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((More citations needed|date=January 2009))((Dynamic list))History provides many examples of notable [[diaspora]]s. The Eurominority.eu map (the [[European Union]]) Peoples of the World includes some diasporas and underrepresented/stateless ethnic groups.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.eurominority.eu/version/shop/poster-peoples-big.asp|title=Poster "Peoples of the world"|website=arquivo.pt|access-date=2017-09-03|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20141125145122/http://www.eurominority.eu/version/shop/poster-peoples-big.asp|archive-date=2014-11-25))</ref>

''Note: the list below is not definitive and includes groups that have not been given significant historical attention. Whether the migration of some of the groups listed fulfils the conditions required to be considered a diaspora may be open for debate''.

((compact TOC|side=yes|top=yes|num=yes))

==A==
* [[Acadians|Acadian]] diaspora – In 1755, during the [[French and Indian War]], the French-speaking population of [[Acadia]] was expelled by the British colonial government, in an event that has come to be known as the Great Upheaval or Grand Dérangement: [[Expulsion of the Acadians]]. Although an order in council was passed in 1764 to allow the Acadians to return, many settled in other parts of North America, including a large population in [[Louisiana]], where they became known as the [[Cajuns]].
* [[Afghan refugees]] – fled their country throughout the 20th century, especially to nearby Pakistan, India and Iran. Since 1980, over half a million Afghans migrated to Europe (many to Great Britain and Germany), while a quarter of a million went to North America (the US and Canada), and less than 50,000 settled in Australia. There are around 25,000 people of Afghan descent living in [[Hamburg]] alone. ((citation needed|date=December 2016)) As with the [[Durand Line]] issue, some deny Afghan as being considered an ethnicity and consider only [[Pashtuns]] from Pakistan and [[Afghanistan]] to be Afghans as opposed to non-Pashtuns in Afghanistan. In the old definition of Afghan, it refers to just Pashtun people, and can especially imply Muslim communities in the [[Indian subcontinent]], (and those that migrated into the Caribbean region) most of which have forgot [[Pashto]] and replaced with the language of their host region. These assimilated communities were endogamous at the time keeping the members ancestrally homogenous, however the [[partition of India]] caused [[miscegenation]] to be high in many of such communities. Patrilineal descent is the typical indication of such ancestry. ((citation needed|date=December 2016))
* [[African diaspora]] – [[Black people|Black African]] diasporas. This includes [[British African-Caribbean community|Afro-Caribbeans]], [[Afro-European]]s (e.g. [[Black British]]), [[Afro-Latin American]]s and [[Black Canadians]].
** [[African Americans]]: The [[2010 United States Census|2010 US Census]] stated 43 million overall, but between 35 and 50 million or 12-15% of the US population are Black or of Sub-Saharan African descent. They tend to be descendants of slaves brought to [[New World|the New World]] in the 1600s-early 19th century until the practice was made illegal in 1865 after the [[American Civil War|US Civil War]] (the United States or Union defeated the seceded [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] in the southern states). Significant immigration of African-descended populations from the Caribbean, plus direct immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa, began in the 20th century.
** [[African Australians]] – part of the African diaspora in Australia. Note that in Australia, the term "African Australian" refers strictly to people who migrated directly from Africa to Australia, or had an ancestor do so. Immigrants from the African diaspora (such as Caribbeans and African Americans) are not included in the term.
* [[Albanian diaspora]] – 2.8 million live in [[Albania]], with an estimated 8.5 million world total (the largest populations being in Italy, Greece, Turkey, the United States, Canada and Australia). The largest concentration of Albanians outside the country is in neighbouring [[Kosovo]]. Other Albanian enclaves are in southern [[Serbia]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]], [[Romania]], Russia, Turkey, [[Ukraine]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and coastal [[Croatia]]. Another population of ethnic Albanians, known as the ''Arbereshe'', has lived in southern Italy, especially in regions of [[Abruzzo]], [[Calabria]], [[Campania]], [[Naples]], [[Apulia]] and [[Sicily]] for over eight centuries. In the 19th and 20th centuries, repeated large waves of Albanian emigration took place as Albanians moved to northern and western Europe (i.e. France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.), the former Soviet Union, North America (the U.S. – see [[Albanian American]] and with smaller numbers in Mexico and South America), Australia and across Asia (the former [[Ottoman Empire]] in the Middle East).
* [[Americans]] living abroad – People from the United States (US), largest numbers in Mexico and Canada, as well in [[Liberia]] (African-Americans), Israel ([[American Jews]]), Japan (off the Asian continent), and throughout Asia ([[South Korea]] and [[Philippines]]), Europe (i.e. France and the UK) and the (Latin) Americas.
* [[Arab diaspora]] – around 30 million [[Arabs]] have left the [[Arab world]] escaping hotspots, and conflicts areas, those who have migrated from the Arab world, now reside in Western Europe, the [[Americas]] (e.g. [[Detroit]] has the largest [[Arab-American]] community), Australia and elsewhere. (See especially [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], [[Syrians]] and [[Palestinians]]).
* [[Argentina|Argentine diaspora]] – People from [[Argentina]] known as ''[[Argentines]]'' whom live overseas in communities across the [[Americas]] (like [[Uruguay]] and Brazil until the 1990s), western Europe (esp. Spain, Italy, Germany, France and the United Kingdom.) and elsewhere (i.e. Israel), mainly are political refugees from the [[military junta]] in the late 1970s and 1980s, (see also [[Argentine American]]s in the USA.).
* [[Armenian diaspora]] – [[Armenians]] living in [[Armenian Highlands|their ancient homeland]], which had been controlled by the [[Ottoman Empire]] for centuries, fled persecution, massacres and [[Armenian genocide|genocide]] during several periods of forced emigration, from the 1880s to the 1920s. Many Armenians settled in the United States, a majority of whom live in the state of [[California]] (see [[Armenian American]]s), France, Canada, Greece, [[Cyprus]], [[Iran]], [[Lebanon]], Russia, [[Syria]], and a [[Armenians in Ethiopia|small orphan population]] in the former [[Ethiopian Empire]]. 
* [[Asian Americans]] – made up of mainly East Asian peoples in the United States, esp. of other diasporas like [[Chinese American|Chinese]] (the largest), [[Japanese American|Japanese]] and [[Filipino American|Filipino]], the largest concentrations are in [[California]] like the city of San Francisco (35%, while 20% of the city are Chinese+4% [[Taiwanese American|Taiwanese]]) and Los Angeles; the state of [[Hawaii]] – over half (60%) of state population, and New York City.
* [[Assyrian diaspora]] – a [[Semitic people|Semitic]] Christian population of the Middle East (originally they lived in [[Assyria]]). In the 20th century, millions of Assyrians left the Middle East due to ongoing ethnic, political and religious persecution. Assyrian communities flourish in the United States, Canada, Australia and throughout [[Western Europe]].
* [[Australian diaspora]] – About 750,000 Australian expatriates live outside of Australia, mostly business executives and retired people seeking a new place to live. There are large Australian communities in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and North America; and smaller groups in Europe, Africa (especially [[South Africa]]), the Middle East (particularly the [[United Arab Emirates]]), east and south Asia (including [[Thailand]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]), and Latin America (like [[Costa Rica]], esp. Brazil, [[Chile]], and [[Argentina]]).
* [[Azerbaijani diaspora]] – About 35 million people, the communities of [[Azerbaijanis]] living outside of places of their ethnic origin: [[Azerbaijan Republic]] and [[Iranian Azerbaijan]]. The term ''Azerbaijani diaspora'' refers to the global community of ethnic [[Azerbaijani People|Azeris]].

==B==
* [[Bangladeshi diaspora]] – members of the Bangladeshi diaspora may have moved abroad for better living conditions, to give western education to their children, to escape poverty, to support their financial condition or to send money back to families in [[Bangladesh]]. The countries and regions with the largest Bangladeshi populations include the [[Bangladeshis in the Middle East|Middle East]] (notably [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]), [[Bangladeshis in Malaysia|Malaysia]] and parts of the [[western world]], including the [[British Bangladeshi|United Kingdom]] and Italy.
* [[Basque diaspora]] – [[Basques]] who left the [[Basque Country (historical territory)|Basque Country]] in northern Spain and southwest France, usually to the Americas (esp. the western U.S., [[Chile]] – where 10-20% of the population are of Basque descent,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ohigginstours.com/eng/basques |title=O'Higgins Tours &#124;A History of the Basques in Chile |publisher=Ohigginstours.com |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref> [[Uruguay]], [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]] and Mexico) for economic or political reasons. There are also Basque Catholic missionaries across the world, as well Basque fishermen in Canada ([[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]), Northern Europe, East Asia, and [[Oceania]] (Australia).
* [[Bengali Hindu diaspora]] – the worldwide population of the [[Bengali Hindus]] of [[Indian people|Indian]] and [[Bangladeshi people|Bangladeshi]] origin.
* [[Bihari people|Bihari]] – [[Islam in Pakistan|Pakistani Muslims]] of different ethnic origins in [[Bengal]], India and [[Bangladesh]], a small percentage of population left over from Pakistan's rule of [[Bangladesh]] (then [[East Pakistan]]) from 1947 to 1971.
* [[Bosnian diaspora]] – grew substantially during the [[Bosnian war]]. It mainly consists of [[Bosniaks]] but also out of [[Bosnian Croats]] and [[Bosnian Serbs]]. Many [[Bosnians]] live in the United States, mostly in large cities like [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]]; [[Chicago]]; New York City; Washington, D.C., [[Boston, Massachusetts]]; and [[Los Angeles]]; and many live in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Italy, Austria, [[Croatia]], [[Serbia]], Switzerland and Turkey.
* [[Brazilian diaspora]] – Motivated by factors such as the elevated levels of [[Corruption in Brazil|corruption]], [[Crime in Brazil|violence]], [[Unemployment in Brazil|unemployment]], [[Social issues in Brazil#Poverty and income concentration|poverty]], [[Income inequality in Brazil|income inequality]], [[Taxation in Brazil|taxation]], among other reasons. Has been characterized by two large waves. The first wave started during the 1980s, a period known in Latin America as ''[[La Década Perdida|The Lost Decade]]'' (in Brazil, more precisely after the end of the [[Brazilian military dictatorship|military dictatorship]] in 1985, when the [[direct democracy]] was reinstated with the beginning of the [[History of Brazil since 1985|New Republic]]). During this period, despite several attempts made by the then-[[President of Brazil|President]]s to [[Timeline of Brazilian economic stabilization plans|stabilize the economy]], the country suffered a series of [[Economic history of Brazil#Stagnation, inflation and crisis (1981–1993)|successive economic crises]] that lasted until the early 2000s, culminating in issues like [[Hyperinflation in Brazil|hyperinflation]], [[samba effect]], [[Water privatization in Brazil|privatization of the water system]], among other consequences. Because of this, many [[Brazilians]] decided to move abroad looking for a better life. The second one was larger and started during the [[2014 Brazilian economic crisis#Emigration|2014 economic crisis]], when a record number of Brazilians started to leave the country. This emigration continued to escalate in later years until the arrival of the [[COVID-19]] [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] in [[COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil|the country]] in February 2020. Throughout history, it is estimated that about 3.1 million Brazilians have moved to other countries, mainly the United States, [[Paraguay]], Japan and Portugal. In the United States, many Brazilians try to accomplish what is known as ''The [[American Dream]]''. They generally live in communities where there are a large number of countrymen. They are most found in the states of [[Florida]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]] and [[California]]. In Paraguay, where the Brazilian immigrants are known as ''Brasiguayos'', most of them work either in agricultural lands located in rural areas or selling products for Brazilians in several retail stores opened by them in [[Ciudad del Este]], a city located near the [[Triple Frontier]] with Brazil and [[Argentina]]. In Japan, most immigrants are [[Japanese Brazilians]] who are direct descendants of the Japanese immigrants who moved to Brazil, especially to [[Japanese community of São Paulo|the community they formed]] during the early 20th century in the district of [[Liberdade (district of São Paulo)|Liberdade]], located in the city of [[São Paulo]]. In Portugal, many Brazilians are attracted by the ease to speak Portuguese (the [[European Portuguese]] dialect does not have large differences compared to [[Brazilian Portuguese]]), and considering the large number of Brazilians who have Portuguese ancestry, many of them have decided to apply for the acquisition of the [[Portuguese nationality law|Portuguese citizenship]] using the principle of ''[[jus sanguinis]]''.
* [[Breton diaspora]] - The population from Brittany, celtic region in north-western France who have emigrated temporarily or permanently outside the borders of this region, while maintaining links with it. Bretons chiefly migrated to France, Canada, the United States and Caribbean islands but also in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand among others. 
* [[British diaspora]] – During the last four hundred years millions of English, [[Scots language|Scots]], and [[Welsh people|Welsh]] have migrated all over the world, for a great variety of reasons, especially to the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, but many other places besides (e.g. [[Zimbabwe]], Spain, [[Kenya]], [[Chile]] and [[Argentina]]).
* [[Bulgarian diaspora]] – an estimated three million ethnic [[Bulgarians]] are dispersed around the world, the majority in Europe such as in neighboring nations of [[Romania]], Greece, [[Serbia]], Turkey and [[North Macedonia]]. About 200,000 in the US, with 50,000 others in Canada, 20,000 in Australia, and 20,000 in Brazil. Other large Bulgarian diaspora communities are in France, Germany, Spain, [[Argentina]], Italy, Russia and the United Kingdom.

