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Deposition by political means concerns the removal of a politician or monarch.[1] It may be done by coup, impeachment, invasion, or forced abdication.[2] The term may also refer to the official removal of a clergyman, especially a bishop, from ecclesiastical office.

Deposed head of state or government politicians

Year Politician Country Title Type
81 BCE Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna Roman Republic Roman Republic Consuls Sulla's civil war
48 BCE Pompey Roman Republic Roman Republic Triumvir Assassinated by Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator while attempting to flee to Egypt during Caesar's civil war
44 BCE Julius Caesar Roman Republic Roman Republic Dictator perpetuo Assassinated at the beginning of the Liberators' civil war
33 BCE Mark Antony Roman Republic Roman Republic Triumvir War of Actium
1649 CE Charles I of England England Kingdom of England King of England English Civil War
1659 CE Richard Cromwell Commonwealth of England Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland Lord Protector Stuart Restoration
1840 Pedro de Araújo Lima Empire of Brazil Empire of Brazil Regent of Brazil Majority Coup
1841 Bento Gonçalves da Silva Riograndense Republic Riograndense Republic President of the Riograndense Republic Imprisonment during the Ragamuffin War
1852 Juan Manuel de Rosas Argentina Argentine Confederation 17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Ruler of Argentina Brazilian invasion during the Platine War
1861 Sam Houston Republic of Texas Republic of Texas Governor of Texas Opposed Texas's secession from the Union and entry into the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
1863 José Antonio Páez Venezuela Venezuela 5th President of Venezuela
1865 Jefferson Davis Confederate States of America Confederate States of America President of the Confederate States of America American Civil War
1871 Mariano Melgarejo Bolivia Bolivia 15th President of Bolivia
1900 Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias Republic of Acre Republic of Acre President of the Republic of Acre Coup d'état
1908 Cipriano Castro Venezuela Venezuela President of Venezuela 1908 Venezuelan coup d'état, removed from office while abroad
1911 Porfirio Díaz Mexico Mexico 33rd President of Mexico Mexican Revolution
1917 Alexander Kerensky Russian Republic Russian Republic Minister-President of the Russian Republic October Revolution
1917, 1926 Bernardino Machado Portugal Portugal Third and eighth President of Portugal Coup d'état by Sidónio Pais
1930 Washington Luís First Brazilian Republic Brazil 13th President of Brazil Brazilian Revolution of 1930
1938 Kurt Schuschnigg Federal State of Austria Austria Chancellor of Austria Anschluss
1938 Edvard Beneš Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia President of Czechoslovakia Occupation of Czechoslovakia
1939 Manuel Azaña Spain Spain Prime Minister of Spain Spanish Civil War
1940 Paul Reynaud France French Third Republic Prime Minister of France Battle of France
1940 Konstantin Päts Estonia Estonia 1st President of Estonia Soviet invasion of Estonia
1940 Antanas Smetona Lithuania Lithuania 1st President of Lithuania Soviet invasion of Lithuania
1940 Kārlis Ulmanis Latvia Latvia 4th President of Latvia (self proclaimed) Soviet invasion of Latvia
1944, 1945 Benito Mussolini Italy Italian Social Republic Duce Italian campaign of World War II
1944 Juan Federico Ponce Vaides Guatemala Guatemala President of Guatemala Guatemalan Revolution
1945 Karl Dönitz Nazi Germany Nazi Germany President of Germany World War II
1945 Isaías Medina Angarita Venezuela Venezuela President of Venezuela 1945 Venezuelan coup d'état
1945 Getúlio Vargas Brazil Brazil 14th and 17th President of Brazil 1945 Brazilian coup d'état
1947 Ferenc Nagy Hungarian Republic (1946–49) Hungary 40th Prime Minister of Hungary, 1st Prime Minister of the Second Hungarian Republic Coup d'état
1948 Teodoro Picado Michalski Costa Rica Costa Rica President of Costa Rica Costa Rican Civil War
1948 Rómulo Gallegos Venezuela Venezuela President of Venezuela 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état
1953 Mohammad Mosaddegh Pahlavi Iran Iran 35th Prime Minister of Iran 1953 Iranian coup d'état
1954 Jacobo Árbenz Guatemala Guatemala President of Guatemala 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
1955 Carlos Luz Brazil Brazil President of Brazil Preventative Coup of November 11
1955 Café Filho Brazil Brazil President of Brazil Preventative Coup of November 11
1956 Imre Nagy Hungarian People's Republic Hungary Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic Soviet invasion of Hungary
1956 Bolesław Bierut Poland Poland General Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party Polish October
