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This is a list of current foreign ministers of the 193 United Nations member states as well as the Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine.

Foreign ministers of sovereign countries with limited recognition, some alternative governments, some dependent territories and some autonomous administrative divisions are included in separate tables.

Generally recognised sovereign states

State Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Political affiliation Assumed office
 Afghanistan List Amir Khan Muttaqi (acting) Taliban 7 September 2021
 Albania List Olta Xhaçka[1] Socialist Party of Albania 31 December 2020
 Algeria List Ahmed Attaf[2] 18 March 2023
 Andorra List Maria Ubach i Font[3] Democrats for Andorra 17 July 2017
 Angola List Tete António[4] MPLA 20 April 2020
 Antigua and Barbuda List E.P. Chet Greene Antigua Labour Party 21 March 2018
 Argentina List Santiago Cafiero[5] Justicialist Party 20 September 2021
 Armenia List Ararat Mirzoyan[6] 19 August 2021
 Australia List Penny Wong[7] Australian Labor Party 23 May 2022
 Austria List Alexander Schallenberg People's Party 6 December 2021
 Azerbaijan List Jeyhun Bayramov[8] Independent 16 July 2020
 Bahamas List Fred Mitchell[9] 20 September 2021
 Bahrain List Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani[10] —[11] 11 February 2020
 Bangladesh List AK Abdul Momen[12] Bangladesh Awami League 6 January 2019
 Barbados List Kerrie D. Symmonds[13] Barbados Labour Party 26 October 2022
 Belarus List Sergei Aleinik 13 December 2022
 Belgium List Hadja Lahbib[14] Reformist Movement 15 July 2022
 Belize List Eamon Courtenay People's United Party 13 November 2020
 Benin List Shegun Adjadi Bakari 6 June 2023
 Bhutan List Tandi Dorji[15] Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa 7 November 2018
 Bolivia List Rogelio Mayta[16] Movement for Socialism 9 November 2020
 Bosnia and Herzegovina List Elmedin Konaković People and Justice 25 January 2023
 Botswana List Lemogang Kwape 26 August 2020
 Brazil List Mauro Vieira Independent 1 January 2023
 Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah (monarch) (Minister of Foreign Affairs) —[11] 22 October 2015
Erywan Yusof (Second Minister of Foreign Affairs) 31 January 2018
 Bulgaria List Mariya Gabriel Citizens for European Development 6 June 2023
 Burkina Faso List Olivia Rouamba 5 March 2022
 Burundi List Albert Shingiro[17] 28 June 2020
 Cambodia List Prak Sokhonn[18] Cambodian People's Party 5 April 2016
 Cameroon List Lejeune Mbella Mbella Cameroon People's Democratic Movement 2 October 2015
 Canada List Mélanie Joly[19] Liberal Party of Canada 26 October 2021
 Cape Verde List Rui Alberto de Figueiredo Soares 14 January 2021
 Central African Republic List Sylvie Baïpo-Temon[20] Independent 14 December 2018
 Chad List Mahamat Zene Cherif[21] 2 May 2021
 Chile List Antonia Urrejola[22] 11 March 2022
 China List Wang Yi Chinese Communist Party 25 July 2023
 Colombia List Álvaro Leyva Colombian Conservative Party 7 August 2022
 Comoros List Dhoihir Dhoulkamal 28 September 2020
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the List Christophe Lutundula 27 April 2021
 Congo, Republic of the List Jean-Claude Gakosso[23] Congolese Party of Labour 10 August 2015
