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In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land which is totally surrounded by a foreign territory. An exclave is a piece of land which is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically coterminous with it because of surrounding foreign territory. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves.

Enclaves which are also exclaves

National level

Name[1][2] Area (km2) Exclave of Enclaved by Coordinates Notes
Apipé Islands[3] (4) ~320  Argentina (Corrientes Province – Ituzaingó Department)  Paraguay (Misiones Department – Ayolas District) 27°31′S 56°51′W / 27.517°S 56.850°W / -27.517; -56.850 Four adjacent islands (Isla Apipé Grande, Isla Apipé Chico, Isla Los Patos and Isla San Martín) with territorial water borders in the Río Paraná, 39 km east of Isla Entre Rios. Island areas are about 276, 23.8, 11.8 and 3.7 km², respectively.
Isla Entre Ríos[3] ~36  Argentina (Corrientes Province – Berón de Astrada Department)  Paraguay (Ñeembucú Department – Cerrito District) 27°25′S 57°30′W / 27.417°S 57.500°W / -27.417; -57.500 Uninhabited island with territorial water border in the Río Paraná, 39 km west of Isla Apipé.
Isla Martín García ~2  Argentina (Buenos Aires Province – La Plata Partido)  Uruguay 34°10′47″S 58°15′0″W / 34.17972°S 58.25000°W / -34.17972; -58.25000 Territorial water border on the Uruguay side of Río de la Plata. Designated as a nature reserve under the jurisdiction of Argentina in 1973.
Artsvashen ~40  Armenia (Gegharkunik Province)  Azerbaijan 40°38′N 45°30′E / 40.633°N 45.500°E / 40.633; 45.500 Controlled by Azerbaijan since the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1992.
Torres Strait Islands (7) ~220 (land area)  Australia (Queensland – Shire of Torres and Torres Strait Island Region)  Papua New Guinea 9°25′23″S 142°32′10″E / 9.42306°S 142.53611°E / -9.42306; 142.53611 The islands of Anchor Cay, Aubusi Island, Black Rocks, Boigu Island (89.6 km²), Bramble Cay (0.036 km²), Dauan Island (4 km²), Deliverance Island, East Cay, Kaumag Island, Kerr Islet, Moimi Island, Saibai Island (107.9 km²), Turnagain Island (12 km²) and Turu Cay, along with their territorial seas, form seven enclaves within the maritime area of Papua New Guinea under a treaty effective in 1985. The territorial sea of each island does not extend beyond three nautical miles.[4][5] The mainland of Papua New Guinea is only 6 km from Boigu.
Jungholz 7  Austria (Tyrol state – Reutte District)  Germany (Bavaria state – Swabia administrative region) 47°34.3′N 10°27.3′E / 47.5717°N 10.4550°E / 47.5717; 10.4550 Connected at a quadripoint at the summit of the mountain Sorgschrofen (1636 m); accessible only through Germany. Vinokurov (2007) states, "For all purposes, a connection in a single point does not mean anything. It is just like being completely separated. One cannot pass through a single point, nor is it possible to transport goods. It is not even possible to lay a telephone line."[3]
Yukhari Askipara ~37  Azerbaijan (Qazakh District)  Armenia (Tavush Province) 41°03′58″N 45°01′24″E / 41.06611°N 45.02333°E / 41.06611; 45.02333 A destroyed village controlled by Armenia since the Nagorno-Karabakh War in May 1992; west of the town of Qazax.
Barkhudarli ~22  Azerbaijan (Qazakh District)  Armenia (Tavush Province) 40°59′36″N 45°13′31″E / 40.99333°N 45.22528°E / 40.99333; 45.22528 Controlled by Armenia since the Nagorno-Karabakh War in May 1992; west-southwest of the town of Qazax.
Karki ~10  Azerbaijan (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Sadarak District)  Armenia (Ararat Province) 39°47.3′N 44°57′E / 39.7883°N 44.950°E / 39.7883; 44.950 Controlled by Armenia since the Nagorno-Karabakh War in May 1992; north of Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan.
"Yaradullu" (north and south) 0.12 and 0.06  Azerbaijan (Agstafa District)  Armenia (Tavush Province) 41°00′51.8″N 45°26′12.2″E / 41.014389°N 45.436722°E / 41.014389; 45.436722 Two farmland enclaves just across the border from the village of Yaradullu[6][7] (55 m at the closest point). They are 750 m and 1500 m southwest of the municipality of Tatli on the west bank of the Akhum River; approximately 300x400 m and 300x200 m. The surrounding Armenian territory has been occupied by Azerbaijan since the Nagorno-Karabakh War in May 1992, so that these two small pockets of land are de facto no longer exclaves.
Dahagram-Angarpota 25.95  Bangladesh (Rangpur Division – Lalmonirhat district)  India (West Bengal state – Cooch Behar district) 26°18′N 88°57′E / 26.300°N 88.950°E / 26.300; 88.950 Dahagram–Angarpota is a composite enclave of two adjoining chhits. It is separated from the contiguous area of Bangladesh at its closest point by 178 metres (584 ft). The enclave has an estimated population of 20,000. After the exchange of enclaves with India under the Land Boundary Agreement on 31 July 2015, Bangladesh retained it as an exclave. The Tin Bigha Corridor, a strip of Indian territory 85 metres (279 ft) wide running from the enclave to the Bangladesh mainland at its nearest approach, was leased to Bangladesh for 999 years for access to the enclave.[1][8][9]
Baarle-Hertog (22 parcels) 2.3448  Belgium (Antwerp province – Baarle-Hertog municipality)  Netherlands (North Brabant province – Baarle-Nassau municipality) 51°26′13″N 4°55′43″E / 51.43694°N 4.92861°E / 51.43694; 4.92861 (H1) A group of 22 Belgian enclaves in the southern Netherlands. Enclaves H1 and H2 are connected at a single point.
Međurječje 3.9584  Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska – Rudo municipality)  Serbia (Zlatibor District – Priboj municipality) 43°33′30″N 19°25′30″E / 43.55833°N 19.42500°E / 43.55833; 19.42500 Home land of Bosnia-Herzegovina is 1130 meters to the north. Sastavci is the name of the neighboring village in Serbia.
Quitasueño 3577, including water area[10]  Colombia (San Andrés y Providencia Department)  Nicaragua 14°24′1″N 81°7′47″W / 14.40028°N 81.12972°W / 14.40028; -81.12972[11] (QS32)[10] On 19 November 2012, the International Court of Justice upheld Colombia's claim to Quitasueño, plus a 12-NM territorial zone, and re-defined Nicaragua's EEZ, thus surrounding the island bank.[12] It deemed one of the bank's 54 features to be an island at high tide (elevation 70 cm, area 1 m²)[13] and created enclaves as an equitable solution.[14] The area of the bank, excluding the 12-mile zone, is ~290 km².[15]
Serrana ~2500, including water area  Colombia (San Andrés y Providencia Department)  Nicaragua 14°17′13″N 80°21′48″W / 14.28694°N 80.36333°W / 14.28694; -80.36333 (Southwest Cay) On 19 November 2012, ICJ upheld Colombia's claim to Serrana, plus a 12-NM territorial zone, and re-defined Nicaragua's EEZ, surrounding the island bank.[12] The land area is ~0.11 km², and the area of the bank, excluding the 12-mile zone, is ~322 km².[15] Colombia decried the loss of maritime areas and creation of "'enclaves' around Quitasueño and Serrana that could restrict" access.[12]
Brezovica Žumberačka (2) 0.0183+  Croatia (Karlovac County – Ozalj town)  Slovenia (Metlika municipality) 45°41′22″N 15°18′12″E / 45.68944°N 15.30333°E / 45.68944; 15.30333 The first enclave contains four dwellings surrounded by agricultural land near the Slovenian village of Brezovica pri Metliki. It is about 437 m long and 60 m wide covering 1.83 ha. Confirmed by both Croatian and Slovenian cadaster maps, it lies about 100 meters away from the main border at the closest point.[6][7][16]

A second enclave lies within 300 meters of the first. It was created on 29 June 2017 when the Permanent Court of Arbitration decided that a disputed 2.4 ha parcel adjoining the enclave is part of Slovenia, thus completing the encirclement of the second Croatian enclave.[17] Croatia has stated that it will ignore the arbitration decision.[18]