1958 Marcos Pérez Jiménez Venezuela Venezuela Military dictator of Venezuela Fled the country during the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état
1959 Fulgencio Batista[3] Cuba Cuba 14th and 17th President of Cuba Cuban Revolution
1960 Patrice Lumumba Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) 1st President of Congo-Leopoldville Congo Crisis
1960 Syngman Rhee South Korea South Korea 1st President of South Korea April Revolution
1963 Nazem al-Qudsi Second Syrian Republic Syria President of Syria 1963 Syrian coup d'état
1963 Juan Bosch Dominican Republic Dominican Republic President of the Dominican Republic 1963 Dominican coup d'état
1963 Ngo Dinh Diem South Vietnam South Vietnam President of South Vietnam 1963 South Vietnamese coup
1964 Nikita Khrushchev[4] Soviet Union Soviet Union First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Removed from office
1964 João Goulart Brazil Brazil 24th President of Brazil 1964 Brazilian coup d'état
1966 Kwame Nkrumah Ghana Ghana 1st President of Ghana 1966 Ghanaian coup d'état
1968 Alexander Dubček Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1973 Eric Gairy Grenada Grenada Premier of Grenada
1974 Américo Tomás Portugal Portugal President of Portugal Carnation Revolution
1974 Richard Nixon United States United States 37th President of the United States Resigned to avoid removal from office by impeachment process after the Watergate scandal
1975 Gough Whitlam Australia Australia 21st Prime Minister of Australia 1975 Australian constitutional crisis
1975 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu South Vietnam South Vietnam President of South Vietnam 1975 spring offensive
1978 Mohammed Daoud Khan Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) Afghanistan 1st President of Afghanistan Saur Revolution
1979 Idi Amin[5] Uganda Uganda 3rd President of Uganda Uganda–Tanzania War
1979 Anastasio Somoza Debayle Nicaragua Nicaragua President of Nicaragua Nicaraguan Revolution
1979 Pol Pot Democratic Kampuchea Democratic Kampuchea General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea Cambodian–Vietnamese War
1979 Ian Smith Rhodesia Rhodesia Prime Minister of Rhodesia Rhodesian Bush War
1979 Park Chung Hee South Korea South Korea 3rd President of South Korea Assassinated by Korean Central Intelligence Agency Director Kim Jae-gyu
1979 Hafizullah Amin Afghanistan Afghanistan General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan Operation Storm-333
1982 Bachir Gemayel Lebanon Lebanon President-elect of Lebanon Lebanese Civil War
1983 Hudson Austin Grenada Grenada Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of Grenada United States invasion of Grenada
1986 Jean-Claude Duvalier Haiti Haiti 35th President of Haiti Anti-Duvalier protest movement
1986 Ferdinand Marcos[6] Philippines Philippines 10th President of the Philippines People Power Revolution
1987 Habib Bourguiba Tunisia Tunisia First President of Tunisia 1987 Tunisian coup d'état
1987 Thomas Sankara Burkina Faso Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso 1987 Burkina Faso coup d'état
1987 Chun Doo-hwan South Korea South Korea 5th President of South Korea June Democratic Struggle
1988 Ne Win Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Burma President of Burma 8888 Uprising
1989 Alfredo Stroessner[7] Paraguay Paraguay 42nd President of Paraguay 1989 Paraguayan coup d'état
1989 Erich Honecker[8] East Germany East Germany General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (effective leader of East Germany) Peaceful Revolution
1989 Miloš Jakeš Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Velvet Revolution
1989 Todor Zhivkov[9] BulgariaBulgaria General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Revolutions of 1989
1989 Károly Grósz Hungary Hungary General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party End of communism in Hungary
1989 Manuel Noriega[10] Panama Panama Military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989 United States invasion of Panama
1989 Nicolae Ceaușescu[11] Romania Romania President of Romania Romanian Revolution
1990 Hissène Habré Chad Chad 5th President of Chad 1990 Chadian coup d'état
1991 Siad Barre Somalia Somalia 3rd President of Somalia Somali Rebellion
1991 Mengistu Haile Mariam Ethiopia Ethiopia First President of Ethiopia Forced to flee when the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front began winning the Ethiopian Civil War
1991 Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet Union Soviet Union 1st President of the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1991 Jean-Bertrand Aristide Haiti Haiti 39th President of Haiti 1991 Haitian coup d'état
1992 Mohammad Najibullah Afghanistan Afghanistan 2nd President of Afghanistan Afghan Civil War