 Costa Rica List Arnoldo André Tinoco[24] 8 May 2022
 Croatia List Gordan Grlić-Radman[25] Croatian Democratic Union 19 July 2019
 Cuba List Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla Communist Party of Cuba 2 March 2009
 Cyprus List Constantinos Kombos[26] 1 March 2023
 Czech Republic List Jan Lipavský[27] Czech Pirate Party 17 December 2021
 Denmark List Lars Løkke Rasmussen[28] Moderates 15 December 2022
 Djibouti List Mahamoud Ali Youssouf Independent 22 May 2005
 Dominica List Vince Henderson Dominica Labour Party 13 December 2022
 Dominican Republic List Roberto Álvarez Gil 16 August 2020
 Ecuador List Gustavo Manrique[29] 2 April 2023
 Egypt List Sameh Shoukry Independent 17 June 2014
 El Salvador List Alexandra Hill Tinoco[30] 1 June 2019
 Equatorial Guinea List Simeón Oyono Esono Angüe Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea 6 February 2018
 Eritrea List Osman Saleh Mohammed[31] People's Front for Democracy and Justice 18 April 2007
 Estonia List Margus Tsahkna[32] Estonia 200 17 April 2023
 Eswatini List Thuli Dladla 2 November 2018
 Ethiopia List Demeke Mekonnen 8 November 2020
 Fiji List Sitiveni Rabuka (prime minister) People's Alliance 24 December 2022
 Finland List Elina Valtonen National Coalition Party 20 June 2023
 France List Catherine Colonna[33] 20 May 2022
 Gabon List Michael Moussa Adamo 8 March 2022
 Gambia List Mamadou Tangara United Democratic Party 29 June 2018
 Georgia List Ilia Darchiashvili 4 April 2022
 Germany List Annalena Baerbock Bündnis 90/Die Grünen 8 December 2021
 Ghana List Shirley Ayorkor Botchway New Patriotic Party 27 January 2017
 Greece List Giorgos Gerapetritis New Democracy 27 June 2023
 Grenada List Joseph Andall National Democratic Congress (Grenada) 30 June 2022
 Guatemala List Mario Búcaro 1 February 2022
 Guinea List Morissanda Kouyaté 25 October 2021
 Guinea-Bissau List Suzi Barbosa 2 March 2020
 Guyana List Hugh Todd People's Progressive Party 5 August 2020
 Haiti List Jean Victor Généus 24 November 2021
  Holy See List Archbishop Paul Gallagher —[11] 8 November 2014
 Honduras List Eduardo Enrique Reina [es] 27 January 2022
 Hungary List Péter Szijjártó Fidesz 23 September 2014
 Iceland List Þórdís Kolbrún R. Gylfadóttir Independence Party 28 November 2021
 India List S. Jaishankar Bharatiya Janata Party 31 May 2019
 Indonesia List Retno Marsudi Independent 27 October 2014
 Iran List Hossein Amir-Abdollahian 25 August 2021
 Iraq List Fuad Hussein Kurdistan Democratic Party 6 June 2020
 Ireland List Micheál Martin Fianna Fáil 17 December 2022
 Israel List Eli Cohen Likud 29 December 2022
 Italy List Antonio Tajani Forza Italia 22 October 2022
 Ivory Coast List Kandia Camara 6 April 2021
 Jamaica List Kamina Johnson-Smith Jamaica Labour Party 7 March 2016
 Japan List Yoshimasa Hayashi Liberal Democratic Party 10 November 2021
 Jordan List Ayman Safadi Independent 15 January 2017
 Kazakhstan List Murat Nurtleu 3 April 2023
 Kenya List Alfred Mutua[34] 27 October 2022
 Kiribati Taneti Mamau (president) Tobwaan Kiribati Party 15 March 2016
 Kuwait List Salem Abdullah Al-Jaber Al-Sabah —[11] 17 December 2019
 Kyrgyzstan List Jeenbek Kulubaev 22 April 2022
 Laos List Saleumxay Kommasith Lao People's Revolutionary Party 19 April 2016