Ormidhia 1.694  Cyprus (Larnaca District)  Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area 34°59′33″N 33°46′49″E / 34.99250°N 33.78028°E / 34.99250; 33.78028 One of four small exclaves surrounded by Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory in southeastern Cyprus.
Xylotymbou 0.947  Cyprus (Larnaca District)  Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area 35°01′03″N 33°44′37″E / 35.01750°N 33.74361°E / 35.01750; 33.74361 One of four small exclaves surrounded by Dhekelia, a British Overseas Territory.
"Electricity Authority of Cyprus" Refugee Settlement ~0.28  Cyprus (Larnaca District)  Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area 34°59′04″N 33°44′37″E / 34.98444°N 33.74361°E / 34.98444; 33.74361 North of Dhekelia Power Station from which it is separated by a British road; the closest point between the two exclaves is 21 meters.
Dhekelia Power Station ~0.161  Cyprus (Larnaca District)  Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area 34°58′49″N 33°44′45″E / 34.98028°N 33.74583°E / 34.98028; 33.74583 Partially borders the coast but enclosed by UK waters and UK land elsewhere; the power station is owned by the Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC); no permanent population.
Münsterbildchen [de] 1.826  Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia state – Aachen district – Roetgen municipality)  Belgium (Liège province – Raeren municipality) 50°39′36″N 6°11′24″E / 50.66000°N 6.19000°E / 50.66000; 6.19000 West of Vennbahn trackbed; northernmost German enclave, mainly home to industrial and warehouse structures.
Roetgener Wald [de] 9.98  Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia state – Aachen district – Roetgen and Simmerath municipalities)  Belgium (Liège province) 50°38′12″N 6°14′32″E / 50.63667°N 6.24222°E / 50.63667; 6.24222 Western part of Lammersdorf [de], southern part of Roetgen, and intervening forest (Forst Rötgen); west and south of Vennbahn trackbed. From 1922 to 1958, the center portion (between Grenzweg and a boundary with three turning points west of the Schleebach stream) was Belgian territory. Until 1949, the east-west road that connected the two outer (German) portions was also German territory; therefore, the German land formed one oddly-shaped enclave (that also included the road to Konzen). In 1949, it was split into two enclaves when Germany ceded the roads to Belgium;[19] in 1958, Belgium returned the east-west road and also ceded the center section of the current enclave to Germany.
Rückschlag [de] 0.016  Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia state – Aachen district – Monschau town)  Belgium (Liège province – Eupen municipality) 50°35′52″N 6°14′53″E / 50.59778°N 6.24806°E / 50.59778; 6.24806 Part of city of Monschau, west of Vennbahn trackbed; smallest German exclave, consisting of a house and a garden.
Mützenich 12.117  Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia state – Aachen district – Monschau town)  Belgium (Liège province) 50°33′54″N 6°13′5″E / 50.56500°N 6.21806°E / 50.56500; 6.21806 West of Belgium's Vennbahn trackbed.
Ruitzhof [de] 0.937  Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia state – Aachen district – Monschau town)  Belgium (Liège province) 50°31′29″N 6°11′39″E / 50.52472°N 6.19417°E / 50.52472; 6.19417 Part of city of Monschau, west of Vennbahn trackbed; southernmost Vennbahn enclave after 1949 (when Belgium annexed the Hemmeres [de] enclave).
Büsingen am Hochrhein 7.62  Germany (Baden-Württemberg state – Konstanz district)   Switzerland 47°42′N 8°42′E / 47.700°N 8.700°E / 47.700; 8.700 At its closest, less than 700 meters from Germany proper (to the east).
Campione d'Italia 1.6  Italy (Lombardy region – Province of Como)   Switzerland (Canton Ticino – Lugano District) 45°58′10″N 8°58′25″E / 45.96944°N 8.97361°E / 45.96944; 8.97361 Part of Swiss customs and uses the Swiss franc, but its inhabitants have to pay income tax to Italy, though in a reduced measure. Separated by less than 1 km, at the shortest distance, from the rest of Italy by Lake Lugano and mountains, but the terrain requires a 14 km road journey to reach the nearest Italian town, Lanzo d'Intelvi.
Barak (de facto) 2.07[20]  Kyrgyzstan (Kara-Suu District – Osh Province)  Uzbekistan (Andijan Province) 40°40′N 72°46′E / 40.667°N 72.767°E / 40.667; 72.767 Kyrgyzstan's 1991 pre-independence border is the de jure international border, but much of it is hotly disputed with its neighbors. In August 1999, the area around Barak was occupied by Uzbekistan, cutting it off from Kyrgyz territory. Uzbek forces dug up and blockaded the road to Ak-Tash[21] while also allegedly seizing large areas of Kyrgyz land that had been loaned in the Soviet era but never returned.[22] They entrenched themselves within much of Kyrgyz border territory and refused to leave.[23] Barak became a de facto enclave only 1.5 km from the shifted main border.[24] Four Uzbek enclaves and Barak are major sticking points in delimitation talks,[25] and disputes have centered on the areas of Barak, Sokh, Gava and Gavasay (stream).[26] (Map)
Likoma Island 130.0 (incl a territorial water area)  Malawi (Northern Region - Likoma District)  Mozambique (Niassa Province – Lago District) 12°04′S 34°44′E / 12.067°S 34.733°E / -12.067; 34.733 Lacustrine enclave, including smaller islets, with territorial water border in Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa); only ~5 kilometers from the Mozambique shore; combined land area of Likoma Is. and the smaller Chizumulu Is. is 18 km².
Chizumulu Island (incl Lundu Is., Papia Is., Ngkyvo Is.) 101.4 (incl 2-NM territorial water area)  Malawi (Northern Region - Likoma District)  Mozambique (Niassa Province – Lago District) 12°01′0″S 34°37′14″E / 12.01667°S 34.62056°E / -12.01667; 34.62056 Lacustrine enclave with territorial water border in Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa); Malawian mainland is 46 km away.
Baarle-Nassau (8 parcels) 0.150684  Netherlands (North Brabant province – Baarle-Nassau municipality)  Belgium (Antwerp province – Baarle-Hertog municipality) 51°24′43″N 4°52′16″E / 51.41194°N 4.87111°E / 51.41194; 4.87111 (N8) Seven of the eight Dutch enclaves are counter-enclaves inside two Belgian enclaves (H1 and H8); one is in the main body of Belgium (N8).
Madha ~75  Oman (Musandam Governorate)  United Arab Emirates 25°17′N 56°17′E / 25.283°N 56.283°E / 25.283; 56.283 Halfway between the Omani fragment on the Musandam Peninsula and the rest of Oman; surrounds the UAE counter-enclave of Nahwa.
San'kovo-Medvezh'e 4.54  Russia (Bryansk Oblast – Zlynkovsky District)  Belarus (Gomel Region – Dobrush Raion) 52°28′48″N 31°33′51″E / 52.48000°N 31.56417°E / 52.48000; 31.56417 Contains two small villages which have been depopulated since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine.
Llívia 12.84  Spain (Catalonia autonomous community – Province of Girona/​Cerdanya comarca)  France (Occitania region – Pyrénées-Orientales department) 42°28′N 1°59′E / 42.467°N 1.983°E / 42.467; 1.983 To the east of Andorra, separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 2 km wide containing the French communes of Ur and Bourg-Madame.
Vorukh ~96.7  Tajikistan (Sughd Province – Isfara District)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province – Batken District) 39°51′04″N 70°38′00″E / 39.85111°N 70.63333°E / 39.85111; 70.63333 South of the mountain Ak-Tash; population is 95% Tajik and the rest Kyrgyz.
"Kayragach" ~0.88  Tajikistan (Sughd Province – Isfara District)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province – Leilek District) 40°04′05″N 69°32′41″E / 40.06806°N 69.54472°E / 40.06806; 69.54472 Near the railway station of Stantsiya Kayragach, next to the Kyrgyz-Tajik border; also referred to as "Western Qal'acha" due to proximity to the Tajik town of Qal'acha; apparently there is no named settlement.
Sarvan (also Sarvaksoi, Sarvaki-bolo) 8.4  Tajikistan (Sughd Province – Asht District)  Uzbekistan (Namangan Province – Pap district) 40°58′00″N 70°36′56″E / 40.96667°N 70.61556°E / 40.96667; 70.61556 Long, narrow territory located in the Fergana and Isfara valleys region where Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet.
Nahwa ~5.2  United Arab Emirates (Sharjah emirate)  Oman (Musandam Governorate) 25°16′N 56°16′E / 25.267°N 56.267°E / 25.267; 56.267 A counter-enclave surrounded by Madha, reported to consist of around forty houses.[27]
Filomena Islands [es] (5 islands) ~23  Uruguay (Río Negro Department)  Argentina (Entre Ríos Province – Gualeguaychú and Uruguay departments) 32°59′S 58°6′W / 32.983°S 58.100°W / -32.983; -58.100 Five adjacent islands (Isla Filomena Grande, Isla Filomena Chica, Isla Palma Chica, Isla Bassi, Isla Tres Cruces) with territorial water borders in the Uruguay River. Uninhabited islands that form part of the Esteros de Farrapos [es] National Park.
Sokh ~234  Uzbekistan (Fergana Province – Sokh district)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province) 40°02′39″N 71°05′39″E / 40.04417°N 71.09417°E / 40.04417; 71.09417 Large enclave with 99% Tajik population, the rest Kyrgyz and almost no ethnic Uzbeks.
Shakhimardan ~38.2  Uzbekistan (Fergana Province – Fergana district)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province – Kadamjay District) 39°58′59″N 71°48′18″E / 39.98306°N 71.80500°E / 39.98306; 71.80500 Located in a narrow valley in the Alay Mountains where the rivers Ok-su [ru] and Kok-su [ru] meet to form the Shakhimardan-sai [ru].[6][7][28]
Chon-Qora or Qalacha (the 2 Uzbek villages in the enclave) ~3  Uzbekistan (Fergana Province – Sokh district)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province) 40°14′37″N 71°02′14″E / 40.24361°N 71.03722°E / 40.24361; 71.03722 Tiny enclave lying on the Sokh River, immediately north of Sokh; measures about 3 km long by 1 km wide, with the Uzbek villages of Chon-Qora (or Chongara 40°15′03″N 71°02′15″E / 40.25083°N 71.03750°E / 40.25083; 71.03750) and Qalacha (40°14′10″N 71°02′12″E / 40.23611°N 71.03667°E / 40.23611; 71.03667) at either end; the Kyrgyz village of Chong-Kara (or Chon-Kara 40°15′37″N 71°00′41″E / 40.26028°N 71.01139°E / 40.26028; 71.01139) lies 2 km northwest.[6][7][28] [Note: The Kyrgyz Cyrillic alphabet contains three characters not present in the Uzbek alphabet. One of these characters is romanized from Kyrgyz as the digraph "ng," which is not present in romanized Uzbek words.][29]
Jani-Ayil (also Jangy-ayyl or Khalmion) ~0.8  Uzbekistan (Fergana Province – Fergana district)  Kyrgyzstan (Batken Province – Kadamjay District) 40°12′01″N 71°39′43″E / 40.20028°N 71.66194°E / 40.20028; 71.66194 Tiny enclave north-northwest of the Shakhimardan enclave; within 1 km of the Uzbek main border; the Kyrgyz towns of Jani-Ayil (40°10′56″N 71°40′49″E / 40.18222°N 71.68028°E / 40.18222; 71.68028) and Kalmion (40°12′44″N 71°37′58″E / 40.21222°N 71.63278°E / 40.21222; 71.63278) lie outside opposite edges of this enclave.[6][7][28]
Peanut Hole,
High Seas[30]		 ~30,000  International waters  Russia 55°30′N 149°30′E / 55.500°N 149.500°E / 55.500; 149.500 Surrounded by Russia's EEZ in the Sea of Okhotsk; lies between the territorial zones of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island. (Note: EEZs are not areas of sovereignty, but rather of sovereign rights and functional jurisdiction.)
High Seas ~170,000  International waters  Japan 26°19′N 135°52′E / 26.317°N 135.867°E / 26.317; 135.867 Surrounded by Japan's EEZ; it lies between the territorial zones of Honshu, Shikoku, the Bonin Islands, Okino-tori-shima and Okinawa Island
High Seas ~1200  International waters  New Zealand 44°19′S 178°12′E / 44.317°S 178.200°E / -44.317; 178.200 Surrounded by New Zealand's EEZ; it lies between the territorial zones of the Chatham Islands, North Island and the Bounty Islands
High Seas ~20,000  International waters  New Zealand 49°32′S 173°6′E / 49.533°S 173.100°E / -49.533; 173.100 Surrounded by New Zealand's EEZ; it lies between the territorial zones of Campbell Island, South Island and the Antipodes Islands

