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((short description|None))

((more citations needed|date=March 2020))
((Lists of capitals))
The '''list of countries whose capital is not their largest city''' refers to the list of [[sovereign states]] whose [[Capital city|capital]] is not their most populated city((efn|the population data is based on [[city proper]] instead of [[metropolitan area]])).

==List==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:left"
!Country || Capital || Population || Largest city || Population || Ratio || Notes
|-
| ((flag|Australia)) || '''[[Canberra]]''' ||align=right| 426,704 || [[Sydney]] ||align=right| 5,312,163 ||align=right| 12.6 || A [[planned city]], Canberra has been Australia's capital city since its foundation in 1913. However, the national parliament was based in [[Melbourne]], Victoria until 1927.
|-
| ((flag|Belgium)) || '''[[City of Brussels|Brussels]]''' || align=right| 188,737 || [[Antwerp]] ||align=right| 536,079 ||align=right| 2.84 || Brussels is the largest metropolitan area in the country.
|-
| ((flag|Belize)) || '''[[Belmopan]]''' || align=right| 20,621 || [[Belize City]] ||align=right| 61,762 ||align=right| 3.07 || Belize City was the capital until 1970.
|-
| ((flag|Benin)) || '''[[Porto-Novo]]''' || align=right| 264,320 || [[Cotonou]] ||align=right| 761,100 ||align=right| 3.4 || Cotonou is the [[de facto]] capital with seat of government. Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area
|-
|((flag|Bolivia)) || '''[[Sucre]]''' || align=right| 259,388 || [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]]<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.doctoraedilicia.com/publicaciones/noticias/cuadrods1672.pdf |title=Decreto Supremo Nº1672 |publisher=doctoraedilicia.com |accessdate=2013-05-31 ))</ref> ||align=right| 1,453,549 ||align=right| 7.1 || [[La Paz]] is the de facto capital with seat of government, is the third largest city of Bolivia and is the center of the second metropolitan area.
|-
| ((flag|Brazil)) || '''[[Brasília]]''' || align=right| 3,500,000 || [[São Paulo]] ||align=right| 12,252,023 ||align=right| 4.25 || Brasília is a [[planned city]] and has been the capital city since its inauguration in 1960. [[Rio de Janeiro]] was the capital from 1763 until 1960. Brasília is the third most populous city in Brazil, and the seventh largest metropolitan area.
|-
| ((flag|Burundi)) || '''[[Gitega]]''' || align=right| 41,944 || [[Bujumbura]] ||align=right| 1,092,859 ||align=right| 26.06 || Bujumbura was the capital until 2019.
|-
| ((flag|Cameroon)) || '''[[Yaoundé]]''' || align=right| 1,430,000 || [[Douala]] ||align=right| 2,000,000 + ||align=right| 1.4 || Yaoundé is the second largest city of Cameroon.
|-
| ((flag|Canada)) || '''[[Ottawa]]''' || align=right| 1,017,449 || [[Toronto]] ||align=right| 2,794,356 ||align=right| 3.08 || Toronto was the capital of the [[Province of Canada|United Province of Canada]] from 1849 to 1852 and 1856–1858. For some years prior, [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] was the de facto capital, but when it came time to form the United Province of Canada in 1841 this needed to be official. There was a lot of disagreement, but Queen Victoria made her ruling (supported by a vote with a majority of 3) that it should be Ottawa.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.ottawamatters.com/remember-this/remember-this-queen-victoria-chooses-ottawa-1162999|title = Remember This? Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa))</ref>((Clarify|date=September 2022))
|-
| ((Flag|China)) || '''[[Beijing]]''' || align=right|22,000,000|| [[Shanghai]] ||align=right|30,484,300 || align=right|1.39|| Beijing is the third largest city proper of China, after [[Chongqing]] and Shanghai, although the population of Chongqing includes a significant number of rural residents and the urban area has around 18 million people. Shanghai has more urban population at 24 million.
|-
| ((flag|Ecuador)) || '''[[Quito]]''' || align=right|1,763,275 || [[Guayaquil]] || align=right|2,650,288 ||align=right| 1.5 || &nbsp;
|-
| ((flag|Equatorial Guinea)) || '''[[Malabo]]''' || align=right| 187,302 || [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]] ||align=right| 250,770 ||align=right| 1.34 || The capital Malabo is the second largest city of Equatorial Guinea. It is to be replaced by the planned city of [[Oyala]], currently under construction.
|-
| ((flag|Gambia)) || '''[[Banjul]]''' || align=right| 31,301 || [[Serrekunda]] ||align=right| 337,000 ||align=right| 2.18 || &nbsp;
|-
| ((flag|India))   || '''[[New Delhi]]''' || align=right| 249,998 || [[Mumbai]] ||align=right|20,000,000 ||align=right| 80 || In 1912, the capital was moved from [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) to New Delhi. The neighbouring city of Delhi already existed, and it had previously served as the capital of the [[Mughal Empire]].