1992 Joseph Saidu Momoh Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 2nd President of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Civil War
1992 Fernando Collor de Mello Brazil Brazil 32nd President of Brazil Impeachment and resignation
1993 Carlos Andrés Pérez Venezuela Venezuela 40th President of Venezuela Impeachment
1993, 1999 Nawaz Sharif Pakistan Pakistan 12th and 14th Prime Minister of Pakistan 1999 Pakistani coup d'état
1994 Juvénal Habyarimana Rwanda Rwanda 2nd President of Rwanda Assassinated by an unknown force before the Arusha Accords ending the Rwandan Civil War went into effect
1997 Mobutu Sese Seko Zaire Zaire President of Zaire First Congo War
1998 Suharto Indonesia Indonesia 2nd President of Indonesia Indonesian Revolution of 1998
1999 João Bernardo Vieira Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 2nd President of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Civil War
2000 Slobodan Milošević[12] Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia 3rd President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević
2001 Laurent-Désiré Kabila Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo 3rd President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Second Congo War
2001 Joseph Estrada Philippines Philippines 14th President of the Philippines Second EDSA Revolution
2001 Mullah Omar Afghanistan Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan United States invasion of Afghanistan
2002 Hugo Chávez Venezuela Venezuela President of Venezuela Reportedly resigned before the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt
2003 Saddam Hussein Iraq Iraq 5th President of Iraq Iraq War
2003 Charles Taylor[13] Liberia Liberia 22nd President of Liberia Second Liberian Civil War
2003 Eduard Shevardnadze Georgia (country) Georgia 1st President of Georgia Rose Revolution
2004 Rolandas Paksas Lithuania Lithuania 3rd President of Lithuania Impeachment
2005 Lucio Gutiérrez Ecuador Ecuador 43rd President of Ecuador Removed from office
2010 Askar Akayev Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 1st President of Kyrgyzstan Tulip Revolution
2006 Thaksin Shinawatra Thailand Thailand 31st Prime Minister of Thailand 2006 Thai coup d'état
2009 Marc Ravalomanana Madagascar Madagascar 5th President of Madagascar 2009 Malagasy political crisis
2009 Manuel Zelaya Honduras Honduras 52nd President of Honduras 2009 Honduran coup d'état
2010 Kurmanbek Bakiyev Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010
2011 Zine El Abidine Ben Ali[14] Tunisia Tunisia 2nd President of Tunisia Tunisian Revolution
2011 Hosni Mubarak[15] Egypt Egypt 4th President of Egypt 2011 Egyptian revolution
2011 Muammar Gaddafi Libya Libya Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya First Libyan Civil War
2011 Ali Abdullah Saleh Yemen Yemen 1st President of Yemen Yemeni Revolution
2013 Mohamed Morsi Egypt Egypt 5th President of Egypt 2013 Egyptian coup d'état
2014 Viktor Yanukovych Ukraine Ukraine 4th President of Ukraine Revolution of Dignity
2014 Yingluck Shinawatra Thailand Thailand 28th Prime Minister of Thailand 2014 Thai coup d'état
2016 Dilma Rousseff Brazil Brazil 36th President of Brazil Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
2017 Park Geun-hye South Korea South Korea 11th President of South Korea Impeachment of Park Geun-hye
2017 Robert Mugabe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 2nd President of Zimbabwe 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état
2017 Yahya Jammeh The Gambia The Gambia 2nd President of the Gambia 2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
2018 Serzh Sargsyan Armenia Armenia 3rd President of Armenia 2018 Armenian revolution
2019 Abdelaziz Bouteflika[16] Algeria Algeria 7th President of Algeria 2019 Algerian protests
2019 Omar al-Bashir[17] Sudan Sudan 7th President of Sudan 2019 Sudanese coup d'état
2021 Ashraf Ghani Afghanistan Afghanistan 5th President of Afghanistan 2021 Taliban offensive
2021 Aung San Suu Kyi Myanmar Myanmar State Counsellor of Myanmar 2021 Myanmar coup d'état
2022 Gotabaya Rajapaksa[18] Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 8th President of Sri Lanka 2022 Sri Lankan political crisis
2022 Imran Khan Pakistan Pakistan 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan 2022 Pakistani constitutional crisis
2022 Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Interim President of Burkina Faso September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état
2022 Pedro Castillo Peru Peru 63rd President of Peru 2022 Peruvian self-coup d'état attempt
2023 Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou Niger Niger 15th Prime Minister of Niger 2023 Nigerien coup d'état
2023 Ali Bongo Ondimba Gabon Gabon 3rd President of Gabon 2023 Gabonese coup d'état