First-order subnational level

Name Area (km2) Parent Country Exclave of Enclaved by Coordinates Notes
Qobu  Azerbaijan Absheron Rayon Baku 40°24′N 49°42′E / 40.400°N 49.700°E / 40.400; 49.700 Map showing Absheron rayon and Qobu; another showing Çeyildağ also
Çeyildağ[31]  Azerbaijan Baku Absheron Rayon 40°16′57″N 49°16′45″E / 40.28250°N 49.27917°E / 40.28250; 49.27917 Çeyildağ at GEOnet Names Server
• (near Maçkalaşen) and • Yuxarı Veysəlli[32][33][34]  Azerbaijan Füzuli Rayon Xocavənd Rayon 39°41′32.03″N 47°2′11.83″E / 39.6922306°N 47.0366194°E / 39.6922306; 47.0366194, 39°44′24.6″N 47°7′22.6″E / 39.740167°N 47.122944°E / 39.740167; 47.122944 Xocavənd Rayon is a de facto part of the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which is unrecognized by any member states of the United Nations. Füzuli Rayon is partially occupied and controlled by its forces. (Yuxarı Veysəlli at GEOnet Names Server)
• (includes Aşağı Quşçular, Yuxarı Quşçular, Malıbəyli)[34][35]  Azerbaijan Şuşa Rayon Xocalı Rayon 39°49′52.7″N 46°48′7.2″E / 39.831306°N 46.802000°E / 39.831306; 46.802000 Located near Xankəndi (Stepanakert), capital of the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which includes Şuşa and Xocalı Rayons. (Aşağı Quşçular at GEOnet Names Server, Yuxarı Quşçular at GEOnet Names Server, Malıbəyli at GEOnet Names Server)
• (northeast of Deşdahat)[34][36]  Azerbaijan Xocavənd Rayon Qubadlı Rayon 39°31′40″N 46°43′54″E / 39.52778°N 46.73167°E / 39.52778; 46.73167 Qubadlı Rayon is occupied and controlled by forces of the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which includes Xocavənd Rayon.
• (main part of the city)
• Minsk National Airport
• Sokol [be]		 409.5  Belarus Minsk Minsk Region (Minsk and Smalyavichy Raions) 53°54′N 27°34′E / 53.900°N 27.567°E / 53.900; 27.567, 53°53.5′N 28°2.8′E / 53.8917°N 28.0467°E / 53.8917; 28.0467, 53°52.6′N 27°53.9′E / 53.8767°N 27.8983°E / 53.8767; 27.8983
• (1 parcel)  Belarus Minsk Region (Minsk Raion) Minsk (Maskowski District) 53°50′24″N 27°28′17″E / 53.84000°N 27.47139°E / 53.84000; 27.47139
• (southeast of Jogir village), • (south of Arjo village) and • (northwest of Uke)  Ethiopia Benishangul-Gumuz Region (Kamashi Zone – Belo Jegonfoy) Oromia Region (Misraq Welega Zone) 8°56′N 36°7′E / 8.933°N 36.117°E / 8.933; 36.117, 8°57′N 36°17′E / 8.950°N 36.283°E / 8.950; 36.283, 9°26′N 36°25′E / 9.433°N 36.417°E / 9.433; 36.417 The first two of the three enclaves are close in distance and lie near or on the Highway 5 route between Jogir and Arjo.
• (includes Gardères, Luquet) and • (includes Séron, Escaunets, Villenave-près-Béarn) 42.02  France Occitania (Hautes-Pyrénées – Arrondissement of Tarbes – Canton of Ossun and Canton of Vic-en-Bigorre) Nouvelle-Aquitaine (Pyrénées-Atlantiques – Arrondissement of Pau) 43°16′N 0°7′W / 43.267°N 0.117°W / 43.267; -0.117, 43°20′N 0°5′W / 43.333°N 0.083°W / 43.333; -0.083 Séron is less than 300 meters from the neighboring enclave to its south that includes Gardères and Luquet; they, along with Séron, are part of Canton d'Ossun. Escaunets and Villenave-près-Béarn are in the same enclave with Séron, but unlike Séron, they are part of Canton de Vic-en-Bigorre.
Canton of Valréas 124.91  France Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (Vaucluse – Arrondissement of Avignon) Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Drôme – Arrondissement of Nyons) 44°21′N 4°58′E / 44.350°N 4.967°E / 44.350; 4.967 Known as the Enclave des Papes, it was part of the possessions of the Pope in France near Avignon;[37] it was attached to Vaucluse when annexed after the départements were created (see Comtat Venaissin).
(2 parcels)  Germany Baden-Württemberg (Karlsruhe — Rhein-Neckar-Kreis — Laudenbach) Hesse (Darmstadt — Bergstraße — Heppenheim) 49°37′08.8″N 8°40′58.3″E / 49.619111°N 8.682861°E / 49.619111; 8.682861
49°36′31.9″N 8°40′44.5″E / 49.608861°N 8.679028°E / 49.608861; 8.679028		 One of these is a counter enclave.
• Hansestadt Bremen (south) and • Hansestadt Bremen (north) 408  Germany Freie Hansestadt Bremen Lower Saxony 53°7′N 8°45′E / 53.117°N 8.750°E / 53.117; 8.750 53°34.5′N 8°34′E / 53.5750°N 8.567°E / 53.5750; 8.567 Bremerhaven and Überseehafengebiet comprise Bremen's northern part, which is 60 km downstream of Bremen's larger southern part on the River Weser. Both parts of Hansestadt Bremen are enclaves within Lower Saxony, as well as exclaves of each other.
Fehrmoor [de] (part)  Germany Freie Hansestadt Bremen (Bremerhaven Stadt – Nord Stadtbezirk – Leherheide [de] Stadtteil – Fehrmoor) Lower Saxony (Cuxhaven) 53°36.4′N 8°39.1′E / 53.6067°N 8.6517°E / 53.6067; 8.6517 Fehrmoor is a part of Leherheide, which is a sub-division of Bremerhaven. Part of Fehrmoor is separated by a narrow strip of Lower Saxony from the rest of Bremerhaven, making it an exclave of the city and of the state.
Ober-Laudenbach  Germany Hesse (Darmstadt — Bergstraße — Heppenheim) Baden-Württemberg (Karlsruhe — Rhein-Neckar-Kreis — Laudenbach) 49°37′02.3″N 8°40′39.6″E / 49.617306°N 8.677667°E / 49.617306; 8.677667 Contains a counter enclave.
Choto Pokalagi 0.549  India Assam (Dhubri district) West Bengal (Cooch Behar district) 26°18.5′N 89°44.1′E / 26.3083°N 89.7350°E / 26.3083; 89.7350 A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
Gobrarkuthi 0.149  India Assam (Dhubri district) West Bengal (Cooch Behar district) 26°14.5′N 89°42.5′E / 26.2417°N 89.7083°E / 26.2417; 89.7083 A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
Ramrayerkuthi 0.084  India Assam (Dhubri district) West Bengal (Cooch Behar district) 26°9.7′N 89°42.4′E / 26.1617°N 89.7067°E / 26.1617; 89.7067 A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
Dadra  India Dadra and Nagar Haveli Gujarat (Valsad district) 20°19′N 72°58′E / 20.317°N 72.967°E / 20.317; 72.967 Dadra was part of the former Portuguese India.
Maghval [38][39]  India Gujarat (Valsad district) Dadra and Nagar Haveli 20°13′N 73°2′E / 20.217°N 73.033°E / 20.217; 73.033 Formerly "Bombay Enclave," Maghval was a British counter-enclave within the Portuguese enclave within British India until independence.
Yanam district 20  India Puducherry Andhra Pradesh (East Godavari district) 16°43′N 82°16′E / 16.717°N 82.267°E / 16.717; 82.267 The four districts of Puducherry (Pondicherry, Mahe, Yanam and Karaikal) were French colonies until 1954.
• Cherukallayi and • (includes Palloor, Chalakkara, Pandakkal)  India Puducherry (Mahe district) Kerala (Kannur district) 11°42′44″N 75°32′1″E / 11.71222°N 75.53361°E / 11.71222; 75.53361, 11°44′N 75°32.5′E / 11.733°N 75.5417°E / 11.733; 75.5417 Mahe district consists of these two true enclaves and Mahé municipality.
• Bahour PS-Karaiyambuthur OP (3 enclaves), • Dhanvantry Nagar PS-Alankuppam OP, • Thirubuvanai PS/Thirukkanur PS (part), • Kattery Kuppam PS/Thirukkanur PS (part), • Nettapakkam PS (west), • Mangalam PS (part), • Thirukkanur PS (part)[40]  India Puducherry (Pondicherry district) Tamil Nadu (Cuddalore and Viluppuram districts) 11°57′N 79°38′E / 11.950°N 79.633°E / 11.950; 79.633 (the largest part) These 9 parcels along with three coastal pene-exclaves comprise all of Pondicherry district.
Cuddalore Subdistrict  India Tamil Nadu (Cuddalore district) Puducherry (Pondicherry district) 11°53.3′N 79°47.3′E / 11.8883°N 79.7883°E / 11.8883; 79.7883 This enclave is surrounded by one of the three coastal pene-exclaves in Pondicherry district.
Bara Lowkuthi 5.47  India West Bengal (Cooch Behar district) Assam (Kokrajhar district) 26°20.5′N 89°48′E / 26.3417°N 89.800°E / 26.3417; 89.800 A national level enclave prior to the incorporation of Cooch Behar into India in 1949
