pale milky yellow with occasional slight flush. Flesh pale yellow, tender, very juicy, subacid. Width 80–85 mm (3.1–3.3 in), height 67–73 mm (2.6–2.9 in). Weight 195 g (6.9 oz). Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Cold storage 4oC 60 days. VitC 26. Density 0.72
Eating
PickG late August–mid-September. Use September–October
A delightful dessert apple. Flesh white, fine grained, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic.
Eating
Use August - September
Danziger Kantapfel(cs. Hranàč gdanský, fr. Calville de Danzig, pl. Kantowka gdanska, ru. Danțigskoe rebristoe)[23][16]
Germany
<1760
A yellow apple with red overcolour. Width 63–78 mm (2.5–3.1 in), height 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in) Weight 118 g. Flesh yellowish white, subacid, slightly aromatic.
A medium-sized apple with yellow-green skin, a red blush where exposed to the sun and covered with a spotty ochre russet. Cells rounish obovate, axile, open. White flesh is aromatic, firm and crisp with noticeable hints of anise and clove. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 58–61 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). P Reinette Franche x ?
A roundish to oblate apple, with red overcolor (up to 90%). Flesh: fine grained, firm, cisp, very good, subacid, 13,3% soluble solids, 0.3% titrable acid. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 18–21 mm (0.71–0.83 in). P N.J. 123249 x PRI 1235–000. Maturity 4 weeks before Delicious.
Large oblong-conic, ribbed. Yellow with red flush. Tree vigorous. Flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic, fair to good.
A yellow apple striped and splashed with red. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk slender,24 mm (0.94 in). Flesh juicy, subacid, very good. Tree is good grower and a great bearer.
Possible French parentage or ancestry. Crimson red peel. Juicy. Width 51–64 mm (2.0–2.5 in), height 38–48 mm (1.5–1.9 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). Cells ovate, axile, split. Flesh greenish-white, crisp, juicy, sweet. Tree heavy cropper on warm soil.
Eating
PickE mid–late August; use late August–early September
P Worcester × Beauty of Bath. Width 66 mm (2.6 in), height 48 mm (1.9 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Sharp, sweet flavour. Fruits are sold commercially in the United Kingdom. Cold storage 4oC 30 days.
Eating
PickE mid–late August. PickG mid-August. Pickg August 15–30. Use mid-August–mid-September
Grown from chance seedling of Golden Delicious. Yellow with red flush (10–40%). Flesh sweet, subacid, good. Tree vigorous. One of the most southerly apples grown in North America.
A yellow to green apple. Width 78–92 mm (3.1–3.6 in), height 58–72 mm (2.3–2.8 in). Stalk 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in).
Use December–January.
Downton Pippin(a.k.a. Elton Pippin, Downton Golden Pippin, Elton Golden Pippin, Knights's Golden Pippin)[11][12][57]
Herefordshire, England
1806
A dessert apple of first-rate quality. Width 54 mm (2.1 in), height 44 mm (1.7 in). Cells obovate, axile, slit. Parentage: Orange Pippin x Golden Pippin. Flesh yellowish white, firm, crisp, juicy, aromatic.
Has red stripes with splashes of green. Excellent resistance to freezing temperatures. Stalk 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in). Width 69–89 mm (2.7–3.5 in), height 57–73 mm (2.2–2.9 in). Weight 144 gram. Cells ovate, axile.
Cooking, eating
Pick45 August 14. Pick55 July 25. Use September–March
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 58 mm (2.3 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Cells roundish obovate, axile, open. Flesh yellowish white, tender, juicy, subacid. Tree rather slow in bearing, but then a heavy cropper.
A medium-sized oblate apple with greenish-yellow skin covered with red stripes over a solid red blush. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Flesh is firm but tender, juicy, aromatic and quite tart, becoming milder as it ages. Good for fresh eating and cooking; rated by many as one of the best for apple pies and sauces. Tree is a natural semi-dwarf, very hardy and bears heavily annually.
Roundish-oblate apple with pale greenish-yellow skin strewn with large russet dots, occasionally covered with a delicate pinkish-orange blush. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 11–14 mm (0.43–0.55 in). Cells obovate, axile to abaxile. Flesh yellow-tinted white flesh, aromatic, firm, crisp, tart, and very juicy. One of the most widely grown culinary apples of Victorian England, esteemed for its fine flavour and good keeping qualities.
A yellow apple with brown flush. Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Tree vigorous. Flesh yellow, crisp, tender, aromatic, subacid, aromatic, very good to best.
A roundish or oblate red apple. Width 54 mm (2.1 in), height 41 mm (1.6 in). Stalk very short. Cells ovate, axile, closed. Flesh yellowish, soft, tender, subacid.
Width 58–85 mm (2.3–3.3 in), height 39–70 mm (1.5–2.8 in). Stalk 17–20 mm (0.67–0.79 in). Cells obovate axile, open. Flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good to very good.
Width 61 mm (2.4 in), height 46 mm (1.8 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, vinous flavor, very good to best. Tree is a slow grower.
An excellent culinary apple. The tree is not a large grower. Width 60 mm (2.4 in), height 48 mm (1.9 in). Cells ovate, round or oblate, open or closed. Flesh yellowish, white, crisp, very juicy.
Round conical, deep golden yellow with flush and stripes of dark brown red. Flesh firm, yellow, of good flavour. AM from RHS in 1897. Width 66 mm (2.6 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in).
A large oblate-round apple with yellow-green skin and pinkish-brown blush. Width 76–83 mm (3.0–3.3 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). Stalk 6 mm (0.24 in). AM from RHS in 1903. Suitable for more northerly, cold, wet climates. Flesh; pale yellow, firm, coarse-textured, juicy, acid. Extraordinary keeper; apple ripens in autumn and will keep until Easter. P Possibly Blenheim Orange × Golden Noble. Cooks well, breaks up completely.
Width 64–68 mm (2.5–2.7 in), height 48–57 mm (1.9–2.2 in). Stalk 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in). Brown russeting. Excellent keeper. Resistant to scab, very prone to bitter pit. Flesh; cream, firm, fine-textured, dry, nutty flavor.
Golden Delicious × Ingrid Marie. Flesh white, firm, good flavor, acid at harvest. Medium-sized, mostly red with yellow showing. Often used in desserts due to its intense honey flavor. Susceptible to powdery mildew and Phytophthora rot. Cold storage 2-3oC 90 days.
Cooking, eating
PickE early October. Pickg September 23–October 7. Use October–December.
Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Suitable for northerly, cold, wet climates. P Hawthornden x Keswick Codlin. A biennial crop that needs thinning. AM from RHS in 1899. Good disease resistance.
Large cooking apple. Width 83–96 mm (3.3–3.8 in), height 73–90 mm (2.9–3.5 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). First Class Certificate from RHS in 1908. Flesh; creamy white, soft, coarse-textured, juicy, subacid. Excellent cooker.
A yellow apple with red overcolor (95%). Width 89 mm (3.5 in), height 76 mm. Overcolor 88%. Stalk short. Flesh firm, crisp, spicy. Stores well up to six months. Makes very good candy apple.
Yellowish apple with reddish blush. Good clean taste. Award of Merit from RHS in 1931. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 54 mm (2.1 in). Stalk long. Needs thinning for size. Prone to bitter pit, canker.
A red apple. Width 71 mm (2.8 in), height 73 mm (2.9 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Weight 222 g (7.8 oz). Flesh: white-yellowish, juicy, crisp, aromatic. P Black Ben Davis x Red Chief. SS 14.1% TA 0.3%. C 8. DBH 143.
Width 68–80 mm (2.7–3.1 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in), weight 105–212 g (3.7–7.5 oz). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Cold storage 1oC 120 days. Vit C 7. Density 0.85
Cooking, eating
PickE early October. PickG early–mid-October; use December–March
Grown by Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. Named for creek near which first seedling found. Heirloom variety still available at farmstands in Northeast and portions of Virginia. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good to best. Difficult to grow for inexperienced planters. Width 73–77 mm (2.9–3.0 in), height 68–76 mm (2.7–3.0 in). Stalk 19–24 mm (0.75–0.94 in). Cells ovate, axile, slit.
Large yellow, roundish to roundish oblate. Width 99 mm (3.9 in), height 86 mm (3.4 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Cells obovate, axile. Flesh whitish - yellow, firm, fine, tender, very juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good. AS s. TRI
Small apple, very sweet, flavour similar to McIntosh. Flesh white, tender, juicy, subacid, perfumed, very good. Width 60–72 mm (2.4–2.8 in), height 53–56 mm (2.1–2.2 in). Stalk 11–17 mm (0.43–0.67 in). Of no value in Britain.
Eating
Pick45 September 26. PickE late September–early October. Use October–November.
A bright red fruit of good dessert quality. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 50 mm (2.0 in). Roundish slightly oblate. Tree vigorous. Flesh yellow, firm, fine, tender, juicy, mild subacid, good to very good.
An excellent apple for eating and cooking. The tree is very hardy and a great bearer. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 53 mm (2.1 in). Stalk medium. Cells obovate, axile, slit.
Cooking, eating
PickE late September–early October; use November–February
Sometimes called Red Pippin. Claims both UK and US heritage: P Cox's Orange x Idared. Width 58 mm (2.3 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 22–30 mm (0.87–1.18 in). Has flavour similar to the former but storage, colouring, and cold tolerance of the latter. Can be susceptible to scab and canker. Cold storage 2oC 90 days.
Very fragrant. Yellow with red striping. Sweet apple, very popular in upper Midwest. Flesh yellowish, coarse, tender, juicy, subacid. Parentage Wealthy x Northwest Greening.
Eating
Pick45 October 1. PickE early October. Use November–April
A first-rate kitchen apple from October to January. Width 89 mm (3.5 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk short. Cells obovate, abaxile.Flesh crisp, subacid. This is the variety that inspired Sir Isaac Newton to consider gravity.
Cox's Orange Pippin × Wealthy. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1948. Width 68–75 mm (2.7–3.0 in), height 58–60 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Stalk 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). Prone to canker, good resistance to scab. Tendency to be biennial.
Striped red and yellow. Flesh yellow with a rough acid flavour. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 19 mm (0.75 in). Cells, open elliptical, pointed. Flesh yellow, acid.
P Red Delicious × Ralls Genet. Dark red, conic apple. Sweet, crisp, dense flesh is very mildly flavoured. Keeps very well. One of the most widely grown apple varieties in the world. Cold storage 1oC 150 days. SS 14.3 - 14.6 TA 0.41 - 0.51.
Eating
Pick 45 October 25. Pick55 October 5. PickE late October. Use December–January.
A small to medium-sized conic apple. Width 61–75 mm (2.4–3.0 in), height 55–65 mm (2.2–2.6 in). Weight 140 g (4.9 oz). Stalk 25–40 mm (0.98–1.57 in). The thin, tannic skin is yellow-green with a red blush overlaid with reddish-orange streaks. Flesh is yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid, and grainy with a mild flavour. Cross of three of the world's best known apples: Kidd's Orange Red (a cross of Red Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin) × Golden Delicious. One of the most widely available commercial fruit. Cold storage 2oC 150 days. SS 13.2–14.1 TA 0.36–0.54.
Eating
Pick45 August 30. Pick55 August 25. PickE early October. PickG late September–early October. Pickg September 15–30. Use October–January
Large eating and cooking apple. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1871. Width 90 mm (3.5 in), height 71 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 13 mm. Cells, small, obovate, axile. TRI
A medium-sized roundish-oblate, sometimes slightly conical apple. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Greenish-yellow skin is striped and splashed with bright red, dull or grayish toward the stem; dots few, light and gray; cavity deep, basin shallow, slightly uneven. Flesh yellow, very tender, juicy, rich, mildly subacid and aromatic. Poor keeper. Upright habit, productive bearer, some biennial tendency.