==C==
* The [[Cape Verdean diaspora]] refers to historical emigration from [[Cape Verde]]. Today, more [[Cape Verdeans]] live abroad than in Cape Verde itself. Diaspora communities include those in the United States, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Spain and Canada.
* The [[Cham people|Cham]] who are Southeast Asians mostly practice Islam. The Cham people's diaspora begins with the conclusion of the [[Cham–Vietnamese War (1471)|Cham-Vietnamese War of 1471]] as Vietnamese forces attacked and sacked the capital [[Vijaya (Champa)|Vijaya]] and defeat the Cham army decisively. As a result of the conflict, the [[Champa]] kingdom was forced to cede its remaining territory to [[Vietnam]].<ref>((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVhvh6ibLJcC&dq=vietnam+destroy+champa&pg=PA318   |title= The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Part 2 Parts 1368-1644 By Denis C. Twitchett, Frederick W. Mote |date= 1998-01-28|access-date=June 26, 2015|isbn= 9780521243339 |last1= Twitchett |first1= Denis C. |last2= Mote |first2= Frederick W. |publisher= Cambridge University Press ))</ref> Sizable communities of descendants exist in [[Cambodia]]'s eastern territories, such as [[Kampong Cham province]], on [[Hainan]] Island in China and the Vietnamese archipelago of the [[South China Sea]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chamtoday.com/index.php/history-l-ch-s/169-the-cham-descendants-of-ancient-rulers-of-south-china-sea-watch-maritime-dispute-from-sidelines |title=The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines Written by Adam Bray |publisher=IOC-Champa |access-date=June 26, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626101606/http://www.chamtoday.com/index.php/history-l-ch-s/169-the-cham-descendants-of-ancient-rulers-of-south-china-sea-watch-maritime-dispute-from-sidelines |archive-date=June 26, 2015 ))</ref> The Cham people's numbers were reduced by the persecutions of [[Pol Pot]]'s [[Khmer Rouge]] regime in the 1970s.
* [[Chechens]] – fled [[Chechnya]] during the 1990s insurrection against Russia. The majority of displaced [[Chechens]] fled to [[Azerbaijan]], [[Armenia]] and the [[Georgia (country)|Republic of Georgia]], but tens of thousands of Chechen refugees migrated to Europe, North America and across the Middle East. Previous waves of migration took Chechens to [[Egypt]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]], Turkey and [[Saudi Arabia]] in 1820 or 1890.
* [[Cherokee]]s – a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe indigenous to the [[Southeastern United States]], whose official tribal organization is [[Cherokee Nation]] based in [[Oklahoma]], United States, which had 400,000 citizens in 2022 <ref>((cite web | url=https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/news/map-shows-cn-citizen-population-for-each-state/article_066ff0b8-0df3-536e-ab04-dead9dd33925.html | title=Map shows CN citizen population for each state | date=29 August 2018 ))</ref> but the US census reported 800,000 Americans claimed Cherokee descent as of 2005, and the total ethnic population in the USA nearly doubled to 1.5 million by 2015. ((citation needed|date=February 2016)) However, anthropological and genetic experts in Native American studies have argued that there could be over two million more Cherokee descendants scattered across North America (the largest number at 300–600,000 in [[California]]). The beginnings of the Cherokee diaspora was from their forced removal in the ''[[Trail of Tears]]''. Later, thousands of "Americanized" Cherokee farmers were forced to settle across the Americas (i.e. Canada, [[Cuba]] and South America-an estimated 90–100,000 descendants there ((citation needed|date=February 2016))) as the result of the [[Dawes Act]]. In the 20th century, many Cherokees served in the U.S. Army during World War I, World War II, the [[Korean War]] and the [[Vietnam War]]. These soldiers left some descendants by intermarriage with "war brides" in Europe and [[east Asia]]. Some Cherokees and other American Indians might have emigrated to Europe and elsewhere through the [[British Empire|British]] and [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] empires. They make up the global Cherokee diaspora.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.vahistorical.org/read-watch-listen/video-and-audio/cherokee-diaspora-history-migration-survival-and-pride-gregory-d |title=The Cherokee Diaspora: A History of Migration, Survival, and Pride by Gregory D. Smithers &#124; Virginia Historical Society |publisher=Vahistorical.org |access-date=2016-07-25))</ref>
* The [[Chian diaspora]] occurred in 1822, when the Greco-Genoese population of [[Chios]] was killed, exiled, and enslaved by their Ottoman rulers.
* [[Chilean people|Chilean]] diaspora – A small but widespread community, mostly of [[political refugees]] who fled the [[Augusto Pinochet]] regime after the [[Chilean coup of 1973|1973 coup]]. Overseas [[Chile]]an communities are in [[Argentina]], Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Sweden, [[Venezuela]] and the USA. (see [[Chilean American]]s), but smaller communities are found in Belgium, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. During the Pinochet era, many refugees moved to [[East Germany]] when it was a communist country before reunification with Germany in 1990.
* [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese diaspora]] – number over 50 million worldwide with other estimates range up to 100 million total of Chinese descent. The largest overseas Chinese communities are in Asia. [[Indonesia]], [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Philippines]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Myanmar]] (in descending order of ethnic Chinese population size) have at least 1 million ethnic Chinese each. Three countries outside Asia, namely the United States (esp. States of [[California]], [[Hawaii]], [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington]] State), Canada (esp. urban areas of [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]]) and Australia (esp. cities of [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]]) have populations over 1 million in size. Other sizable communities may be found in Japan, [[Cambodia]], Brazil, [[Peru]], [[Venezuela]], Russia, France, the United Kingdom, the [[Republic of Ireland]], New Zealand and [[South Africa]], each with over 100,000 ethnic Chinese.
** [[Hakka]] people.
** [[Hui people|Hui]] – [[Muslims in China]].
* [[Circassians]] – fled [[Circassia]] mainly in the 1860s. 90% of [[Circassians]] were forced by Russian Colonialists to exile in the [[Ottoman Empire]] or Imperial Turkey. The Circassian Diaspora is over four million worldwide, with large Circassian communities in [[Bulgaria]], [[Cyprus]], [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Kosovo]], [[Lebanon]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Syria]] as well the former [[USSR]], over 100,000 Circassians in North America (the United States and Canada), and over 10,000 Circassians in Australia. There are documented stories on ''[[Circassian beauties]]'' about thousands of renowned "beautiful" women from Circassia in the mid 19th century emigrated to the western world where they married European and North American men.<ref>((cite web|author=Khaled Diab |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/06/circassian-beauties-ugly-face-race-150623073549957.html |title=Circassian beauties and the ugly face of race &#124; Politics |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
* [[Colombian diaspora]] – [[Colombians|Approximately 7.6 million Colombians]] have left [[Colombia]] across the country's history, either because of displacement during the armed conflict, the pursuit of educational or vocational attainment, economic hardship, professional and social mobility, entrepreneurship reasons and even for avoiding political prosecution. The Colombian diaspora lives across the [[Americas]] (i.e. Canada, and South American nations), and across Europe (i.e. Spain, France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom). The largest overseas Colombian populations are those of [[Venezuela]] followed by the United States where they number over 2 million [[Colombian American]]s, one of the largest [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] nationalities in the country.
* [[Congolese diaspora]] found across the continent of Africa, their home countries divided by the [[Congo River|Kongo River]] are the [[Republic of Congo]] to the north and the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] formerly [[Zaire]] to the south. Smaller Congolese communities developed in [[South Africa]], [[Nigeria]] and [[Western Europe]].
* [[Cornish people]] migrated from [[Cornwall]] to other parts of England and countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, [[South Africa]], and Brazil. The diaspora was caused by a number of factors, but due mainly to economic reasons and the lack of jobs in the 18th and 19th centuries when many [[Cornish people]], or "Cousin Jacks" as they were known, migrated to various parts of the world in search of a better life. (see also [[Cornish emigration]]).
* [[Crimean Tatar diaspora]] – formed after the annexation of the [[Crimean Khanate]] by Russia, in 1783.
* [[Croatian diaspora]] – Largest number of [[Croats|Croatians]] living outside Europe are in the US, [[Chile]], Canada, Australia, [[Venezuela]] and Brazil.
* [[Cuban exile|Cuban diaspora]] – the exodus of over one million displaced [[Cubans]] (the largest community is in [[Miami]] and [[Miami metropolitan area|its metropolitan area]] in the United States) following the [[Cuban Revolution]] of 1959. (See also [[Cuban American]]s). Other preferred countries, including Spain, Mexico, [[Venezuela]] (not as much today), Ireland, Australia, and [[Nicaragua]].

==D==
* [[Danish people]] a.k.a. [[Danes]] who originate in the Nordic country of Denmark. They have historically migrated all over Europe, and about a million Danish emigrants in the last two centuries to all the world's six inhabited continents. An example of [[Culture of Denmark|Danish culture]] overseas is in [[Solvang, California]] in the United States. ((Citation needed|date=February 2010)) And returning [[Danish Americans|Danish-Americans]] in 1909 founded a town in Denmark near [[Aalborg]]. ((citation needed|date=May 2019))
* [[Delaware Tribe of Indians]] ([[Oklahoma]] United States) and [[Lenape|Leni-Lenape]] people in [[Northeastern United States|Northeastern US]], they are scattered throughout the US, extending to Mexico and Canada. See also [[Shawnee]]; [[Chickasaw]] and [[Choctaw]]; and [[Seminole]] peoples resettled in [[Indian Territory]], 1838–1907.<ref>((cite web|url=http://delawaretribe.org/services-and-programs/historic-preservation/removal-history-of-the-delaware-tribe/ |title=Official Site of the Delaware Tribe of Indians » Removal History of the Delaware Tribe |publisher=Delawaretribe.org |date=1951-07-14 |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
* [[People of the Dominican Republic|Dominican people]] from the [[Dominican Republic]] formed a Dominican diaspora. Today, over a million [[People of the Dominican Republic|Dominicans]] live in the United States (see [[Dominican American]]), followed by Canada, [[Venezuela]], [[Argentina]] (see [[Dominican Argentine]]), Spain and elsewhere. Dominicans lived outside the country in over a century (since 1900) but especially since the 1960s, Dominicans leave the country in search of available work and employment opportunities. Dominican immigration to [[Puerto Rico]] beginning in 1990 became very high in numbers per ratio to Puerto Rico's population, including illegal entries on dangerous rafts through the [[Mona Passage]] between the two islands (see [[Hispaniola]]). Dominicans now form 10% of New York City's population and 1/8 of [[Manhattan]] or [[New York County, New York|New York County]]'s, they became the city's largest [[Latin Americans|Latino]] group.
* [[Dutch diaspora]] – the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] originally came from the [[Low Countries]] and northern France. Millions of Dutch descendants have traditionally lived in the United States ([[Dutch American]]), Canada, Australia, New Zealand, [[Indonesia]], [[Sri Lanka]], Africa ([[Afrikaner]]s), the Caribbean ([[Aruba]] and [[Netherlands Antilles]]), and [[Suriname]], and some Dutch immigrants to South America.<ref>((cite web|url=http://members.tripod.com/jans_chile.cl/holandeses1.htm |title=A principios del siglo XX |publisher=Members.tripod.com |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
** [[Flemings]], a subgroup of Dutch/Low German speaking people of the country of Belgium, about 50-55% of the country's population speaks Dutch – also called [[Flemish dialects|Flemish]], one of Belgium's two major and three official languages. [[Flemish people|Flemings]] migrated to all the six continents of the world, sometimes in droves to nearby countries of France and the Netherlands, other European nations of the UK, Germany and Sweden, and they founded new settlements. The [[Azores]], a Portuguese territory was once called the ''Islas de las Flamandes'' (the Fleming Islands) in the 16th century. The [[West Flemish]] population in the [[Nord (French department)|Nord]] département of France struggle to preserve their endangered language.
** [[Frisians]], an ethnic group related to the Dutch live in the [[Friesland]]s on the northern half of the Netherlands, along with northwestern Germany and southernmost Denmark. The Frisians have their own [[Frisian languages|language]], history and customs. Frisians are thought to date back 5,000 years, migrated to the [[Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta|Rhine delta]] by the [[North Sea]] and were successful in draining out the marshes to make it inhabitable to establish cities and farmland. Frisians also migrated worldwide, a number of them were employed in the oceanic fishing markets.

==E==
* [[Ecuadorian diaspora]] – [[Ecuadorians]] from [[Ecuador]] reside in countries across the Americas (i.e. the US, see [[Ecuadorian American]]s, also in Canada, Mexico, [[Argentina]], [[Venezuela]] and Brazil), Europe (esp. Spain and Italy, with some in France and elsewhere), and smaller numbers in Japan and Australia.
* (Egyptian) [[Coptic diaspora]] – About 3 million [[Coptic Christians]], members of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Christian Church]] based in [[Egypt]] for about 2,000 years, live around the world. The largest numbers are in North America and Australia; and Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway and Sweden in Europe.
* [[Egyptian diaspora]] – 9.5 million [[Egyptians]] living abroad.
* [[Estonian diaspora]] – When [[Estonia]] was invaded by the [[Soviet Army]] in 1944, large numbers of [[Estonians]] fled their homeland on ships or smaller boats over the [[Baltic Sea]]. Many refugees who survived the risky sea voyage to Sweden and/or Germany later moved from there to Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and/or Australia. Also, with the [[June deportation]] of 1941 and [[March deportation]] of 1949, the Soviet Union forcibly transferred tens of thousands of Estonians to [[Siberia]]. Some of these refugees and their descendants returned to Estonia after the nation regained its independence in 1991. The [[Russian Empire]] displaced a fairly high number of Estonians into exile, maybe the number of descendants (the 3.5 million outside Estonia) to have assimilated into Russian society. The Estonian people are generally small in size (0.9 million within Estonia), but doesn't it include Estonian sub-groups: the [[Chudes]], [[Livonians]], [[Setos]] and [[Võros|Voros]] in neighboring lands of Russia, [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]]. There is no way to know the corrected number of Estonians, unless to count 100,000 dual nationals in the former USSR or the number of expatriates in the [[Member state of the European Union|EU countries]] (esp. Finland). ((citation needed|date=May 2012))

==F==
[[File:SpeakFrenchBeClean.jpg|thumb|250px|right|"Speak French, Be Clean" written across the wall of a Southern French school, a byproduct of the French Government policy to eradicate [[Occitania|Occitan]] and all regional languages in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.]]
* [[Fiji Indian diaspora]] – people of Indian origin left [[Fiji]] following the racially inspired coups of 1987 and 2000 to settle primarily in Australia, New Zealand, United States and Canada. Smaller numbers have settled in England and other Pacific islands.
* [[Overseas Filipino|Filipino diaspora]] – one of the largest diasporas that came from Asia (amounting approximately 20 million) made up of a variety of [[Ethnic groups of the Philippines|ethnic]], [[Languages of the Philippines|linguistic]] and [[Regions of the Philippines|regional]] groups that are originally from the [[Philippines]] and live around the world, often for Southeast Asia, East Asia, Oceania, the Middle East, North America, and Europe. Majority of them are migrant workers. [[Overseas Filipino Workers]] have their own political party in the [[Philippine Congress]].
* [[French diaspora]] – Over 100 million French-speaking and ethnic French people in the world, about 55 million in Metropolitan France in Europe, 3 million in Belgium known as the [[Walloons]], 3 million in western cantons of Switzerland and 2 million others in adjacent areas of [[Luxembourg]], the kingdoms of [[Andorra]] and [[Monaco]], and parts of western Italy, southwest Germany and northern Spain. This includes the remnants of [[Pied-Noir]]s in formerly French territories of North Africa – the now independent nations of [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]] and [[Tunisia]]; and in Southeast Asia (formerly [[French Indochina]]) – the now independent nations of [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]] and [[Vietnam]]; and millions of those of French ancestry in North America (i.e. a major contributor of settlement in the US and 8 million [[French Canadians|French-Canadians]] in Canada), South America and the Caribbean, and [[Oceania]] (i.e. [[New Caledonia]] and [[French Polynesia]]).
** [[French Canadian diaspora]] – includes hundreds of thousands of people who left [[Quebec]] for the United States (most went to [[New England]] states of [[Maine]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Vermont]]), as well as [[Ontario]] and [[Western Canada]], between about 1840 and 1930. In addition, since the 1970s [[Florida]] and other portions of the [[Southeastern United States]] have had sizable French-Canadian communities, consisting chiefly of retired senior citizens.
** The [[Acadian]] diaspora – the [[Great Expulsion]] (''Grand Dérangement'') occurred when the British expelled about 10,000 [[Acadians]] (over three-fourths of the Acadian population of [[Nova Scotia]]) between 1755 and 1764. The British split the Acadians between different colonies to impose [[cultural assimilation|assimilation]]. Most of the French-speaking Acadians resettled in the then Spanish colony of [[Louisiana]], now a state of the US where the "[[Cajuns]]" influenced the ethnological background of Louisiana. The Cajuns settled along bayous and rivers in Louisiana and have their own [[Cajun cuisine|Cajun cooking]]. In [[New Orleans]], French people from France, along with high admixture with [[Anglo]]-American, [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] and other ethnicities introducing [[Jazz]] music and [[Louisiana Creole people|Creole]] [[Louisiana Creole cuisine|cooking]].
** [[Walloons]], in the southern half of Belgium. Several languages part of the langue d'oil family of languages, where spoken in Wallonia. ( [[:fr:Atlas linguistique de la Wallonie]] ) In Belgium, due to [[Walloon language|French annexation in 1795]] of what was to become Belgium, and French being at that time a lingua franca of European Elites ( including that of Bourgeois and Aristocrats living in regions and cities currently part of [[Wallonia]] and [[Flanders]] ), the French language has been imposed as official language. At a later state, the [[Dutch language]] and, after their annexation as war reparations, the German in the easternmost parts are given co-official status. Many Walloon miners, factory workers and farmers migrated to France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden and the UK; and other French and Dutch/Belgian colonial lands (i.e. [[Belgian Congo]] and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] formerly [[Zaire]]).
** [[Occitania|Occitans]] are persons from Southern France, some are known to speak the [[Occitan language]] or ''Langue D'Oc'' for thousands of years, but in general decline from pressures by the French Republican government since the early 19th century. Occitans were often felt denied the right of their cultural heritage and some relocated out of France in quiet protest to other countries, esp. [[French Canada|French-speaking]] Canada and other parts of ''[[La Francophonie]]'' ([[French colonial empire|French Empire]] and French-speaking areas of Europe). Also there have been Occitan-speaking settlers in [[Pigüé]], [[Argentina]]; sporadically Mexico and [[Chile]]; and even into the United States in [[Valdese, North Carolina]]. ''Occitania'' is a regional-cultural movement that developed since the 1970s throughout the southern half of France with adjacent parts of Switzerland, Italy and Spain. ((citation needed|date=September 2011))
** [[Huguenots]], or French [[Protestants]]. They often migrated out of France in the 1600s and 1700s to nearby Protestant majority lands like Netherlands, Germany, the UK, the United States and Canada (then [[British North America]]), South Africa, and other lands like Switzerland, Scandinavia, Poland (the [[Prussia|Prussian Empire]]), Hungary; and Australia and New Zealand in the 19th century.
** [[Corsicans]] from the French administered island of [[Corsica]], see [[Corsican immigration to Venezuela]], [[Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico]] and [[Corsican American]].