• (includes Ortale)  Italy Tuscany (Province of Arezzo – Badia Tedalda) Emilia-Romagna (Province of Rimini) 43°47.4′N 12°12.2′E / 43.7900°N 12.2033°E / 43.7900; 12.2033 One enclave
Monte Ruperto [it] 2.7  Italy Umbria (Province of Perugia – Città di Castello) Marche (Province of Pesaro and Urbino) 43°36.1′N 12°25.4′E / 43.6017°N 12.4233°E / 43.6017; 12.4233 This enclave consists of hills, cropland and few structures.
• Lama and • Valle Inferiore  Italy Emilia Romagna (Province of Piacenza – Corte Brugnatella) Lombardy (Province of Pavia) 44°42′12″N 9°17′42″E / 44.70344°N 9.29495°E / 44.70344; 9.29495, 44°41′37″N 9°18′07″E / 44.69374°N 9.30190°E / 44.69374; 9.30190 Two tiny rural enclaves very close to each other. There is just one house in Valle Inferiore and none in Lama.
San Pellegrino in Alpe [it]  Italy Emilia Romagna (Province of Modena – Frassinoro) Tuscany (Province of Lucca) 44°11′24″N 10°28′51″E / 44.18990°N 10.48074°E / 44.18990; 10.48074 Enclave including part of the village of San Pellegrino in Alpe. map
(1 parcel)  Italy Lombardy (Province of Pavia – Pieve del Cairo) Piedmont (Province of Alessandria) 45°01′07″N 8°48′47″E / 45.018488°N 8.813027°E / 45.018488; 8.813027 The enclave is a small plot of cropland
Wes  Liechtenstein Planken Schaan 47°11′3″N 9°32′1″E / 47.18417°N 9.53361°E / 47.18417; 9.53361 One of the 4 exclaves of Planken (map)
Brunnenegg  Liechtenstein Schaan Planken 47°10′44″N 9°33′1″E / 47.17889°N 9.55028°E / 47.17889; 9.55028 One of the 4 exclaves of Schaan (map)
Rüttistein  Liechtenstein Vaduz Planken 47°11′13″N 9°33′2″E / 47.18694°N 9.55056°E / 47.18694; 9.55056 One of the 6 exclaves of Vaduz (map)
Forst  Liechtenstein Vaduz Schaan 47°10′34″N 9°31′34″E / 47.17611°N 9.52611°E / 47.17611; 9.52611 One of the 6 exclaves of Vaduz (map)
(2 parcels)  Moldova Dubăsari District Transnistrian-controlled Dubăsari District 47°20.2′N 29°12.5′E / 47.3367°N 29.2083°E / 47.3367; 29.2083, 47°22′9″N 29°17′42″E / 47.36917°N 29.29500°E / 47.36917; 29.29500 Transnistria is de facto independent, but not recognized by any member states of the United Nations. Control of two highways (east of Roghi, west of Vasilievca) by Transnistria in this frozen conflict created these two neighboring enclaves.
Condrița  Moldova Chișinău municipality Strășeni District 47°03′20.4″N 28°34′13.6″E / 47.055667°N 28.570444°E / 47.055667; 28.570444
Văduleni  Moldova Chișinău municipality Criuleni district 47°4′12″N 29°4′53″E / 47.07000°N 29.08139°E / 47.07000; 29.08139
• Central Ulaanbaatar and • Bagakhangai 4084.2  Mongolia Ulan Bator Töv Province 47°57′N 107°0′E / 47.950°N 107.000°E / 47.950; 107.000, 47°21′N 107°29′E / 47.350°N 107.483°E / 47.350; 107.483 Two enclaves
Jøsås farms (2 parcels)  Norway Sør-Trøndelag (Malvik) Nord-Trøndelag (Stjørdal) 63°20′52″N 10°52′37″E / 63.34778°N 10.87694°E / 63.34778; 10.87694, 63°20′48″N 10°51′44″E / 63.34667°N 10.86222°E / 63.34667; 10.86222 Three farmsteads, Øvre Jøsås, Store Jøsås and Lille Jøsås, that belong to Sør-Trøndelag county comprise two separate enclaves that are surrounded by Nord-Trøndelag county.[41] The eastern enclave consists of Øvre Jøsås and Store Jøsås, while the western enclave is Lille Jøsås. The closest distance between the two enclaves is only about 8 meters.
Sambú 1296.4  Panama Comarca Emberá-Wounaan Darién Province (Chepigana District) 7°51′N 78°8′W / 7.850°N 78.133°W / 7.850; -78.133
El Bale  Panama Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca (Ñürüm [es]) Veraguas Province (Cañazas District) 8°21′N 81°22′W / 8.350°N 81.367°W / 8.350; -81.367
• Cerro Pelado and • (near El Piro)  Panama Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca (Müna [es]) Veraguas Province (Las Palmas District) 8°10′N 81°32′W / 8.167°N 81.533°W / 8.167; -81.533, 8°13′30″N 81°31′22.37″W / 8.22500°N 81.5228806°W / 8.22500; -81.5228806 The unnamed parcel is a crescent-shaped forested area bordered by streams.
• Bakama and • (includes Trinidad)  Panama Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca (Müna [es]) Chiriquí Province (Tolé District) 8°15.5′N 81°36′W / 8.2583°N 81.600°W / 8.2583; -81.600, 8°13.9′N 81°34.7′W / 8.2317°N 81.5783°W / 8.2317; -81.5783 The village of Trinidad appears to be the only population center in the unnamed parcel.
Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug 37.22  Russia Moscow Moscow Oblast 55°59.3′N 37°11.7′E / 55.9883°N 37.1950°E / 55.9883; 37.1950
Vostochny (2 parcels)[42][43][44] 3.20  Russia Moscow (Eastern Administrative Okrug – Vostochny District) Moscow Oblast (Balashikha Urban Okrug) 55°48.9′N 37°52.1′E / 55.8150°N 37.8683°E / 55.8150; 37.8683 These two enclaves within Moscow Oblast are separated only by the width of the road between them.
Akulovo (2 parcels)[45][46]  Russia Moscow (Eastern Administrative Okrug – Vostochny District) Moscow Oblast 56°0.42′N 37°47.74′E / 56.00700°N 37.79567°E / 56.00700; 37.79567, 55°59.9′N 37°47.6′E / 55.9983°N 37.7933°E / 55.9983; 37.7933 Two small enclaves
Machikhino [ru]  Russia Moscow (Troitsky Administrative Okrug – Kiyevsky Settlement [ru]) Moscow Oblast (Naro-Fominsky District – Naro-Fominsky Urban Settlement [ru]) 55°19.2′N 36°54.9′E / 55.3200°N 36.9150°E / 55.3200; 36.9150 Machikhino became part of "New Moscow [ru]" on 1 July 2012.
Arkhangelsky [ru] 2.33  Russia Moscow (Western Administrative Okrug – Kuntsevo District) Moscow Oblast (Krasnogorsky District) 55°48′N 37°17.9′E / 55.800°N 37.2983°E / 55.800; 37.2983 Arkhangelsky became part of "New Moscow [ru]" on 1 July 2012.
Konezavod, VTB [ru] (i.e., "Stud Farm, VTB") 27.18  Russia Moscow (Western Administrative Okrug – Kuntsevo District) Moscow Oblast 55°43.8′N 37°0.8′E / 55.7300°N 37.0133°E / 55.7300; 37.0133 This enclave became part of "New Moscow [ru]" on 1 July 2012, with bizarrely twisting borders that touch Krasnogorsky and Odintsovsky Districts and Zvenigorod Urban Okrug. Two landowners, MKZ "Moscow Stud Farm N1" (about 1100 hectares) and VTB Bank with 1,082 hectares,[47] own nearly all of it.
(2 parcels)  Russia Tatarstan (Agryzsky District) Udmurtia (Kiyasovsky District) 56°11.574′N 53°4.29′E / 56.192900°N 53.07150°E / 56.192900; 53.07150, 56°11.826′N 53°5.418′E / 56.197100°N 53.090300°E / 56.197100; 53.090300 Two enclaves
Novaya Kokshan [ru]  Russia Tatarstan (Mendeleyevsky District) Udmurtia (Grakhovsky District) 56°3.6′N 52°12.96′E / 56.0600°N 52.21600°E / 56.0600; 52.21600 Lies on the Kokshanka River [ru]
(3 parcels)  Russia Tatarstan (Drozhzhanovsky District) Chuvashia (Shemurshinsky District) 54°52.854′N 47°18.36′E / 54.880900°N 47.30600°E / 54.880900; 47.30600, 54°50.91′N 47°18.732′E / 54.84850°N 47.312200°E / 54.84850; 47.312200, 54°52.344′N 47°20.858′E / 54.872400°N 47.347633°E / 54.872400; 47.347633 Three enclaves
upper Inesh valley  Russia Tatarstan (Kaybitsky District) Chuvashia (Yantikovsky District) 55°22.908′N 47°43.11′E / 55.381800°N 47.71850°E / 55.381800; 47.71850
Novoye Bayderyakovo  Russia Chuvashia (Shemurshinsky District) Tatarstan (Buinsky District) 55°0.972′N 48°6.18′E / 55.016200°N 48.10300°E / 55.016200; 48.10300
Chuvashskiye Entugany - Maksim Gorkiy  Russia Chuvashia (Shemurshinsky District) Tatarstan (Buinsky District) 54°54.66′N 47°50.1′E / 54.91100°N 47.8350°E / 54.91100; 47.8350
west of Malaya Tsilna (1 parcel)  Russia Chuvashia (Shemurshinsky District) Tatarstan (Drozhzhanovsky District) 54°45.648′N 47°50.76′E / 54.760800°N 47.84600°E / 54.760800; 47.84600
(1 parcel)  Russia Chuvashia (Krasnochetaysky District) Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Pilninsky District) 55°34.104′N 46°8.178′E / 55.568400°N 46.136300°E / 55.568400; 46.136300 One enclave