Large red fruit. Width 77–82 mm (3.0–3.2 in), height 63–70 mm (2.5–2.8 in), weight 145 g (5.1 oz). Stalk 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in). FCC from RHS in 1887. VitC 8–12. Density 0.79
Eating, cooking
PickE mid–late September. PickG late September; use October–January.
Geflammter Kardinal(cs. Kardinál žíhaný, pl. Kardynalska. ru. Kardinal krasnîi.) [16]
Germany ?
<1800
Width 74–92 mm, height 70–85 mm. Weight 110-240 gram.
Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Flesh: yellowish white, fine, subacid. Created at the Höheren Lehranstalt für Obstbau of Geisenheim in the Rheingau. P Minister von Hammerstein × Baumanns Renette.
Pale green to yellow colour, will keep nicely until late autumn. Award of Merit from RHS in 1923. Width 82 mm (3.2 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Good regular crops.
Cooking
Pick late August–early September; use August–September.
A medium-sized green-yellow elongate bell-shaped apple, sometimes takes on a reddish blush. Width 55–75 mm (2.2–3.0 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). VitC 9. Flesh; tart, crisp and juicy. Stores well, taste improves with age. Excellent culinary variety; renowned for its use in Strudel.
Cooking, eating
PickE mid-October. PickG late October. Pickg October 15–30. Use December–April.
Conical shape. Somewhat tart, ruby red color like parent Red Delicious. P Glockenapfel x Richared Delicious. Good choice for backyard gardening. Width 65–90 mm (2.6–3.5 in), height 65–90 mm (2.6–3.5 in). Weight 150–300 g (5.3–10.6 oz). Stalk 11–23 mm (0.43–0.91 in).
Eating
PickE late October. PickG mid–late October. Pickg October 10–30. Use November–March
One of the most popular varieties in the world. Due to its regular size, even colour and storage qualities the fruit is widely sold commercially. Uniform light green-yellow coloration. Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic, very good to best. A good pollinator. Width 63–72 mm (2.5–2.8 in), height 58–62 mm (2.3–2.4 in), weight 145 g (5.1 oz). Stalk 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in). Cold storage 0.5o C 120 days. DBH 137–151. VitC 6–9. Density 0.79
Eating, cooking
Pick45 October 7. Pick55 September 15. PickE lateOctober. PickG early–late October. Pickg September 23–October 15. Use October–May.
A yellow apple with russet. Width 49 mm (1.9 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 13 mm. Cells obovate, axile, closed. One of the richest and most excellent dessert apples, it is also one of the best for cider.
Eating, cider
PickE mid-October. Use December–May
Golden Knob (a.k.a. Old Lady, Old Maid)[11][13][12]
England
<1850
Orange-brown with russet. A good late keeping dessert apple. Flesh firm, subacid, good. Leaf large, very dark. Width 42 mm (1.7 in), height 35 mm (1.4 in). Stalk short. Cells obovate, axile, closed. The tree is a strong grower.
Tree is short and stocky. Produces mint green fruit with blush of pink. Width 60–90 mm (2.4–3.5 in), height 50–80 mm (2.0–3.1 in), weight 150–250 g (5.3–8.8 oz). Stalk 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in). Cells obovate, abaxile. Good disease resistance. VitC 25.
Cooking, pie, eating
PickE early October. PickG mid-September; use October–January
PRI 1956-6 × Ed Gould Golden. Resistant to scab. Moderate vigour, spreading habit and medium-late blooming season; fruit is moderately large (207 g (7.3 oz)) and symmetric, skin is smooth, no russeting. Ripens some days after Golden Delicious; fruit is very attractive; large, good storage ability.
A golden yellow apple with russet. Width 57–63 mm., height 52–59 mm. Stalk 12–25 mm. Cells ovate, pointed, axile, closed. Eye small and open. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, sweet, subacid.
A medium-sized heavily russeted light green apple, occasionally with a reddish blush. Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Cells obovate, axile, closed. Crisp, fine-grained flesh is rich, sugary and very sweet. Excellent dessert apple, keeps very well. Makes extraordinary cider, known as the "Champagne of cider apples."
A golden yellow apple. An old Northern English variety. Flesh pale yellow, juicy, soft. P Keswick Codlin x Manks Codlin. Width 64 mm, height 82 mm. Cells elliptical, abaxile. Unusually tall and oblong with a tart flavour.
Width 76–79 mm (3.0–3.1 in), height 59–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in). Stalk 23–30 mm (0.91–1.18 in). A yellow apple. Flesh is yellow, firm, tender, juicy, very sweet, aromatic, good to very good. BB.
Width 74 mm, height 69 mm. The fruit has a complex spicy flavor with high acidity and sweetness. Acidity moderates in cold storage, with exceptional quality after 2 to 3 months. Parentage Golden Delicious x Coop 17.
Yellow striped with red. Round to conical. The stalk is set in a narrow, rather deep russety cavity. Width 82 mm (3.2 in), height 82 mm (3.2 in). AM from RHS in 1896.
A low chill hour cultivar developed by Robert B. Gordon in Whittier, CA from unknown parentage. Blooms over long period in Southern California – from April to early June. Bears mature fruit from August to October. Fruit is green with red striped overcolor. Ripe at approximately 50% red coverage. Flesh: white, crisp, juicy. Fruit is dual purpose, for eating and baking with sweet-tart flavor.
Eating, cooking
Gradirose
Languedoc-Roussillon, France
2004
Created by Pépinières Grard. Early dessert apple with pink blush. Stores well. Very productive.
Originated on the farm of James Gragg in Caldwell County, North Carolina about 1860. Valued by North Carolina growers for its fine cooking qualities, crispness and long storage ability. The conical shaped fruit is red in colour with moderately conspicuous dots. Keeps well.
Rather large, round, a little flattened. Colour yellow with dull red flush and broken stripes. Width 80 mm, height 55-60mm. Cells obovate, axile, open. Flesh pale yellow, very crisp and juicy and excellent flavour.
This is the apple once used to represent Apple Records. Width 64–74 mm (2.5–2.9 in), height 61–68 mm (2.4–2.7 in). Stalk 17–25 mm (0.67–0.98 in). A favourite variety, widely sold in the UK. Also noted as common pie apple. Lime green colouring. Extremely tart. SS 11.5, TA 1.03.
Cooking, eating
Pick 45 October 15. Pick55 October 23. PickKt mid-October; use January–April
An early yellow-green apple, often with red stripes. Width 73–91 mm (2.9–3.6 in), height 61–89 mm (2.4–3.5 in). Weight 130 g (4.6 oz). Stalk 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in). Cells round to elliptical, abaxile. Tree large, vigorous. Flesh yellow, firm, fine, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good to best. Exceptional cooking apple, especially for applesauce and pies. Poor keeper; becomes soft quickly. German immigrants introduced this variety to California's San Joaquin Valley in the mid-19th century. Has many sports. VitC 8. Density 0.82 TRI
Cooking, eating, pie
Pick45 August 23. PickE early September. PickG late August–mid-September. Pickg September 1–7. Use September–December.
A very old southern apple thought to have originated in North Carolina or Georgia but its true origin is uncertain. The fruit is oblate to oblique in shape. Width 76 mm (3.0 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in). The skin is deep green in colour, turning pale yellow when fully ripe. The yellowish flesh is sweet, crisp, tender and juicy.
Golden Delicious × James Grieve; good garden apple, with a pleasant but unexceptional flavour. Width 64–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in), height 57–60 mm (2.2–2.4 in). Stalk 20–22 mm (0.79–0.87 in). Likely named for famous Renaissance-era song. Can be susceptible to scab.
A first rate early culinary apple. Flesh tender, juicy, and with an agreeable acidity. Width 60–77 mm (2.4–3.0 in), height 46–74 mm (1.8–2.9 in). Cells elliptical, axile.
Possibly one of the strangest of all British apples: it is ribbed and lumpy with a tough coat, looking as though it has taken a beating. Width 83 mm (3.3 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in). Cells elliptical, abaxile, wide open. Grenadier cooks down to cream-coloured puree with a superb apple flavour. Makes an excellent apple jam. Poor keeper. Reliably heavy annual bearer. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1883. Good disease resistance.
A medium-sized roundish to slightly oblong apple. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Greenish-yellow skin, ripening to a clear yellow, stem cavity sometimes russeted, covered with yellow or russet dots. The yellowish-white flesh is crisp and tender, with a rich, spicy, sugary-sweet flavour. A good all-purpose dessert and cooking apple, Grimes also makes a strong single-variety cider. Excellent keeper. Grimes Golden is the parent of the ubiquitous Golden Delicious. Relatively rare among apples, Grimes Golden is self-fertile. Original tree discovered near a known orchard of John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed). DBH 147.
Cider, cooking, eating
Pick55 September 5. PickE mid-October. Use December–March
Fruit oblate-conic, ribbed, yellow with red flush. Tree large, vigorous. Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh white, juicy, aromatic, subacid, poor.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 64–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Cells obovate, abaxile, wide open. Flesh white-yellow, dry, sweet, subacid, aromatic. Prone to bitter pit. TRI
Eating
PickE late September–early October; use November–April
Hammerstein (a.k.a. Minister von Hammerstein, cs. Hammersteinovo)[3]
Germany
1895
Width 60–85 mm (2.4–3.3 in), height 50–65 mm (2.0–2.6 in), weight 100–180 g (3.5–6.3 oz). Stalk 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in). VitC 5.
Cooking, eating
PickE early October. PickG late October–early November; use January–April
Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, subacid, very good. Tree vigorous, bears annually. Susceptible to scab.
A yellow apple striped with red. P Oldenburg x unknown. Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in), weight 115 g (4.1 oz). Stalk 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in). Flesh;aromatic, subacid.
Large round conical, rather ribbed, greenish yellow with red flush and stripes. Flesh pale yellow with spicy aromatic flavour. Width 83 mm (3.3 in), height 68–76 mm (2.7–3.0 in). Stalk 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in). P Cox Orange x Cellini. AM from RHS in 1920.
A greenish yellow apple with red flush. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in), weight 95 g (3.4 oz). Stalk 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in). Flesh; soft, juicy, subacid. Density 0.65
Cooking, eating
PickE mid-September. PickG mid-September; use October–December
A green apple with red flush. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 66 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 14 mm (0.55 in). Flesh whitish-yellow, juicy, subacid. Quality is good for eating.
P Macoun x Jonathan. Flesh; crisp, juicy, sweet, vinous.
Eating, cooking, baking
Pick October 10 (in Ohio). PickE mid-October. Use November–December.
Holland Pippin (a.k.a. Summer Pippin, Pie Apple)[9][8][25][26]
Ontario, Canada or US
<1820
Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Seeds sometimes imperfect. Flavor not agreeable for eating. Flesh white, crisp, tender, very juicy, subacid, good to very good. One of the very best kitchen apples.
Has excellent eating and keeping qualities. Width 83 mm, height 73 mm. Yellow with 47% red overcolor. Very crisp white flesh is slightly tart with a strong honey-like sweetness. Quality varies from apple to apple. Developed by the University of Minnesota and best suited to cool climates. P Haralson x Keepsake.
P Golden Delicious x Haralson. Flesh crisp, yellow, juicy. Quality excellent. Sweet tasting fruit. Tree has very showy, light pink blossoms in spring. Ripens October 1 in Minnesota.
Eating
Pick45 September 25. Pick55 September 10. PickE late October. Use November–December.