==G==
* [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicians]] – left their region for mainly economic reasons to other areas of Spain and nearby Portugal; and to the Americas (esp. [[Argentina]], Brazil, Canada, [[Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic]], Mexico, [[Puerto Rico]], the United States, [[Uruguay]] [[Venezuela]]); and later, Western Europe (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium, [[the Netherlands]] and the United Kingdom) in the 1950s and 1960s. Galicians also went to Africa, Australia, New Zealand and east Asia: China, Japan and the [[Philippines]] which was a former Spanish colony from 1540 to 1898.
* [[Germans|German]] diaspora – an estimated 150 million<ref>((cite news|title=[http://www.en.bmi.bund.de/nn_148248/Internet/Content/Themen/Auslaender__Fluechtlinge__Asyl__Zuwanderung/DatenundFakten/Deutsche__Auslaender__mit__Migrationshintergrund__en.html Germans and foreigners with an immigrant background] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328185722/http://www.en.bmi.bund.de/nn_148248/Internet/Content/Themen/Auslaender__Fluechtlinge__Asyl__Zuwanderung/DatenundFakten/Deutsche__Auslaender__mit__Migrationshintergrund__en.html |date=2010-03-28 )). 156 is the estimate which counts all people claiming ethnic German ancestry in the U.S., Brazil, Argentina, and elsewhere.</ref><ref>"Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia" by [[Jeffrey Cole]] (2011), page 171.</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://histclo.com/country/ger/reg/pop/gr-pop.html |title=Report on German population |publisher=Histclo.com |date=4 February 2010 |access-date=2013-01-07))</ref> [[ethnic Germans]] originally from the historic German-speaking homeland of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, [[South Tyrol]] and [[Liechtenstein]], and includes parts of Belgium (see the [[German-speaking Community of Belgium]]), [[Croatia]], Denmark, France (esp. the region of [[Alsace]]), [[Gottschee|Gottschee County]] of [[Slovenia]], Italy (formerly ruled by [[Austria-Hungary]]), [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], the Netherlands, [[Pannonia]] ([[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]), Poland, [[Romania]], Russia, [[Serbia]] and [[Ukraine]]. In World War II, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia expelled over 10 million ethnic Germans from the [[Sudetenland]], [[Czechoslovakia]] (now [[Czech Republic]]) and former German provinces which were annexed by Poland, [[Slovakia]], Hungary and the former [[USSR]] ([[Belarus]]) with Soviet and Allied support. In the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, millions of Germans left German lands especially to the [[Americas]] (i.e. the United States-see [[German American]], Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Peru and Venezuela). Large numbers also migrated to Australia, where they now form the fourth largest ethnic group, with nearly 750,000 people claiming German descent. Other smaller German communities in Africa or the Middle East (i.e. Egypt, Israel, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Turkey), [[east Asia]]/[[Oceania]] (i.e. China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and New Zealand), and across the former Soviet Union (i.e. [[Kazakhstan]]).|** [[Germans from Russia|German Russians]] – Russians of German descent who settled in the Russian Empire in the 1600s and 1700s. The highest concentration are in the Volga region (Volga Germans). The majority of the German-Russian population left in the 1800s and 1900s, esp. after World War II to Germany, the US and all over the world.<ref>((Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzJh_whDGmIC&pg=PA281 | title=The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present| isbn=978-0271038148| last1=Koch| first1=Fred C.| date=November 2010| publisher=Penn State Press))</ref>
** "[[Ossi (East Germans)|Ossi]](e)s" – a term for former East Germans of the former [[East Germany]] or the German Democratic Republic in contrast to the "Wessies" or West Germans. The two countries [[Reunification of Germany|reunified]] in 1990, but there is a level of ''[[Ostalgie]]'' (means East-Nostalagia) for the past and cultural aspects of East Germany. When the [[Berlin Wall]] fell and the East-West German border was demolished, hundreds of thousands of Eastern Germans moved to the west side not only for freedom, but for the additional quality of life and economic opportunities available in the west, but after reunification a good percentage returned to what is now the same country. The 5 states of the former East (see [[New states of Germany]]) remained culturally distinct, mainly the older generation whom grew up in the GDR era. In 1989, there was an influx of East Germans into opened countries of the [[Soviet Bloc]]: Hungary, [[Czechoslovakia]] and Poland with some western embassies, esp. East Germans went to obtain passports from the Federal Republic of (West) Germany; and others went to neutral nations like Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, [[Scandinavia]] and Switzerland for political reasons as some were still sympathetic to communist ideals. Some smaller numbers of East Germans chose to move in various countries of [[Western Europe]] and the [[Americas]] as well the former Soviet Union, but most returned home in the course of the 1990s. Germany may be reunified, but some "Ossie" cultural identity remains. ((Citation needed|date=March 2012))
** [[Danube Swabians]] – Ethnic German (Austrian) communities in Hungary.
** [[Mennonites]] – [[Christians]] rooted in the 16th and 17th century [[Anabaptist]] movement of the [[Protestant Reformation]] in northern Europe. Various groups of Mennonites migrated to the US, other parts of North America (i.e. [[Belize]], Canada mainly in [[Saskatchewan]] and northern Mexico), eastern Europe and Asia (including [[Israel]] and [[Egypt]] in Africa). There are Mennonite settlements in Central and South America (esp. in the [[Gran Chaco]], [[Paraguay]]) and over a million Mennonite adherents worldwide.
** [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] a corrupted term of "Pennsedeutsch" in [[Pennsylvania]], US, where a large (in demographic terms) German American cultural presence exists to this day. The [[Pennsylvania German]] language is decreasing in use, but has a history in the state going back 350 years (since 1660). ((Citation needed|date=February 2010))
** [[Barossa German]] spoken by a colony of German-Australians in the Barossa valley, [[South Australia]], Australia.
* [[Gerash]]i diasporas – The people of Gerashi origin (of [[Iran]]) who have migrated to the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Arab States of the southern Persian Gulf]] in search of necessities and basic human rights. It has continued since the early 20th century bombing of the city by [[Reza Shah]] and the federal forces.
* [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian diaspora]] – Are people from the nation of [[Ghana]] living abroad. Significant populations can be found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, [[South Africa]], United Kingdom and United States.<ref>((Cite web|title=Index of /|url=http://www.ghanaiandiaspora.com/|access-date=2021-08-31|website=www.ghanaiandiaspora.com))</ref>
* [[Greek diaspora]] – refers to any ethnic [[Greeks|Greek]] populations living outside the borders of Greece and [[Cyprus]] as a result of modern or ancient migrations. There is a Department of Diaspora Affairs in the Greek government. An estimated three million Greeks live in North America (the United States and Canada), Africa, Australia (especially [[Melbourne]], the third largest 'Greek' city), across Europe – the largest groups being established in Germany, Sweden and Belgium – and the Middle East. Ancient Greek communities in what is now Turkey were destroyed due to the fallout from World War I and persecution. A Greek community remains in [[Istanbul]] according to the terms of the [[Treaty of Lausanne|Lausanne treaty]], but persecution in the 1950s and 1960s led most to flee. Only a small community ([[Pontic Greeks]]) remain in Turkey. A similarly ancient community of Greeks in [[Alexandria]] and [[Cairo]] was ordered to leave [[Egypt]] in the 1960s under Nasser's nationalisation programme. In addition, many Greek-speaking [[Cyprus|Cypriots]] migrated to Britain in the 20th century.

==H==
*[[Habesha peoples|Habesha diaspora]] – the peoples of the [[Ethiopian Empire]] and its successor states of [[Eritrea]] and [[Ethiopia]] have migrated over the years due to political unrest, ethnic tensions, and civil wars like the [[Ethiopian Revolution|Deg's Ethiopian Revolution]], [[Red Terror (Ethiopia)]] [[Ethiopian Civil War]], [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia and Eritrea]], [[Eritrean War of Independence]], [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]], and other present conflicts and upheavals. The [[Habesha peoples]] have used various ethnological names like "Abyssinians", "Erthyreneans", "Habesha", "Oromo", "Amharic", "Eritrean", "Ethiopian", and "[Insert Name of Ethnic Group]" depending on the time period they fled, their national origin, their political position, regional ancestry, or which of the approximately 85 to 89 constituent ethnic groups they come from. 
**[[Demographics of Eritrea|Eritreans]] – Around half a million of the total five million Eritreans fled the country during the thirty-year [[Eritrean War of Independence]] as well as fleeing violence perpetuated by the [[Politics of Eritrea|Eritrean government]] ([[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|EPLF]]–[[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|PFDJ]]). They have formed communities all over the western world (i.e. United States in [[Washington, D.C.]], and Los Angeles; and Europe: Sweden, Germany and Italy). There are more than half a million Eritreans in refugee camps (most in [[Ethiopia]] and [[Sudan]]).
**[[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopians]] – A mass movement of Ethiopian migration during the 20th century into the Middle East (mostly [[Israel]]), Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Australia, North America (esp. the United States and Canada), and Latin America caused by ethnic violence, politically unrest, and violence perpetuated by the [[Politics of Ethiopia|Ethiopian government]][[Government of Ethiopia|*]] ([[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front|EPRDF]]) has created a global Ethiopian diaspora.
*[[Demographics of Haiti|Haitian diaspora]] – many white and mixed race Haitians migrated to [[Cuba]] and then [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] after the [[Haitian Revolution]]. More recently, many black Haitians have migrated to the United States and Canada. Others live in the [[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]], the [[Dominican Republic]], and [[French Guiana]]. There are also smaller numbers in Belgium, France, Spain, and [[Venezuela]]. Increasingly, Haitians are searching for employment in [[Argentina]], [[Chile]], Mexico and Brazil. ((Citation needed|date=October 2011))
* [[Hapa]] – The modern term for mixed-race persons of Asian-Americans of white/Caucasian and Native Hawaiian ancestry. (see also [[Multiracial American]]) They tend to live across the US and western Canada, due to historic migration of Hawaiians into North America.
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos in the US]] are sometimes referred to as a newly developed "diaspora" or dispersions of immigrant peoples from Latin America into the United States, and ethnic groups continued their cultural distinction, such as [[Chicanos]] or [[Mexican Americans]], [[Puerto Rican people]], [[Cuban Americans]], etc.
* [[Hong Kong|Hongkonger]] diaspora – lives in communities in cities such as London, UK; [[Toronto]], Canada; [[California]], United States; and [[Sydney]], Australia. See [[Hongcouver]] the largest Hongkonger community in [[Vancouver, British Columbia]] and [[yacht people]].
* [[Hungarian diaspora]] – lives in numerous communities across Europe, former USSR, North America and Australia. Historic Hungary extended into parts of [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]] and [[Ukraine]]. For over 300 years, either they migrated west for economic opportunities or as political refugees, such as the failed [[Hungarian revolution of 1956]] against the [[Communist]] government, when over 200,000 Hungarians fled the country for asylum in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria (historic Austria-Hungary empire), Brazil, [[Argentina]] and [[Venezuela]]. It used to be Argentina and Venezuela had Hungarian immigrants before economic conditions worsened.