(3 parcels)  Russia Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Pilninsky District) Chuvashia (Krasnochetaysky District) 55°31.584′N 46°8.55′E / 55.526400°N 46.14250°E / 55.526400; 46.14250, 55°33.102′N 46°8.922′E / 55.551700°N 46.148700°E / 55.551700; 46.148700, 55°32.484′N 46°7.4184′E / 55.541400°N 46.1236400°E / 55.541400; 46.1236400 Three enclaves
(3 parcels)  Russia Omsk Oblast (Krutinskiy District) Tyumen Oblast (Abatskiy District) 56°0′54.97″N 70°46′36.01″E / 56.0152694°N 70.7766694°E / 56.0152694; 70.7766694, 55°56′37.75″N 70°45′51.52″E / 55.9438194°N 70.7643111°E / 55.9438194; 70.7643111, 56°22′40.08″N 70°47′35.34″E / 56.3778000°N 70.7931500°E / 56.3778000; 70.7931500 Three enclaves
(2 parcels)  Russia Tyumen Oblast (Abatskiy District) Omsk Oblast (Krutinskiy District) 56°20′36.85″N 71°3′18.4″E / 56.3435694°N 71.055111°E / 56.3435694; 71.055111, 56°18′32.8″N 71°13′31.44″E / 56.309111°N 71.2254000°E / 56.309111; 71.2254000 Two enclaves
(1 parcel)  Russia Kemerovo Oblast (Novokuznetskiy District) Altai Krai (El'tsovskiy District) 53°18′37.33″N 86°44′30.73″E / 53.3103694°N 86.7418694°E / 53.3103694; 86.7418694 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Tatarstan (Arsky District – Shurabashky Urban Settlement) Mari El Republic (Morkinsky District) 56°29′32″N 49°32′29″E / 56.49222°N 49.54139°E / 56.49222; 49.54139 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Tyumen Oblast (Nizhnetavdinsky District) Sverdlovsk Oblast (Slobodo-Turinsky District – Slobodo-Turinsky Rural Settlement [ru]) 57°35′22″N 64°55′07″E / 57.58944°N 64.91861°E / 57.58944; 64.91861 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Penza Oblast (Mokshansky District) Mordovia (Insarsky District) 53°41′09″N 44°28′12″E / 53.68583°N 44.47000°E / 53.68583; 44.47000 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Mordovia (Narovchatsky District) Penza Oblast (Narovchatsky District) 53°49′45.3″N 43°52′8.5″E / 53.829250°N 43.869028°E / 53.829250; 43.869028 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Mordovia (Tengushevsky District – Dachny [ru]) Ryazan Oblast (Kadomsky District) 54°31′57.6″N 42°36′8″E / 54.532667°N 42.60222°E / 54.532667; 42.60222 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Ryazan Oblast (Kadomsky District) Mordovia (Tengushevsky District – Dachny [ru]) 54°33′39.3″N 42°39′50″E / 54.560917°N 42.66389°E / 54.560917; 42.66389 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Kaluga Oblast (Mosalsky District – Shakhovsky [ru]) Smolensk Oblast (Ugransky District – Klyuchikovsky Rural Settlement [ru]) 54°41′7″N 34°25′24.5″E / 54.68528°N 34.423472°E / 54.68528; 34.423472 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Arkhangelsk Oblast (Kargopolsky District – Ukhotsky [ru]) Vologda Oblast (Vytegorsky District – Kemsky Rural Settlement [ru]) 61°2′31″N 38°4′0″E / 61.04194°N 38.06667°E / 61.04194; 38.06667 One enclave
(1 parcel)  Russia Sverdlovsk Oblast (Achitsky District) Perm Krai (Suksunsky District) 57°4′0″N 57°52′3″E / 57.06667°N 57.86750°E / 57.06667; 57.86750 One enclave
Valle de Villaverde 19.53  Spain Cantabria Basque Country (Biscay) 43°14′N 3°17′W / 43.233°N 3.283°W / 43.233; -3.283
• Sajuela [es] and • El Ternero [es] 3.5  Spain Castile and León (Province of Burgos – Miranda de Ebro) La Rioja 42°36.6′N 2°59.4′W / 42.6100°N 2.9900°W / 42.6100; -2.9900, 42°36.1′N 2°56.1′W / 42.6017°N 2.9350°W / 42.6017; -2.9350 Two enclaves
Enclave de Treviño 279.58  Spain Castile and León (Province of Burgos) Basque Country (Álava) 42°44′N 2°42′W / 42.733°N 2.700°W / 42.733; -2.700
• Cezura and • Lastrilla [es]  Spain Castile and León (Province of Palencia – Pomar de Valdivia) Cantabria (Valderredible) 42°49′N 4°10.2′W / 42.817°N 4.1700°W / 42.817; -4.1700, 42°48.7′N 4°5.9′W / 42.8117°N 4.0983°W / 42.8117; -4.0983 Two enclaves
La Canaleja  Spain Castile-La Mancha (Province of Guadalajara – Torrejón del Rey) Community of Madrid 40°38′N 3°22.3′W / 40.633°N 3.3717°W / 40.633; -3.3717
Dehesa de la Cepeda  Spain Community of Madrid (Santa María de la Alameda) Castile and León 40°39.8′N 4°17.3′W / 40.6633°N 4.2883°W / 40.6633; -4.2883 On the northern slopes of Sierra de Guadarrama
• Petilla de Aragón and • Los Bastanes 27.55  Spain Navarre Aragon (Province of Zaragoza) 42°27.5′N 1°5.5′W / 42.4583°N 1.0917°W / 42.4583; -1.0917, 42°25.3′N 1°10′W / 42.4217°N 1.167°W / 42.4217; -1.167 Petilla de Aragón is also a municipality in northern Spain formed by these two enclaves.
Fahr Abbey 0.0148   Switzerland Aargau (Baden District – Würenlos) Canton of Zurich (Dietikon District – Unterengstringen) 47°24′30″N 8°26′21″E / 47.40833°N 8.43917°E / 47.40833; 8.43917 From 1803 through 2007 this Benedictine convent was not part of a municipality.
Kloster Grimmenstein [de]   Switzerland Appenzell Innerrhoden (Oberegg District) Appenzell Ausserrhoden (Walzenhausen) 47°26′36″N 9°36′46″E / 47.44333°N 9.61278°E / 47.44333; 9.61278
Kloster Wonnenstein [de]   Switzerland Appenzell Innerrhoden (Schlatt-Haslen) Appenzell Ausserrhoden (Teufen) 47°23′11″N 9°21′45″E / 47.38639°N 9.36250°E / 47.38639; 9.36250
Münchenwiler 2.5   Switzerland Canton of Bern (Bern-Mittelland) Canton of Fribourg (See District) 46°54.7′N 7°7.5′E / 46.9117°N 7.1250°E / 46.9117; 7.1250
• Surpierre and • Vuissens 10.43   Switzerland Canton of Fribourg (Broye District) Vaud 46°44.7′N 6°50.5′E / 46.7450°N 6.8417°E / 46.7450; 6.8417, 46°44.1′N 6°46.2′E / 46.7350°N 6.7700°E / 46.7350; 6.7700 Surpierre includes the villages of Surpierre, Villeneuve, Cheiry and Prèvond-avaux.
Wallenbuch [de] 1.4   Switzerland Canton of Fribourg (See District – Gurmels) Canton of Bern (Bern-Mittelland) 46°55.9′N 7°13.5′E / 46.9317°N 7.2250°E / 46.9317; 7.2250
La Grande/La Petite Coudre (Céligny)   Switzerland Canton of Geneva (Céligny) Vaud (Nyon District) 46°20′54″N 6°10′24″E / 46.34833°N 6.17333°E / 46.34833; 6.17333 The municipality of Céligny consists of two exclaves of the Canton of Geneva within the Canton of Vaud. The smaller of the two is enclaved by Vaud. The larger one also has a water border with France and thus is not an enclave.
Steinhof 1.64   Switzerland Canton of Solothurn (Wasseramt District – Aeschi) Canton of Bern (Oberaargau) 47°9.5′N 7°41.2′E / 47.1583°N 7.6867°E / 47.1583; 7.6867
Slavutych 2.53  Ukraine Kiev Oblast Chernihiv Oblast 51°31.8′N 30°43.5′E / 51.5300°N 30.7250°E / 51.5300; 30.7250
Kotsiubynske 0.87  Ukraine Kiev Oblast (Irpin) Kiev (Sviatoshyn) 50°29.3′N 30°20′E / 50.4883°N 30.333°E / 50.4883; 30.333
• the above-water part of Liberty Island and • the original portion of Ellis Island not created by landfill 0.0726  United States New York (New York City – Manhattan) New Jersey (Hudson County – Jersey City) 40°41.4′N 74°2.7′W / 40.6900°N 74.0450°W / 40.6900; -74.0450, 40°41′59″N 74°2′22″W / 40.69972°N 74.03944°W / 40.69972; -74.03944 The size of the original portion of Ellis Island is 3.3 acres (0.013 km² ) of the overall area (together with Liberty Island) of 27.5 acres.[48][49][50] From a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision it follows that a seawall that was completed in 1914 made the original Ellis Island a true enclave within New Jersey.
• (main part of city), • Ulugbek 334.8  Uzbekistan Tashkent Tashkent Province 41°18′N 69°16′E / 41.300°N 69.267°E / 41.300; 69.267, 41°24′10″N 69°27′14″E / 41.40278°N 69.45389°E / 41.40278; 69.45389
• (includes Khanabad and others)  Uzbekistan Tashkent Province (Zangiata District) Tashkent 41°13′56″N 69°15′56″E / 41.23222°N 69.26556°E / 41.23222; 69.26556