Medium conical, greenish yellow with light brown flush. Flesh crisp, very juicy and pleasant. Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 64 mm (2.5 in). Stalk short. Cells roundish, obovate, axile. AM from RHS in 1900.
A medium-sized deep red apple. Crisp white flesh is tart and juicy, and can be somewhat bland if eaten out of hand, however, Idared is an exceptional cooking apple. Flesh keeps is shape, and the flavour becomes much stronger with cooking. An excellent keeping apple, Idared remains hardy and durable in proper storage for as long as 8 months. Idared is a cross between Jonathan and Wagener developed at the University of Idaho. Width 65–90 mm (2.6–3.5 in), height 50–75 mm (2.0–3.0 in), weight 150–180 g (5.3–6.3 oz). Stalk 18–30 mm (0.71–1.18 in). Prone to canker, scab, very prone to mildew. Cold storage 2-3oC 180 days. Density 0.79
Cooking, eating
Pick45 October 4. Pick55 September 20. PickE mid-October. PickG late October. Pickg October 1–25. Use December–April
A medium size (90–180 g (3.2–6.3 oz)) red apple. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in). P Cox Orange x Cox Pomona. Flesh: juicy, subacid. The most popular eating apple in Sweden. Cold storage 4oC 100 days. Density 0.80
Eating
PickE late September.Pickg September 15–30. Use November–February
Excellent for baking. Early harvest. Width 61–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in), height 48–55 mm (1.9–2.2 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in).Cells obovate, axile, open. More difficult to find within land of origin due to primary use for export to UK. Hardy, tastes very good straight off tree.
A very large apple. Width 82–94 mm (3.2–3.7 in), height 63–73 mm (2.5–2.9 in). Weight 185 g (6.5 oz). Stalk 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in). Flesh; soft, juicy, subacid to acid. Cold storage 2oC 150 days. VitC 8. Density 0.81 TRI
Good taste, but poor keeper (bruises easily). Width 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in), height 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in). Weight 140 g (4.9 oz). Stalk 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in). AM from RHS in 1897. FCC from RHS in 1906. Prone to scab, canker, resistant to mildew. Flesh; soft, juicy, aromatic, subacid to sweet. Cold storage 4oC 60 days. VitC 7. Density 0.76
Cooking, eating
PickE early September. Pickg August 25–September 7. Use September–October
Bright red round apple with subtle yellow under-striping. Tart to sweet, dense and very crunchy with effervescent texture. From sweet Royal Gala × firm, tart Braeburn. Widely sold commercially in the UK.
Width 72–90 mm (2.8–3.5 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 13–17 mm (0.51–0.67 in). Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, very sweet, good to very good.
Yellow with red flush. Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, mild subacid, good to very good.
Flesh yellow, fine grained, crisp, juicy. Tree is vigorous. Width 63–76 mm (2.5–3.0 in), height 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). P: (14-644 x Jonathan) x (Gallia Beauty x Red Spy).
Eating
Pick45 September 10. Pick55 September 1. Use September–October.
cross made 1953, first fruited 1953, introduced 1968
P Golden Delicious x Jonathan. Popular in Europe and land of origin. Width 60–90 mm (2.4–3.5 in), height 60–85 mm (2.4–3.3 in). Weight 150–200 g (5.3–7.1 oz). Stalk 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in). Several highly coloured strains are available. Widely sold commercially in the United Kingdom. Cold storage 0-1oC 90 days. Density 0.82 TRI
Eating, cooking
Pick45 October 4. Pick55 September 15. Pickg September 23 –October 15. Use October–March.
Tart taste. Mostly red apple with patches of lime green. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 58–61 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Weight 95–110 g (3.4–3.9 oz). Stalk 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in). Cells obovate, axile, slit. VitC 9-25. Density 0.77 Does well in cooler areas; some frost resistance. DBH 139–145.
Cooking (pie), eating
Pick45 September 15. Pick55 September 5. PickE early October. Pickg September 23–October 15. Use November–April.
Pale yellow, 25–75% flushed red. Flesh crisp, juicy and sweet, with pleasant flavour. AGM from RHS in 1922. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk variable.
A green apple with red overcolor (60–90%). Width 64–76 mm (2.5–3.0 in), height 56–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in). Stalk 20–23 mm (0.79–0.91 in). Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fruity, subacid. SS 14.7
Width 62–70 mm, height 53–61 mm. Stalk 24 mm. Flesh white, soft, juicy, subacid.
Eating
PickG late July - early August.
Junaluska
North Carolina, US
c. 1815
Once thought to be extinct but rediscovered in 2001 in rural North Carolina. Native American origin. Named for Cherokee chief Junaluska, leader in Battle of Horseshoe Bend, believed to have planted original tree. Extremely russeted and ugly apple but very hardy tree with superior taste to commercial varieties.
Cooking, cider, eating
Junami (a.k.a. Diwa, Milwa)
Switzerland
c. 2010
A cross between Idared and Maigold with Elstar. Beautifully round, fresh and fruity taste with a crunchy bite.
A yellow to green apple with red overcolor. Width 79 mm (3.1 in), height 62 mm (2.4 in), weight 190 g (6.7 oz). Stalk 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in). Flesh, juicy, aromatic, subacid. Density 0.83
A large, round, slightly conic apple. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Light yellow-green skin with a red-orange blush and stripes. Strong apple flavour is well-balanced between sweet and sharp. Cross of Cox's Orange Pippin and Starking Delicious (a red sport of Delicious), apple retains Cox's flavour, but tree is easier to grow. TRI.
A large apple width 94 mm, height 80 mm,(170 g (6.0 oz)). Stalk 18 mm. Harberts Reinette x unknown. Flesh; dry subacid. Cold storage 2oC 180 days. VitC 15. Density 0.77
Eating, cooking
PickE early October. PickG mid October. Use November–March
A green apple. Russet in stalk cavity. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 48 mm (1.9 in), weight 76 g (2.7 oz). Stalk short to medium. Flesh cream colored, juicy, sweet. Disease resistant.
The body is light yellow, and the taste is a mix of acidity and sweetness. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in). Harvesting may begin in early October and it is typically fully ripe in early December.
Yellow to green with red stripes. Width 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in), weight 110–150 g (3.9–5.3 oz). Stalk short to medium. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, subacid, aromatic. Sensitive to apple scab.
Yellow ground colour when ripe, with red flush, and russet depending on the season. Large apple, though shape can be irregular. Cold storage 4oC 90 days. TRI
Cooking, juice, eating
PickE early October. PickG early–mid-October. Pickg September 23–October 7. Use October–December.
Early eating apple with red skin and pale cream flesh. Width 66 mm (2.6 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 21 mm (0.83 in). Well suited to Northern European climate.
Eating
PickE early September; use September–early October
A green apple with red overcolor. Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 66 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in). Flesh: light yellow, hard crisp, juicy, sweet, aromatic, good. DBH 155–170.
Pale to golden yellow flesh. Delightful spicy taste. Well suited to Ireland's moist, cool climate. Width 54–60 mm (2.1–2.4 in), height 44–56 mm (1.7–2.2 in). Stalk 15–26 mm (0.59–1.02 in). Cells round to obovate, axile.
Eating
PickE late August; use August–September. Denmark pick mid-September, use October–November.
P Cox Orange x unknown. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk variable. AM from RHS in 1927. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, subacid with pineapple flavour.
Suitable for more northerly (southerly in the Southern Hemisphere) areas with higher rainfall. Width 67–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 57–66 mm (2.2–2.6 in), weight 110 g (3.9 oz). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). VitC 18–20. Density 0.84
Eating, cooking, cider
PickG mid-September–early October. PickE early October. Pickg September 15–30. Use October–February
Width 74–87 mm (2.9–3.4 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). Stalk 19–22 mm (0.75–0.87 in). Cells obovate abaxile. Flesh juicy, tender, vinous, aromatic. AM from RHS in 1900. Triploid.
P Sturmer Pippin x Ribston. Width 73–82 mm (2.9–3.2 in), height 67–72 mm (2.6–2.8 in). AM from RHS in 1897. Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Flesh white, juicy, aromatic.
Yellowish green with red flush. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in), weight 180 g (6.3 oz). Stalk medium. Flesh, firm, sweet, juicy. Disease resistant.
A greenish-yellow apple. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in), weight 180 g (6.3 oz). Stalk short to medium. Flesh creamy white, firm, juicy, tasty.
A yellow apple with red covering (75%). Width 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in), height 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in), weight 80–100 g (2.8–3.5 oz). Flesh yellowish white, subacid, sweet, aromatic. Resistant to Venturia ineaqualis and Codling Moth. A good keeper.
A small apple. Width 46 mm (1.8 in), height 33 mm (1.3 in). Stalk 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in). Flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, mild subacid, good to very good.
Medium-sized, roundish oblate with thin yellow-green skin with an orange blush and bright red stripes. Crisp yellowish-white flesh is sweet with hints of honey and almond. Don Emmons purchased a neglected orchard of Red Delicious near Gleed, Washington, in 1978. While cultivating between trees, a disc from the plow hit the base of a tree. The injury caused a new shoot to grow from the rootstock (likely a seedling grown from a pip). The shoot was allowed to grow and bear fruit which Emmons named for his mother, Alice.[157]
Large, oblong, ribbed. Flesh is sweet and spicy, firm, rather coarse textured. Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Cells obovate, abaxile. TRI
Yellowish-green with red flush. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 14–20 mm (0.55–0.79 in). Flesh crisp, tender, juicy with a delicious perfumed flavor, very good to best.
A golden yellow apple with 50–100% red flush. Width 67–74 mm (2.6–2.9 in), height 57–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in). Stalk 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in). Flesh creamy white, juicy and subacid.
A small yellow apple streaked and striped with red. Width 57 mm, height 51 mm. Stalk 6–13 mm. Cells obovate, axile. Flesh: yellowish-white, firm, crisp, very juicy, subacid, rich vinous flavour.
An excellent apple for eating or cooking. Width 79–87 mm (3.1–3.4 in), height 64–78 mm (2.5–3.1 in), weight 130 g (4.6 oz). Stalk 14–22 mm (0.55–0.87 in).Cold storage 0oC 150 days. VitC 3–6. Density 0.75
Cooking, eating
PickE late September. Pickg September 20–October 15. Use October–January.
Green with orange blush. Makes a good apple crumble for Christmas: peak ripening happens in winter. Width 65–97 mm (2.6–3.8 in), height 60–75 mm (2.4–3.0 in), weight 115–200 g (4.1–7.1 oz). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Cells elliptical, abaxile. Resistant to scab, very prone to mildew, prone to canker. P Russet Nonpareil x Dumelow's Seedling. VitC 13.
Late Strawberry (a.k.a. Autumn Strawberry)[8][25][26][9]
Aurora, New York, US
<1848
Whitish with red flush. Width 73–79 mm (2.9–3.1 in), height 63–69 mm (2.5–2.7 in). Stalk 22–24 mm (0.87–0.94 in). Flesh, yellow, fine, crisp juicy, vinous, subacid, very good.
Width 51–67 mm (2.0–2.6 in), height 51–63 mm (2.0–2.5 in). Stalk 17–21 mm (0.67–0.83 in). A green apple flushed with brownish purple. Flesh very sweet, little acidity. P Worcester Pearmain x Gladstone [es].
Aromatic sweet fruit, tendency to biennial habit, bruises easily. Width 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in), height 49–54 mm (1.9–2.1 in). Stalk 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in). Yellow flesh with streaks of red and orange.
A large yellow skinned apple with scattered russet. AM from RHS in 1920. Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Flesh crisp, acid. Prone to bitter pit.