 Latvia List Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš (acting) Unity 8 July 2023
 Lebanon List Abdallah Bou Habib 10 September 2021
 Lesotho List Mpotjoane Lejone 28 October 2022
 Liberia List Dee-Maxwell Saah Kemayah, Sr. Coalition for Democratic Change 6 October 2020
 Libya List Najla Mangoush Independent 15 March 2021
 Liechtenstein Dominique Hasler 25 March 2021
 Lithuania List Gabrielius Landsbergis Homeland Union 11 December 2020
 Luxembourg List Jean Asselborn Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party 21 July 2004
 Madagascar List Yvette Sylla [fr] 20 February 2023
Malawi List Nancy Tembo 28 January 2022
 Malaysia List Zambry Abdul Kadir Barisan Nasional (United Malays National Organisation) 3 December 2022
 Maldives List Abdulla Shahid 17 November 2018
 Mali List Abdoulaye Diop 11 June 2021
 Malta List Ian Borg 30 March 2022
 Marshall Islands Kitlang Kabua[35] 7 June 2022
 Mauritania List Mohamed Salem Ould Merzoug 31 March 2022
 Mauritius List Alan Ganoo 6 February 2021
 Mexico List Alicia Bárcena Ibarra 12 June 2023
 Federated States of Micronesia Kandhi A. Elieisar —[11] 3 December 2019
 Moldova List Nicu Popescu 6 August 2021
 Monaco Isabelle Berro-Amadeï 17 January 2022
 Mongolia List Batmunkh Battsetseg 29 January 2021
 Montenegro List Dritan Abazović 21 October 2022
 Morocco List Nasser Bourita Independent 5 April 2017
 Mozambique List Verónica Macamo 17 January 2020
 Myanmar List Than Swe 1 February 2023[36]
 Namibia List Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah South West African People's Organisation 4 December 2012
 Nauru Russ Kun (president) Independent 29 September 2022
   Nepal List Narayan Prakash Saud Nepali Congress 16 April 2023
 Netherlands List Wopke Hoekstra Christian Democratic Appeal 10 January 2022
 New Zealand List Nanaia Mahuta New Zealand Labour Party 6 November 2020
 Nicaragua List Denis Moncada [es] 16 January 2017
 Niger List Hassoumi Massoudou Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism 7 April 2021
 Nigeria List Geoffrey Onyeama All Progressives Congress 11 November 2015
 North Korea List Choe Son-hui Workers' Party of Korea 11 June 2022
 North Macedonia List Bujar Osmani Democratic Union for Integration 30 August 2020
 Norway List Anniken Huitfeldt Labour Party 14 October 2021
 Oman List Badr bin Hamad bin Hamood Al Busaidi —[11] 26 August 2020
 Pakistan List Bilawal Bhutto Zardari Pakistan Peoples Party 27 April 2022
 Palau Gustav Aitaro 3 September 2021
 Palestine List Riyad al-Maliki[37] Independent 19 May 2009 (Since 2007 for the Palestinian Authority[38])
 Panama List Janaina Tewaney Democratic Revolutionary Party 11 October 2022
 Papua New Guinea List James Marape Pangu Party 12 May 2023[39]
 Paraguay List Euclides Acevedo 25 January 2021
 Peru List Ana Cecilia Gervasi [es] Independent 11 December 2022
 Philippines List Enrique Manalo 1 July 2022
 Poland List Zbigniew Rau Law and Justice 26 August 2020
 Portugal List João Gomes Cravinho 30 March 2022
 Qatar List Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani —[11] 27 January 2016
 Romania List Luminița Odobescu Independent 15 June 2023
 Russia List Sergey Lavrov United Russia 9 March 2004
 Rwanda List Vincent Biruta Independent 4 November 2019