|-
| ((flag|Israel)) || '''[[Jerusalem]]''' ([[Status of Jerusalem|limited recognition]]) || align=right| 363,095 (excluding East Jerusalem) || [[Tel Aviv]] ||align=right| 460,613  || align="right" | 1.2 || Jerusalem would be Israel's largest city if [[East Jerusalem]] were to be included (increasing the population to 936,425), however the annexation of East Jerusalem into Israel [[Status of Jerusalem|is not internationally recognized]]. If East Jerusalem were to be excluded from Israel, Tel Aviv would be the largest city.
|-
| ((flag|Ivory Coast)) || '''[[Yamoussoukro]]''' || align=right| 200,659 || [[Abidjan]] ||align=right| 4,348,000 ||align=right| 21.7 || Abidjan was the capital until 1983.
|-
| ((flag|Kazakhstan)) || '''[[Astana]]''' || align=right| 743,014 || [[Almaty]] ||align=right| 1,450,095 ||align=right| 1.95 || Almaty was the capital from 1927 to 1997. Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 until 2022. In September 2022, President [[Kassym-Jomart Tokayev]] announced that the city would revert to the former name Astana. On 17 September, he signed a law that amended the constitution to restore the name Astana.
|-
| ((flag|Liechtenstein)) || '''[[Vaduz]]''' || align=right| 5,109 || [[Schaan]] ||align=right| 6,039 ||align=right| 1.14 || [[Vaduz]] is the second largest city of [[Liechtenstein]]. Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area.
|-
| ((flag|Federated States of Micronesia)) || '''[[Palikir]]''' || align=right| 5,000 || [[Weno]] ||align=right| 13,000||align=right| 1.4 || Palikir is the second largest city of Micronesia.
|-
| ((flag|Malta)) || '''[[Valletta]]''' || align=right| 5,827 || [[St. Paul's Bay]] ||align=right| 29,097 ||align=right| 6.62 || Valletta is part of the [[Central Region, Malta|Central Region]], a conurbation with a population of 111,994.
|-
| ((flag|Morocco)) || '''[[Rabat]]''' || align=right| 627,000 || [[Casablanca]] ||align=right| 4,150,000 ||align=right| 6.62 || Rabat is the seventh largest city of Morocco.
|-
| ((flag|Myanmar)) || '''[[Naypyidaw]]''' || align=right| 925,000 || [[Yangon]] ||align=right| 4,346,000 ||align=right| 4.7 || Yangon was the capital until 2006. Naypyidaw is de facto mainly rural county rather than contiguous urban area
|-
| ((flag|New Zealand)) || '''[[Wellington]]''' || align=right| ((NZ population data 2018|Wellington|y)) || [[Auckland]] ||align=right| ((NZ population data 2018|Auckland|y)) ||align=right| ((Decimals|((formatnum:((NZ population data 2018|Auckland|y))|R))/((formatnum:((NZ population data 2018|Wellington|y))|R))|2)) || Auckland was the capital 1841–1865, and Russell in 1840–41.
|-
| ((flag|Nigeria)) || '''[[Abuja]]''' || align=right| 778,567 || [[Lagos]] ||align=right| 7,937,932 ||align=right| 10.2 || Lagos was the capital until 1991.
|- ((flag|Poland)) || '''[[Warsaw]]''' || align=right| 1,430,000 || [[Katowice]] ||
| ((flag|Pakistan))<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2017/08/28/ten-major-cities-population-up-by-74pc/|title=Ten major cities' population up by 74pc|access-date=2017-09-06))</ref><ref>((Cite news|url=http://www.mashriqtv.pk/E-Paper/The-statesman/2017-09-06/page-3/detail-0|title=Daily Mashriq|access-date=2017-09-06|language=ur-PK))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf|title=District Wise Census Results Census 2017|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829164748/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CENSUS_2017.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-29|url-status=dead|access-date=))</ref> || '''[[Islamabad]]''' || align=right| 1,014,825  || [[Karachi]] || align=right| 14,910,352  ||align=right| 14.69 || Karachi was the capital from 1947 to 1958. Islamabad is part of much larger Rawalpindi-Islamabad metropolitan area
|-
|((flag|Palau)) || '''[[Ngerulmud]]''' || align=right| 0 || [[Koror]] ||align=right| 11,200 ||align=right| - || Koror was the capital until 2006.  