A greenish yellow apple with orange red blush. Width 53 mm. Height 43 mm. Stalk 20 mm. Flesh: greenish-white, firm, crisp, sweet-sharp, slightly aromatic, flavour.
P: Cellini x Cox's Orange Pippin. AM from RHS in 1919. FCC from RHS in 1921. Classic old Victorian British apple. Green with dull red flush. Firm texture, but not very good juice producer. Prone to scab. Biennial. Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in), weight 105 g (3.7 oz). Stalk 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in). Cold storage 2oC 150 days. VitC 5. Density 0.80
Yellow with red flush. Width 60 mm (2.4 in), height 48 mm (1.9 in). P King of the Pippins x Cox Orange. Flesh aromatic, sharp. Particularly attractive blossom.
A greenish-yellow apple, red striped. Very disease-resistant. P: PRI 54-12 x Macoun. Flesh nearly white, crisp, juicy, coarse. Very similar appearance to McIntosh, relatively short storage life in air. Ripens 4 days before Delicious.
Eating
Pick45 September 20. Pick 55 September 5. Use October–December.
Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 8 mm (0.31 in). Flesh subacid, very juicy, rich, aromatic.
Cooking, eating.
PickE late October. Use March–April
Limelight
Kent, England
2000
Greensleeves type; abundant cropping and a compact tree. A pale green apple with a smooth finish and occasional pink blush. Crisp flesh and disease resistant tree.
A green apple. Russet in stalk cavity. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in), weight 111 g (3.9 oz). Stalk medium. Flesh creamy green, juicy, subacid.
Fruit pale yellow flushed with deeper yellow. P Montgomery x Yellow Transparent. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Resistant to scab. Tangy taste. DBH 80.
Eating
Pick45 August 1. Pick50 July 27. Pick55 July 10. Use July–August
Width 70–83 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 67–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in). Stalk 14–22 mm (0.55–0.87 in). Flesh, greenish, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, good to very good.
Small yellow with brown crimson flush. Flesh soft, highly aromatic. Width 57–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in), height 44–61 mm (1.7–2.4 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Cells round to obovate, axile. An excellent winter dessert apple. Tree small.
Yellowish green apple. Width 83 mm (3.3 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in). Strong ribbing. Cells ovate, abaxile. P Forester x Woodford. Flesh pale yellow, subacid. likes cooler weather. Subject to brown rot.
Large conical, pale creamy yellow, cooks to a white froth. Enormous cropper, must be thinned. Width 74–88 mm (2.9–3.5 in), height 64–82 mm (2.5–3.2 in). Stalk 25–28 mm (0.98–1.10 in).
Late, high-quality dessert apple for use in December to March. Width 64–73 mm (2.5–2.9 in), height 73–77 mm (2.9–3.0 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Flesh crisp, white, juicy, subacid. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1898.
James Grieve apple x Worcester Pearmain. Round shape. Orange flush with hint of russet. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Strong acid flavour. Good for domestic cultivation. Award of Merit from RHS in 1923. Cold storage 3oC 150 days.
A very large grenn cooking apple no flush. Width 76–83 mm (3.0–3.3 in), height 75 mm (3.0 in). Stalk short–medium. Cells ovate, abaxile. This variety is often subject to canker and rotting on the tree.
A culinary apple of first rate quality. Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 69 mm (2.7 in). Stalk short and thick. Cells round axile. Flesh white, juicy, pleasantly flovoured.
Yellow with purple to red stripes (90%). Flesh firm juicy, subacid. Biennial. Thinning is necessary. Width 62 mm (2.4 in), height 74 mm (2.9 in), weight 75–90 mm (3.0–3.5 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Disease resistant.
A greenish-yellow apple with pinkish red flush. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 56 mm (2.2 in). Weight 121 g (4.3 oz). Stalk short to medium. Flesh is creamy-white, firm, crisp, juicy. SS 12.4.
Cold-tolerant. Crunchy. P McIntosh x Jersey Black. Does very well in salads. Width 71 mm (2.8 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in), weight 100–160 g (3.5–5.6 oz). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Cold storage 4oC 120 days.
AM from RHS in 1915. Tree is a shy cropper. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 81 mm (3.2 in). Stalk medium. Flesh is greenish-white, juicy, sweet, aromatic.
Width 86 mm (3.4 in), height 69 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 19 mm (0.75 in). A thin-skinned, flattened apple. Pale yellow-green skin has a telltale crimson blush on the side that faced the sun. Flesh is white, crisp, very juicy, subacid, good. Susceptible to scab. Heavy annual bearer. Good cooker. The fruit ripens over a period of several weeks, and reguires two or three pickings. Excellent variety for drying because the flesh remains white and bright. DBH 124.
Flat, even, most delightfully striped with carmine. P Alexander x Beauty of Bath. Flesh crisp, sweet and aromatic. Width 54 mm (2.1 in), height 48 mm (1.9 in). AM from RHS in 1913.
Small, conical with sheep's nose; deep, rich yellow with red spots possible. Dry, dense, substantive flesh; mild, pear-like flavour. Tree good in climates with heavy snowfall.
Pale yellow medium-sized fruit with occasional flush of red (0–20%). Width 55–72 mm (2.2–2.8 in), height 50–72 mm (2.0–2.8 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Cells obovate abaxile. Hardy. Heavy producing.
Flesh yellow soft juicy. Old dessert apple, of no great merit. Width 67–69 mm (2.6–2.7 in), height 58–66 mm (2.3–2.6 in). Stem long. Cells obovate, axile, open.
Yellow apple with orange overcolour. P Tetofsky x unknown. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 75 mm (3.0 in). Does not do well in warm climates. Cold storage 4oC 40 days.
A red apple with streaks on the sunny side. Width 64 mm, height 58 mm. Flesh geenisk white, brisk, juicy. Cells roundish, ovate or obovate, axile, closed. Tree small.
Margil (a.k.a. Fail-me-never, Never-fail, Small Ribston, de. Muskat-Reinette, Muskaten-Reinette, fr. Reinette Musquée)[30][6][12][27][169]
England
<1750
Highly flavoured apple held in very high esteem by connoisseurs. Width 54–66 mm (2.1–2.6 in), height 51–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in). Stalk 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in). Cells roundish ovate, axile. Slightly conical in shape, dull green skin with an orange-red blush, some russeting. The yellow flesh is firm, crisp, sugary, and as pomologistRobert Hogg said, "with a powerful and delicious aromatic flavour." The very small tree is weak and slender and bears light crops. Because it flowers early, it is susceptible to frost damage. It keeps well. Introduced to Brompton Park Nursery from Versailles by Henry Wise in the early 18th century.
Yellow with red flush. Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 56 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 6–16 mm (0.24–0.63 in). Biennial. Flesh is white, juicy, vinous, sweet, very good.
Large, oblate, often russetted yellow apple with bright red blush and stripes. Crisp, greenish-yellow flesh, rich, nutty flavour. Similar texture to Ribston Pippin, and in a good year, its equal in flavour. In bad years it can be rather dry and harsh. Excellent keeper. Heavy annual bearer. AGM from RHS in 1892. Width 62–78 mm (2.4–3.1 in), height 51–65 mm (2.0–2.6 in). Stalk 14 mm (0.55 in).
Once thought to be lost forever, rediscovered in 2018 in Idaho.[170] Flesh is whitish, crisp, subacid, good to very good. Stalk short. Tree very prolific and will produce huge crops of apples when mature.
A popular, cold-tolerant eating apple in North America. Width 73–88 mm (2.9–3.5 in), height 63–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). Flesh white, very tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good. Cold storage 3oC 90 days. DBH 120–132. Density 0.77
Cooking (applesauce), eating, pies
Pick45 September 1. Pick55 August 20. Pickg September 15–30. Use October–December
A green apple with red flush (70%). Width 64–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in), height 64–67 mm (2.5–2.6 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh is light green, firm, juicy, subacid, very good. Tree is vigorous.
Eating
Pick 2 week before Jonathan. Use October–November.
A first rate dessert apple. Width 68–86 mm (2.7–3.4 in), height 61–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). Stalk 18–39 mm (0.71–1.54 in). Flesh yellowish, firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy subacid and aromatic. The tree is a good grower, vigorous, very hardy.
Eating
Use December
Melonenapfel (a.k.a. cs. Rehtáč soudkovitý, de. Flaschapfel, Nonnetitte, Prinzenapfel, fr. Pomme de Prince, ru. Print.)[23][3][16]
Germany
<1788
An oblong apple. Flesh is yellowish-white, subacid with a pleasant aroma. Width 65–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in). Stalk 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in). Weight 125 gram.
A yellow to green apple with crimson flush (50%). Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). P Jonathan x Delicious. Flavour improves in storage. Flesh is coarse, aromatic, subacid. Biennial.
Eating
Pick45 October 3. Pick55 September 20. Pickg October 1–20. Use December–April.
Mere de Menage (a.k.a. Bellefleur de France) (fr. de Livre, Ménagère)[6][23][30][32][33][12]
France or Ukraine
<1800
Large flat-round yellow apple with crimson flush (50–100%). Width 77–128 mm (3.0–5.0 in), height 67–95 mm (2.6–3.7 in). Stalk very stout (4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in)) and short (10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in)). Cells roundish, obovate, abaxile. TRI
Width 56–67 mm (2.2–2.6 in), height 45–53 mm (1.8–2.1 in). Stalk 20–27 mm (0.79–1.06 in). P Ellisons Orange x Cox Orange. A greenish-yellow apple flushed with red. Flesh with aniseed flavour.
Eating
PickE early September; use September–early October
Width 57–60 mm (2.2–2.4 in), height 47–51 mm (1.9–2.0 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). P Rogers McIntosh x Cox Orange. AM from RHS in 1960. Pick September. Semi-weeping habit, heavy crops of small fruit unless thinned.
Greenish yellow with red flush. P Laxton's Early Crimson x Epicure. Width 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in), height 48–62 mm (1.9–2.4 in). Stalk 12–30 mm (0.47–1.18 in). Flesh fairly juicy with strong aroma.
Width 58–67 mm (2.3–2.6 in), height 55–57 mm (2.2–2.2 in). Stalk 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in). P Cox's Orange Pippin × Worcester Pearmain. AM from RHS in 1950. Developed at John Innes Institute. Cold storage 3-4oC 150 days.
Sweet apple. Width 60–63 mm (2.4–2.5 in), height 44–54 mm (1.7–2.1 in). Stalk 18–26 mm (0.71–1.02 in). Flesh is white, juicy, sweet. AM from RHS in 1906. Tree prefers chalky soils.
A yellow apple with red overcolor (85–95%). Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 75 mm (3.0 in). Flesh is firm, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid. Resistant to scab.
Conical shape, pinkish red colour. P (Golden Delicious x Edgewood) x (Gravenstein x Close). Flesh crisp, sweet, good. Lasts long in refrigeration. Good aftertaste.
Eating
Pick55 August 10. PickE late August. Use August–September.
Width 78–85 mm (3.1–3.3 in), height 65–68 mm (2.6–2.7 in). Stalk 13–19 mm (0.51–0.75 in). Biennial. Flesh yellowish, firm, grisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, good to very good.
Medium-sized yellow apple with crimson stripes and darker red blush. Width 63–77 mm (2.5–3.0 in), height 60–80 mm (2.4–3.1 in). Stalk 13–23 mm (0.51–0.91 in). Cells elliptical, abaxile. Flesh is fine, tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic, very good to best. The fruit has a balsamic aroma with a suggestion of vanilla. Cropping can be a bit irregular, if not completely biennial. A late flowering variety that avoids frost. Some resistance to scab. DBH 128.
Eating
Pick50 September 14. PickE late September. Use October–December.