 Saint Kitts and Nevis List Denzil Douglas Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party 13 August 2022
 Saint Lucia List Alva Baptiste 5 August 2021
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines List Ralph Gonsalves (prime minister) Unity Labour Party 10 November 2020
 Samoa List Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa (prime minister) Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi 24 May 2021
 San Marino Luca Beccari PDCS 8 January 2020
 São Tomé and Príncipe List Alberto Neto Pereira 11 November 2022
 Saudi Arabia List Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud —[11] 29 October 2019
 Senegal List Aïssata Tall Sall Alliance for the Republic (Senegal) 1 November 2020
 Serbia List Ivica Dačić[40] 26 October 2022
 Seychelles List Sylvestre Radegonde 16 November 2020
 Sierra Leone List David J. Francis Sierra Leone People's Party 30 April 2021
 Singapore List Vivian Balakrishnan People's Action Party 1 October 2015
 Slovakia List Rastislav Káčer[41] 1 April 2021
 Slovenia List Tanja Fajon SD 1 June 2022
 Solomon Islands List Jeremiah Manele People's Alliance Party 25 April 2019
 Somalia List Abshir Omar Huruuse 2 August 2022
 South Africa List Naledi Pandor African National Congress 29 May 2019
 South Korea List Park Jin People Power Party 12 May 2022
 South Sudan List Mayiik Ayii Deng 9 September 2021
 Spain List José Manuel Albares Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 10 July 2021
 Sri Lanka List Ali Sabry Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna 22 July 2022
 Sudan List Ali Sadiq Ali (acting) 19 January 2022
 Suriname List Albert Ramdin Progressive Reform Party 16 July 2020[42]
 Sweden List Tobias Billström Moderate Party 18 October 2022
 Switzerland List Ignazio Cassis FDP.The Liberals 1 November 2017
 Syria List Faisal Mekdad Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party 22 November 2020
 Tajikistan List Sirojiddin Muhriddin 29 November 2013
 Tanzania List Stergomena Tax[43] 3 October 2022
 Thailand List Don Pramudwinai Independent 20 August 2015
 Timor-Leste List Adaljíza Magno Fretilin 24 June 2020
 Togo List Robert Dussey 17 September 2013
 Tonga List Fekitamoeloa ʻUtoikamanu 28 December 2021
 Trinidad and Tobago List Amery Browne People's National Movement 19 August 2020
 Tunisia List Othman Jerandi Independent 2 September 2020
 Turkey List Hakan Fidan Justice and Development Party 4 June 2023
 Turkmenistan List Raşit Meredow Democratic Party of Turkmenistan 7 July 2001
 Tuvalu Simon Kofe —[11] September 2019
 Uganda List Jeje Odongo 21 June 2021
 Ukraine List Dmytro Kuleba 4 February 2020
 United Arab Emirates Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan —[11] 9 February 2006
 United Kingdom List James Cleverly Conservative Party 6 September 2022
 United States List Antony Blinken Democratic Party 26 January 2021
 Uruguay List Francisco Bustillo 6 July 2020
 Uzbekistan List Vladimir Norov (acting) 27 April 2022
 Vanuatu List Jotham Napat 4 November 2022
 Venezuela List Carlos Faria[44] United Socialist Party of Venezuela 17 May 2022
 Vietnam List Bùi Thanh Sơn Communist Party of Vietnam 8 April 2021
 Yemen List Ahmad Awad Bin Mubarak Independent 18 December 2020
 Zambia List Stanley Kakubo 7 September 2021
 Zimbabwe List Frederick Shava ZANU-PF 8 February 2021