|-
| ((flag|Philippines)) || '''[[Manila]]''' || align=right|1,780,148 || [[Quezon City]] ||align=right| 2,936,116 ||align=right| 1.67 || Quezon City was the capital from 1948 until 1976. [[Manila]] is the second largest city of [[Philippines|the Philippines]]. Both cities are in the [[Metropolitan Manila]] [[Philippine regions|region]] with Quezon City bordering Manila on the northeast.
|-
| ((flag|San Marino)) || '''[[City of San Marino|San Marino]]''' || align=right| 4,211 || [[Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]] ||align=right| 10,601 ||align=right| 2.52 || &nbsp;
|-
| ((flag|South Africa)) || '''[[Pretoria]]''' || align=right| 2,345,908 || [[Johannesburg]] ||align=right| 3,888,180 ||align=right| 1.66 || [[Cape Town]] (pop. 3.5 million) and [[Bloemfontein]] (pop. 370,000) serve as legislative and judicial capitals, respectively.
|-
| ((flag|Sri Lanka)) || '''[[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]]''' || align=right| 115,826 || [[Colombo]] ||align=right| 642,163 ||align=right| 5.54 || Colombo was the official administrative capital until 1982, when it became the commercial capital.
|-
| ((flag|Switzerland)) || '''[[Bern]]''' || align=right| 138,041 || [[Zürich]] ||align=right| 397,698 ||align=right| 2.88 || Switzerland does not have a ''de jure'' capital, but Bern has been designated as "federal city" with the seat of the two parliament chambers in 1848, when for the first time the independent Swiss states established standing federal authorities. Today, important federal authorities are also located in [[Lausanne]] (most notably: the [[Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland|Federal Supreme Court]]), [[Zürich]], [[Lucerne]], [[Bellinzona]] and [[St. Gallen]]. Until 1798, the council of the Swiss states met in various places - most frequently in [[Lucerne]], [[Zürich]], [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] and [[Frauenfeld]]. Between 1798 and 1803 there were three subsequent cities of government: [[Aarau]], [[Luzern]] and [[Bern]]. Between 1815 and 1848 the meeting place of the council changed every two years between [[Zürich]], [[Bern]] and [[Lucerne]].
|-
|((flagcountry|Taiwan))
|'''[[Taipei]]'''
|2,668,572
|[[New Taipei]]
|4,004,367
|1.5
|<ref>((Cite web |last=Dept. of Household Registration |first=Ministry of the Interior Republic of China(Taiwan) |date=2018-05-01 |title=Dept. of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. Republic of China(Taiwan) |url=https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/en/3910 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Dept. of Household Registration, Ministry of the Interior. Republic of China(Taiwan) |language=English))</ref>
|-
| ((flag|Tanzania)) || '''[[Dodoma]]''' || align=right| 324,347 || [[Dar es Salaam]] ||align=right| 2,497,940 ||align=right| 7.70 || Dar es Salaam was the capital until 1974.
|-
| ((flag|Trinidad and Tobago)) || '''[[Port of Spain]]''' || align=right| 49,000 || [[Chaguanas]] ||align=right| 67,400 ||align=right| 1.37 || Both cities are part of the same metropolitan area
|-
| ((flag|Turkey)) || '''[[Ankara]]''' || align=right| 5,150,072 || [[Istanbul]] ||align=right| 14,377,018 ||align=right| 3.4 || Istanbul (as [[Constantinople]]) was the capital of the [[Ottoman Empire]] from 1453 to 1922.
|-
| ((flag|United Arab Emirates)) || '''[[Abu Dhabi]]''' || align=right| 896,751 || [[Dubai]] ||align=right| 2,262,000 ||align=right| 2.52 || Abu Dhabi is the second largest city of United Arab Emirates.
|-
| ((flagu|United States)) || '''[[Washington, D.C.|Washington,&nbsp;D.C.]]''' || align=right| 705,749 || [[New York City]] ||align=right|  8,398,748 ||align=right| 12.72 || New York was the capital 1785–1790 and the largest city in 1790 (narrowly edging out the next capital, [[Philadelphia]], which served as capital from 1790 to 1800). Philadelphia was the nation's second-largest city when it was the capital. Washington is the 20th-largest city in the United States, but the [[Washington metropolitan area]] is the sixth-largest (estimated 6,216,589 in 2017).
|-
| ((flag|Vietnam)) || '''[[Hanoi]]''' || align=right| 8,053,663 || [[Ho Chi Minh City]] ||align=right| 8,993,082 || align="right" | 1.1 || Ho Chi Minh City, formerly Saigon, was the capital of [[South Vietnam]] prior to reunification. 
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of national capitals by population]]

== Notes ==
((notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Lists of capitals|Countries whose capital is not their largest city]]
[[Category:Lists of countries|Capital is not largest city]]

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