Known as "Crispin" in the United Kingdom. Width 73–77 mm (2.9–3.0 in), height 70–73 mm (2.8–2.9 in). Stalk 22–30 mm (0.87–1.18 in). P Golden Delicious x Indo. Flesh is aromatic, subacid. Tree is very vigorous. Cold storage 2oC 150 days. TRI
Eating, pies
Pick55 September 25. PickE mid-October. Pickg October 15–30. Use late October–early April
Originated as a chance seedling, a cross between Winter Banana and Golden Delicious.[181] Yellow colour. October harvest. Still used in cider blends by Martinelli's[182]
A yellowish green apple. Width 88 mm, height 63 mm. Stalk 13–25 mm. Cells elliptical, abaxile. Flesh tender, crisp, very juicy, acid. Raised by Rivers' Nursery.
A yellow apple flushed with red. FCC from RHS in 1887. Width 89–92 mm (3.5–3.6 in), height 70–73 mm (2.8–2.9 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in). Medium round and even, beautifully striped and flushed. Very good cooker. Cooks to juicy, brisk, well-flavoured purée, but with less acidity than Bramley. Prolific bearer, can be harvested in winter.
Best known colonial apple in North America. Known favourite of Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Medium to large, often irregularly shaped apple. Greenish-yellow, dotted, often russeted. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). Tough skin, flesh cream to greenish-white, very quickly browning. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, moderately fine-grained, aromatic, subacid, best. Biennial habit, slow to come into bearing. Good keeper, improves with storage. Prized for its clear juice in cider making. Two sports, Green Newtown Pippin and Yellow Newtown Pippin, differ only in skin colour. Cold storage 2oC 150 days.
Native American origin, believed to be originally grown by Cherokee along banks of Nickajack Creek. Only grown in Appalachians, favourite of later settlers for desserts. Rusty red colour with sweet, crisp taste. Width 84 mm (3.3 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 12 mm (0.47 in).
Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in), weight 130 g (4.6 oz). Stalk 6–13 mm (0.24–0.51 in). Flesh is crisp, subacid to acid. Cold storage 2oC 150 days. VitC 6. Density 0.74
Pale cream in colour when cooked. Width 80–87 mm (3.1–3.4 in), height 67–71 mm (2.6–2.8 in). Stalk 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in). P Harvey x Hawthornden. FCC from RHS in 1902.
Tart, firm, stores very well. Tree large, vigorous. Flesh is yellow, firm, tender, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good to best. Noted for being excellent choice for making American-style apple pie. Width 81 mm (3.2 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Sometimes used as a rootstock.
Cider, cooking, eating
Pick45 October 10. Pick55 September 25. PickE mid-October. Use November–March.
A large apple greenish-yellow with orange stripes. Width 87 mm (3.4 in), height 77 mm (3.0 in). Stalk 13 mm (0.51 in). Flesh is soft white, subacid, very good.
A round to conic apple width 70 mm. 80% red stripe on greenish-yellow ground. Flesh white, crisp fine, tender, juicy, subacid, very good. Resistant to apple scab, cedar apple rust and fire blight. Susceptible to mildew.
A Northern Spy like apple. Fruit 30-85% dark red overcolor. Flesh creamy-yellow, fine textured, firm, crisp, juicy, subacid, very good. Resistant to apple scab.
A large apple, greenish-yellow with purple flush. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Weight 191 g (6.7 oz). P Wagener x Northern Spy. Cold storage 5oC 150 days. VitC 16–30. Density 0.83
Eating, cooking, juice
PickE mid-October. PickG late October–early November. Pickg October 23–November 7. Use November–April
A large apple 250-300 gram. Sweet and distinctive fragrance. Flesh firm, aromatic, sweet, juicy, notes of pineapple, excellent. Medium hardness. Parentage Golden Delicious x Indo.
Medium flat, rich red and golden russet. Reliable bearer. Width 62–74 mm (2.4–2.9 in), height 58–62 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Stalk 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in). E VitC 22. Flesh is creamy white, firm, complex flavour, similar to Blenheim Orange, but not related. TRI
Eating
PickE mid-October; use December–February
Ortley (a.k.a. White Bellflower, Cleopatra)[9][6][25]
New Jersey, US
<1850
A large yellow apple with red flush. Width 71 mm (2.8 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid to subacid, very good. Tree vigorous, very productive.
Width 57–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in). Green with orange flush. P Cox Orange x Gladstone. Flesh is greenish-white, soft, juicy, sweet, aromatic.
Eating
Pick mid-August; use late August–early September.
Ozark Gold
Missouri, US
1970
Light green with pink blush. Has taste with notes of honey.
Eating
PickE late September–early October. Use October–December.
Round and smooth, with crimson flush and stripings. Resembles Charles Ross in general charasteristics. AGM from RHS in 1913. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in).
Yellow apple flushed with red on 50%. P Worcester Pearmain x Rival. Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 64 mm (2.5 in). Stalk is short. Flesh is creamy white, juicy, sweet, aromatic.
Eating
PickE late September–early October; use October–November
Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 11 mm (0.43 in). Flesh is whitish, crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, good to very good.
Eating
Pick late September–early August; use October–January
Peasgood's Nonsuch(cs. Peasgoodovo, de. Peasgood's Goldreinette, fr. Sans pareil Peasgood, Peasgood's Sondergleichen, ru. Renet Piguda, Renet zolotoi Pisguda, Nesravnenno)[6]agm[186][30][32][12][166][16]
England
1858
Width 83–92 mm (3.3–3.6 in), height 70–76 mm (2.8–3.0 in). Stalk 8 mm (0.31 in). Cells obovate, axile. A very large yellowish-green apple, deepening to orange-yellow, flushed and striped red with some russet patches. Flesh is white, sweet and juicy. Good eating and superb for cooking. Large, hardy and heavy cropping tree. Apples can weigh up to half a kilogram, and are famously large enough to make a pie from a single apple. VitC 13.
Cooking, eating
PickE mid-September. Use September–December.
Peck's Pleasant (a.k.a. Peck, Waltz Apple)[8][9][26][25]
Connecticut, US
Yellow with red flush. Width 85 mm (3.3 in), height 64–68 mm (2.5–2.7 in). Stalk 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in). Flesh is juicy, subacid, highly aromatic, very good to best.
Tree vigorous. Width 68 mm (2.7 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Flesh is white, firm tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, fair to good.
A conical apple, yellow with red flush. Width 65–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 55–65 mm (2.2–2.6 in), weight 120 g (4.2 oz). P Clivia x Undine. Flesh is yellowish, crisp, aromatic, subacid. Cold Storage 1oC 120 days.
Eating
PickE mid-October. PickG early–mid-October; use February–July
P Clivia x Undine. Flesh is crisp, juicy, subacid, aromatic. Cold storage 3oC 120 days.
Eating, cooking
Pine Apple Russet(a.k.a. Hardingham's Russet)[12][5]
England
1730
Width 70 mm, height 64 mm. Stalk 25 mm. Flesh pale yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid. Can be dry, flavourless. Cells obovate, axile, open.
Bred in Germany over an 18-year period. Marketed as "Piñata" in the United States. Fragrant smell, thin skin and balanced sweet and tart flavour profile. From Clivia x Golden Delicious. Width 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in), height 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in), weight 125 g (4.4 oz). Stalk 30 mm (1.2 in). Flesh is yellowish, crisp, subacid, aromatic. Cold storage 1-2oC 120 days.
Cooking, eating
PickE early–mid-October. PickG mid–late October; use December–May
A green apple with red flush. P Helios x Apollo. Width 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 60–75 mm (2.4–3.0 in). Weight 130 g (4.6 oz). Stalk 26 mm (1.0 in). Flesh is soft, juicy, subacid, aromatic. Cold storage 3oC 20 days.
A dessert apple known since 1785. Small oblong apples with a yellow-green russeted skin. Width 53 mm (2.1 in), height 49 mm (1.9 in). Stalk medium. Flesh is yellow, firm, juicy, intense nutty, honeyed flavour with, as the name suggests, tropical undertones and some balancing acidity. Trees are biennial but produce heavy crops in the 'on' year.
Resistant to scab and mildew. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh is creamy white, crisp, intensely aromatic, Cox-like flavour, but sharper. FCC from RHS in 1972.
A greenish-yellow apple with purple-red overcolor (90–100%). Width 66–74 mm (2.6–2.9 in), height 56–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in). Stalk 18 mm (0.71 in). SS 12.3. Flesh is yellow-white, crisp, breaking, juicy, subacid.
A yellow apple with red stripes. Width 65–80 mm (2.6–3.1 in), height 65–80 mm (2.6–3.1 in). Stalk 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). Flesh is greenish-white, juicy, subacid. Quality: cooking good, eating fair.
Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Smallish, squat, deep golden yellow colour with red blush and firm, Flesh is yellow, fine-grained, aromatic, subacid, good to very good. Tree is vigorous, healthy, productive.
A yellow to greenish apple with red stripes. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 73 mm (2.9 in). Stalk 18 mm (0.71 in). Flesh is white, juicy, subacid. P Present van Engeland x Brabant Bellefleur.
Cross made 1951, first fruited 1956, introduced 1971
Greenish yellow, striped or blushed with red. Width 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). Stalk 8 mm (0.31 in). Flesh is creamy white, crisp, subacid. Ripens with Cortland.
Eating
Pick one week before Delicious. Use October–January.
A red apple. Width 68–76 mm (2.7–3.0 in), height 65–76 mm (2.6–3.0 in). Stalk is short. Flesh is pale green, firm, crisp. Tree is vigorous.
Eating
Pick October 7–10. Use October–March.
Primate (a.k.a. Scott, Powers, July Apple)[8][26][25][9]
US
<1830
Width 72–94 mm (2.8–3.7 in), height 62–76 mm (2.4–3.0 in). Stalk 16–25 mm (0.63–0.98 in). Tree is hardy, very productive. Flesh is white, tender, subacid, very good or best.
A lemon yellow apple. Resistant to most diseases. Width 64–70 mm (2.5–2.8 in), height 56–66 mm (2.2–2.6 in). Overcolor 8%. Flesh is yellow, crisp, subacid.
A very large sweet apple. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 71 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 17 mm (0.67 in). Biennial. Flesh is white, firm, crisp, juicy, very sweet, peculiar flavor. Quality good for baking.
Large cooking apple. FCC from RHS in 1880. Width 78–89 mm (3.1–3.5 in), height 57–64 mm (2.2–2.5 in). Stalk 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in). Cells ovate, axile.
A green apple flushed with red (70-90%). Width 62–69 mm, height 58mm. Stalk 18 mm. Flesh: crisp, juicy, subacid, flavour of raspberries. P (Melba X Sonora) X (Melba X ( Williams X Starr)). Scab resistant.
Extremely resistant to frost. Width 60–82 mm (2.4–3.2 in), height 76–83 mm (3.0–3.3 in). Stalk 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in). Cells ovate, axile. Flesh is white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, good to very good. The tree does not attain a large size. VitC 12.
Cooking
Pick August; use August
Red Canada (a.k.a. Poland, Richfield Nonsuch)[8][9][25][26]
US
<1820
Width 74–81 mm (2.9–3.2 in), height 61–67 mm (2.4–2.6 in). Stalk 17–21 mm (0.67–0.83 in). Flesh is white, tender, crisp. Very good.