Other states

The following states control their territory and are recognized by at least one UN member state.

State Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Abkhazia List Inal Ardzinba 17 November 2021
 Republic of China (Taiwan) List Joseph Wu Democratic Progressive Party 26 February 2018
 Cook Islands List Mark Brown (prime minister) Independent 8 October 2020
 Kosovo List Donika Gërvalla-Schwarz Guxo 22 March 2021
 Niue List Dalton Tagelagi (prime minister) Independent 11 June 2020
 Northern Cyprus List Tahsin Ertuğruloğlu[45] 9 March 2022
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic List Mohamed Sidati[46] Polisario Front 14 February 2023
 South Ossetia List Dmitry Medoyev 25 May 2017

The following states/governments control their territory, but are not recognized by any UN member states.

State Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Artsakh David Babayan 4 January 2021
 Somaliland (Republic of Somaliland) List Essa Kayd Peace, Unity, and Development Party 3 March 2020
 Transnistria List Vitaly Ignatyev[47] 14 September 2015


Other governments

These alternative governments are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one UN member.

State Government Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Myanmar National Unity Government of Myanmar List Zin Mar Aung 16 April 2021
 Yemen Supreme Political Council List Hisham Sharaf 28 November 2016

The alternative governments are not recognized by any UN member states.

State Government Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Libya Government of National Stability[48] Hafez Kaddour 3 March 2022
Tibet Central Tibetan Administration[49] Norzin Dolma 14 November 2021

Sui generis entities

Entity Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister European Party National Party Assumed office
 European Union List Josep Borrell Party of European Socialists 1 November 2019
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager —[11] —[11] 27 January 2017

Dependent territories

Territory Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Faroe Islands Jenis av Rana 16 September 2019
 French Polynesia Édouard Fritch (president) 12 September 2014
 Greenland Múte Bourup Egede (prime minister) 27 September 2021
 Guernsey Jonathan Le Tocq 6 May 2016
 Jersey Philip Ozouf 12 July 2022
 New Caledonia Louis Mapou (President of the Government) 22 July 2021
 Puerto Rico Omar Marrero Díaz 13 July 2021
 Tokelau Siopili Perez (prime minister) 19 May 2022

Autonomous administrative divisions

Autonomous region Historical list of foreign ministers Current foreign minister Party Assumed office
 Brussels-Capital Region Pascal Smet 20 July 2019
 Catalonia Meritxell Serret 10 October 2022
 Cantabria Paula Fernández Viaña 29 June 2019
 Flanders Jan Jambon (Minister-President) 2 October 2019
Gagauzia Vitaliy Vlah 30 April 2015
 Kurdistan Safeen Muhsin Dizayee July 2019
 Quebec Martine Biron 20 October 2022
 Scotland List Angus Robertson SNP 21 May 2021
 Wallonia Elio Di Rupo (Minister-President) 13 September 2019

