Communism in Nepal
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The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.

Active parties

National parties

Political party Leader Founded Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local government Notes
Pratinidhi Sabha Rastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (UML)[1] Khadga Prasad Oli 1991
78 / 275
17 / 59
161 / 550
11,929 / 35,097
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[1] Pushpa Kamal Dahal 1994
32 / 275
16 / 59
83 / 550
5,045 / 35,097

Other parliamentary parties

Name Leader Founded Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local government Notes
Pratinidhi Sabha Rastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) Madhav Kumar Nepal 2021
10 / 275
8 / 59
24 / 550
987 / 35,097
 Split from CPN (UML)
Rastriya Janamorcha[2] Chitra Bahadur K.C. 2006
1 / 275
1 / 59
1 / 550
159 / 35,097
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party[3] Narayan Man Bijukchhe 1975
1 / 275
3 / 550
85 / 35,057
  • Split from the CPN (Pushpa Lal)
  • Originally founded as Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

Minor parties

Name Leader Notes
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)[4] Chandra Prakash Mainali Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)[5] Mohan Baidya Split from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal[6] Rishi Ram Kattel Formed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist) Bishnu Raj Aryal
Nepal Communist Party Netra Bikram Chand[7] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)

Not registered with the Election Commission of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) Durga Prasad Gyawali
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Mohan Bikram Singh[8][9] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[10] Gopal Kirati Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Patriotic People's Republican Front[10] Chandra Prakash Gajurel Electoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)[11]
Communist Party of Nepal (United) Chandra Dev Joshi Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Scientific Socialist Communist Party Nepal Bishwabhakta Dulal Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[12]
Communist Party of Nepal (Bolshevik)
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal)

Defunct parties

Name Foundation Year Dissolution Year Notes
Communist League 1946
Communist Party of Nepal 1949 1962 Split into Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)
Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) 1962

1992

1991

1994

Split from Communist Party of Nepal

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) 1962

1992

1991

2001

Split from Communist Party of Nepal

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)

Renamed in 1983 as Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) 1968 1987 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) 1973 1975 Founded All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) 1974 1990 Split from Central Nucleus

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation, Nepal 1974 1978 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Originally formed as Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal

Renamed to Proletarian Revolutionary Organization, Nepal in 1976

Merged into Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist) 1975 1978 Founded from Nepal Revolutionary Organization (Marxist-Leninist)

Founded Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Mukti Morcha Samuha 1976 1977 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) 1978 1991 Founded from All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) 1979 1991 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) in 1991

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) 1979 1986 Split from Central Nucleus

Originally formed as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Conference)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) in 1982

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Rebel Unity Centre 1980 1981 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Proletarian Communist League 1980 1983 Split from Ati Gopyatabadi Group

Formed Proletarian Workers Organization with a splinter group of Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) 1981 2005 Originally founded as Nepal Marxist-Leninist Party

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma) 1981 1981 Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation
Nepal Front 1981 Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization (Hareram Sharma)
Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh) 1981 1986 Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Matri Samuha) 1983 1984 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) 1983 2001 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) 1984 1991 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) 1986 1991 Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) 1991 2001 Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) 1991 2005 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (United) 1991 2005 Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Burma), Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) 1991 2018 Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) 1994 2018 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2008 as Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2016 as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) 1998 2002 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) 1999 2009 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) 1999 2005 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal) 2002 2009 Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre) 2005 2007 Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Malema)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) 2005 2013 Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal 2006 2006 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) 2007 2013 Formed through merger of splinter groups of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (United) 2007 2017 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Revolutionary Left Wing 2008 Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 2009 2016 Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Merged with Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Socialist) 2010 2013 Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) 2013 2017
Nepal Communist Party 2019 2021 Formed through merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre)
Barre Sangarsh Samuha Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Central Nucleus
Communist Party of Nepal (Janamukhi)
Independent Thought Group
Marxist Communist Party of Nepal
Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Communist Party
Nepal Communist League Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Nepal Red Communist Party Split from Communist League
Nepal Samyabadi Dal
Rebel Marxist–Leninist
Revolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal 1980 Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Revolutionary Communist Organising Committee 1978 Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Sandesh Samuha 1978 Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Nepal top court quashes 2018 formation of ruling Nepal Communist Party". The Indian Express. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  2. ^ "राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा, Rastriya Janamorcha - RAJAMO, National Peoples' Front". www.rajamo.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  3. ^ "नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी – नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी". nwpp.org.np. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  4. ^ "Communist Party of Nepal Marxist Leninist". www.cpnml.org.np. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  5. ^ "CPN-Revolutionary Maoist forms Morcha to take part in election". Dainik Nepal. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  6. ^ "Unified left to find an alternative name; 'Nepal Communist Party' taken - The Himalayan Times". The Himalayan Times. 20 February 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  7. ^ PTI (24 November 2014). "Nepali CPN-Maoist splits, General Secretary Netra Bikram Chand leaves party". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  8. ^ "Mohan Bikram Singh falls ill, Nepal PM pledges medical aid – OnlineKhabar". Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  9. ^ "English | मोहन बिक्रम सिंह". www.mohanbikramsingh.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Fringe communist parties launch a movement against the ruling Nepal Communist Party, calling them 'fascists'". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Baidya-led Maoist forms Morcha to contest election". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  12. ^ "मार्क्स दिवसमा जन्मियो नयाँ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी, को-को छन् आहुति नेतृत्वको पार्टीमा (सूचिसहित)". Sajha Post. 5 May 2018. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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