Unmistakable for its acutely conic shape, dark red colour and telltale bumps on bottom. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 19–22 mm (0.75–0.87 in). Flavour is sweet and mild. Extremely poor choice for cooking or cider; tastes terrible in pies. Original seedling known as "Hawkeye." Rights bought by Stark Brothers in 1893. First marketed as "Delicious" or "Stark's Delicious," name changed to "Red Delicious" in 1914 when Stark bought the rights to Mullin's Yellow Seedling, changing that apple's name to "Yellow Delicious". Red Delicious has many sports and ranks as the world's most prolific apple. Cold Storage 0.5oC 120 days. DBH 142-153.
Eating
Pick45 October 12. Pick55 September 10. Use December–March
A green apple with scarlet flush (90%). Width 74–83 mm, height 55-70mm. Stalk 7 mm. Flesh pink-white, crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid, strawberry flavour. P Discovery x Kent
Medium-sized, conic, uniform deep red skin. Flesh is white, crisp, sweet and juicy, with hints of cherry and almond. Excellent keeper. Chance seedling (a natural cross of Jonathan and Golden Delicious) discovered in 1994. Marketed throughout Europe, in 2001, Global Fruit in Ontario became exclusive growers of the variety in North America.
A green apple. Width 66–79 mm (2.6–3.1 in), height 48–58 mm (1.9–2.3 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Flesh is crisp, juicy, acid. Cold storage 3oC 180 days. VitC 12. Density 0.84
Cooking, eating
PickG late October. Pickg October 23–30. Use February–May
An flat-round green apple with red overcolor and much russet. Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic. Triploid. Parentage Court pendu plat x ? Very popular in France. Flowering very late.
Despite its name, it is an old French cultivar of domesticated apple. It is a reinette type of golden apple, with much russeting, which keeps shape in cooking. AM from RHS in 1901. If stored for some time it gets softer and is good to eat. Width 90–100 mm (3.5–3.9 in), height 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in), weight 170 g (6.0 oz). Triploid. Flesh is crisp, subacid, juicy. Cold storage 4oC 150 days. VitC 17. Density 0.80
A dessert apple of first-rate quality. Width 70–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 62–77 mm (2.4–3.0 in). Stalk 11–20 mm (0.43–0.79 in). Flesh yellowish-white, firm. The tree is a free grower, but subject to canker. This cultivar is in the gentic pedigree of around 18% of all apple cultivars. 2
A very fine dessert apple. Width 76 mm (3.0 in), height 56–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in). The tree is a healthy and vigororus grower, and an excellent bearer. Flesh is greenish-white, juicy, subacid.
A conical uneven apple, covered with red flush. P Peasgood Nonsuch x Cox Orange. AM from RHS in 1908. Flesh is pale yellow firm, good. Raised by Charles Ross.
P Peasgood's Nonsuch x Ribston Pippin. Pastel green with a light pink flush. Very disease-resistant. Width 89 mm (3.5 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in). Stalk 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in). Cooks to a light, pale puree, hardly needing any sugar. AM from RHS in 1904. FCC from RHS in 1910. Nearly resistant to apple scab and apple canker.
A yellow apple, striped with red. Width 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 60–75 mm (2.4–3.0 in). C 5. Stalk 7 mm (0.28 in). Flesh is yellowish-white, crisp juicy, subacid.
Extremely old variety for United States, second only to Roxbury Russet in age. Width 81–93 mm (3.2–3.7 in), height 65–74 mm (2.6–2.9 in). Stalk 16–24 mm (0.63–0.94 in). Cells obovate, axile. Grass-green colour with some possible russeting near stem. Bred to keep over winter; will store well. Occasional reddish pink blush. Flesh is yellow, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, very good. Excellent choice for pies and strudels when used for baking.
An irregularly-shaped and sometimes lopsided apple, usually round to conical and flattened at the base with distinct ribbing. Width 70–78 mm (2.8–3.1 in), height 58–62 mm (2.3–2.4 in). Stalk 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in). Cells obovate, axile. Skin is yellow with an orange blush and red streaked with russet dots. Yellow flesh is firm, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, aromatic and with a pear-like flavour, subacid, very good. The original Ribston Pippin sprouted in 1708 from one of three apple pips sent from Normandy to Sir Henry Goodricke, 4th Baronet of Ribston Hall at Knaresborough. P Margil x Nonsuch Park. The original tree stood until 1835. It then sent up a new shoot and, on the original roots, lived until 1928.Cold storage 0oC 180 days. VitC 31. TRI
Eating
Pick early October. PickG mid–late September. Use November–January
Richard's Graft (a.k.a. Red Spitzenberg, Strawberry, Derrikinan)[9][26]
New York, US
<1852
Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 59 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Biennial. Flesh is yellowish-white, tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good. Tree is medium-sized.
Round, flattened and somewhat uneven-shaped apple. A fairly good cropper, keeping well into December. Raised by Charles Ross. AM from RHS in 1900. Width 73–81 mm (2.9–3.2 in), height 58–64 mm (2.3–2.5 in). Stalk 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in).
Eating, cooking
Pick late September–early October; use October–December
A yellow flat conical apple. Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Flesh is white, sweet, aromatic, dry. Stalk is short. Raised by Rivers' Nursery.
Skin yellow, almost completely covered with deep red blush. Width 56 mm, height 50 mm. Stalk 18 mm. Tree is a vigorous grower and regular and heavy bearer. One of the very best keeping apples. Not suited for England.
Rounded, deep red, and very glossy. Width 72–86 mm (2.8–3.4 in), height 66–74 mm (2.6–2.9 in). Stalk 28 mm (1.1 in). Flesh is yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, aromatic, mild subacid, good. Develops an extraordinary depth and richness when cooked. DBH 162–175.
Cooking, eating
Pick 45 October 15. Pick55 September 25. Use November–May
A green apple with red flush. Width 75–80 mm (3.0–3.1 in), height 68–75 mm (2.7–3.0 in). Stalk 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in). Flesh is greenish-white, subacid, very hard. Quality: cooking good, juice good. Cold storage 2oC 120 days.
Cooking, juice
PickG mid-October. Use December–July
Roter Stettiner (a.k.a. cs. Vejlímek červený, Štétinské, de. Roter Winterstettiner, fr. Rouge de Stettin)[14][33][16]
Germany or Poland
<1800
Greenish-yellow with red flush. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 55 mm (2.2 in). Stalk 11–15 mm (0.43–0.59 in). Flesh is yellowish-white, juicy, subacid. TRI
A red apple for juice and cider. Width 55 mm (2.2 in), height 47 mm (1.9 in). Stalk 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in). Flesh is white to yellow-green, crisp, acid, juicy.
Very large apple. Width 82 mm (3.2 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in). Stalk is short to medium. A first-rate culinary or desert apple. Flesh is greenish-yellow, dry, sweet pear-like flavour.
First tree was a chance seedling grown in Roxbury, Massachusetts, now a neighborhood of Boston. Oldest known variety of apple in America, planted by Pilgrim Fathers as foundation stock for Massachusetts Bay Colony. Knobbly, russetted coat gives green skin a bronze tinge. Flesh cream coloured flesh, firme, coarse, tender, juicy, subacid good to very good. Width 70–89 mm (2.8–3.5 in), height 57–76 mm (2.2–3.0 in), stalk 12–26 mm (0.47–1.02 in). Excellent keeper; resistant to fireblight. Mild flavour. Multi-purpose apple that is a wonderful choice for pies, eating fresh, or cider. Still available in New England farmer's markets; commercial interest recently renewed in this cultivar because of its past use as a cider apple.
Mutation of Gala. Flesh is yellow, firm, crisp, juicy.
Eating
Ripens before McIntosh. In Missouri, late August.
Ros Picant
Romania
19th century
Characterized by its distinct, faintly spicy flavor. Green and yellow, mostly used for making cider and Pálinka.
Cider, cooking, eating
Royal Jubilee (Graham's)(cs. Grahamovo, de. Graham, Grahams Jubiläumsapfel, ru. Graima iubileinoe, Zolotoe Graima, Graama iubileinoe.)[6][13][212][3][30][15][23][16]
Middlesex, England
1888, introduced 1893
Large yellow conical cooking apple. Width 65–90 mm (2.6–3.5 in), height 54–90 mm (2.1–3.5 in), weight 130–190 g (4.6–6.7 oz). Raised by John Graham of Hounslow. Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Tree is very dwarfed. Flesh is yellow, firm, subacid. Free from canker. VitC 5.
A most excellent culinary apple of first rate quality. Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 69 mm (2.7 in).
Cooking
Use November–May
Rozela
Czech Republic
2008
Flesh is medium firm, juicy with great aromatic flavour and delicate smell. The skin is attractive bright red with prominent lenticels. Annual producer of heavy crops, the resistant equivalent of Idared with outstanding flavour.
Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 12–22 mm (0.47–0.87 in). Cells ovate, axile. Unusual in the fact that it has scaly russet patches mixed with smooth. Raised by Mr. Harvey. One of the best early russets. Flesh is yellow, very juicy, vanilla/pear taste. Usually a light yellow-green.
Yellow with red flush, round oblate. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 64 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 16 mm (0.63 in). Tree is vigorous, large. Flesh is yellow firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good to very good.
Good flavour reminding one of Mother. Award of Merit from RHS in 1928. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk is short or medium-length. Flesh is juicy, sweet, aromatic.
A very excellent dessert apple of first-rate quality. AM from RHS in 1901. Flesh is pale yellow, sweet, firm, good. Width 57 mm (2.2 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in).
A dessert apple of first rate quality. The tree is a free and vigorous grower. Flesh is yellow, tender. Width 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in), height 54–60 mm (2.1–2.4 in). Weight 95-100 gram. Cells obovate, axile.
A fine cooking apple. FCC from RHS in 1880. Width 76 mm (3.0 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk is very short. Cells obovate, axile. P Golden Noble x Dumelow. Flesh is white, crisp, acid.
Sweet and crisp. Self-fertile, mid-season variety that ripens in early September and will store well for about a month. The blossom is frost hardy resulting in heavy crops and the tree can be grown in all areas of the UK. The flesh is crisp and aromatic, and the thin skin turns a deep red as it develops.
Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). FCC from RHS in 1885. A yellowish-green apple, striped with orange. Flesh is yellow, tender. Skin is slightly russetted.
Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 59 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Yellowish and green skin with reddish stripes. Flesh is crisp, juicy, sweet taste with vinous flavour. Tree moderately vigorous.
Yellow covered with russet. Width 45 mm (1.8 in), height 45 mm (1.8 in). Stalk 13 mm (0.51 in). Flesh is greenish yellow. Juice is highly aromatic and of most excellent flavour.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 70–90 mm (2.8–3.5 in), height 55–80 mm (2.2–3.1 in), weight 95–200 g (3.4–7.1 oz). Parentage Alexander x London Pippin. Cold Storage 1oC 60 days. VitC 7.
Eating, cooking
Use September–October
Sirius
Czech Republic
2007
Flesh is yellow, firm, crisp, finely-grained, very juicy, well balanced sugar and acid level, with a rich flavour
A dessert apple of good quality. Skin covered with grey russet. Width 60 mm (2.4 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in). Stalk is short and stout. Flesh is yellowish, juicy, aromatic flavour.
Yellow with red flush. Width 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in), height 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in), weight 70–100 g (2.5–3.5 oz). Short is stalk. Flesh is yellowish to white, firm, juicy, sweet. Disease resistant. Biennial.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in). Weight 100–150 g (3.5–5.3 oz). Stalk is short. Flesh is juicy, sweet, subacid.
A green apple with no overcolor. P Granny Smith x McIntosh Wijcik. Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Weight 175 g (6.2 oz). Stalk 21 mm (0.83 in). Flesh is fine, crisp, juicy. SS 11.6, TA 1.03
A yellow apple with purplish red stripes (50–100%). Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 77 mm (3.0 in). Flesh is pale yellow, firm, dry, subacid.