==I==
* [[Icelandic diaspora]]: at an estimated number of 150,000, half of which are in [[Icelandic Canadian|Canada]]. See [[Icelanders]].
* [[Igbo people|Igbo]] diaspora: One of the aftermaths of the devastating 1967–1970 [[Nigerian Civil War|Biafran War]] was the large scale emigration of [[Igbo people|Igbos]] from their homeland of [[Igboland]] in search of economic opportunities and generally better standard of living. Prior to that, millions of Igbo men and women were shipped to the [[Americas]] during the [[Atlantic Slave Trade]]. Today, places with the most population of diaspora Igbos and people of Igbo descent are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, [[Haiti]] and the [[West Indies]].
* [[Inuit]], their homeland spans across ((convert|4000|mi|km)) of northernmost reaches of North America along the Arctic Ocean. About 800,000 Arctic peoples (a.k.a. "[[Eskimo]]s", a term that includes non-Inuit Arctic peoples such as [[Aleut]]s and [[Yupik peoples|Yupik]] peoples) live in four countries: The U.S. ([[Alaska]], though most [[Alaska Natives]] are not Inuit), Canada ([[Nunavut]] is a territorial government established in 1999, [[Inuvialuit Settlement Region|Inuvialuit]] in the [[Northwest Territories]], [[Nunavik]] in [[Quebec]], [[Nunatsiavut]] and [[NunatuKavut]] in [[Labrador]]), [[Greenland]] (the "Greenlandic" people, the majority are of Inuit and [[Danish people|Danish]]-European ancestry), self-ruling territory of Denmark, and about 3,000 [[Siberian Yupik]] (closely related to the [[Alutiiq]] and [[Yup'ik]] of Alaska) in the Chukchi Peninsula, Russia facing the Bering Strait.
* [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian Diaspora]]: They are broadly divided into two groups i.e. NRIs (Indian citizens not residing in India) and PIOs (Persons of Indian Origin who have acquired the citizenship of some other country).<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.indiandiaspora.nic.in/ |title=The Indian Diaspora |publisher=The Indian Diaspora |access-date=2016-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815081659/http://www.indiandiaspora.nic.in/ |archive-date=2010-08-15 |url-status=dead ))</ref> Major populations exist in [[Mauritius]] (where they form the majority), [[Guyana]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Suriname]], [[Fiji]], [[Malaysia]], [[South Africa]], [[Nepal]] and [[Réunion]], primarily from 19th century indentured workers. Recent immigration to Canada, [[United Arab Emirates]], United Kingdom and the United States (see [[Desi]], a nickname for [[Indian Americans]]).
* [[Indochina|Indochinese]] diaspora – includes the refugees from the numerous wars that took place in [[Southeast Asia]], such as World War II and the [[Vietnam War]].
** The [[Viet Kieu|Vietnamese diaspora]] – fled communist rule in [[Vietnam]] following their victory in the [[Vietnam War]] (see [[South Vietnam]]) went to the United States (see [[Vietnamese American]]s), the migration peaked in the 1980s and 1990s (esp. the largest [[Vietnamese Americans|Vietnamese-American]] communities in [[California]], [[Texas]], and [[Philadelphia]]). The Vietnamese also went to Canada, France (and overseas territories), Germany (also the Vietnamese guest workers in the former Communist [[East Germany]]), Italy, the Middle East, Australia, and other Asian countries (most went to Hong Kong, when it was a [[British Hong Kong|British colony]], before the handover to the [[China|People's Republic of China]] in 1997, and [[Macau]], which was under [[Portuguese Macau|Portuguese rule]] until the handover to the People's Republic of China in 1999).
** The wave of [[Hmong people|Hmong]] tribes from [[Laos]], [[Laotians]], [[Cambodia]]ns and [[Thai people|Thai]] refugees and economic immigrants (Vietnamese who arrived since 1990) arrived in North America (i.e. the United States and Canada), Europe (esp. France), across Asia (most went to [[Thailand]]), [[Oceania]] (Australia) and South America (concentrated in [[French Guiana]]).
** Some millions of Indochinese were of [[Overseas Chinese|ethnic Chinese]] descent, the majority of Chinese/Sino-Vietnamese from [[Vietnam]], Chinese-Cambodians of [[Cambodia]] and Thai-Chinese of [[Thailand]] had emigrated in the late 20th century.
* [[Overseas Indonesian|Indonesian diaspora]] – refers to any ethnic in [[Indonesia]] living outside of their homeland, the majority of Indonesian expatriates live in [[Malaysia]], the US, Japan, the [[U.A.E.]], Australia, and the Netherlands, esp. [[Maluku Islands|South Moluccans]], a predominantly [[Christians|Christian]] ethnic group found asylum and religious freedom by the thousands in the Netherlands since the 1950s.
** [[Overseas Acehnese|Acehnese diaspora]] – From the [[Aceh]] state in [[Sumatra]].
** [[Overseas Malays|Malays diaspora]] – From neighboring [[Malaysia]] ([[East Malaysia|East]] and [[Peninsular Malaysia|West]]).
** [[Overseas Minangkabau|Minangkabau diaspora]] – two out of three Minangkabau people live in diaspora. [[Matrilineal]] system indirectly caused the diaspora in Minangkabau community. Nowadays, over a million Minangkabau people living outside of [[Indonesia]], mainly in [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]], but they recently joined the Indonesian emigration to Australia, China, Europe, Japan, [[South Korea]], [[Taiwan]] and the [[Philippines]].
** [[Javanese people|Javanese]] diaspora – occurred in the [[Dutch colonial]] era. Vast numbers of Javanese send to other Dutch colonies as [[Coolie|coulies]]. Most of them were sent to [[Suriname]], [[New Caledonia]], and [[State of East Sumatra|East Sumatra]], as well in the late 20th century the Javanese were introduced to the island of [[New Guinea]] by [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian government]] endorsed settlement programs in  [[Papua (province)|Papua]] and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]] provinces. Others live in [[Malaysia]], Europe, North America, the Middle East, [[South Africa]] and Australia.
** [[Indo people|Indo]] diaspora – During and after the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], which followed the World War II, (1945–1965) around 300.000 people, pre-dominantly [[Indo people|Indos]], left [[Indonesia]] to go to the Netherlands. This migration was called repatriation. The majority of this group had never set foot in the Netherlands before.
* [[Iranian diaspora]] (see [[Persian diaspora]]).
* [[Iraqi diaspora]] – [[Refugees of Iraq|Refugees from Iraq]] have increased in number since the [[2003 invasion|US-led invasion]] into Iraq in March 2003. As of November 4, 2006, the [[UNHCR]] estimated that 1.8 million [[Iraqis]] had been displaced to neighboring countries, with nearly 100,000 Iraqis fleeing to [[Syria]] and [[Jordan]] each month. There are over 200,000 Iraqi refugees said to reside in [[Egypt]] and 100,000 more in the [[Persian Gulf]] states. The main destinations for Iraqi immigration in the 2000s (decade) are the UK, Sweden, Germany, Canada, Australia and South America (i.e. Brazil). However, there is a large Iraqi community in the United States (see [[Arab American]] and [[Iraqi American]]) and some of the community in the US arrived as early as the 1900s-10s.((citation needed|date=August 2018))
* [[Irish diaspora]] – consists of Irish emigrants and their descendants especially in countries such as the United States (see [[Irish Americans]]), the United Kingdom (see [[Irish migration to Great Britain]] and [[Irish-Scottish people|Irish-Scots]], not to be confused with [[Ulster Scots dialect|Ulster-Scots]] aka [[Scots-Irish Americans|Scots-Irish]]), Canada (see [[Irish Canadians]], [[Irish Quebecers]], [[Irish Newfoundlanders]]), Australia (see [[Irish Australians]]), New Zealand (see [[Irish New Zealanders]]), and Argentina (see [[Irish Argentine]]), where vibrant Irish communities continue to exist. To a lesser extent, Irish people also immigrated to Chile (see [[Irish Chilean]]), Brazil (see [[Irish Brazilians]]), Uruguay (see [[Irish Uruguayan]]), Mexico (see [[Irish immigration to Mexico]]), South Africa (see [[Irish South African]]), and nations of the Caribbean (see [[Irish immigration to Barbados]], [[Irish people in Jamaica]], [[Irish immigration to Puerto Rico]], [[Irish immigration to Saint Kitts and Nevis]]) and continental Europe (see [[Irish people in mainland Europe]]). The diaspora contains over 80 million people and it is the result of mass migration from Ireland, due to past famines (especially the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]]), poverty, and political oppression. The term first came widely into use in Ireland in the 1990s when the then-[[President of Ireland]], [[Mary Robinson]] began using it to describe all those of Irish descent. Notable people of the global Irish diaspora are United States president [[John F. Kennedy]] (Roman Catholic), United States president Ronald Reagan (partially, not Catholic), United States president [[Joe Biden]], and [[Chile]]an liberator [[Bernardo O'Higgins]].
* [[Italian diaspora]] – occurred mainly between the 1890s and 1930s due to the economic crises and poverty in Italy, with emigrant numbers reaching into the tens of million. Vast numbers of mostly [[Southern Italy|Southern Italians]] immigrated to the United States (see [[Italian Americans]] and [[Sicilian Americans]]) and Canada (see [[Italian Canadians]], [[Italian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area]], [[Italians in Montreal]]) during this period, though immigration to North America (especially Canada) also picked up after World War II, most notably from the 1950s to 1970s.
** Italian immigrants to North America, the majority of which came from Southern Italy, settled mainly in the [[Northeastern United States]] and various industrial cities in the [[Midwestern United States]], such as [[Chicago]], though significant but smaller communities evolved in cities such as [[New Orleans]], [[San Diego]], and San Francisco (with most Italians on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] coming from [[Northern Italy]].) In many of these American cities, Italian immigrants and their offspring established Italian ethnic communities known as "[[Little Italy|Little Italies]]." In most cases, these Italian communities generally began as impoverished neighborhoods, or effectively "[[ghetto]]s" for Italian immigrants. (See [[Little Italy]], [[List of Italian-American neighborhoods]], [[Template:Italian Americans by location]]). In the United States and Canada, both historically [[Protestant]] countries with majority populations of people of [[Northwestern Europe]]an descent, Italian immigrants experienced fierce and often violent [[anti-Italianism]] and discrimination, especially prior to the 1960s.
** Italians also immigrated in vast numbers to South America, mainly to Brazil (see [[Italian Brazilian]]), [[Argentina]] (an estimated one-third to half of Argentines are of Italian descent, with some higher estimates putting Italian Argentines at 60% of the population<ref name=LaMatanza>((cite web|title=Historias de inmigrantes italianos en Argentina|url=http://infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar/noticia.php?titulo=historias_de_inmigrantes_italianos_en_argentina&id=1432#.U2cKkYHa70s|date=14 November 2011|author=Departamento de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la National University of La Matanza|publisher=infouniversidades.siu.edu.ar|language=es|quote=Se estima que en la actualidad, el 90% de la población argentina tiene alguna ascendencia europea y que al menos 25 millones están relacionados con algún inmigrante de Italia.))</ref> (see also [[Italian Argentine]]), [[Uruguay]] (Italian Uruguayans constitute an estimated 40% of the population of Uruguay. See [[Italian Uruguayan]]s), [[Chile]] (see [[Italian Chilean]]), [[Venezuela]] (see [[Italo-Venezuelans]]), and [[Paraguay]] (30% of the population of Paraguay, see [[Italians in Paraguay]]), although Italians also arrived in notable numbers elsewhere in Latin America (i.e. [[Colombia]] ([[Italian Colombian]]s), Mexico ([[Italian-Mexican]]s), [[Panama]], [[Puerto Rico]] (see [[Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico]]), [[Costa Rica]] ([[Italian Costa Ricans]]), [[Cuba]] ([[Italian Cuban]]s), [[Peru]] ([[Italian Peruvian]]s), [[Guatemala]] ([[Italian Guatemalans]]), and [[Haiti]] ([[Italian Haitians]]). In contrast to the Italian immigrants to North America, a slight but significant majority of Italian immigrants to South America were [[Northern Italy|Northern Italians]] from [[Veneto]] and other depressed Northern Italian areas, though Southern Italians from areas such as [[Sicily]], [[Campania]], and [[Calabria]] still constituted a significant percentage of Italian immigrants to South America, and later Italian immigration to South America from World War II to the 2000s has consisted mostly of Southern Italians.
** Though Italians began immigrating to Australia in small but significant numbers since the early 20th Century, the biggest wave of Italian immigration to Australia occurred after World War II and in the later part of the 20th century, with most Italian immigrants to Australia being Southern Italians (see [[Italian Australian]]s and [[Italian community of Melbourne]]).
** Many Italians also immigrated north to other European countries offering better economic prospects. Italian immigration to France began in large numbers after World War I at a time when France needed a large workforce to compensate for the war losses and its very low birthrate. Initially, Italian immigration to modern France (late 18th to the early 20th century) came predominantly from northern Italy ([[Piedmont]], [[Veneto]]), then from central Italy ([[Marche]], [[Umbria]]), mostly to the bordering southeastern region of [[Provence]]. It wasn't until after World War II that large numbers of immigrants from [[southern Italy]] immigrated to France, usually settling in industrialized areas of France, such as [[Lorraine (region)|Lorraine]], Paris and [[Lyon]]. (See [[Italians in France]]). Italian immigration to the United Kingdom became notable around the time of World War I and picked up in intensity for a period after World War II before slowing in the 1960s. (See: [[Italians in the United Kingdom]], [[Italian Scots]], [[Italian Welsh]]). With Germany's post-World War II economic boom, a large wave of immigrants from Italy settled in Germany. Since the establishment of [[freedom of movement for workers]] between the two countries in 1961, more than 580,000 Italians also migrated to Germany for work, mainly from southern and northeastern Italy. (See [[Italians in Germany]]). Italians also notably immigrated in large numbers in search of economic opportunities in Switzerland after World War II. In 1970, there were around a million immigrants in Switzerland, 54% of whom were Italians.<ref name="che">((in lang|it)) [http://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/index.html?siteSect=105&sid=4885000 La lunga storia dell'immigrazione in Svizzera] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129165413/https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/index.html?siteSect=105&sid=4885000 |date=2021-11-29 ))</ref> Rising friction with the indigenous majority even led to the creation of an "anti-Italian party" in 1963, with anti-Italian sentiment leading to the 1971 murder of Italian migrant worker Alfredo Zardini by an anti-Italian xenophobe in Switzerland.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.ideesuisse.ch/256.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=674&tx_ttnews%5Blist%5D=679%2C494%2C674%2C233%2C378&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=110 |title=SRG SSR Timeline: Fondation d'un "parti anti-Italiens" à Zurich |access-date=2015-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706234135/http://www.ideesuisse.ch/256.0.html?&no_cache=1&L=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=674&tx_ttnews%5Blist%5D=679,494,674,233,378&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=110 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead ))</ref> (See [[Italian immigration to Switzerland]]). Italians also immigrated in significant numbers to [[Malta]], the Netherlands, and Sweden (See [[Swedish Italians]]), while smaller numbers of Italians went to South Africa (see [[Italian South African]]) and [[Israel]] ([[Italian Jews]]). Italians have also established historical communities in [[Lebanon]] (see [[Italian Lebanese]]).
** Small Italian expatriate communities once thrived until the mid-20th century in Africa and the Middle East ([[Algeria]], [[Egypt]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Libya]], [[Morocco]], [[Syria]], [[Tunisia]] and Turkey).
** [[Istrian–Dalmatian exodus]]- Another diaspora came after the end of World War II, with 350,000 ethnic [[Italians]] ([[Istrian Italians]] and [[Dalmatian Italians]]) leaving their homeland on the eastern front after the capture of [[Istria]] and [[Dalmatia]] by the Yugoslavs. Most of them were relocated in Italy itself; a lower percentage flew overseas (the racer [[Mario Andretti]] for example).
** [[Niçard exodus]]- It was one of the first emigration phenomena that involved the [[Italians|Italian populations]] in the [[Contemporary history|contemporary age]]. It was due to the [[Protest emigration|refusal]] of a quarter of the [[Niçard Italians]] to stay in [[Nice]] after its annexation to [[France]] in 1861, which was decided after the [[Plombières Agreement]].<ref>[http://www.comune.torino.it/cittagora/article_10165.shtml Claudio Raffaelli: "Quelli che non vollero diventare francesi"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101003436/http://www.comune.torino.it/cittagora/article_10165.shtml |date=1º gennaio 2012 ))</ref>
** ''See also'': [[Template:Italian diaspora]], [[Calabrian diaspora]], [[Sicily]], [[Sicilians]], [[Sicilian American]] and [[Italians in New York City]].
** ''Related'': [[Maltese people#Maltese emigration and expatriation|Maltese people]], [[Maltese Americans]], [[Maltese Australians]], [[Maltese people in the United Kingdom]], Maltese in Belgium; [[Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom]]; [[Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico]], [[Corsican immigration to Venezuela]], and [[Corsican American]] ([[Corsicans]], [[Maltese people]], and, to a much lesser extent, [[Gibraltarians]] share an ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and historical connection to Italy and immigrated abroad in large numbers at a similar time as the Southern Italians in early 20th century.) and [[Waldensians]] – a church with origins in Northern Italy.