Other subnational

Enclaves which are not exclaves

Lesotho (shown in green) is completely surrounded by South Africa.

See also: List of countries that border only one other country

National level

Some enclaves are sovereign states, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not exclaves. Three such sovereign countries exist:

Name Area (km2) Enclaved by Coordinates Notes
 Lesotho 30,355  South Africa 29°36′S 28°18′E / 29.6°S 28.3°E / -29.6; 28.3
 San Marino 61.2  Italy 43°56′30″N 12°27′30″E / 43.94167°N 12.45833°E / 43.94167; 12.45833
 Vatican City 0.44  Italy (Metropolitan City of Rome Capital – Rome) 41°54′N 12°27′E / 41.900°N 12.450°E / 41.900; 12.450

First-order subnational level

Name Area (km2) Parent Country Enclaved by Coordinates Notes
Australian Capital Territory 2358  Australia New South Wales 35°30′S 149°00′E / 35.5°S 149°E / -35.5; 149
Vienna 414.65  Austria Lower Austria 48°13′N 16°24′E / 48.217°N 16.400°E / 48.217; 16.400 Vienna was the capital of Lower Austria until 1922, when it became a province of its own. Between 1922 and 1986, Lower Austria did not have its own capital, and the province's administration had its seat in Vienna.
Mingachevir 47  Azerbaijan Yevlakh District 40°45′N 46°59′E / 40.750°N 46.983°E / 40.750; 46.983
Naftalan 3.57263  Azerbaijan Goranboy District 40°30.5′N 46°49′E / 40.5083°N 46.817°E / 40.5083; 46.817
Shaki 9  Azerbaijan Shaki District 41°12′N 47°10.1′E / 41.200°N 47.1683°E / 41.200; 47.1683
Khankendi/Stepanakert 29.12  Azerbaijan Khojaly District/Askeran Province 39°49.3′N 46°45.3′E / 39.8217°N 46.7550°E / 39.8217; 46.7550 in Nagorno-Karabakh
Yevlakh 95  Azerbaijan Yevlakh District 40°36.8′N 47°8.5′E / 40.6133°N 47.1417°E / 40.6133; 47.1417
Brussels 161.38  Belgium Flemish Region (Flemish Brabant) 50°50′N 4°22′E / 50.833°N 4.367°E / 50.833; 4.367
Phnom Penh 678.46  Cambodia Kandal Province 11°33.5′N 104°52.5′E / 11.5583°N 104.8750°E / 11.5583; 104.8750
Prague 496  Czech Republic Central Bohemian Region 50°4′N 14°28′E / 50.067°N 14.467°E / 50.067; 14.467 City serves as Region's capital
Frederiksberg 8.7  Denmark Copenhagen 55°40.9′N 12°31.5′E / 55.6817°N 12.5250°E / 55.6817; 12.5250
Addis Ababa 527  Ethiopia Oromia Region 8°59′N 38°47.5′E / 8.983°N 38.7917°E / 8.983; 38.7917
Harari Region 334  Ethiopia Oromia Region (East Hararghe Zone) 9°17′N 42°11′E / 9.283°N 42.183°E / 9.283; 42.183
Berlin 891.7  Germany Brandenburg 52°30′N 13°24′E / 52.5°N 13.4°E / 52.5; 13.4
Budapest 525.2  Hungary Pest County 47°30′N 19°06′E / 47.5°N 19.1°E / 47.5; 19.1 City serves as County's capital.
Almaty 682  Kazakhstan Almaty Province 43°17′N 76°56′E / 43.283°N 76.933°E / 43.283; 76.933
Astana 710.2  Kazakhstan Akmola Province 51°11.3′N 71°26.2′E / 51.1883°N 71.4367°E / 51.1883; 71.4367
Baikonur 57  Kazakhstan Kyzylorda Province 45°52′N 63°20′E / 45.867°N 63.333°E / 45.867; 63.333
Bishkek 127  Kyrgyzstan Chuy Province 42°53′N 74°36′E / 42.883°N 74.600°E / 42.883; 74.600
Daugavpils 72.48  Latvia Daugavpils Municipality 55°53.4′N 26°32.9′E / 55.8900°N 26.5483°E / 55.8900; 26.5483 City serves as Municipality's capital
Rēzekne 17.48  Latvia Rēzekne Municipality 56°30.6′N 27°20.5′E / 56.5100°N 27.3417°E / 56.5100; 27.3417 City serves as Municipality's capital
Kuala Lumpur 243  Malaysia Selangor 3°8.6′N 101°41′E / 3.1433°N 101.683°E / 3.1433; 101.683
Putrajaya 49  Malaysia Selangor (Sepang) 2°55.8′N 101°41.5′E / 2.9300°N 101.6917°E / 2.9300; 101.6917
Bamako 245  Mali Koulikoro Region (Kati Cercle) 12°37′N 7°59′W / 12.617°N 7.983°W / 12.617; -7.983
Darkhan-Uul Province 3275  Mongolia Selenge Province 49°22′N 106°18′E / 49.367°N 106.300°E / 49.367; 106.300
Niamey 239.3  Niger Tillabéri Region 13°31.2′N 2°6.5′E / 13.5200°N 2.1083°E / 13.5200; 2.1083
Taipei 271.8  Taiwan New Taipei City 25°5′N 121°33′E / 25.083°N 121.550°E / 25.083; 121.550
Bucharest 228  Romania Ilfov County 44°26′N 26°6′E / 44.433°N 26.100°E / 44.433; 26.100
Adygea 7600  Russia Krasnodar Krai 44°36′N 40°00′E / 44.6°N 40°E / 44.6; 40
Gwangju 501.24  South Korea South Jeolla Province 35°9′N 126°50′E / 35.150°N 126.833°E / 35.150; 126.833
Damascus Governorate 1599  Syria Rif Dimashq Governorate 33°30′N 36°22′E / 33.500°N 36.367°E / 33.500; 36.367
Dushanbe 124.6  Tajikistan Districts of Republican Subordination 38°33.6′N 68°45.9′E / 38.5600°N 68.7650°E / 38.5600; 68.7650 City serves as Region's capital
Arima 12  Trinidad and Tobago Tunapuna-Piarco Regional Corporation 10°37.9′N 61°16.6′W / 10.6317°N 61.2767°W / 10.6317; -61.2767
Kiev 839  Ukraine Kiev Oblast 50°26′N 30°32′E / 50.433°N 30.533°E / 50.433; 30.533 City serves as Oblast's capital
Amanat Al Asimah Governorate 126  Yemen Sana'a Governorate 15°25′N 44°14′E / 15.417°N 44.233°E / 15.417; 44.233 City of Sana'a serves as capital of both Governorates

Other subnational

County Enclaved borough Enclaved within County Enclaved borough Enclaved within
Burlington Fieldsboro Bordentown Township Monmouth Freehold Borough Freehold Township
Burlington Medford Lakes Medford Township Morris Morristown Morris Township
Burlington Pemberton Pemberton Township Morris Chester Borough Chester Township
Gloucester Swedesboro Woolwich Township Ocean Lakehurst Manchester Township
Hunterdon Flemington Raritan Township Ocean Lavallette Toms River Township
Hunterdon Lebanon Clinton Township Ocean Ocean Gate Berkeley Township
Mercer Hopewell Hopewell Township Ocean Tuckerton Little Egg Harbor Township
Mercer Pennington Hopewell Township Salem Woodstown Pilesgrove Township
Mercer Hightstown East Windsor Township Sussex Branchville Frankford Township
Middlesex Jamesburg Monroe Township Sussex Sussex[56] Wantage Township
Middlesex Metuchen Edison Township Warren Alpha Pohatcong Township
Monmouth Englishtown Manalapan Township Warren Washington Washington Township
Monmouth Farmingdale Howell Township

Exclaves which are not enclaves

National level

To be a true exclave, all potential paths of travel from the exclave to the main region must cross over the territory only of a different region or regions having the equivalent governmental administrative level.

