This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2022)

This is a list of blockchains - decentralized, cryptographic databases - and other distributed ledgers.

List

Name Date created Created by Native cryptocurrency Consensus algorithm Programmable? Private?[Note 1] Permissioned?[Note 1] Finality Ledger state Notes Refs.
Bitcoin January 3, 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto

BTC

PoW with Nakamoto Consensus Yes (scripts) No No Probabilistic UTXO First and most well-known blockchain of all; BTC is the most valuable token in terms of market share. ,[1][2]
Litecoin Oct 8, 2011 Charlie Lee LTC PoW Yes (scripts) Yes ,[1][3]
Primecoin Jul 7, 2013 Sunny King XPM PoW Work is finding long Cunningham chains of prime numbers
MazaCoin 2014? Payu Harris, AnonymousPirate[4] MAZA Initially created for the Oglala Lakota Tribe,[4] but never quite used for that purpose
Namecoin ? NMC Allows users to register names; precursor to NFTs
Ethereum Jul 30, 2015 Ethereum Foundation

(founded by Vitalik Buterin and others)

ETH

ETH 1.0 - PoW with Nakamoto consensus, ETH 2.0 - PoS with supermajority Yes No No ETH 1.0 Probabilistic, ETH 2.0 Economic Account-balance ETH is the second most valuable token in terms of market share; switched to PoS (the “merge”) on September 15, 2022; progenitor of Ethereum Classic [1][5]
Arbitrum ? Offchain Labs ETH Optimistic rollup Yes EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum [6]
Base ? Coinbase ETH Optimistic rollup Yes EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum [7]
Optimism ? Optimism PBC ETH Optimistic rollup Yes EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum [6][7]
StarkNet ? StarkWare STRK ZK-rollup Yes Layer-2 on Ethereum [8]
Linea January 2024 ConsenSys ETH ZK-rollup Yes ? zkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
Polygon zkEVM ? Polygon Technology ETH ZK-rollup Yes zkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
XinFin June 1, 2019 XinFin Fintech, XDC Foundation XDC XDPOS Yes No No immediate XDC Network is an layer 1 EVM compatible, environmental friendly, near zero transaction cost with high speed settlement blockchain platform.
Peercoin Aug 19, 2012 PPC PoW Yes (scripts) No ,[1][9]
Ethereum Classic Jul 20, 2016 ETC PoW Yes No No Split from Ethereum due to The DAO hack earlier that month [1]
Bitcoin Cash Aug 1, 2017 BCH PoW [10] split from Bitcoin
Cardano ADA DPoS Yes No No Probabilistic UTXO ,[1][11][12]
TRON Jun 24, 2018 TRON DPoS Yes No ,[1][13]
Tezos Jun 30, 2018 Arthur and Kathleen Breitman XTZ PoS Yes No ,[1][14]
Bitcoin SV Nov 2018 BSV PoW Yes (scripts) No split from Bitcoin Cash, itself split from Bitcoin [1]
Lightning Network[relevant?] 2018 n/a ? Layer-2 on Bitcoin
Algorand Jun 10, 2019 Silvio Micali and others ALGO PoS Yes No No Immediate Uses a verifiable random function to choose random validators for consensus [15]
Solana March 16, 2020 Anatoly Yakovenko and Raj Gokal SOL PoS with Proof of History (PoH) Yes No No Immediate Account-balance [16]
$PC Sep 16, 2019 $PC PoS Yes (scripts) No No $PC future well-known blockchain [17]
Polkadot May 26, 2020 DOT Started with PoA then moved to PoS Yes No No Parachains on Polkadot support smart contracts, but not the relay chain. [18][19]
Avalanche ? Emin Gün Sirer, Maofan "Ted" Yin and Kevin Sekniqi AVAX
MobileCoin Dec 6, 2020 MobileCoin Inc. (founded by Josh Goldbard and Shane Glynn) MOB
Internet Computer ? DFINITY Foundation (founded by Dominic WIlliams) ICP Computation is very cheap; can host websites
DESO Jan 18, 2021 Nader al-Naji (aka diamondhands) and others DESO (formerly BTCLT, CLOUT) social media; flagship app BitClout; name acquired in Sep 2021 [20]
Terra Classic ? Do Kwon and others LUNC (formerly LUNA), UST Formerly Terra until May 2022; ecosystem collapsed in May 2022 (UST depegged to near-zero and LUNA also went to near-zero)
Terra 2.0 May 28, 2022 LUNA New blockchain created following the collapse of Terra. [21]
Stellar Apr 6, 2016 XLM BFT ? ? Yes ? [9]
EOS.IO Jul 1, 2017 ? EOS DPoS Yes No ? ? [9]
LBRY ? LBC
Ripple June 2012 Ripple Labs XRP BFT No No No Immediate Account-balance Blockchain is known as XRP Ledger. Smart contract capabilities are being added. ,[22][23][24]
Stacks ? STX
Vertcoin ? VTC
Hedera Hashgraph ? HBAR Yes No Yes Account-balance Uses a directed acyclic graph instead of a chain per se
Zcash Oct 28, 2016[9] ZEC PoW Yes uses zero-knowledge proofs for privacy
Monero Apr 18, 2014 XMR PoW No Yes ,[1][9]
Bitcoin Gold BTG PoW Yes (scripts) No [1]
Dogecoin DOGE PoW No No [1]
Hyperledger Fabric ? Linux Foundation N/A BFT, PoA Yes Yes Yes Immediate Account-balance
R3 Corda ? R3 N/A PoA (by notaries) Yes Yes Yes Immediate UTXO
Polygon PoS ? ? MATIC PoS Yes No No Immediate Account-balance network anchored to Ethereum [7]
Binance Smart Chain ? Binance BNB PoS and PoA Yes No Yes Immediate ? Binance Smart Chain is now merged with Binance chain and called BNB chain. Validators on BNB chain are chosen by BNB Beacon chain validators who are permissioned. Hence, BNB chain is considered permissioned. [25]