==J==
* [[Jassic people|Jassic]] (or Yassic) people, a small ethnic group of peoples that resided in enclaves in Hungary, [[Romania]], throughout Russia and [[Ukraine]]. The Jassic are ethnologically related to the [[Ossetians]] of the [[Northern Caucasus]] range, along with other [[Iranian peoples]] in their linguistic similarities between the [[Iranian language]]. Their ancestral origin may have been of [[North Caucasian peoples|North Caucasian]] origins, perhaps mixed with peoples from [[Persia]] or [[Iran]], and more precisely, the steppes of [[Central Asia]] about 3,000 years ago when migratory patterns of speakers of [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and later [[Uralic languages]] arrived in Eastern Europe. The Jassic people are minuscule in number, dwindled down by each generation, and they were assimilated into the [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] population and [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] majorities they lived among with. Yassic people are thought to forefathered [[Georgians]] and ancient peoples of the Middle East such as the [[Kassites]] whom later became [[Sumer]]ians, Akkadians or Babylonians in ancient [[Mesopotamia]] of present-day [[Iraq]]. ((Citation needed|date=November 2011))
* [[Jaffnese/Ceylonese Diaspora]] – refers to the diaspora of Sri Lankan Tamils, especially those post-1983 due to the civil conflict in Sri Lanka. This has created huge Tamil communities in countries such as Canada, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany and other European countries. In many ways, the Jaffnese Diaspora is compared to the Jewish Diaspora, both historically, socially and economically. It is a subset of the greater [[Tamil Diaspora]].
* [[Jamaican diaspora]] – An estimated 3 million Jamaicans live outside the island country of [[Jamaica]], an English-speaking majority African descendant country in the Caribbean. The main destinations for Jamaican immigration in the 20th century are the U.S., Great Britain and Canada. But, Jamaican immigration across the Caribbean, to Latin America, Australia and New Zealand, and even Africa are well noted. Jamaicans living aboard, such as [[Bob Marley]] introduced the music form of [[reggae]] to the international music market in the 1970s. ((Citation needed|date=February 2009))
* [[Japanese diaspora]] – Brazil (see [[Japanese Brazilian]]), the United States (see [[Japanese Americans]]), Canada (See [[Japanese Canadian]]) and the Philippines (see [[Japanese settlement in the Philippines|Japanese Filipinos]]), as well sizable communities in [[Peru]] (see [[Japanese Peruvian]]), Argentina (see [[Asian Argentine]]), [[Chile]] and [[Ecuador]], and smaller numbers of Japanese in Australia, New Zealand, [[Cuba]], Venezuela and Mexico are the countries with the highest numbers of Japanese people outside Japan. The largest community of ethnic Japanese is in [[Hawaii]] where they make up a quarter of the state's population. However, there are smaller Japanese communities around the world that developed in the late 20th century such as throughout western Europe (esp. the Japanese expatriate colony in [[Düsseldorf]], Germany), eastern Russia and [[South Africa]]. The Japanese population used to have nicknames to indicate generational levels: "Issei"-foreign born parents, next is "Nisei"-1st generation born outside Japan or children, and "Sansei"-2nd generation born outside Japan or grandchildren.
* [[Jerez diaspora]] – People from the Spanish town of Jerez who live elsewhere. There is a committee that grants an honorary membership each year to the most relevant "jerezano"that lives outside Jerez and brings the name to the world. The president of the Diaspora de Jerez is Miguel Primo de Rivera. The committee has 6 members and votes are in two rounds.
* [[Jewish diaspora]] – in its historical use, refers to the period between the Roman [[Military occupation|occupation]] and subsequent deportation of Jews from [[Judea (Roman province)|Judea]] from 70 CE to the Middle Ages, to the re-establishment of [[Israel]] in 1948. In modern use, the 'Diaspora' refers to ethnic Jews who continue to live outside of Israel.
** [[Ashkenazi Jews]] – large numbers of Jews were exiled or taken as slaves to Rome following the failed Jewish revolts against the Roman occupation. It is postulated by most scholars and geneticists that these Jews eventually migrated northward in the 8th century, settling alone the Rhine river, and were later joined by Jewish merchants and exiles from Israel in the 7th-8th centuries CE. Increased persecution pushed them into Eastern Europe, where they largely remained until the Zionist movement and/or World War II. Currently, North America (the USA has the world's second largest [[American Jews|Jewish]] community) and western Europe are home to the vast majority of diaspora Jews.
** [[Sephardi Jews]] – Unlike the Ashkenazim, who moved to the north, Sephardim moved westward and settled in what is now Spain and Portugal. In 1492, Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain expelled all Jews and Moors from their territory. The Sephardi Jews, as they were known, resettled across Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, whereas others went to Germany, Poland, and the Netherlands (where they merged with their [[Ashkenazi]] co-ethnics). Likewise, some went to Britain, North and South America, and other colonies of the British and Spanish empires by the late 16th century.
** [[Mizrahi Jews]]: Nazi incitement in Arabia and Arab colonized lands throughout the rest of the MENA region, compounded by the [[State of Israel|re-establishment of Israel in 1948]] resulted in an Arab axis aggression against both the newly reborn Jewish state and the Jewish communities in their midst. After the resulting [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], about 700,000 Jews residing in other parts of the Middle East were expelled or fled from their countries of residence, and were subsequently dispossessed of nearly all of their property. The majority of these [[Jewish refugees]] made aliyah to Israel, or immigrated to France and the United States. By the [[Yom Kippur War]] of 1973, most of the Jewish communities throughout the Arab World, as well as Pakistan and Afghanistan, were practically non-existent. A total of 800,000–1,000,000 diaspora Jews left or fled from their homes in the Arab world, or were driven out in the [[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries|Jewish exodus]] (1948–1972). As of today, less than 4,500 Jews live in the Arab world.<ref name="BennyMorris">Morris, Benny: ''Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001'', [[Vintage Books]], ((ISBN|978-0-679-74475-7)), 2001, chap. VI.</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4068854,00.htm |title=How Arabs stole Jewish property |publisher=Ynet |access-date=2011-07-27 ))</ref><ref name="Schwartz">((cite news|url=http://www.adi-schwartz.com/israeli-arab-conflict/all-i-wanted-was-justice/|title=All I Wanted was Justice|last=Schwartz|first=Adi|date=January 4, 2008|work=[[Haaretz]]|access-date=May 19, 2014|archive-date=March 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320053204/http://www.adi-schwartz.com/israeli-arab-conflict/all-i-wanted-was-justice/|url-status=dead))</ref><ref name=Shulewitz>Malka Hillel Shulewitz, ''The Forgotten Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands'', Continuum 2001, pp. 139 and 155.</ref><ref name=Aharoni>Ada Aharoni [http://www.hsje.org/forcedmigration.htm "The Forced Migration of Jews from Arab Countries] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213230126/http://www.hsje.org/forcedmigration.htm |date=2012-02-13 )), Historical Society of Jews from Egypt website. Accessed February 1, 2009.</ref>
** [[American Jews]] – currently the United States has the world's largest Jewish population outside [[Israel]] itself. Between 5.5 and 7.5 million observant Jews, and 1–2.5 million more of Jewish descent in the USA. New York City has 1.5-2 million out of 8-8.5 million people who are Jewish, while other demographers place Jews 10-15% of the NYC population. See [[Jews in New York City]].<ref>((cite web|last=Morris |first=Tanisia |url=https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham-category/faculty-reads/tracing-history-jewish-immigrants-impact-new-york-city/ |title=Tracing the History of Jewish Immigrants and Their Impact on New York City |publisher=News.fordham.edu |date=2017-12-12 |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
** [[Haredi]] or Ultra-Orthodox Jews are a small percentage community of practicing in Judaism, the largest known Haredi/Hasidim community is in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], New York City of the Satmar and Lubavitch groups who originated in Hungary or Romania arrived in the US after WW2 when they experienced the Holocaust.

==K==
* [[Kaszubian diaspora]] – the [[Kashubians|Kaszubians]] are a Slavic, Roman Catholic people who have lived and maintained their language and unique traditions for centuries despite living on the boundary between the Germanic and Polish cultures. Between 1850 and 1900, many Kaszubians moved to North America, to Brazil, and to Australia and New Zealand.
* [[Khmer people]] – The main ethnic group of [[Cambodia]] have historically emigrated in the 18th, 19th and esp. 20th centuries. The largest Cambodian communities are in the US, Canada, France, Thailand, Vietnam, China (with Hong Kong), Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain and Arabia (i.e. the U.A.E). ((Citation needed|date=January 2010))
* [[Korean diaspora]] – a people from the Korean peninsula located between China and Japan. The first wave of Korean diaspora was during the Japanese colonial occupation (1910–1945), the peace treaty division of the [[Korean peninsula]] into two republics, the [[Korean War]] (1950–53) produced a wave of millions of war refugees who fled to the United States, Canada, China, Japan, the [[Philippines]], [[South Vietnam]] until 1975, and the [[USSR]], now Russia. Today, Korea remains a politically divided geographic unit. [[South Korea]] was under military rule 1953–1987, now a civilian [[democracy]], but economic problems and a sense for adventure made over 500,000 South Koreans emigrate to the United States and Canada, and 100,000 more to Europe, Australia and South America (i.e. Brazil and [[Argentina]]). [[North Korea]] remains under an isolationist military state under [[Communism]] since 1948, while millions of political refugees fled to nearby China for freedom in the late 20th century. See also [[Jilin]] or "Kirin", a Chinese province with millions of native Koreans. And [[Koryo-Saram]] for ethnic Koreans in Russia, the majority live along the Amur River which is the Chinese-Russian border. 
* [[Kosovan diaspora]] – Ethnic [[Albanian people|Albanian]] peoples from [[Kosovo]] in the former [[Yugoslavia]] and [[Serbia]] in the 1990s.
* [[Kurdish diaspora]] – Kurdish diaspora is the Kurdish populations found in regions outside their ancestral homeland [[Kurdistan]]. The United Nations declared the Kurds the largest ethnic nationality (over 40 million) without a country in the world.((citation needed|date=September 2011))

==L==
* [[Latvians|Latvian diaspora]] – the majority of Latvians whom left Latvia in World War II reside in North America (the US and Canada), across Europe mainly in Eastern countries and the former USSR with just as many in [[Western Europe]] and [[Scandinavia]]n nations, and the rest in former Latvian lands in the Baltic states (Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Belarus). The most [[Russification|Russified]] of the three Baltic states, Latvia struggles with the issue of national identity after one million ethnic Russians and other Russian speaking people settled there since 1940. Currently in 2018, only 1/4 of Latvia's population (joined the [[European Union]] in 2004) are ethnic Russians.
** [[Latgalians (modern)|Latgalians]], a predominantly Catholic people in eastern Latvia in the region of [[Latgale]] and have a close history with Lithuania, due to differences in church denomination between them and Latvians who are a majority [[Lutheran]] along with Estonians not ethnically related to Latvians and Lithuanians.
* [[Lebanese diaspora]] – An estimated 15-16 million Lebanese live worldwide. Over half of the country's population are of Muslim faith and the rest are Christians, but in the world Christians Lebanese outnumber Muslims by 3:1. Lebanese are found in over 150 countries, the largest known Lebanese community is in Brazil, the U.S. followed by Canada; and Australia, where Lebanese immigration has occurred in large numbers since the 1975–1990 civil war. Although there are millions of Lebanese descendants in Europe, and the Middle East, the Lebanese are also present in much of the continental span of Africa and Latin America. ((citation needed|date=September 2011))
* [[Lithuanian diaspora]] – the majority of post-World War II Lithuanians live in North America (Canada and the United States) and across Europe (France, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Sweden, Netherlands and England), but are scattered across Russia and the former [[USSR]], and smaller numbers in Mexico and Brazil. The Lithuanians and their ethnological kin, the [[Latvians]] may be the oldest [[Indo-European language|Indo-European]] speaking peoples known and may resided in the Baltic states for 5,000 years. Between 1880 and 1910, over 40,000 Lithuanian Jews immigrated to South Africa to avoid persecution. To date around 80% of the 75,000 Jews in South Africa (around 60,000) are of Lithuanian descent.<ref>[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/South_Africa.html www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org]</ref>
** [[Litvins]] in northern [[Belarus]] and westernmost Russia of ethnic Lithuanian and Baltic origin. ((citation needed|date=December 2011))
* [[Lusatian Sorbs]], Sorbians or just Sorbs, their native homeland is in the Cottbus region of the state of [[Saxony]] of Germany, they also live in nearby Poland and the [[Czech Republic]]. They are the only surviving native Slavic people in Germany, once they covered the entire eastern half of the country until total German settlement and cultural absorption of them to be Germanized by the early 19th century. They have cultural links with Serbs via [[Serbia]] who settled parts of Austria and Hungary (The [[Rust, Austria|Rust]] area facing a lake), see also [[Czechs in Austria]], [[Carinthian Slovenes]], [[Burgenland Croats]], [[Bosnian Austrians]] and [[White Croats]] in Poland.