Cooking
Pick late September–early October. Use November–April.
Smith's (a.k.a. Smith's cider, fr. Popular Bluff)[9][8][26][33]
Pennsylvania, US
<1825
Width 70–83 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 60–76 mm (2.4–3.0 in). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Tree is very vigorous. Flesh is white, tender, juicy, crisp, subacid, good.
Width 82–88 mm (3.2–3.5 in), height 64–68 mm (2.5–2.7 in). Stalk 19–23 mm (0.75–0.91 in). Greenish-yellow with flushed red-orange stripes. The yellowish-white flesh is crisp and tender with a spicy-sweet flavour that tastes like cider. Excellent all-purpose apple. Unusual in that it also makes excellent cider. Seedling discovered growing next to the smokehouse on William Gibbons' farm in Mill Creek, PA. Bears fruit from young age. Tree moderately vigorous.
Width 64–70 mm (2.5–2.8 in), height 53–70 mm (2.1–2.8 in). Stalk 13 mm (0.51 in). Strong ribbing. Tree is vigorous. Flesh is white-pinkish, tender, sweet.
Flesh is yellow tinged with red. Juicy, subacid, good to very good. Width 71 mm (2.8 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Tree is vigorous, very hardy, an excellent bearer and not subject to canker.
Round-conical, yellow, 75–100% flushed crimson. Strong aroma. Prone to canker. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 56–58 mm (2.2–2.3 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Good all-purpose, medium-sized apple. Has a bright red blush and may have background patches of greens and yellows. Popular across border in United States as well. Cold storage 1oC 120 days.
Cooking, eating, cider
Pick45 September 16. Pick55 September 1. PickE early October. Use November–February.
A yellow apple with red flush (50–75%). Width 71 mm (2.8 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Stalk is long. Flesh is creamy white, firm, crisp, juicy, sweet. Parentage: McIntosh x Golden Delicious.
A greenish yellow apple with purplish red flush (25–50%). Width 79 mm (3.1 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk is long. Flesh is creamy white, juicy, sweet. TRI
Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 14 mm (0.55 in). Flesh is yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, acid to subacid. Very good. Superior for cooking.
Width 92 mm (3.6 in), height 84 mm (3.3 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Tree is vigorous, hardy, healthy. Flesh is yellow, firm, fine, tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good.
Width 57–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in), height 45–60 mm (1.8–2.4 in). Stalk 18 mm (0.71 in). Does nicely in fruit salads. Red striping on light background. Cold storage 4oC 20 days.
Dullish red skin often covered with a light russet. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in). Tart, wine-like flavour. Flesh is yellow, firm, coarse, tender, juicy, mild subacid, aromatic, good to very good. Stores well. Particularly known for tangy cider. Cold storage 1oC 150 days. DBH 166–175.
Cider, cooking, eating
Pick45 October 7. Pick55 September 25. Use January–May. DBH 167.
Width 67–76 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 54–60 mm (2.1–2.4 in). Stalk 18 mm (0.71 in). Cells wide open obovate, abaxile. Medium size, round, flattish, even apple. Flesh is white, juicy, acid very soft. Old trees canker badly.
An excellent dessert apple. Flesh is yellow firm, crisp, brisk and juicy, sweet, and with a perfumed flavour. Width 50 mm (2.0 in), height 50 mm (2.0 in).
One of the best culinary apples; for baking it is unrivalled. Width 90 mm (3.5 in), height 72 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 10 mm (0.39 in). Cells obovate, axile or abaxile.
A bright greenish-yellow apple with a reddish-brown blush, often on one face only. Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 62 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in). Cells obovate, axile, closed. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, subacid, aromatic. One of the best English keeping apples, with proper storage Sturmer Pippin lasts 4 to 5 months. Flavour is sprightly, more sharp than sweet when first picked, but improves dramatically in storage, becoming sweeter and richer, while maintaining its crisp texture. This keeping ability made it ideal for long journeys, as such, it was brought to Australia where it is still widely grown. Parent of Granny Smith.
A yellow apple with red flush. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). Weight 117 g (4.1 oz). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Flesh white, firm, crisp, sweet, subacid. Tree extremely vigorous.
Resistant to scab. Spreading habit with moderate vigour, fruit is large, average weight of 175 g (6.2 oz), skin is smooth, ripens 1–2 days before Gala, good storage ability.
A small apple, ripe in the end of August. Richer flavour than Yellow Ingestrie. Width 51 mm (2.0 in), height 54 mm (2.1 in). Cells obovate, axile, closed. Flesh yellowish, firm, very juicy, vinous and sugary flavour. The tree is a small grower. It is an early and abundant bearer.
Eating
PickE late august. Use within two weeks.
Summer Pearmain see Autumn Pearmain.
Summer Pearmain American (a.k.a. Early Summer Pearmain, American Summer Pearmain, Early Summer Pearmain)[56][70][57]
US
<1817
Greenish yellow with red overcolour. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 23 mm (0.91 in). Flesh yellowish, juicy, aromatic, mild, subacid.
Flesh white, tender, moderately juicy, subacid. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk variable. Cavity deep.
Cooking
Pick mid August. Use August–September.
Summer Pound Royal (a.k.a. Pound Royale, Orange)[8]
Unknown origin, US
<1800
Flesh white, fine-grained tender, juicy, subacid. Width 85 mm (3.3 in), height 71 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Tree is a strong grower. Once a profitable market variety.
Red apple. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). P (McIntosh x Golden Delicious) x unknown. Flesh is yellow to white, soft, juicy, subacid. Cold storage 1oC 60 days.
Eating
Pick early September, PickG late August–early September. Use September–October.
Width 79 mm, height 73 mm. Parentage Golden Delicious x (Cortland x Cox Orange Pippin). Overcolor 28%. Flesh cream-colored, firm, crisp, juicy, subacid, aromatic.
A greenish-yellow apple. Width 77 mm (3.0 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Stalk 18 mm (0.71 in). P Golden Delicious x (Winter Banana x PRI 2–19). SS 12.4%, TA 0.44%.
Easy to grow. Width 61–63 mm (2.4–2.5 in), height 51–54 mm (2.0–2.1 in). Stalk 15–22 mm (0.59–0.87 in). Has very similar flavour to Cox's Orange Pippin. Does not so well in heat. Cold storage 3oC 150 days.
Fruits ripen orange-red, Flesh sharp and aromatic. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 54–56 mm (2.1–2.2 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Tree vigorous. TRI
Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 19–26 mm (0.75–1.02 in). Flesh is yellowish, tender, aromatic, spicy, very good to best. Once one of the finest flavored apples in America. The trees bear fair crops.
A yellow to green apple with red overcolor (70–95%). Width 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in). Flesh is creamy white, crisp, juicy. subacid. Viewed as a successor to the Honeycrisp by many growers.[who?]
Width 74 mm (2.9 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). Flesh is yellow, juicy, very sweet. Good to very good. Tree hardy, moderate bearer.
Large fruit, some russeting near top. Diameter 69–89 mm (2.7–3.5 in). Moderately acidic taste. P (Malinda x unknown) x Northern Spy. Tree is moderately vigorous. DBH 125–135.
Width 65 mm, height 52 mm. Stalk 12 mm. Cells small, obovate, axile. Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, juicy, subacid. One of the most excellent dessert apples. The tree is a free grower and an excellent bearer.
Round, conical, pale yellow with slight brownish flush, flesh crisp, yellowish, acid cooks extremely well. P Mother x Dumelow. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1892. Width and height 64 mm (2.5 in). Raised by Rivers' Nursery.
A green apple with red flush. Width 70–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 70–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in), weight 85–125 g (3.0–4.4 oz). Stalk medium to long. Flesh is juicy, subacid.
Very sweet apple. Width 79 mm (3.1 in), height 67 mm (2.6 in). Stalk 27 mm (1.1 in). Once used to make dried fruit for winter. Flesh white, firm, dry, sweet, good to very good.
Small to medium, flat and irregularly shaped apple. Green, usually covered entirely with a bright red blush. Width 65–78 mm (2.6–3.1 in), height 55–63 mm (2.2–2.5 in). Cells ovate, axile, open. Crisp, sharp flavour. An excellent cooker and ideal single-variety cider apple. Softens during storage. Tree is vigorous and precocious. Scab-resistant. Seedling found by a Rev. Tom Putt of Trent, Somerset, England in the late 1700s. Triploid.
Extremely large apple, and of excellent quality both as a dessert fruit and for cooking. The fruit shape is uniform and the skin mostly red with some yellow stripes. The flesh is yellowish and crisp. The fruit does not keep as well as some other apple cultivars.
A first rate culinary apple, once very popular in Lanarkshire. Greenish in colour, with some russeting near the stalk considered normal.[225] Width 73 mm (2.9 in), height 70 mm (2.8 in). Stalk 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in). Cells roundish obovate, abaxile. Triploid.
P polycross from Jerseymac x Anna selections. Width 70 mm (2.8 in). One of a handful of apple varieties that will grow in Florida; will not do well in cold weather at all.
Huge: apple weighs nearly 500 g (1.1 lb). Green overlaid with broad red striping. Stalk is short, thick. Flesh is whitish-yellow, tender, juicy, subacid, good. Excellent cooker. Nice juice qualities.
Parentage: Laxton Superb x Cox Orange Pippin. Good storage qualities, but loses fragrance with age. Width 58–65 mm (2.3–2.6 in), height 55–60 mm (2.2–2.4 in). Stalk 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in). Sometimes cultivated in California; one of a handful of British apples that will thrive in the state.
A pale yellow apple. Width 64 mm (2.5 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in). Cells obovate, axile open or abaxile. FCC from RHS in 1883. Rather subject to canker.
Green with some orange overcolour. Width 77–80 mm (3.0–3.1 in), height 68 mm (2.7 in). Weight 180–230 g (6.3–8.1 oz). Stalk 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in). P Jonathan x unknown. Cold storage 2oC 180 days.
Eating
PickE mid-October. PickG late October. Use November–February.
A greenish yellow apple with red stripes. Width 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in), height 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in). Weight 100–120 g (3.5–4.2 oz). Flesh is crisp, juicy, subacid.
Width 88 mm (3.5 in), height 65 mm (2.6 in). Flesh is white, subacid.
Cooking
Use January–April.
Virginischer Rosenapfel (cs. Letni panenske ruzové, Virginské ruźové, de. Virginischer Rosenapfel, fr. Rose de Virginie, pl. Rozanka wirgioniska sv. Vitgylling, Virginskt Rosenäpple)[23][24][27][16]
Europe
<1800
Width 69 mm (2.7 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). Flesh is sweet, subacid, fair to good.
A yellow-green apple with red flush. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 60 mm (2.4 in). Weight 100 g (3.5 oz). Stalk 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in). Flesh is creamy white, aromatic, crisp. P ((Melba x Sonora) x ((Williams x Starr) x USDA34)) x Julyred.
Eating
Ripens with Melba. PickE early August. PickG late August–mid-September
Vitgylling see Virginisher Rosenapfel
Von Zuccalmaglios Rennete(cs. Zukalmagliova reneta)[3][16][7]
Germany
1878
Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 61 mm (2.4 in), weight 115 g (4.1 oz). Flesh is crisp, juicy, aromatic, subacid to sweet. Biennial. Cold storage 0oC 180 days. VitC 14. Density 0.78
A greenish yellow apple with red flush. Width 72 mm (2.8 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Weight 132 g (4.7 oz). Stalk medium to long. Flesh is juicy, sweet.