Name Area (km2) Exclave of Coordinates Notes
Nakhichivan Autonomous Republic 5500  Azerbaijan 39°20′N 45°30′E / 39.333°N 45.500°E / 39.333; 45.500 Bounded by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey
Strovilia (de facto)  Cyprus 35°05′42″N 33°54′00″E / 35.095°N 33.900°E / 35.095; 33.900 Borders the British Sovereign Base Area (SBA) of Dhekelia and the de facto independent Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which is unrecognized internationally. The TRNC has occupied and controlled the exclave; on 30 June 2000 the TRNC unilaterally absorbed it, despite United Nations condemnation and lack of recognition.
~235  Honduras 13°5′N 87°46′W / 13.083°N 87.767°W / 13.083; -87.767 Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua border the Gulf of Fonseca, a closed sea under international law. Each enjoys a 3-nautical mile littoral zone of sovereignty along its shores and islands in the gulf. The remaining water area in the gulf comprises a tridominium that is shared in common among all three nations. The littoral zones abut each other in a way that forms two separate areas of tridominium waters in the gulf. The eastern area is bordered by the zones of all three countries. The larger western area is bordered only by the waters of El Salvador and Nicaragua and the closing line of the gulf, such that one cannot travel within the gulf from Honduras to the enclosed western area except by passing through El Salvadoran and Nicaraguan waters. Therefore, the western water area is an exclave of Honduras that is shared territorially with two other countries.[64][65][66] All three nations are "entitled outside the closing line to territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. Whether this situation should remain in being or be replaced by a division and delimitation into three separate zones is, as inside the Gulf also, a matter for the three States to decide."[65]
High Seas ~168,000  International waters 57°6′N 179°4′W / 57.100°N 179.067°W / 57.100; -179.067 Surrounded by the EEZs of Russia and the United States (Alaska).[67]
High Seas  International waters 71°38′N 3°40′E / 71.633°N 3.667°E / 71.633; 3.667 Surrounded by the EEZs of Norway (including Svalbard), Faeroe Islands, Greenland, Jan Mayen (Norway) and Iceland
"Eastern Gap", High Seas ~20,000  International waters 25°41′N 87°01′W / 25.683°N 87.017°W / 25.683; -87.017 Surrounded by the EEZs of Mexico (EEZ defined by Cape Catoche and Scorpion Reef in the Gulf of Mexico), USA (EEZ defined by Loggerhead Key and the Gulf coast) and Cuba (EEZ extends northwest from Cayo Ines de Soto)[68]
High Seas  International waters 12°31′S 53°46′E / 12.517°S 53.767°E / -12.517; 53.767 Surrounded by the EEZs of Mauritius (Agalega Islands), Tromelin Island (France), Madagascar and Seychelles (Farquhar Atoll)
High Seas  International waters 16°4′N 116°14′E / 16.067°N 116.233°E / 16.067; 116.233 In the South China Sea, the EEZs that are defined by Taiwan (Pratas Reef), the Philippines (Luzon Island and Cabra I.), the Spratly Islands of Dao Dinh Ba and Flat Island, and the Paracel Island of Dao Hoang Sa enclose an exclave. National sovereignty over many of the Spratly and Paracel Islands in the South China Sea is disputed. Hence, depending upon the claims involved, this exclave may be considered as being created by the EEZs of Taiwan and the Philippines, or by the EEZs of Taiwan, the Philippines and Viet Nam, or by the EEZs of Taiwan and mainland China, or by the EEZ of mainland China alone.
High Seas  International waters 14°7′S 158°35′W / 14.117°S 158.583°W / -14.117; -158.583 Surrounded by the EEZs of French Polynesia, Cook Islands and Kiribati
High Seas  International waters 15°16′S 173°0′E / 15.267°S 173.000°E / -15.267; 173.000 Surrounded by the EEZs of Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and Fiji
High Seas  International waters 2°43′N 142°53′E / 2.717°N 142.883°E / 2.717; 142.883 Surrounded by the EEZs of Palau, Micronesia, Indonesia and Papua-New Guinea
High Seas  International waters 15°26′N 133°0′E / 15.433°N 133.000°E / 15.433; 133.000 Surrounded by the EEZs of Japan (outer islands, including Okino-tori-shima), Palau, the Philippines, Northern Marianas Islands and Micronesia
High Seas  International waters 5°0′S 166°10′E / 5.000°S 166.167°E / -5.000; 166.167 Surrounded by the EEZs of Nauru, Tuvalu, Micronesia, Northern Marianas Islands, Papua-New Guinea, Fiji, Kiribati and the Solomon Islands
"Western Gap", High Seas 17,467  International waters 25°39′N 92°46′W / 25.650°N 92.767°W / 25.650; -92.767 Surrounded by the EEZs of Mexico (EEZ defined by Scorpion Reef and Cayo Arenas in the Gulf of Mexico) and the United States (EEZ defined by the Gulf of Mexico coast, including Wolf Island (south of Freeport, Texas, and Raccoon Island, Louisiana)) – This exclave no longer exists per se. In areas with natural resource deposits on the continental shelf, the UNCLOS allows nations to claim territory beyond the EEZ to a maximum of 350 NM. On 9 June 2000, the U.S. and Mexico divided the Western Gap by a line equidistant from both countries' coastlines. The new boundary divided the Western Gap, giving 38% of the area (6562 km2) to the U.S. and 62% to Mexico (10,905 km2).[68]