==M==
* [[Macedonian diaspora]] – formed from [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian]] refugees and economic migrants from [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]], to the United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, Sweden, New Zealand, [[South Africa]], [[Argentina]], Italy, Greece, and many other [[European Union]] states. There are approximately 2,500,000 [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] worldwide, with more than a third living outside [[North Macedonia]].
* [[Maghreb]]i diaspora – consists of people from the North African countries, notably [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]] and [[Tunisia]]. The largest Maghrebi community outside of North Africa is in France, where it is estimated that North Africans make up the majority of the country's [[Islam|Muslim]] population. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4405790.stm]
** [[Algeria]]n-French residents make up an estimated 5 to 8 percent of the ethnic makeup of France's population, despite the French government does not keep data records on race and ethnicity. Algerians resided in France for over 150 years as a result of the French colonial period in Algeria from 1830 to 1962, when the seven-year [[Algerian War]] brought independence. The largest North African French communities are in (and surrounding) [[Marseille]], Paris, [[Lille]], [[Nice, France|Nice]] and [[Lyon, France|Lyon]]. A growing community in Canada and the UK came to light during the 1990s and the [[Algerian Civil War]].
** Non-Arab North Africans like [[Berbers]] ([[Amazighs]]) and [[Kabyle people|Kabyles]] live in diaspora in [[Western Europe]], esp. France.
** [[Moroccan diaspora|Moroccans]] are found throughout the world, mainly in Europe (i.e. the largest being in France, followed by Spain, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Luxembourg) developed by Moroccan immigration since the 1950s, especially Western Europe and the Arab World (a large [[Moroccan Jews|Jewish]] colony in [[Israel]]). Of the estimated 5.6 million Moroccans living abroad, 5.1 million live in Europe; the remainder are distributed throughout the Americas (including North America – mainly in [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada; and Latin America), Australia, Africa (in particular West Africa), and the countries of the Arab World. Some cities with a big Moroccan community are Paris, Lille, Roubaix, Marseille and Nice (every French city has a Moroccan community); Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga in Spain; Brussels, Antwerp and Liege in Belgium; Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands; and Luxembourg. Half of the Moroccans living in Belgium (630,000), reside in its capital Brussels and a quarter in Antwerp, see [[Moroccans in Belgium]].
** [[Tunisian people|Tunisians]] in Europe, the largest number of Tunisian expats live in France and Italy (former colonial rulers), [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], Turkey and throughout the European Union.
* [[Maltese people|Maltese]] diaspora: established mainly in the [[Maltese in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], [[Maltese Australian|Australia]], Canada ([[Maltese Canadian]]) and the U.S. ([[Maltese American]]), as well throughout Europe and the Americas. Large communities existed in Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt but were mostly dispersed by the mid-20th century when these countries acquired independence. Since Malta's membership of the EU in 2004, new communities were established such as the one in Belgium.
* [[Mexican Americans]] ([[Mexicans abroad|Mexican diaspora]])- over 20 million people of Mexican ancestry live in the United States, ranging from recent immigrants since the 1970s to long-established Americans of [[Spanish American|Spanish]] or Mexican descent. The majority of Mexican Americans live especially in the [[Southwest United States|American Southwest]], which borders with Mexico, an area that belonged to Mexico from 1821 to 1848. They were fundamental to development in the states of [[California]], [[Texas]], [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]] in the 20th century. Los Angeles is said to be the second largest Mexican city (home to 1 to 2 million alone- 31% of the city and 20% of the L.A. county population in 2015), while the populace of [[San Antonio]] is over half of Mexican descent. Also known by other ethnic self-titles, like ''[[Californios]]'', ''[[Chicanos]]'', ''Hispanos'', ''[[La Raza]]'', ''[[Nortenos]]'' in Northern California, ''[[Nuevomexicanos]]'' and ''[[Tejanos]]'', however are officially called [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics and Latinos]] in terms of ethnic/cultural origins, but Mexican Americans had a large ''[[mestizo]]'' or mixed European/[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] heritage.
* [[Moldovan diaspora]] – A [[Romania]]n province was divided many times in its history, they are of ethnically Romanian origin. A diaspora indicating most of the [[Moldovans]] who have moved out of [[Moldova]]. Most found their homes in the Soviet Union and the [[Baltic states|Baltics]]. There is also a diaspora in Western European countries such as Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, France and the Netherlands.
* [[Moluccan diaspora]] – Begins in the 1950s as the result of the end of its occupation over Dutch Indies, the Netherlands government decided to transport around 12,000 Moluccan KNIL (The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army) the remaining men and their families to Europe. They were discharged on arrival and 'temporarily' housed in camps until it was possible for them to return to the Moluccan islands. Although The South Moluccan Republic has been declared on 25 April 1950, this movement was defeated by Indonesian government and the rest of RMS (Republik Maluku Selatan) followers leave their homeland and formatting a [[Government in Exile]] in the Netherlands since 1966. Nowadays, at least 200,000 Moluccan living side by side with Dutch people and becoming the biggest ethnic groups outside native Dutch in The Netherlands. The second wave happened during the civil war in Maluku 1999 to 2003, causing over 800,000 left the country. Most of the refugees moved to United States (mainly concentrated in [[Maryland]], [[Florida]], [[California]] and [[New York (state)|New York]]), Netherlands, France, [[Israel]] (mostly by Moluccan [[Jewish]]), Italy, Denmark, United Kingdom, Russia (mainly in [[St. Petersburg]]), Australia, Brazil, Portugal and Austria. After prosecuted, scattered, and finally settle down among the nations, latest statistics reporting the number of Moluccan in diaspora including their descendants (make up to 1.4 million) is a bit smaller than those who are staying in Indonesia (nearly 2.5 million).
* [[Moravian Church]] – has a nickname "the Moravian Diaspora"((Citation needed|date=September 2007)) named from a religious, not ethnic' identity, having been founded in the province of [[Moravia]], now in the [[Czech Republic]]. During the 16th and 17th centuries, religious persecution drove the majority of church members to other countries, and by the late 18th and 19th centuries, the church had managed to grow, thrive and survive. There are hundreds of thousands of Moravian church members in small communities in Europe (the Netherlands), the Americas (the United States), Africa (South Africa), east Asia (South Korea), the Indian subcontinent (India), and Oceania (Australia). However, the vast majority of these would consider themselves natives of the country where they live – the nickname (presumably) being of only historic interest.
* [[Mormons]], a Christian religious group whose official name is [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], headquartered in [[Salt Lake City]], as well smaller other churches based on [[Mormonism]]. Just under 50 percent of all Mormons live in the United States, while about three-fourths of the population of Utah are Mormon and form large minorities in 8 to 10 other [[Western United States|Western U.S.]] states; and [[California]] is said to have the most LDS church members by population. ((citation needed|date=May 2012)) Mormonism began as a small following of Christians who followed the teachings of [[Joseph Smith]], founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] in the early 19th century. The following were often forced to migrate and lived in the states of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]] and [[Missouri]] by 1840. The Mormons were expelled by mob violence (Joseph Smith was killed) and persecution by neighbors in the 1840s and their new leader [[Brigham Young]] took the Mormons throughout the Great Plains and Rockies to settle the Salt Lake Valley, then a part of Mexico but soon to become part of the U.S., in 1847. Mormons play a fundamental role in the development of Utah and most other Western states, with Utah becoming a state in 1896. Today, an estimated 13 million Mormons are found around the world, after missionary activity and conversion programs extended the L.D.S. and other Mormon-based churches worldwide, the largest concentrations of Mormons other than the U.S. are Mexico, Canada, South America, the South Pacific (esp. in [[Fiji]], [[Samoa]] and [[Tonga]]), [[Scandinavia]], Britain and East Asia, but the fastest growth in Mormonism in the late 20th century was in Africa, India and Eastern Europe. In [[Chile]], between 550 and 750,000 people out of the nation's 18.5 million are Mormon, and form a large community similar to [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] due to US American churches missionary work in Latin America.
* [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]], a diaspora of South Slavs in the country of [[Montenegro]] who had a 650-year tradition of independence and autonomy. They were a former republic of pre-1991 [[Yugoslavia]] and later a co-republic with [[Serbia]] until Montenegro declared independence in 2006. Over 1.3 million Montenegrins live in the Balkans, while half a million more are in [[Western Europe]], 600,000 live in the US and another 1 million around the world (i.e. Canada, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa and Australia).
* [[Muscogee (Creek)#Muscogee diaspora (1814)]], [[Muscogee#Muscogee Diaspora (today)]] Muscogee Diaspora, part of the [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation]] of [[Oklahoma]], US (see [[Urban Indians]]). The largest communities are [[Detroit]]; Los Angeles; [[Nashville, Tennessee]]; [[Oakland, California]]; and [[Tulsa]].

==N==
* The [[Navajo Nation]] or ''Na-Dene'', is said to cover not only the four-corner states of the Southwest US ([[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], [[Utah]] and [[Colorado]]), but the "Na-Dene Diaspora" stretches from Fort Sumner (New Mexico) to Fort Sumter (So. Carolina), to Bosque Rodendo (N.M.) to Redondo Beach ([[California]]), [[Tuba City]] in Arizona or Yuba City Cal. and as far north as [[Fort Yukon, Alaska]] to Yukon near [[Oklahoma City]] and Kansas City ([[Kansas]]), and as far south as [[Mexico City]]. The dispersal of several hundred Native American tribes in the 18th and 19th centuries, also by BIA relocation programs into urban areas in the mid-20th century has indeed produced more Navajo/Dene people to indicate the [[Long Walk of the Navajo|Long Walk]] in the 1860s when 20,000 Navajo was forcibly removed then returned to their homeland (the Navajo Indian Reservation) was the beginning of the Na-Dene diaspora. An estimated 160,000 Navajo/Dene people live in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]] and about 250,000 more live across the U.S. (est. 400,000 citizens in 2022) with Navajo communities developed in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]; [[Chicago]]; [[Dallas, Texas]]; [[Denver]]; [[Kansas City, Missouri]]; [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]; Los Angeles; Minneapolis/St. Paul, [[Minnesota]]; [[Omaha]], [[Nebraska]]; [[Phoenix, Arizona]]; and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. ((Citation needed|date=February 2010))
* [[New Caledonia]] [[Kanak people|Kanaks]] – a [[Melanesians|Melanesian]] people native to the overseas French territory brought to Australia and New Zealand, and across [[Polynesia]] (The French territory of [[Tahiti]]) as agricultural workers in newly founded plantations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Most Kanak laborers in Australia were deported back to New Caledonia in the 1910s due to racial fears of Kanaks live among the country's white European-descent majority. Today, an estimated 30,000 Australian descendants of Kanaks live in the state of [[Queensland]], where the main concentration of Australian plantation agriculture took place.
* [[Newfie]], a colloquial name for people from the Canadian province of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], originally for inhabitants of the Island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. The Newfie diaspora frequently emigrated to other provinces of Canada for employment opportunities in the tens of thousands since the 1920s, while some Newfoundlanders went to the US and the UK in a lesser extent. Newfoundland became Canada's 10th province in 1949, after 350 years of British rule.
* New York City relocatees to other US states like [[Florida]] and [[California]] number at one million. The world-famous major city, the US' largest (8-9 million people), is known for its local subculture (esp. [[Brooklyn]] and the [[Bronx]]). Similarly, [[Boston]]ians, [[Michigan]]ians<ref>((cite web|last=Silke |first=Sharon |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/economy/employment/2006-12-04-wyoming-job-seekers-michigan_x.htm |title=Wyoming wins over Michigan job seekers – USATODAY.com |publisher=Usatoday30.usatoday.com |date=2006-12-05 |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref> and Californians moved across the US and the world. ((citation needed|date=December 2017))
* [[Nigerian diaspora]], people from the country of [[Nigeria]], the most populous country in Africa. Over 5 million Nigerians live outside the country, as immigrants are known to live in the US (Large Nigerian communities in New York City and [[Houston, Texas]]), the UK, throughout the [[EU]] and [[South Africa]], among other nations. The Nigeria Diaspora is also one of the most organized Diasporas with an umbrella organization, Nigerians in Diaspora Organisation (NIDO America, NIDO Asia, NIDO Africa and NIDO Europe) represented with chapters in most countries and continents of the world. The organisation also have a Worldwide governing body NIDO Worldwide comprising stakeholders from the continental executives.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.usnigeria.org/what-nigerians-in-diaspora-really-want-in-the-nigeria-diaspora-commission/ |title=What Nigerians in Diaspora really want in the Nigeria Diaspora Commission – US-NIGERIA Trade Council USA |publisher=Usnigeria.org |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
** [[Yoruba people]].
** [[Igbo people]].
* [[Norwegian people]], the country of origin is Norway. Many Norwegians emigrated outward from there, while it was under [[Denmark|Danish]] (until 1814) and later [[Sweden|Swedish]] rule (until independence came in 1905). The largest group of Norwegians settled in North America (i.e. the US and Canada mainly in [[Manitoba]]) in the late 19th century, esp. in the states of [[Illinois]], [[Minnesota]], [[North Dakota]] and [[Wisconsin]]; and in the Pacific Northwest ([[Alaska]], [[Oregon]] and [[Washington state]]). See [[Norwegian American]]s and [[Norwegian Canadian]]s.

==O==
[[File:OK-districts-108.JPG|thumb|right|The Five congressional districts in Oklahoma. The Map shows districts 1 and 2 with parts of 3 4 and 5 are former [[Indian Territory]] from 1830 to 1907. The largest [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|American Indian]] tribal groups live there in the eastern half of the state, most notably the [[Cherokee]], [[Choctaw]] and [[Creek Indian]] Nations, whose populations mostly live outside of them.]]
* [[Okies]] from the U.S. state of [[Oklahoma]]. The state has a long history of settlement, emigration and mass dispersal of a subculture across the US and elsewhere in the world, due to economic conditions and conflicts with the U.S. government. Many happen to be [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] yet most of the population is [[White Americans|white]] and a sizable minority are [[African Americans|African American]]. Oklahoma was formerly reserved for Native Americans dislocated by white Euro-American settlement and the Indian Wars in the 19th century, mostly in the [[Great Plains]] of the United States and [[Western United States]] regions. See also [[List of people from Texas|Texans]] of [[Texas]], [[Florida cracker|Crackers]] of [[Florida]] and [[Southeastern United States]] where the main origin of Oklahomans came from.((citation needed|date=November 2011)) Includes [[Osage people]] – A Native American people who were originally from the Ohio Valley, they migrated into the Central Plains region in the 19th century and finally, Indian Territory (now [[Osage Nation]] the U.S. state of [[Oklahoma]], the majority live in [[Osage County, Oklahoma]]) with other Osages living across the United States.

==P==
* [[Pacific Islander Americans]] aka Pasifikas – largest concentrations who tend to be [[Native Hawaiian]]s and [[Samoan American|Samoans]] are in the states of [[Hawaii]] and [[California]], USA. Included are [[Indo-Fijians]] of Indian/South Asian descent from the island country of [[Fiji]].
* [[Pakistani diaspora|Pakistani Diaspora]] – People who are originally from Pakistan and have settled abroad. Are mainly economic migrants and settled mainly in the Middle East and Britain. The total population is approximately 7 million.
* [[Palestinian diaspora|Palestinian Diaspora]] – People who originally came from Palestine the majority of whom are made up of refugees from the 1948 [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab–Israeli War]] and the 1967 [[Six-Day War]]. It is estimated that more than 6 million Palestinians live in the global diaspora.
* [[Papua New Guinean diaspora]] - People who originally came from [[Papua New Guinea]] and are now based in other countries overseas like Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States of America. 
* [[Pashtun diaspora]] – People who can trace their paternal lineage to East Iranic speaking tribes that stem from a legendary figure named [[Qais Abdur Rashid]]. Pashtuns are defined by their tribal genealogies, Pakhto dialects and the practice of [[Pashtunwali]]. Many South Asian Muslim communities are Pashtuns that have assimilated into south Asian culture and will carry Pashtun lineage or ancestry. Pakhtun homeland is southern Afghanistan, historically called [[Arachosia]] by ancient Macedonians. Historically Afghan was an exonym for Pashtun people however this is an ongoing controversy.
* [[Thai Malays|Pattanian Diaspora]] or [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Malay Pattani]] – Pattania homeland is Southern Thailand border to Northern Malaysia. Under colonisation of Thailand from 1876 until today.
* [[Persian people|Persian]] Diaspora – (See [[Iranian diaspora]]) a.k.a. [[Iranian peoples|Iranians]] are a major community in Los Angeles, and [[California]] in the US, as the major number of Persians in Los Angeles are located in the community of [[Westwood, Los Angeles]] a.k.a. [[Little Persia]], and even the mayor of the nearby city of [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] is Persian (see [[Iranian American]]s). Other large Iranian communities exist throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe, the Middle East, east Asia and Australia, make up a total of 10 million belonged to the Persian/Iranian diaspora, the majority are political refugees who fled the overthrow of the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] regime in 1978 and Islamic Revolution of 1979. Persians can also refer to Tajiks of Afghanistan and Tajikistan that are defined by speaking the archaic "dari" Persian dialect. Many have Pashtun and other east-iranic admixture, as well as the Aimaq and Hazara communities of mixed Mongolic and Turkic ancestry that speak Persian.
* [[Peruvian people|Peruvian diaspora]] – People who originally came from [[Peru]]. The largest Peruvian communities are in the United States (see [[Peruvian American]]s), Canada, Argentine, Chile, Venezuela, Europe (i.e. Spain, Italy and France), Japan and Australia.
* [[Overseas Filipino|Pilipino diaspora]] (see [[Filipino diaspora]]).
* "[[Polish diaspora|Polonia]]" – the diaspora of the [[Polish people|Poles]] started with the emigrations after the [[partitions of Poland]], [[January Uprising]] and the [[November Uprising]], enlarged by the [[Nazism|Nazi]] policies, and later by the establishment of the [[Curzon line]]. Historic Poland extended into nearby countries: [[Belarus]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], Russia, [[Slovakia]] and [[Ukraine]]. For over 600 years, large waves of Polish [[Émigré]]s, refugees and guest workers moved across Europe, established themselves in Austria, Belgium, [[Croatia]], Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, [[Luxembourg]], the Netherlands, [[Serbia]], Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. 19th- and 20th-century Polish immigration extended into the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Israel and Australia, as well across the former [[USSR]]. After Poland joined the [[European Union|É.U.]] in 2004, about a million Poles went to find work in the E.U. member states, the largest destinations were the UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, France, Spain and Portugal. See also [[Polish Americans]] for the 9 million of Polish descent in the US, as well as [[Polish Brazilian]] for the 3.5 million Brazilians of Polish descent.
* The [[:Template:Portuguese diaspora|Portuguese diaspora]] – main countries were the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] live are in Europe: Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, [[Luxembourg]], Switzerland, [[Andorra]] and the UK. Former Portuguese African and Asian colonies ([[Angola]], [[Cape Verde]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], India, [[Macau]], [[Mozambique]], [[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Timor-Leste]]). Portuguese settled the country of Brazil in South America, but Portuguese colonies and communities in the western hemisphere: [[Argentina]], Canada, the Caribbean islands, [[Chile]], [[Guyana]], [[Hawaii]], Mexico, [[Panama]], [[Suriname]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Venezuela]] are well noted. See also [[Portuguese Americans]] for the diaspora in the United States.
* [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Rican diaspora]] – a mass migration of [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Ricans]] from the island territory of [[Puerto Rico]] to the United States mainland began during the first half of the 20th century and has become a subject often studied in colleges, because of Puerto Ricans who achieved success in the United States. The largest Puerto Rican communities in the mainland U.S. are in New York City (about 1 to 2 million in the New York City metro area), [[New Jersey]], [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Florida]], but other Puerto Ricans live in all 50 states including [[Hawaii]], and also a smaller community each in Canada, England and Spain in Europe. Some Puerto Ricans from New York call themselves ''[[Nuyoricans]].'' Puerto Ricans everywhere commonly refer to themselves as ''[[Boricua]]s'', referring to Borinquen, or Puerto Rico's name given by the Taínos before the arrival of the Spanish.