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kota, Atila (1 April 2021). "Foreign Minister Olta Xhaçka and Defense Minister Niko Peleshi swear in before President". Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  2. ^ "Retour de Ramtane Lamamra à la tête de la diplomatie algérienne". Medias24. 8 July 2021.
  3. ^ Decret del 12-07-2017 pel qual es fa públic el cessament del ministre d’Afers Exteriors i el nomenament de la ministra d’Afers Exteriors i del ministre d’Economia, Competitivitat i Innovació. (in Catalan)
  4. ^ "UN Secretary General congratulated Tete Antonio". VerAngola. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Santiago Cafiero seguirá en el Gabinete, pero como ministro". Ámbito (in Spanish). 17 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  6. ^ "Ararat Mirzoyan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. 19 August 2021. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  7. ^ "'We have a plane to catch': Penny Wong becomes Australia's Foreign Affairs Minister". Women's Agenda. 23 May 2022.
  8. ^ "President Ilham Aliyev receives Jeyhun Bayramov on his appointment as FM". NEWS.az. 16 June 2020.
  9. ^ "The Hon. Frederick Mitchell – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas". Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  10. ^ "GCC Secretary General Al-Zayani named Bahrain's foreign minister". english.alarabiya.net. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Foreign Ministers with the party field set to N/A indicates that their country has either banned political parties or that they do not have them.
  12. ^ "47-member new cabinet announced". The Daily Star. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  13. ^ Bennett, Randy (22 October 2022). "New Cabinet changes to take effect on Wednesday". Barbados Today. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  14. ^ "Hadja Lahbib devient ministre des Affaires étrangères : "Elle était mon premier et unique choix" précise Bouchez". RTBF (in French). Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Bhutan's Newly Elected Prime Minister Lotay Tshering Unveiled The 10 Cabinet Ministers On 3 November 2018". www.bhutantimes.com.
  16. ^ "MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES | Cancilleria de Bolivia". www.cancilleria.gob.bo. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Biography Minister of Foreign Affairs and Development Cooperation of the Republic of Burundi" (PDF).
  18. ^ "Details of PM's cabinet reshuffle announced". The Phnom Penh Post. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  19. ^ Curry, Bill; Kirkup, Kristy; Raman-Wilms, Menaka; Dickson, Janice (26 October 2021). "Trudeau cabinet shuffle: Anita Anand moves to Defence, Steven Guilbeault to Environment, Mélanie Joly to Foreign Affairs". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Central African Republic". www.berlinglobal.org. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  21. ^ "Tchad : Mahamat Zene Cherif, un diplomate expérimenté aux Affaires étrangères". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 8 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  22. ^ "Chile's president-elect unveils young, woman-majority cabinet". France 24. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Remaniement au Congo-Brazzaville : deux ministres opposés à la modification constitutionnelle exclus", Jeune Afrique, 11 August 2015 (in French).
  24. ^ "Costa Rica's president elect to "test" Ortega and Maduro". Confidencial (in Spanish). 28 April 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  25. ^ "Diplomat kojeg je Tuđman doveo u Hrvatsku najrječitiji je budući ministar: Veliki sam optimist, volim izazove". www.tportal.hr (in Croatian). 19 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  26. ^ "Minister - MFA". mfa.gov.cy. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  27. ^ "Vládu v pátek prezident Zeman jmenuje i s Janem Lipavským, oznámil Fiala". ČT24, ČTK. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Denmark's new center-left PM presents her government". Federal News Network. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  29. ^ "Ecuador's President Lasso appoints Jose Davalos as environment minister". reuters.com. 2 April 2023.
  30. ^ Campos Madrid, Gabriel (3 May 2019). "Bukele designó a Alexandra Hill Tinoco como nueva canciller". La Prensa Grafica (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  31. ^ "Eritrea Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 23 April 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  32. ^ "The Foreign Minister". vm.ee. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  33. ^ John Irish (20 May 2022), Catherine Colonna, French envoy to Britain, named foreign minister Reuters.
  34. ^ MUENI, JEMIMAH (27 September 2022). "Ruto names Alfred Mutua CS Foreign and Diaspora Affairs » Capital News". Capital News. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  35. ^ Team, Internet. "Ambassador Hsiao Meeting with the New Foreign Minister of the Marshall Islands". Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 駐馬紹爾群島共和國大使館. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  36. ^ "State Administration Council Order No 6/2023" (PDF). The Global New Light of Myanmar. 1 February 2023. p. 6. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  37. ^ Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
  38. ^ Palestinian politics
  39. ^ Faa, Marian; Srinivasan, Prianka; Kora, Belinda (12 May 2023). "Papua New Guinea's Foreign Minister Justin Tkatchenko steps aside". ABC News. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  40. ^ srbija.gov.rs. "Ivica Dacic". www.srbija.gov.rs. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  41. ^ "Slovakia has new ministers after party leaves coalition". AP NEWS. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  42. ^ "Het nieuwe regeerteam dat donderdag aantreedt". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  43. ^ "Tanzania: President Hassan's sacking of Foreign Affairs minister points to weakness in constitution". The Africa Report.com. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  44. ^ "President Maduro appoints Carlos Faría as Venezuela's new foreign minister". St Vincent Times. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  45. ^ "UBP – DP – YDP Koalisyon Hükümeti kuruldu, yeni bakanlar". KKTC Enformasyon Dairesi - TRNC Public Information Office - KKTC Enformasyon Dairesi (in Turkish). 26 April 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
  46. ^ "President Brahim Ghali issues a presidential decree includes the new government". www.spsrasd.info. 15 February 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  47. ^ Acting to 30 August 2016 and from 17 December 2016 to 30 January 2017.
  48. ^ Alternative government, approved by Parliament, in opposition to the government Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh.
  49. ^ Government of Parliament in exile.
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