Deposed head of state or government monarchs

Type
587 BCE Zedekiah Kingdom of Judah King of Judah Fall of Jerusalem
539 BCE Nabonidus Neo-Babylonian Empire King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire Fall of Babylon
331 BCE Darius III  Achaemenid Empire King of Kings Battle of Gaugamela
320 BCE Perdiccas Macedonian Empire Regent of Macedonia First War of the Diadochi
207 BCE Qin Er Shi Qin dynasty Emperor of China Fall of the Qin
316 BCE Olympias Macedonia Queen of Macedonia Second War of the Diadochi
310 BCE Alexander IV of Macedon and Roxana Macedonia King and Queen of Macedon Assassinated by Cassander during the Third War of the Diadochi
168 BCE Perseus of Macedon Macedonia Basileus of Macedonia Third Macedonian War
63 BCE Mithridates IV of Pontus Kingdom of Pontus King of Pontus Third Mithridatic War
47 BCE Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt Pharaoh of Egypt Alexandrian war
30 BCE Cleopatra Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt War of Actium
41 CE Caligula Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard and the Roman Senate in favor of his uncle Claudius and attempted abolition of the Principate
68 Nero Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Outlawed and killed during rebellion by Gaius Julius Vindex
69 Galba Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard during the Year of the Four Emperors
69 Otho Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Defeated by Vitellius at the First Battle of Bedriacum
69 Vitellius Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Defeated by Vespasian at the Second Battle of Bedriacum
193 Commodus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated at the beginning of the Year of the Five Emperors
193 Pertinax Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard during the Year of the Five Emperors
193 Didius Julianus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated in revolt by Septimius Severus during the Year of the Five Emperors
193 Pescennius Niger Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Killed by the Imperial Roman army while retreating from Antioch
197 Clodius Albinus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Claim to the emperorship defeated during the Year of the Five Emperors, decisively defeated at the Battle of Lugdunum
220 Emperor Xian of Han Han dynasty Emperor of China End of the Han dynasty
235 Severus Alexander Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Imperial Roman army at the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century
238 Maximinus Thrax Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Legio II Parthica during the siege of Aquilea
238 Gordian I Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Committed suicide after defeat of his forces at the Battle of Carthage
238 Gordian II Roman Empire Roman Empire Co-emperor Killed at the Battle of Carthage
238 Pupienus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by Balbinus during the Year of the Six Emperors
238 Balbinus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard during the Year of the Six Emperors
249 Cao Shuang Cao Wei Regent of Cao Wei Incident at the Gaoping Tombs
251 Decius and Herennius Etruscus Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperors Gothic War
260 Valerian I Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Battle of Edessa
307 Severus II Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
312 Maxentius Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman emperor Battle of the Milvian Bridge
324 Valens Roman Empire Roman Empire Eastern Roman emperor Battle of Adrianople
475 Julius Nepos Western Roman Empire Western Roman Empire Western Roman emperor Defeated in rebellion by Orestes
476 Romulus Augustulus Western Roman Empire Western Roman Empire Western Roman emperor Fall of the Western Roman Empire
493 Odoacer Kingdom of Italy King of Italy Killed by Theodoric the Great during the Ostrogothic conquest of Italy
626 Emperor Gaozong of Tang Tang dynasty Emperor of China Xuanwu Gate Incident
628 Khosrow II Sasanian Empire Sasanian Empire King of Kings Sasanian civil war of 628–632
649 Emperor Taizong of Tang Tang dynasty Emperor of China Transition from Sui to Tang
652 Yazdegerd III Sasanian Empire Sasanian Empire King of Kings Muslim conquest of Persia
695 Justinian II Roman Empire Roman Empire Roman Emperor Justinian II
705 Wu Zetian Zhou dynasty Empress of China Coup d'état by Emperor Zhongzong of Tang
960 Guo Zongxun Later Zhou dynasty Emperor of China Coup at Chen Bridge
1013 Æthelred the Unready England England King of England Overthrown by Danish invasion
1126 Emperor Qinzong Northern Song dynasty Emperor of China Jingkang incident
1167 Diarmaid mac Murchadha Kingdom of Leinster King of Leinster Deposed by the Irish High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair for allegations that he had kidnapped Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn
1206 Alexios IV Angelos and Alexios V Doukas Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman emperor Fourth Crusade
1248 Sancho II of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal King of Portugal Deposed by Pope Innocent IV in the bull Grandi non immerito
1279 Zhao Bing Southern Song dynasty Emperor of China Mongol conquest of China
1298 Adolf, King of the Romans Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire King of the Romans Deposed by prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire
1327 Edward II of England[1] England England King of England Forced to abdicate by Parliament of 1327
1370 Toghon Temür Yuan dynasty Emperor of China Red Turban Rebellions
1399 Richard II of England[2] England England King of England Invasion of England by Henry Bolingbroke
1400 Wenceslaus, King of the Romans Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire King of the Romans Deposed by Sigismund of Luxembourg in favor of Rupert III
1453 Constantine XI Palaiologos Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman emperor Fall of Constantinople, conquest of the former Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire
1461 Henry VI of England England England King of England Wars of the Roses
1470 Edward IV of England England England King of England Wars of the Roses
1483 Edward V of England England England King of England Abducted to the Tower of London during the Wars of the Roses
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Queen of Scotland
1623 Gwanghaegun of Joseon Joseon Korean Emperor Overthrown by the Westerner faction in favor of Injo of Joseon
1640 Philip III of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal

Kingdom of the Algarve

King of Portugal

King of the Algarve

Portuguese Restoration War
1644 Chongzhen Emperor Ming dynasty Emperor of China Late Ming peasant rebellions
1645 Li Zicheng Shun dynasty Emperor of China Transition from Ming to Qing
1649 Charles I of England England England

Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland

King of England

King of ScotlandKing of Ireland

English Civil War
1688 James II of England England England

Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland

Kingdom of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland

King of England

King of ScotlandKing of Ireland

Glorious Revolution
1735 Stanisław Leszczyński Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania War of the Polish Succession
1790 Maria Christina and Albert Casimir Austrian Netherlands Governor of the Austrian Netherlands Brabant Revolution
1792 Louis XVI Kingdom of France Kingdom of France King of France French Revolution
1795 Stanisław August Poniatowski Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Third Partition of Poland
1806 Francis II Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Emperor Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire at the end of the War of the Third Coalition, remained Emperor of Austria
1807 Selim III Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman coups of 1807–1808
1808 Mustafa IV Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman coups of 1807–1808
1809 Gustav IV Adolf Sweden

Finland

King of Sweden

Grand Prince of Finland

Finnish War and Coup of 1809
1810 Ferdinand VII of Spain Spanish Empire Spanish Empire King of Spain and the Indies Forced to abdicate by Napoleon at the beginning of the Peninsular War, which also led to the Spanish American wars of independence in which Spain lost most of its colonies
1814 Christian Frederick Denmark–Norway Denmark-Norway King of Norway Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)
1814-15 Napoleon I First French Empire First French Empire Emperor of the French Exiled to Elba after defeat in the War of the Sixth Coalition, returned and restored control of France but was defeated again in the Battle of Waterloo and exiled in Saint Helena
1815 Louis XVIII Kingdom of France King of France Briefly deposed in Napoleon's Hundred Days
1823 Augustin I of Mexico First Mexican Empire First Mexican Empire Emperor of Mexico Casa Mata Plan Revolution
1830 Charles X Kingdom of France King of France July Revolution
1848 Louis Philippe I France Kingdom of France King of France French Revolution of 1848
1858 Bahadur Shah Zafar[19] Mughal Empire Mughal emperor British defeat of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
1864 Christian IX of Denmark Duchy of Schleswig

