In the waters in and around New Zealand, 77 living species of crabs (and 10 species of crab-like Anomura) have been recorded, along with a further 24 species of fossil crabs (marked with an obelisk).^[1] Of the extant crabs, 37 are endemic to New Zealand (marked in boldface). The taxonomy below follows Ng et al. (2008) for the extant species,^[2] and De Grave et al. (2009) for the fossils.^[3]

Almost all the species are marine, with a single freshwater species, Amarinus lacustris (Hymenosomatidae).^[1] An updated checklist published in 2010 lists 167 species of Brachyura, plus a little over 50 species of crab-like Anomura.^[4] This list (of N.Z. Decapoda) has been republished with annotations in 2011.^[5]

Brachyura

Section Dromiacea

Dromiidae

• Petalomera wilsoni (Fulton & Grant, 1902)

Homolidae

• Dagnaudus petterdi (Grant, 1905)
• Homola orientalis Henderson, 1888
• Yaldwynopsis spinimanus (Griffin, 1965) ^[6]

Latreilliidae

• Eplumula australiensis (Henderson, 1888)

Section Raninoida

Raninidae

• Hemioon novozelandicum Glaessner, 1980 †
• Laeviranina perarmata Glaessner, 1960 †
• Lyreidus elegans Glaessner, 1960 †
• Lyreidus tridentatus De Haan 1841
• Lyreidus waitakiensis Glaessner, 1980 †
• Ranilia pororariensis Glaessner, 1980 †

Section Cyclodorippoida

Cymonomidae

• Cymonomus aequilonius Dell, 1971
• Cymonomus bathamae Dell, 1971

Torynommidae

• Torynomma flemingi Glaessner, 1980 †

Section Heterotremata

Section Thoracotremata

Anomura