Antique American variety, known since Colonial times. Tree is hardy, early bearer, scab-resistant. Green with red flush. Flesh is yellowish, tender, subacid and vinous, very good to best. Width 70–88 mm (2.8–3.5 in), height 51–63 mm (2.0–2.5 in), stalk 13–26 mm (0.51–1.02 in). Keeps very well. Very versatile in kitchen; not only does it cook well, but makes a good single-variety cider. Wagener is a parent of Idared, to which it imparts its keeping and cooking qualities.
A dessert apple of the first quality, equal in flavour to the Ribston Pippin and will keep until May. Cells obovate, axile. Flesh is yellow, firm crisp, juicy, rich, sugary, and highly flavoured.
Oblong and light green. Very tart. Width 90–95 mm (3.5–3.7 in), height 62–76 mm (2.4–3.0 in). Stalk 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in). Cells roundish ovate, abaxile. Should be cooked before eating; not suitable as an uncooked eating apple. Triploid.
Pretty reddish pink coat. Flesh is white, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, subacid, aromatic, good to very good. Believed at one time Minnesota was too cold to grow apples until "Wealthy" was cultivated. Now a parent to many apples for resistance to temperatures below freezing. Still available in upper Midwest. Width 67–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), height 53–61 mm (2.1–2.4 in). Stalk 10–22 mm (0.39–0.87 in). Parentage Jonathan x Ducess of Oldenburg. VitC 14. DBH 116.
Eating
Pick50 September 1. PickE mid-September. Use September–December.
A greenish-yellow apple with red flush. Width 75 mm (3.0 in), height 62 mm (2.4 in). Stalk is short. Flesh is whitish yellow, aromatic, subacid. Quality is good for eating.
Golden yellow striped with crimson. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). Tree is vigorous. Flesh is firm, yellowish, sweet, good. Am from RHS in 1904.
Eating
Western Beauty(a.k.a. Musgroves Cooper, Big Rambo, Ohio Beauty)[9][229]
US
<1850
Width 89 mm (3.5 in), height 74 mm (2.9 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Flesh is light yellow, tender, juicy, vinous, subacid. Tree is vigorous, productive, early bearer.
A medium-sized conic to truncate-conic apple. Width 70 mm (2.8 in), height 58 mm (2.3 in). Stalk 20 mm (0.79 in). Greenish-yellow, dull skin, flushed orange with carmine stripes, russet dots and patches. Shaded fruit are often irregularly russeted all over, with little colour showing. Flesh is light buttery-yellow, firm but tender, and moderately fine-grained. Flavour is nicely balanced, a honey-like sweetness balanced with a lemon-like citric acidity, rich, notes of pear and vanilla. Vigorous grower, some disease resistance.
Medium-sized fruit, entirely covered with pale yellowish grey russet. Cells ovate, axile, closed. A highly flavoured dessert apple of the first quality. Triploid.
A yellow apple. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 65–70 mm (2.6–2.8 in). Stalk 12–18 mm (0.47–0.71 in). Flesh is white, crisp, juicy, subacid, very good to best.
Very pale green skin. Flesh is white, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good. Fruit bruises easily and goes soft once harvested. Width 55–72 mm (2.2–2.8 in), height 55–68 mm (2.2–2.7 in), weight 85–100 g (3.0–3.5 oz). Stalk 26 mm (1.0 in). AM from RHS in 1895. Cold storage 4oC 20 days. VitC 15. Density 0.77 DBH 75
Cooking, pie, eating
Pick45 August 1. Pick50 July 22. Pick55 July 10. PickE late July–early August. Pickg July 15–August 7. Use July–August.
Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 52 mm (2.0 in). Stalk 14 mm (0.55 in). Flesh id grennish-yellow, juicy, subacid, aromatic, spicy.
Eating
Use December–February.
Whorle Pippin (a.k.a. Lady Derby, Thorle Pippin)[11][5]
Scotland
<1831
Summer dessert apple of first-rate quality. Flesh white, firm, crisp and very juicy, with a brisk flavour. Width 65 mm (2.6 in), height 51 mm (2.0 in).
A pearmain-shaped yellow apple with red overcolour on the side next the sun. Width and height 50 mm (2.0 in). Flesh is greenish yellow, crisp, juicy, and highly flavoured. An excellent dessert apple.
A green apple with 70% red overcolor. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 62 mm (2.4 in). Weight 164 g (5.8 oz). Mutation of McIntosh apple that first showed columnar ornamental properties. SS 12.6 TA 0.88
High-quality, well-coloured dessert apple. Raised at Rowe's Nurseries, Worcester, England. AM from RHS in 1908. First Class Certificate from RHS in 1910. A yellow apple half covered with red flush. Width 70–74 mm (2.8–2.9 in), height 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in). Stalk 13 mm (0.51 in).
Width 56–69 mm (2.2–2.7 in), height 52–69 mm (2.0–2.7 in). Stalk 15 mm (0.59 in). AM from RHS in 1895. Flesh is crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, good. Tree is moderately vigorous.
Yellow with red flush. Width 84 mm (3.3 in), height 68–73 mm (2.7–2.9 in). Stalk 22 mm (0.87 in). Flesh is pleasant, subacid. Valuable for late keeping
A round to oblong 100% red apple. Similar in shape and color to Winesap. Diameter 60–65 mm (2.4–2.6 in), height 60–63 mm. Weight 200 g (7.1 oz). Stalk 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in). Flesh is yellow-white, crisp, juicy. Tree moderately vigorous, annual and heavy bearing. SS 12.75 DBH 172.
Eating
Pick45 October 10. Pick55 September 30. Use October–April.
Sweet with tangy finish. Reddish blush flecked with some green. Width 67 mm (2.6 in), height 63 mm (2.5 in). Stalk 17–20 mm (0.67–0.79 in). Flesh is yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, good to very good. Cold storage 0oC 150 days.
Cider, eating
Pick45 October 20. PickE late October. Use October–March.
A yellow to green apple with red flush and stripes (40–70%). Cox Orange × Worcester Pearmain. Originally called Winter King because of its extraordinary keeping ability, renamed during World War II for Winston Churchill. Width 65–72 mm (2.6–2.8 in), height 60–64 mm (2.4–2.5 in). Stalk 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in). Cold storage 3-4oC 140 days.
Large, late dessert apple for use in December to March. Award of Merit from RHS in 1912. A golden yellow apple. 25–75% flushed with pinkish brown. Width 78 mm (3.1 in), height 71 mm (2.8 in). Flesh is yellow, firm, crisp, aromatic, juicy, mild subacid good to very good. VitC 13–20.
Eating
PickE early October. PickG mid–late October. Use December–March.
A narrow conical ribbed apple. Width 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in), height 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in). Stalk is very short. Cells ovate, axile. Flesh is yellow, firm crisp, juicy and a very pleasant flavour.
A bright crimson apple. Width 63 mm (2.5 in), height 57 mm (2.2 in). AM from RHS in 1895. P London Pippin x Devonshire Quarrenden. Flesh is greenish-yellow, poor.
Apple very large, some growing to size of large grapefruit. Red with yellow blush. Once very popular commercial apple in United States but presently relegated to upper Midwest if grown for profit. Occasionally can be found growing wild in backcountry thickets or abandoned land in Shenandoah Valley. Named for area where found. Flesh is white, firm, tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, fair to good. Feral trees can be brought back with care and pruning. Width 80 mm (3.1 in), height 62 mm (2.4 in).
Cooking, eating
Pick45 September 5. Pick55 August 15. PickE mid-September. Use October–December.
A small apple. Flesh is white, tender, juicy, subacid, good.
Eating
Use March·May.
Yellow Bellflower (a.k.a. Connecticut Seek-No-Further, cs. Kraskokvět žlutý, de. Gelber Bellefleur, fr. Belle fleur jaune, Belle flavoise, pl. Pepina Linneusza, ru. Jioltîi belflior, Krasotvet)[3][9][25][26][33][32][57][16]
Burlington, New Jersey, US
<1800
A yellow apple. Width 72–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 72–98 mm (2.8–3.9 in), weight 160 g (5.6 oz). Stalk 11–26 mm (0.43–1.02 in). A favorite for baked apples. Banana flavour. Tree is large, vigorous. Flesh is yellow, tender, juicy, crisp, subacid, very good. VitC 18. Density 0.77.
Cooking. Eating.
PickE early–mid-October. PickG late October. Use December–February.
Small, even, golden yellow apple. P Orange Pippin x Golden Pippin. Flesh is firm, very juicy and delicately flavoured. Width 53 mm (2.1 in), height 59 mm (2.3 in). Cells ovate, axile, closed.
Width 92 mm (3.6 in), height 76 mm (3.0 in). Stalk is short to medium. Cells obovate, abaxile. Tree is very dwarfed. Flesh is white, firm, dry, acid. Triploid.
Large yellow apple with russet, somewhat like Belle de Boskoop. Width 70–85 mm (2.8–3.3 in), height 60–75 mm (2.4–3.0 in), weight 128–208 g (4.5–7.3 oz). Cold storage 4oC 180 days. High in sugar; 14.8%. VitC 14. Density 0.84
Eating
PickE early-mid October. PickG mid–late October. Pickg October 15–30. Use October–March.
A greenish yellow apple. Width 55–65 mm (2.2–2.6 in), height 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in), weight 170–210 g (6.0–7.4 oz). Stalk is short. Flesh is firm, sweet, juicy.
A yellow apple with russet and red overcolor. Width 55–70 mm (2.2–2.8 in), height 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in). Flesh is greenish-white, crisp, juicy, subacid.
A yellow apple reminiscent of Golden Delicious. Flesh soft, juicy.
Eating
PickE early September. Use September - October.
Zuccalmaglio (see Von Zuccalmaglios renette)
Cider apples
Cider apples are a variety of apples that may be far too sour or bitter for fresh eating, but are used for making cider. Varieties in italics are used for both cider and eating purposes.
Selection of rootstock cultivars can be difficult: vigorous roots tend to give trees that are healthy but grow too tall to be harvested easily without careful pruning, while dwarfing rootstocks result in small trees that are easy to harvest from, but are often shorter-lived and sometimes less healthy. Most modern commercial orchards use one of the "Malling series" (a.k.a. 'M' series), introduced or developed by the East Malling Research Station from the early 20th century onward. However, a great deal of work has been done recently introducing new rootstocks in Poland, the U.S. (Geneva), and other nations. The Polish rootstocks are often used where cold hardiness is needed. The Geneva series of rootstocks has been developed to resist important diseases such as fireblight and collar rot, as well as for high fruit productivity.
^D.L. Downing, Processed Apple products, New York, 1989
Further reading
Two of the most comprehensive publications on apple cultivars are:
Khanizadeh, S. and J. Cousineau. 1998. "Our Apples/ Les Pommiers de Chez Nous", A Description of Over 250 Apple Cultivars Grown in Eastern and Central Canada Including 400 Coloured Photographs of the Fruits, Flowers and Leaves. Publisher Shahrokh Khanizadeh, 260 p. Ed: S. Khanizadeh. ISBN0-660-60543-0.
For Cider apples - "Cider Apples, The New Pomona" ISBN978-0-9568994-2-2 by Liz Copas
Apples (ISBN0-393-03690-1) by Roger Yepsen. Text of apple history and descriptions with full-color watercolor illustrations of 90 apple varieties by Yepsen. W.W. Norton and Company, New York and London.
Khanizadeh, S. and J. Cousineau. 1998. "Our Apples/ Les Pommiers de Chez Nous", A Description of Over 250 Apple Cultivars Grown in Eastern and Central Canada Including 400 Coloured Photographs of the Fruits, Flowers and Leaves. Publisher Shahrokh Khanizadeh, 260 p. Ed: S. Khanizadeh. ISBN0-660-60543-0.
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