Duchy of Holstein Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg

Duke of Schleswig

Duke of Holstein Duke of Lauenberg

Second Schleswig War
1866 Franz Joseph I of Austria  German Confederation President of the German Confederation Austro-Prussian War
1866 George V of Hanover  Hanover King of Hanover Austro-Prussian War
1866 Frederick William, Elector of Hesse  Hesse Elector of Hesse Austro-Prussian War
1866 Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg  Nassau Duke of Nassau Austro-Prussian War
1867 Maximilian I of Mexico  Mexico Emperor of Mexico Defeat of Second French intervention in Mexico
1868 Isabella II of Spain  Spain Queen of Spain Glorious Revolution (Spain)
1871 Napoleon III  Second French Empire Emperor of the French Franco-Prussian War
1889 Pedro II of Brazil  Empire of Brazil Emperor of Brazil Decline and fall of Pedro II of Brazil
1896 Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe Nembe Kingdom King of Nembe Deposed by the British Empire
1898 Guangxu Emperor  China Emperor of China Defeat of Hundred Days' Reform
1908 Abdul Hamid II[20]  Ottoman Empire Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Young Turk Revolution
1910 Manuel II of Portugal  Portugal King of Portugal 5 October 1910 revolution
1912 Puyi  China Emperor of China 1911 Revolution
1914 Peter I of Serbia  Serbia King of Serbia Serbian campaign of World War I
1917 Nicholas II of Russia  Russia Emperor of all the Russias February Revolution
1918 Charles I of Austria  Austria-Hungary Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary Dissolution of Austria-Hungary as a result of World War I
1918 Wilhelm II, German Emperor  Germany German Emperor German Revolution of 1918–1919
1922 Mehmed VI  Ottoman Empire Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire during the Turkish War of Independence
1931 Alfonso XIII  Spain King of Spain Abdicated after the monarchists were overwhelmingly defeated in the 1931 Spanish local elections
1939 Zog I of Albania  Albanian Kingdom King of Albania Italian invasion of Albania
1940 Charlotte  Luxembourg Grand Duchess of Luxembourg German invasion of Luxembourg
1940 Wilhelmina of the Netherlands  Netherlands Queen of the Netherlands German invasion of the Netherlands
1941 Reza Shah  Iran Shah of Iran Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1941 George II of Greece  Greece King of Greece German invasion of Greece
1947 George VI  British Raj Emperor of India Independence of India
1947 Michael I of Romania  Romania King of Romania Soviet occupation of Romania
1952 Farouk of Egypt[21]  Egypt King of Egypt Egyptian revolution of 1952
1958 Faisal II of Iraq  Iraq King of Iraq 14 July Revolution
1962 Muhammad al-Badr  North Yemen King and Imam of Yemen North Yemen Civil War
1964 Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar  Zanzibar Sultan of Zanzibar Zanzibar Revolution
1967 Constantine II of Greece  Greece King of Greece 1967 Greek counter-coup
1969 Idris of Libya[22]  Libya King of Libya 1969 Libyan coup d'état
1973 Mohammed Zahir Shah  Afghanistan King of Afghanistan 1973 Afghan coup d'état
1974 Haile Selassie[23]  Ethiopia Emperor of Ethiopia 1974 Ethiopian coup d'état
1975 Sisavang Vatthana  Laos King of Laos Laotian Civil War
1978 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  Imperial State of Iran Shah of Iran Iranian Revolution
1987 Elizabeth II of Fiji  Fiji Queen of Fiji Fijian monarchy abolished after the 1987 Fijian coups d'état
2020 Sanusi Lamido Sanusi Kano Emirate Emir of Kano Deposed by the Kano State Government for corruption

Deposed non-head of state or government politicians and monarchs

Year Politician Country Title Type
1660 Salvador de Sá State of Brazil

Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal

Governor of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro Cachaça Revolt
1666 Jerônimo de Mendonça Furtado State of Brazil

Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal

Governor of the Captaincy of Pernambuco Imprisionment during the Conjuration of Our Father
1789 César-Constantin-François de Hoensbroeck Prince-Bishopric of Liège Prince-Bishop of Liège Liège Revolution
1870 William Woods Holden United States United States Governor of North Carolina Impeachment
1871 David Butler United States United States Governor of Nebraska Impeachment
1913 William Sulzer United States United States Governor of New York Impeachment
1917 James Edward Ferguson United States United States Governor of Texas Impeachment
1923 Jack Walton United States United States Governor of Oklahoma Impeachment
1929 Henry Simpson Johnston United States United States Governor of Oklahoma Impeachment
1930 João Pessoa Brazil Brazil Governor of Paraíba Assassinated
1969 Pedro Aleixo Brazil Brazil Vice President of Brazil Removed from the office by the Brazilian Military Junta of 1969
1988 Evan Mecham United States United States Governor of Arizona Impeachment
1992 Edmundo Pinto Brazil Brazil Governor of Acre Assassinated
2005 Diepreye Alamieyeseigha Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Bayelsa State Impeachment
2006 Rasheed Ladoja Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Oyo State Impeachment
2006 Ayo Fayose Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Ekiti State Impeachment
2006 Joshua Dariye Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Plateau State Impeachment
2006 Peter Obi Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Anambra State Impeachment
2009 Rod Blagojevich United States United States Governor of Illinois Impeachment and removed from the office
2009 Marcelo Miranda Brazil Brazil Governor of Tocantins Removed from the office by the Superior Electoral Court
2011 Hélio de Oliveira Santos Brazil Brazil Mayor of Campinas, São Paulo Impeachment
2014 Murtala Nyako Nigeria Nigeria Governor of Adamawa State Impeachment
2016 Eduardo Cunha Brazil Brazil Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro Removed from the office by the Supreme Federal Court
2020 Wilson Witzel Brazil Brazil Governor of Rio de Janeiro Impeachment of Wilson Witzel

Notable deposed bishops

See also

References

  1. ^ a b The Deposition of Edward II, Medieval England, Steven Muhlberger, ORB: The Online Reference for Medieval Studies, 1999
  2. ^ a b The deposition of Richard II Archived 2017-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, J.P.Sommerville, History Department, University of Wisconsin
  3. ^ Sierra, Jerry A. "Batista - From Army Sergeant to Dictator". History of Cuba. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  4. ^ "Khrushchev Ousted From Top Posts". The New York Times - On This Day, October 14, 1964. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  5. ^ "Head to Head: Toppling of Idi Amin". BBC News. BBC. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  6. ^ "The Downfall of Marcos". H Monte Hill, Air University. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  7. ^ 25 Years after the Fall of Alfredo Stroessner Right Livelihood.
  8. ^ "East Germany Leader Ousted". BBC News - On This Day (18 October). BBC. 1989-10-18. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  9. ^ "Evolution in Europe: Bulgarian Communist stalwart says he'd do it all differently". The New York Times. 28 November 1990. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  10. ^ "US Forces Oust General Noriega". BBC News - On This Day (20 December). BBC. 1989-12-20. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  11. ^ "The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceaușescu". The Seventh Art. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  12. ^ "Milošević's Yugoslavia - Downfall". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  13. ^ "President Charles Ghankay Taylor, 1997-2003". Liberia Past and Present. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  14. ^ "Tunisia: The fall of Ben Ali". Al-Bab. 17 December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  15. ^ "Egypt's Last Pharaoh? The rise and fall of Hosni Mubarak". Time. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Abdelaziz Bouteflika: Algerian leader resigns amid protests". BBC News. BBC. 3 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  17. ^ "Sudan coup: Protesters defy curfew after military ousts Bashir". BBC News. BBC. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  18. ^ "Sri Lanka leader flees as protesters storm home". France 24. AFP. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  19. ^ "The last days of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in Burma". Two Circles. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  20. ^ "The Young Turk Revolution and the 1908 annexation of Bosnia". Balkan Analysis. 25 April 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  21. ^ "The overthrow of Egypt's King Farouk - a dramatic departure from power". Al-Arabiya. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Bloodless Coup in Libya". BBC News - On This Day (1 September). BBC. September 1969. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  23. ^ "The Last Emperor - The Fall of Haile Selassie". Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
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