==Q==
* [[Quebec diaspora]] or [[French-speaking Quebecer|Québécois]] diaspora; the French name for French-speaking [[Canadians|Canadian]] residing in the province of [[Quebec]]. See also [[French-Canadian diaspora]]. Quebec is the only non-English speaking majority region of Anglo-America. ((Citation needed|date=September 2009))

==R==
* [[Rhodesian]] diaspora. [[Southern Rhodesia]] had the distinction amongst Britain's African colonies of being a self-governing [[Crown Colony]]. As a result, most Southern Rhodesians did not regard Great Britain as home but instead regarded [[Southern Rhodesia]] as home, though they did recognise cultural ties to Great Britain. During and following the [[Rhodesian Bush War|Bush War]] (1966–1979, during which period the former [[Southern Rhodesia]] was known as [[Rhodesia]]) more than half of Rhodesia's population of [[European ethnic groups|European]] descent emigrated mainly to Australia, New Zealand and Canada. For many [[South Africa]] was the first destination, where some have settled, but most of these migrants where transient and later reached further destinations. Others recognising their cultural ties to Great Britain emigrated there. This trend continued after [[Rhodesia]] became [[Zimbabwe-Rhodesia]] in June 1979 and increased when [[Zimbabwe-Rhodesia]] became [[Zimbabwe]] in March 1980 (following a brief 85-day period during which the land's name formally reverted to "Southern Rhodesia" for reasons of political expediency); it is estimated that the population of [[European ethnic groups|European]] descent decreased from a peak 275,000 in 1970, to 120,000 in 1999. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] citizens resident in the region joined in this migration and did not in all cases return to Great Britain, or in some cases did so only temporarily before moving on. Northern Rhodesians of [[European ethnic groups|European]] descent also emigrated to these same destinations, though their migration began earlier when [[Northern Rhodesia]] became [[Zambia]] in 1964 and was not the result of war but economic pressure. People of [[European ethnic groups|European]] descent also emigrated from [[Nyasaland]] after 1964 and followed the same routes as Northern Rhodesians, for the same reason. See: [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]].
* [[History of the Romani people|Romani Diaspora]] – originating in the [[Punjab region]] of India, the [[Romani people]] began a mass migration to Europe c. 1000. Romani also live in other continents around the world, including the United States. AKA "Gypsies", other names for them are ''Rom, Roma, Romany'', [[Romanichol]] and somewhat related or ethnically distinct groups like [[Ashkali]] or [[Balkan Egyptians]], [[Cagot]]s, [[Cigan]]s/Zigans, Gitans/[[Gitanos]], [[Kale]], [[Manouche]]s, [[Quinquin]]s, [[Shelta]], [[Sinti]], [[Tattare]]s/Taters, and Yeni/[[Yenish people|Yenish]].
* [[Romanians]] – who emigrated for the first time in larger figures between 1910 and 1925, and left in mass after the fall of communist regime in Romania in 1989, and comprise the [[Romanian diaspora]], are found today in large numbers in Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Belgium, the U.K., Ireland, China, Japan, Australia, the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela and Argentina. Today there are over 10 mil. people of Romanian descent outside the country.
* The [[Russian diaspora]] – The earliest significant wave of ethnic [[Russians|Russian]] emigration took place in the wake of the [[Old Believer]] schism in the 17th century. A sizable "wave" of ethnic [[Russians]] emigrated during a short time period in the wake of the [[October Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]], known collectively as the [[White emigres]]. A smaller group of [[Russians]] (often referred to by [[Russians]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.molokane.org/places/Mexico/ |title=Pryguny in Mexico, Baja California, Ensendada, Guadalupe |publisher=Molokane.org |access-date=2016-07-25))</ref> as the second emigration or second wave) had also left during World War II, many were refugees or eastern workers. During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] period, ethnic [[Russians]] migrated throughout the area of former [[Russian Empire]] and Soviet Union, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union found themselves living outside Russia.
** [[White emigre|White Russian diaspora]] – named for the [[Russians]] and [[Belarusians]] who left Russia (the [[USSR]] 1918–91) in the wake of the 1917 [[October Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]], seeking to preserve pre-Soviet Russian culture, the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian faith]], and includes exiled former [[Communist party]] members, such as [[Leon Trotsky]] found exile in Mexico but was assassinated in 1940. The millions of Russian émigré and refugees found live in North America (the U.S. and Canada), Latin America with a sect of ''Pryguny'' or ''Molokans'' settled in [[Guadalupe, Baja California|Guadalupe Valley]], [[Baja California]] in Mexico, even more went to Europe (The UK, Austria, Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Scandinavia, Switzerland and former Yugoslavia), some to east Asia (China and Japan), south Asia (India and [[Iran]]) and the Middle East ([[Egypt]] and Turkey).
* [[Ryukyuan people]] – Also known as Okinawans, an Asian people closely related to the Japanese in terms of culture and language, from the [[Ryukyu Islands]], politically part of Japan since 1879. Thousands emigrated to Japan, Hawaii, and various Pacific islands after the Japanese annexation to form the initial [[Ryukyuan diaspora]]. After World War II, the U.S. controlled the Ryukyu Islands from 1945 until their return to Japanese rule in 1972. Since then, tens of thousands of Okinawans settled in the U.S. and in the 1960s, there massive settlement programs of Okinawan farmers into Latin America, the majority in Brazil and [[Peru]], and some Ryukyuan transplants in [[Ecuador]], [[Bolivia]] (the [[Santa Cruz, Bolivia]] province area) and [[Paraguay]] (i.e. the [[Gran Chaco]]) to develop their countries' agricultural farmlands.

==S==
* [[Salvadorans]] from [[El Salvador]], large refugee and immigrant communities in the Americas, esp. the USA. Salvadorans formed communities during the civil wars (1980s-90s), escaping drug cartel violence (2000s-10s) and for economic reasons (since the 1970s onward) in [[Los Angeles]]; [[Miami, Florida]]; [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]; [[San Francisco Bay Area|San Francisco Bay]]; and the [[Washington, D.C.]] areas. (see [[Salvadoran diaspora in Los Angeles]]). Many Salvadorans also settled in Mexico and Canada.
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] diaspora – includes the [[Auld Alliance]] and the [[Scottish Wars of Independence]] which led countless Scots to emigrate to mainland Europe to escape persecution and hardship. The [[Highland clearances]] which depopulated large parts of the Scottish Highlands and had lasting effects on Scottish Gaelic culture; the [[Lowland Clearances]] which resulted in significant migration of Lowland Scots to Canada (highest concentration in the province [[Nova Scotia]]) and the United States after 1776; the [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster-Scots]], descended primarily from Lowland Scots who settled [[Ulster]] during the [[Plantation of Ulster]] in the 17th century and subsequently fled to the Americas in mass numbers throughout the 18th century due to religious and cultural persecution as well as other socio-economic factors. Other Scots and Ulster Scots went to Australia, New Zealand, [[South Africa]] and a smaller but important community in [[Argentina]]. (See also British diaspora and [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] people).<ref>http://www.ulsterancestry.com/ulster-scots.html</ref>
* [[Serbian diaspora]] – from [[Serbia]], former [[Yugoslavia]]. Over 12 million of Serbian descent live around the world, historically based in Serbia, nearby [[Montenegro]], [[Kosovo]] (disputed by Serbia), [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], Hungary, [[Albania]], [[North Macedonia]] and [[Romania]]. The largest overseas Serbian communities are in the U.S. (see [[Serbian American]]), nearby [[Bulgaria]] and [[Slovenia]] in the Balkans of Europe, and further away in Switzerland and Germany. Other communities in Sweden, Norway, Austria, Australia, Canada, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Venezuela, Brazil and South Africa.
* [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] – similar to Mormons and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] who believe in political neutrality, this Christian sect has 15 million members (nearly tied with LDS church and JWs) in the world. They form a majority of residents in only one town: [[Loma Linda, California]], USA – where the church has offices, as well have a university, free hospital and TV network.
* [[Somali diaspora]] – includes ethnic [[Somali people|Somalis]] who live in [[Djibouti]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Yemen]], [[Kenya]], as well other parts of Africa. It also includes about 2.5 million people of Somali origin who live in the Middle East, Europe, [[Oceania]], and North America, either as recent immigrants or as naturalized citizens. [[Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis|Little Mogadishu]] in [[Minneapolis]], USA is the largest Somali community in North America.<ref>((cite web|last=Shah |first=Allie |url=http://www.startribune.com/inside-little-mogadishu-no-one-is-an-outcast/414876214/ |title=Inside 'Little Mogadishu,' the Somali capital of America |publisher=StarTribune.com |date=2017-03-02 |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref> Several Little Somalias formed in the US by refugees since the 1990s.
* [[South African diaspora]] – mainly consists of [[white South African]] emigrants of British and to a lesser extent, [[Afrikaner]] origin. A minority of [[British diaspora in Africa|British diaspora]] have moved to Great Britain (often through the UK ancestry visa), due to socioeconomic concerns such as South Africa's high crime rate in the 1990s, volatile [[South African Rand]], economic mismanagement during the [[Jacob Zuma]] presidency and changes in the South African economy. Afrikaners and Black South Africans generally have much lower emigration rates than their English and Jewish counterparts. South Africans have largely settled in the UK, Australia, the United States, New Zealand, Canada, and to a lesser extent, Zimbabwe, Ireland, the UAE, France and Portugal. In the 2000s, Russia and nearby [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] invited thousands of Afrikaner farmers.<ref>((cite web|url=https://thesaker.is/russia-welcomes-afrikaners-15000-boers-plans-to-move-to-russia-from-south-africa/ |title=Russia Welcomes Afrikaners: 15000 Boers Plans To Move To Russia From South Africa &#124; The Vineyard of the Saker |publisher=Thesaker.is |access-date=2019-09-09))</ref>
* [[South Asian diaspora]] – includes millions of people from India, [[Bangladesh]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan and [[Sri Lanka]], whose descendants live in [[Suriname]], [[South Africa]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Jamaica]], [[Kenya]], [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], and other countries who left [[British India]] in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and millions more who have moved to Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom and the [[United Arab Emirates]] in recent decades (see [[Desi]], [[British Asian]], [[South Asian American]], [[Indo-Canadian]] and [[Parsees]]).
** [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]] – estimated at over 30 million, refers to people originating from India living in other parts of the world.
** [[Overseas Pakistani|Pakistani diaspora]] – estimated at over 9 million, refers to people originating from Pakistan living in other parts of the world.
** [[Bengali Hindu diaspora]] – the worldwide population of the [[Bengali Hindu]]s of [[Indian people|Indian]] and [[Bangladeshi people|Bangladeshi]] origin.
** [[Tamil diaspora]] – denotes people of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Sri Lankan Tamil]] origin who have settled in many parts of rest of India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Reunion, South Africa, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, French Caribbean islands, Europe, Australia and North America (US and Canada).
** [[Sikh diaspora]] – from the [[Punjab region]] Sikhs have emigrated to all over the world. Now there are more than a million Sikhs outside of India. The biggest community is the [[Sikhism in the United Kingdom|British Sikh community]] which in the last census was recorded as 336,179 people. There are also major Sikh communities in Canada with 278,000, 150,000 living in Europe, [[Malaysia]] (100,000), East Africa (100,000), America (87,000), 50,000 in Asia outside India,<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-the-largest-sikh-populations.html|title=Sikhism|date=4 November 2021))</ref> and 32,000 in Australia and New Zealand.
** [[Chitpavan]] Diaspora – Hindu converts of mixed Indian and East European (primarily Jewish) descent who migrated to India centuries ago.((Citation needed|date=December 2011))
** [[Punjabi diaspora]] – main regions [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] have migrated to include: [[European Union|EU]] (chiefly UK), Canada, US, [[Malaysia]] and Australia, which took place in the 20th century.
** [[Punjabi Mexican American]]s – a duality of diasporas when the first Punjabi (Indian and Pakistani) immigrants intermarried with the [[Mexican American]] population of [[California]], USA.
** [[Sindhi diaspora]] – main regions [[Sindh]], [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]] have migrated to include: [[European Union|EU]] (chiefly UK), Canada, United States, [[Malaysia]] and Australia, which took place in the 20th century or before.
** The [[Romani people|Romani]] (English terms: Gypsy, Gypsies) – a traditionally 'dispersed' people in Europe, with origins in South Asia (or perhaps, [[North India|northern India]] and [[Sindh]]) for 800-some years, are even more 'dispersed' today, following [[the Holocaust]] of Nazi Germany. (See [http://www2.arnes.si/~eusmith/Romany/names.html Some names for the Roma]) – one name for Roma in England are "Tinkers". Over 10 million Romani live across Europe, the majority in Spain, and then Eastern countries (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Albania, Greece, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Macedonia), and estimates of 250,000 Romani are known to live in North America (the US and Canada).
* [[Spanish people|Spanish diaspora]] – Refers to the migration of millions Spanish people over the last 500 years all over the world, for a great variety of reasons, especially to America, Africa (Spanish Guinea, Spanish Morocco, and the Canary Islands), and other Spanish territories in Europe. This has resulted in the diffusion of the Spanish language and the large number of Spanish names in the places mentioned. During the 20th century, the Spanish diaspora was increased due to the political and economic emigrants who left Spain during the Francoist dictatorship (1930s but his death in 1975 brought democratic reform back to Spain). Notable communities were established in Argentina, Venezuela, Cuba, Mexico, France, Italy, Russia, the United Kingdom and across Latin America.
* [[Sri Lankan diaspora]]. The Sri Lankan diaspora are Sri Lankan emigrants from [[Sri Lanka]], and their descendants and reside in a foreign country. They number a total estimated population of around 3 million.
* [[Sudanese people|Sudanese]] from the African nation of [[Sudan]] and the new independent country of [[South Sudan]] inhabited by the mostly Christian [[Dinka]] and [[Nuer people|Nuer]] peoples. Many Sudanese of both countries immigrated into Europe, esp. the UK and scattered across the Middle East. There has been substantial growth of Sudanese in the US and Canada, esp. in the Midwest and Central States (see [[Sudanese American]]), and were areas of resettlement of tens of thousands of (many Southern) Sudanese refugee children known the [[Lost Boys of Sudan]] in the 1990s and 2000s (decade). ((Citation needed|date=March 2012))
* [[Swedish people|Swedish diaspora]]. Large numbers of Swedes (and [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking Finns]] from Finland also under Russian rule) migrated to the US in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is estimated that about eight million Americans have some Swedish ancestry. [[Swedish American]]s constitute 10% of the population of [[Minnesota]] and other large numbers settled in [[Wisconsin]], [[Illinois]], [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Pennsylvania]]. A large colony of Swedes settled towns in the US like [[Lindsborg, Kansas]] and [[Kingsburg, California]] in the late 19th century. Large Swedish migration took place in Canada in the same time period along with other ethnic [[Nordic countries|Scandinavians]] from Norway, Denmark and [[Iceland]]. Smaller waves of Swedish expatriates live across Europe, east Asia, Australia and Latin America, usually made up of retirees and businessmen in the late 20th century. It is estimated that between 80,000 and 100,000 Swedes live in Norway (2012), many of whom being young workers.<ref>((cite web|last=Michael |first=David J. |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/business/dispatches/2012/12/swedish_migrant_workers_and_norwegian_oil_wealth_have_reversed_the_centuries.html |title=Swedish migrant workers and Norwegian oil wealth have reversed the centuries-old Scandinavian power dynamic |publisher=Slate.com |date=2012-12-11 |access-date=2016-07-25))</ref><ref>((cite web|author=Richard Orange (richard.orange@thelocal.com) |url=http://www.thelocal.no/20131008/a-fifth-of-young-workers-in-oslo-are-now-swedish-report |title=A fifth of young workers in Oslo are now Swedish – The Local |date=8 October 2013 |publisher=Thelocal.no |access-date=2016-07-25))</ref>
* [[Swiss diaspora]], some 9% of Swiss citizens live across the globe. Swiss nationals and descendants live in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil and nearby nations of France, Germany, Italy and Austria. In the late 19th century, an immigration settlement program brought tens of thousands of [[Swiss German]]s, [[ethnic German]]s and [[Austrians]] alike into southern [[Chile]], and the imprint of Germanic culture remains strong there. ((Citation needed|date=July 2010)) Also to note West African nations such as [[Liberia]] and [[Ghana]] are known for several thousands of Swiss expatriates. ((Citation needed|date=October 2009))
* [[Syrian diaspora]] – The largest Arab nationality diaspora in the world.