Quorum Nov 22, 2016 ? Ether PoA with supermajority voting Yes Yes Yes Immediate Account-balance Enterprise version of Ethereum [26]
Aptos Oct 12, 2022 Aptos Foundation APT BFT Yes No No Finality? Ledger state? [27]
NEAR 24 Sep, 2020 NEAR Foundation NEAR Started with PoA then moved to PoS Yes No No Finality Account-balance [28]
IOTA Jul 11, 2016 IOTA Foundation MIOTA PoW/TaPoW[clarification needed] No No Yes Immediate UTXO Smart contract capabilities are being added. ,[1][29][30]
Nano October 4, 2015 Colin LeMahieu XNO Open Representative Voting No No No Instant (less than1 second) with deterministic finality Account-balance
  1. ^ a b Defined as per ISO 22739:2020 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies standard (see https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:22739:ed-1:v1:en):
    • Public - blockchain/DLT system which is accessible to the public for use.
    • Private - blockchain/DLT that is accessible for use only to a limited group of DLT users.
    • Permissioned - requiring authorization to perform a particular activity or activities.
    • Permissionless - not requiring authorization to perform any particular activity.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "List of blockchains by consensus, smart contracts and privacy". DLT-Repo. December 27, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  2. ^ "Block: 0 | Blockchain Explorer". www.blockchain.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  3. ^ "Litecoin (LTC) Block: #1". litecoinblockexplorer.net. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Consunji, Bianca (September 18, 2014). "One Man's Lonely Quest to Build 'Bitcoin for Native Americans'". Mashable. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  5. ^ "On Settlement Finality". Ethereum Foundation Blog. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
  6. ^ a b Coll Aumatell, Roger (July 7, 2021). Analysis and Development of Blockchain Rollups (Master's Thesis). Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c "USDC to be available on 15 blockchains after adding 6—including Base, Optimism, and Polygon PoS—over next 2 months". Fortune. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  8. ^ Meir Orbach (March 10, 2022). "StarkWare set to hit $6 billion valuation in new funding round". ctech. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e Bamakana, S.M. Hosseini; Motavalia, Amirhossein; Bondarti, A. Babaei (April 13, 2020). "A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria". Expert Systems with Applications. 154 (113385): 113385. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113385. S2CID 218814732.
  10. ^ Larson, Selena (August 1, 2017). "Bitcoin split in two, here's what that means". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  11. ^ "CardanoGenesisBlock NFT". cardanogenesisblock.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  12. ^ "Epoch | Cardano Explorer". explorer.cardano.org. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  13. ^ "TRONSCAN | TRON BlockChain Explorer | 波场区块链浏览器". TRON. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  14. ^ "Tezos Genesis Block". www.objkt.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  15. ^ "Algorand Block #". algoexplorer.io. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  16. ^ "Explorer | Solana". explorer.solana.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  17. ^ "Explorer | $PC". lowgas.io. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  18. ^ Polkadot [@polkadot] (May 26, 2021). "The network's genesis block was produced 1 year ago today" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  19. ^ "Polkadot / Block / 1". blockchair.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  20. ^ "Bitclout blockchain explorer | Cloutangel". explorer.cloutangel.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  21. ^ Terra 🌍 Powered by LUNA 🌕 [@terra_money] (May 28, 2022). "1/ Block 1 of the brand new Terra blockchain (with a chain_id of "Phoenix-1") has officially been produced at 06:00 AM UTC on May 28th, 2022!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  22. ^ "Consensus". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  23. ^ "Consensus Protections Against Attacks and Failure Modes". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  24. ^ "XRPL's Origin". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  25. ^ "Consensus Engine". BNB Chain Documentation. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  26. ^ "Configure QBFT consensus". IOTA Wiki. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  27. ^ "Aptos Tokenomics Overview". Aptos Foundation. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  28. ^ "NEAR MainNet is now Community-Operated". NEAR. September 24, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  29. ^ "The Coordinator". ConsenSys. September 27, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  30. ^ @iota (June 24, 2016). "Launch date of IOTA is set to July 11" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

General refs

External links

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