The capital of Andhra Pradesh have been changed various times since its formation.


Hyderabad State in 1956 (in yellowish green). After reorganisation in 1956, regions of the state west of the red and blue lines merged with the Bombay and Mysore states respectively, and the rest of the state (Telangana) was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. The capital of the newly formed state was Hyderabad.

On 1 October 1953, Andhra State was formed with its capital as Kurnool. It was formed after the Andhra movement, led by various Telugu leaders. During the same time, campaigns such as Visalandhra movement started in Andhra State and by Telugu-speaking people in Hyderabad State. States Reorganisation Act, 1956 came into effect from 1 November 1956 with an aim to organising the boundaries of India's states and territories along linguistic lines. As a result, the central government, led by Nehru, merged Andhra State and Hyderabad State (Telugu-speaking areas are now Telangana) to form united Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956 after ensuring safeguards to Telangana in the form of a gentleman's agreement. Hyderabad became the new capital of the state of united Andhra Pradesh.

There have been several movements to revoke the merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of Telangana Political Joint Action Committee, TJAC including political leadership representing the Telangana area.[1] On 9 December 2009 the government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009.

The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana.[2] There have been hundreds of claimed suicides,[3] strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood.

On 30 July 2013, the Congress Working Committee unanimously passed a resolution to recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in the Parliament of India in February 2014.[4] In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.[5] The bill received the assent of the president and published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014.[6] The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014 with its capital as Hyderabad.

Amaravati was founded by former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu in 2014 as the Greenfield administrative capital city of the Andhra Pradesh state, and its foundation stone was laid at Uddandarayunipalem by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi on 22 October 2015.[7] In 2017, Andhra Pradesh Government began operating officially from the newly planned capital city Amaravati.[8][9] In August 2020, Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly passed Andhra Pradesh Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Act, 2020. According to its provisions, Visakhapatnam is the executive capital while Amaravati and Kurnool serve as legislative and judicial capitals, respectively.[10] The decision resulted in widespread protests by the farmers of Amaravati.[11] The act has been challenged in Andhra Pradesh High Court, which ordered to maintain status quo until the court completes its hearing. On 22 November 2021, the government, led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, have withdrawn the act. The decision to withdraw the act was taken at an emergency cabinet meeting held on 21 November 2021.[12]

List

Capital(s) From To Notes Ref.
Andhra State (1953–1956)
Kurnool 1 October 1953 1 November 1956 [13]
Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)
Hyderabad 1 November 1956 2 June 2014 Capital [14]
Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad 2 June 2014 May 2024 as the de jure capital
Visakhapatnam 1 August 2020 22 November 2021 as legislative capital
Kurnool as judicial capital
Amaravati 22 October 2015 31 July 2020 as full-fledged capital [15]
1 August 2020 22 November 2021 as executive capital [16]
22 November 2021 Present as full-fledged capital [17]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "How Telangana movement has sparked political turf war in Andhra". Rediff. 5 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  2. ^ "Pro-Telangana AP govt employees threaten agitation". The Economic Times. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  3. ^ "Telangana Protests, Student Suicides Increase in Hyderabad During Budget Sessions". Politics Daily. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  4. ^ "Telangana bill passed in Lok Sabha; Congress, BJP come together in favour of new state". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  5. ^ "Telangana bill passed by upper house". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  6. ^ "The Andhra Pradesh reorganisation act, 2014" (PDF). Ministry of law and justice, government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  7. ^ "Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making", The Economic Times, 22 October 2015
  8. ^ "Andhra Pradesh To Get New Capital Amaravati Today, PM Modi To Inaugurate". NDTV. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  9. ^ P, Ashish (2 March 2017). "Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu inaugurates new Andhra Pradesh Assembly". India Today. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  10. ^ "YS Jaganmohan Reddy's three-capital plan on track as Andhra Pradesh governor gives nod to two bills".
  11. ^ Sudhir, Uma (13 January 2020). "Won't Celebrate Harvest Festival, Say Amaravati Farmers Amid Protests". NDTV. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  12. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Andhra Pradesh scraps controversial three capital model". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Indian Express October 2, 1953". Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  14. ^ "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (PDF). India Code Legislative Department. Ministry of Law and Justice. 1 March 2014. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making", The Economic Times, 22 October 2015
  16. ^ "Andhra Governor gives nod to CM Jagan Mohan Reddy's three-capital plan". Livemint. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  17. ^ Gopi Dara (22 November 2021). "AP Capital News: Andhra Pradesh govt withdraws three-capitals bills | Vijayawada News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
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