==T==
* [[Tamil diaspora]] – a demographic group of [[Tamil people]] of Indian or [[Sri Lanka]]n origin who have settled in other parts of the world.
* [[Tibetan diaspora]] – a group of [[Tibetan people]] who left Tibet to be with the [[14th Dalai Lama]] after he went into exile in 1959. Most live in India and Nepal, but some live in the United States and Europe. An estimated 20–40,000 Tibetans live in Switzerland alone, and Tibetans live throughout the world. Large Tibetan communities exist in [[California]] (US) esp. in New York City, Los Angeles and San Francisco. The Tibetans in exile were influential in the [[Free Tibet Campaign|Free Tibet]] movement which has many American activists, including celebrities and converts to Buddhism. ((Citation needed|date=March 2012))
* [[Tuaregs]], a group of [[Berber people|Berbers]] in [[Western Sahara]] after the end of Spanish rule (1975) have fled out of the country along with many [[Sahrawi people|Saharauis]], due to the [[Morocco|Moroccan]] invasion and occupation of the disputed territory known as the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]]. Indigenous to the Sahara and North Africa, there are some Tuareg in Egypt and in Nigeria, as well in traditional homeland of [[Algeria]], [[Chad]], [[Libya]], [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], [[Niger]] and [[Tunisia]]. ((citation needed|date=May 2012))
* [[Turkish diaspora]] – refers to the [[Turkish people]] living outside of Turkey (most notably in [[Turks in Germany|Germany]]).

==U==
* [[Ukrainian diaspora]], represented by [[Ukrainians]] who left their homeland in several waves of emigration, settling mainly in the [[Americas]] (United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and [[Argentina]]), but also Australia, [[east Asia]] (China) and across Europe. Also includes the tens and millions of Ukrainians who migrated from [[Ukraine]] to other parts of the former Soviet Union (mainly Russia and the [[Baltic states|Baltics]]) during the Soviet time. Ukrainians in the Middle East should be noted and the large-scale Ukrainian with Russian Jewish emigration to [[Israel]]. ((citation needed|date=November 2011))
** [[Ruthenians]] and Carpathians, self-titles for [[Slavic peoples]] from the small region of Ruthenia, encompasses easternmost [[Slovakia]], southeast parts of Poland, northern edges of Hungary and westernmost [[Ukraine]], had preserved a unique ethnocultural identity, but lacked an independent country of their own for almost a millennia. In the late 19th century and again between World Wars I and II, over a million Ruthenians fled their homeland and settled across Western Europe (France, Germany and Austria), North America (the U.S. and Canada) and the USSR (Russia), but lesser numbers settled in East Asia (China), the Middle East (Turkey), South America (Brazil) and Australia in the late 20th century.
* [https://www.mofa.go.ug/data/smenu/16/Overview%20and%20Mandate.html#:~:text=The%20Ugandan%20Diaspora%20comprises%20of%20all%20people%20of,according%20to%20the%20UN%20Human%20Development%20Report%202009. Uganda Diaspora] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804132142/https://mofa.go.ug/data/smenu/16/Overview%20and%20Mandate.html#:~:text=The%20Ugandan%20Diaspora%20comprises%20of%20all%20people%20of,according%20to%20the%20UN%20Human%20Development%20Report%202009. |date=2020-08-04 )) refers to about 1.5 million Ugandans (according to the [[Human Development Report|UN Human Development Report]] of 2009) who left [[Uganda]] from the early 1970s—during the dictatorship reign of [[Idi Amin]] (to escape persecution and death)--to the current time "in [their] search for better social and economic opportunities."<ref>((Cite web|title=Diaspora Services Overview|url=https://www.mofa.go.ug/data/smenu/16/Overview%20and%20Mandate.html#:~:text=The%20Ugandan%20Diaspora%20comprises%20of%20all%20people%20of,according%20to%20the%20UN%20Human%20Development%20Report%202009.|website=Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=2020-08-27|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804132142/https://mofa.go.ug/data/smenu/16/Overview%20and%20Mandate.html#:~:text=The%20Ugandan%20Diaspora%20comprises%20of%20all%20people%20of,according%20to%20the%20UN%20Human%20Development%20Report%202009.|url-status=dead))</ref> The Ugandans who left are diverse, knowledgeable, talented and have raised families overseas with some now identifying as mixed race. Many have settled in Europe, Asia and North America. Studies show that Ugandans in the diaspora have contributed vast revenue to the [[Economy of Uganda|Ugandan economy]] through investments and remittances they send back to their families in Uganda. In 2016, over US$1.2 billion was introduced into the Uganda's economy; in 2017, about US$1.4 billion was introduced into Uganda's coffers, and in 2018—US$1.3 billion was injected into the economy.<ref>((Cite web|title=Ugandans in Diaspora Get Training In Savings, Investing Back Home|url=https://chimpreports.com/ugandans-in-diaspora-to-get-training-in-saving-investing-back-home/|website=ChimpReports|date=30 August 2019))</ref><ref>((Cite web|date=4 January 2018|title=Ugandans in diaspora asked to venture into investments|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/Ugandans-in-diaspora-asked-to-venture-into-investments/688610-4250228-mxppgg/index.html|website=The Daily Monitor))</ref>

== V ==
* The [[Venezuelan diaspora]] – People from [[Venezuela]] who live outside of their territory: Mainly in the United States, Mexico, Spain, Italy, [[Panama]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and most of South America. Most of them arrived to escape from the [[military dictatorship]] of the 1950s and the political repressions in the 1960s. There is also a growing number of [[Venezuelan Canadians|Venezuelans in Canada]] almost all of them working for the [[Oil industry]] after the [[Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003|2002 strike]]. ''See also [[Venezuelan American]]''. Since the arrival of [[President of Venezuela|President]] [[Hugo Chávez]], a significant growing number of young Venezuelans are fleeing their country in search of better living standards and work opportunities. More recently, since the [[Crisis in Venezuela (2012–present)|crisis]] worsening in 2012, another wave of Venezuelans have emigrated,<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/08/venezuela-migrants-colombia-brazil-borders|title=Colombia and Brazil clamp down on borders as Venezuela crisis spurs exodus|last1=Otis|first1=John|last2=Graham-Harrison|first2=Emma|date=2018-02-09|website=The Guardian|access-date=2018-02-10|last3=Fishwick|first3=Carmen))</ref> including people from all age groups and socioeconomic statuses.
* [[Vietnamese diaspora]] - See [[Vietnamese boat people]]

==W==
* [[Welsh people|Welsh diaspora]] – The Welsh (or in the Welsh language – ''Cymry'') are a [[Celts|Celtic]] people from [[Wales]] one of the four countries of the United Kingdom who manage to preserve their Celtic heritage after a millennia of English and then British rule. An estimated 5 million people of Welsh ancestry live globally in areas formerly part of the British Empire (Canada, Australia, New Zealand and lesser numbers in Latin America) and about 2 million Americans are of Welsh descent. In the 19th century, over 500,000 Welsh miners migrated out of Wales throughout the British Empire, western Europe, the Americas (the U.S. such as [[Jackson County, Ohio]] was nicknamed ''Little Wales'') and [[South Africa]] for mining jobs, but others came as shepherds, factory workers and fishermen. The Welsh fought hard to preserve their culture, such as the revived [[Welsh language]] and their sense of identity in face of [[forced assimilation]] to the Anglo-British fabric. In the late 19th century, a small but solid group of Welsh people settled in [[Patagonia]], creating the Welsh community known as ''[[Y Wladfa]]'' that survived to this day in the [[Argentine]] provinces of [[Chubut province|Chubut]] and [[Santa Cruz province, Argentina|Santa Cruz]]. Many there are bilingual in Spanish and Welsh.
* [[Western Sahara]] the people on the exile of Mali, France, Spain, [[Algeria]] (mainly Tinduf), Mauritania, Niger, Italy and Senegal. And on the Free Zone of the '''[[Saharaui Republic]]'''.
* [[West Philadelphia]] was a recent scene of the [[Urban Indian]] culture, especially of the [[Lenni-Lenape]] or Delaware Indian tribe. Their community of [[University City, Philadelphia]] is called "[[Lenapehoking]]" for the indigenous name for the region. Also the [[Iroquois Confederacy]] formed communities there and in [[Boston]], New York City, [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Cleveland]] by the BIA relocation program during the mid-20th century. Although minuscule in number, many of them (their moniker the "[[Mohawks]]") arrived as skyscraper construction workers. ((citation needed|date=November 2011))
[[File:Lenapehoking.jpg|thumb|Sticker from the American Indian activist community of West Philadelphia in Philadelphia PA US.]]

==X==
* "Xin (New) [[Uyghur people|Uygurs]]", a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] ethnic group of the Northwestern region of [[Xinjiang]] in China. Over 2 million Uygurs migrated outward, to autochthonous Uygur tribal areas in nearby countries of [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and elsewhere in the former [[Soviet Union|USSR]] (Russia). Other Uygurs long settled across China, but also are in Pakistan, the [[United Arab Emirates|U.A.E]], throughout Europe (the [[European Union|EU]]) and 200,000 live in the United States, the main communities of Uygurs in San Francisco and Los Angeles. ((Citation needed|date=August 2009))

==Y==
* [[Al-Yaman|Yemenis]] from the country of [[Yemen]] in the [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabian peninsula]]. Historically Yemen was one kingdom until [[Ottoman Turks]] and then British colonialism in the late 19th century. The British maintained the former country of [[South Yemen]] until its independence (1967–90) and was the only Marxist government in the Middle East before unification with [[Yemen Arab Republic|North Yemen]]. Yemeni immigration in the 20th and early 21st century have dispersed the population throughout the Middle East (esp. [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arabia]] and the [[UAE]]), guest workers in Europe (see [[Yemeni British]]), Australia and [[East Asia]]. Yemenis have been arriving in the United States (see [[Yemeni American]]) with a large concentration in [[Lackawanna, New York]] near [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] and also in [[Detroit]], while large numbers of Yemenis also live in adjacent Canada. ((Citation needed|date=November 2011))
* [[Yugoslavs]] (see [[Bosnians]], [[Croats]], [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]], [[Serbs]] and [[Slovenes]]). From 1918 to 1990, the country of Yugoslavia in southeastern Europe existed (until 2006, when the nation renamed to [[Serbia and Montenegro]] broke apart). Millions of former Yugoslavs moved across Europe (laborers encouraged by the Yugoslavian government in the 1950s-80s to relocate), emigrated to North America (especially the United States) and around the world ([[Chile]] may have the largest pre-1990 Yugoslavian communities in ratio of its population).

==Z==
* [[Zimbabwean diaspora]] – Zimbabwean people who live outside [[Zimbabwe]]; many have emigrated to South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and the United States.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.theafricareport.com/Southern-Africa/zimbabwe-diaspora-remittances-in-decline.html|title=Zimbabwe: Diaspora remittances in decline|date=4 February 2014|publisher=The Africa Report))</ref> Most [[white Zimbabweans]] left the country after independence in 1980. Black Zimbabweans began leaving the country in significant numbers in the 1990s. Today, there are millions of Zimbabweans living and working abroad.
* [[Zoroastrian]] diaspora – two waves; the first took place in the 7th century when the [[Arabs]] conquered [[Persia]] and those who fled to India became known as the [[Parsee]]s. In addition, after the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, several thousand of the remaining Zoroastrians in [[Iran]] fled to the United States and the European Union, the largest diaspora being in Great Britain.

==Various==
* Various [[Native Americans of the United States]] have diaspora legends, stories and identity, but this applies only after contact with Europeans and removal of entire tribal peoples by post-colonial white European governments from the 16th to 19th centuries.
* Various ethnic minorities from areas under Russian and Soviet control following the [[Russian Revolution]], continuing through the mass forced resettlements under [[Joseph Stalin]].
* Various groups fled in large numbers from areas under Axis control during World War II, or after the border changes following the war, and formed their own diasporas. Only a few larger sized ethnic groups and nationalities were able to restore autonomy after the fall of Communism and the disbanding of the Soviet Union (1990–91).

==References==
((reflist|30em))

((DEFAULTSORT:Diasporas))((Diasporas))
[[Category:Diasporas|*]]
[[Category:Lists of ethnic groups]]
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