First-order subnational level

Name Area (km2) Parent Country Exclave of Coordinates Notes
Lienz District 2016.41  Austria Tyrol 46°54′06.2″N 12°32′47.2″E / 46.901722°N 12.546444°E / 46.901722; 12.546444 The transfer of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol to Italy after World War I left the county of Tyrol in two parts.
north of the village of Zöhrabkənd[69]  Azerbaijan Quba Rayon 41°01′11″N 48°51′37″E / 41.01972°N 48.86028°E / 41.01972; 48.86028 Surrounded by Şabran Rayon and Siyəzən Rayon.[34]
includes Yalavanc[70]  Azerbaijan Quba Rayon 41°15′N 49°4.5′E / 41.250°N 49.0750°E / 41.250; 49.0750 Surrounded by Şabran Rayon and Siyəzən Rayon.[34]
includes the villages of Vladimirovka and Astarxanovka[71]  Azerbaijan Oğuz Rayon 40°46′19″N 47°34′45″E / 40.77194°N 47.57917°E / 40.77194; 47.57917 Surrounded by Şəki Rayon, Ağdaş Rayon and Qəbələ Rayon.[34]
Voeren (Fourons) 50.63  Belgium Flemish Region and Flemish Community (province of Limburg — Arrondissement of Tongeren) 50°44′53.4″N 5°48′19.8″E / 50.748167°N 5.805500°E / 50.748167; 5.805500
Comines-Warneton (Komen-Waasten) 61.09  Belgium Wallonia and French Community (province of Hainaut — Arrondissement of Mouscron) 50°44′59.3″N 2°55′44.4″E / 50.749806°N 2.929000°E / 50.749806; 2.929000
• Belgian Eifel and • Land of Eupen 628.84 and 224.80  Belgium German Speaking Community 50°20′25.7″N 6°11′58.7″E / 50.340472°N 6.199639°E / 50.340472; 6.199639
50°38′48.1″N 6°06′02.8″E / 50.646694°N 6.100778°E / 50.646694; 6.100778		 The two parts are separated by a part of the French Community.
Odžak 118  Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Posavina Canton) 45°04′07.0″N 18°19′35.5″E / 45.068611°N 18.326528°E / 45.068611; 18.326528 Sandwiched between Republika Srpska and Croatia. The rest of Posavina Canton also borders Brčko District, which is a condominium of FBiH and Republika Srpska.
contains Xianghe County, Sanhe City, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County 1277  China Hebei province — (prefecture-level city of Langfang) 39°52′10.7″N 117°02′30.5″E / 39.869639°N 117.041806°E / 39.869639; 117.041806 Lodged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
 Iceland Ásahreppur 63°52′11.1″N 20°35′51.7″W / 63.869750°N 20.597694°W / 63.869750; -20.597694
(2 parcels)  Iceland Kópavogur 64°00′49.2″N 21°42′39.0″W / 64.013667°N 21.710833°W / 64.013667; -21.710833
64°03′24.8″N 21°35′41.2″W / 64.056889°N 21.594778°W / 64.056889; -21.594778
• Kitayama Village and • Kumanogawa Town 48.21 and 175.47  Japan Wakayama Prefecture 33°57′46.0″N 135°57′09.0″E / 33.962778°N 135.952500°E / 33.962778; 135.952500
33°53′34.9″N 135°52′42.9″E / 33.893028°N 135.878583°E / 33.893028; 135.878583		 in the border between Mie and Nara prefectures
• Drusti parish and • Rauna parish 156.7 and 152.4  Latvia Rauna Municipality 57°13′54″N 25°51′08″E / 57.23167°N 25.85222°E / 57.23167; 25.85222
57°19′53″N 25°36′47″E / 57.33139°N 25.61306°E / 57.33139; 25.61306
 Latvia Olaine Municipality (Olaine parish) 56°42′13.1″N 24°07′59.3″E / 56.703639°N 24.133139°E / 56.703639; 24.133139
• Gapfahl and • Guschgfiel/Matta/Güschgle  Liechtenstein Balzers 47°04′46.9″N 9°34′26.6″E / 47.079694°N 9.574056°E / 47.079694; 9.574056
47°08′32.1″N 9°36′46.3″E / 47.142250°N 9.612861°E / 47.142250; 9.612861
Rheinau–Tentscha  Liechtenstein Eschen 47°11′32.4″N 9°29′34.3″E / 47.192333°N 9.492861°E / 47.192333; 9.492861
Nendler Berg  Liechtenstein Gamprin 47°11′46.7″N 9°33′24.5″E / 47.196306°N 9.556806°E / 47.196306; 9.556806
• Riet, • Plankner Neugrütt (western part), and • Plankner Garselli  Liechtenstein Planken 47°11′27.3″N 9°31′52.0″E / 47.190917°N 9.531111°E / 47.190917; 9.531111
47°11′10.2″N 9°33′25.6″E / 47.186167°N 9.557111°E / 47.186167; 9.557111
47°09′56.2″N 9°34′43.2″E / 47.165611°N 9.578667°E / 47.165611; 9.578667		 A fourth exclave is also an enclave (listed above)
• Plankner Neugrütt (eastern part), • Gritsch, and • Guschg  Liechtenstein Schaan 47°11′10.2″N 9°33′37.2″E / 47.186167°N 9.560333°E / 47.186167; 9.560333
47°04′35.0″N 9°36′15.8″E / 47.076389°N 9.604389°E / 47.076389; 9.604389
47°07′29.5″N 9°35′50.4″E / 47.124861°N 9.597333°E / 47.124861; 9.597333		 A fourth exclave is also an enclave (listed above)
Turna und Sareis  Liechtenstein Triesenberg 47°05′48.5″N 9°37′19.4″E / 47.096806°N 9.622056°E / 47.096806; 9.622056
• Vaduzer Riet, • Dachsegg, • Hindervalorsch, and • Pradamee-Hahnenspiel  Liechtenstein Vaduz 47°11′16.6″N 9°30′41.9″E / 47.187944°N 9.511639°E / 47.187944; 9.511639
47°11′20.5″N 9°33′17.2″E / 47.189028°N 9.554778°E / 47.189028; 9.554778
47°08′01.9″N 9°36′06.2″E / 47.133861°N 9.601722°E / 47.133861; 9.601722
47°05′57.7″N 9°35′52.9″E / 47.099361°N 9.598028°E / 47.099361; 9.598028		 An additional two exclaves are also enclaves (listed above)
Alexandru Ioan Cuza  Moldova Cahul District 45°37′26.6″N 28°29′12.9″E / 45.624056°N 28.486917°E / 45.624056; 28.486917
contains Tvardița and Valea Perjei  Moldova Taraclia District 46°06′28.5″N 28°56′37.3″E / 46.107917°N 28.943694°E / 46.107917; 28.943694
• Vulcănești, • Copceac and • Carbalia  Moldova Gagauzia 45°37′32.4″N 28°23′16.4″E / 45.625667°N 28.387889°E / 45.625667; 28.387889
45°50′41.7″N 28°39′42.7″E / 45.844917°N 28.661861°E / 45.844917; 28.661861
45°52′48.7″N 28°26′43.5″E / 45.880194°N 28.445417°E / 45.880194; 28.445417
(comprising five communes)  Moldova Criuleni District 47°03′48.0″N 29°08′31.7″E / 47.063333°N 29.142139°E / 47.063333; 29.142139
(2 parcels)  Moldova Dubăsari District 47°09′19.0″N 29°09′28.6″E / 47.155278°N 29.157944°E / 47.155278; 29.157944
47°13′44.0″N 29°15′55.4″E / 47.228889°N 29.265389°E / 47.228889; 29.265389		 Separated by the Transnistrian controlled Dubăsari District. Transnistria is de facto independent, but not recognized by any member states of the United Nations.
Viguí corregimiento 59.6  Panama Veraguas Province (Las Palmas District) 8°18′00″N 81°30′00″W / 8.3000°N 81.5000°W / 8.3000; -81.5000 Surrounded by Müna [es] and Ñürüm [es] districts of Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca, Tolé District of Chiriquí Province, and Cañazas District of Veraguas Province
Justo Fidel Palacios corregimiento 25.8  Panama Chiriquí Province (Tolé District) 8°20′26.8″N 81°31′52.0″W / 8.340778°N 81.531111°W / 8.340778; -81.531111 Bounded by Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca (Müna [es]) and Veraguas Province (Las Palmas District)
Yablonovka  Russia Chuvashia (Shemurshinsky District) 54°40′40.1″N 47°19′58.8″E / 54.677806°N 47.333000°E / 54.677806; 47.333000 bordering on Tatarstan and Ulyanovsk Oblast
 Russia Mordovia (Tengushevsky District) 54°52′N 42°27′E / 54.867°N 42.450°E / 54.867; 42.450 bounded by Ryazan Oblast and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
 Russia Ryazan Oblast (Yermishinsky District) 54°46′27″N 42°28′20″E / 54.77417°N 42.47222°E / 54.77417; 42.47222 bounded by Mordovia and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.
Rincón de Ademuz 370.22  Spain Valencian Community (Province of Valencia) 40°04′49″N 1°17′07″W / 40.0802°N 1.2854°W / 40.0802; -1.2854 between the provinces of Teruel in Aragon and Cuenca in Castile-La Mancha
Oberegg District (2 parcels)   Switzerland Appenzell Innerrhoden 47°24′52.5″N 9°32′30.4″E / 47.414583°N 9.541778°E / 47.414583; 9.541778
47°25′37.3″N 9°34′59.4″E / 47.427028°N 9.583167°E / 47.427028; 9.583167		 bounded by Appenzell Ausserrhoden and St. Gallen
Clavaleyres 1.01   Switzerland Canton of Bern (Bern-Mittelland) 46°53′53.0″N 7°05′31.3″E / 46.898056°N 7.092028°E / 46.898056; 7.092028 Surrounded by Fribourg and Vaud's exclave. (The secession of the new canton of Jura in 1979 left Bern temporarily with another exclave, Laufental, bounded by Jura, Solothurn, Basel-Landschaft and France. Laufental joined Basel-Landschaft in 1994.)
Engelberg 74.85   Switzerland Obwalden 46°49′17.8″N 8°25′56.2″E / 46.821611°N 8.432278°E / 46.821611; 8.432278 separated by Nidwalden and Bern
• Stein District and • part of Schaffhausen District 31.25 and 11.53   Switzerland Canton of Schaffhausen 47°34′51.8″N 8°33′31.7″E / 47.581056°N 8.558806°E / 47.581056; 8.558806
47°41′33.0″N 8°49′44.9″E / 47.692500°N 8.829139°E / 47.692500; 8.829139		 The only canton lying mostly on the north bank of the Rhine, it is cut into three parts by German corridors to the Rhine. The middle part is the largest and embraces the German enclave of Büsingen. The upper and middle parts border on Thurgau, the middle and lower parts on Zürich.
• Kleinlützel, Thierstein District and • part of Dorneck District 16.34 and 25.69   Switzerland Canton of Solothurn 47°25′34.2″N 7°25′02.5″E / 47.426167°N 7.417361°E / 47.426167; 7.417361
47°28′29.7″N 7°29′23.2″E / 47.474917°N 7.489778°E / 47.474917; 7.489778		 both bounded on the south by Basel-Landschaft and on the north by France
the former Avenches District 59.91   Switzerland Vaud (Broye-Vully District) 46°55′21.6″N 7°01′36.7″E / 46.922667°N 7.026861°E / 46.922667; 7.026861 separated by the Canton of Fribourg
Hatta 140  United Arab Emirates Emirate of Dubai 24°47′53.9″N 56°08′47.6″E / 24.798306°N 56.146556°E / 24.798306; 56.146556
• Masfut and • Manama  United Arab Emirates Emirate of Ajman 24°49′36.4″N 56°03′32.5″E / 24.826778°N 56.059028°E / 24.826778; 56.059028
25°18′48.5″N 55°59′22.9″E / 25.313472°N 55.989694°E / 25.313472; 55.989694
the southerly of the emirate's two non-contiguous sections  United Arab Emirates Ras al-Khaimah 25°02′48.8″N 56°04′44.2″E / 25.046889°N 56.078944°E / 25.046889; 56.078944
Kentucky Bend 69.6  United States Kentucky (Fulton County) 36°31′46″N 89°30′13″W / 36.529502°N 89.503555°W / 36.529502; -89.503555 Located inside a loop of the Mississippi River. The only road in the area goes south into Tennessee. This exclave exists because the Mississippi, which forms the boundary between Missouri (right bank) and Kentucky/Tennessee (left bank), crosses latitude 36°30', which defines part of the border between Kentucky and Tennessee, three times.

Other subnational

Administrative divisions of Liechtenstein
St. Martin Parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana, shown here, is divided into two non-contiguous areas separated by Iberia Parish.
O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania is divided into five non-contiguous areas.
South Hackensack, New Jersey is divided into three non-contiguous areas.
Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan is divided into three non-contiguous areas.

Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves

Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border, would otherwise be enclaves or exclaves.[3]: 12–14 [74]: 116  Semi-enclaves can exist as independent states that border only one other state. Vinokurov (2007) declares, "Technically, Portugal, Denmark, and Canada also border only one foreign state, but they are not enclosed in the geographical, political, or economic sense. They have vast access to international waters. At the same time, there are states that, although in possession of sea access, are still enclosed by the territories of a foreign state."[3]: 14  Therefore, Vinokurov applies a quantitative principle: the land boundary must be longer than the coastline. Thus he classifies a state as a sovereign semi-enclave if it borders on just one state, and its land boundary is longer than its sea coastline.[3]: 14, 20–22  Vinokurov affirms that "no similar quantitative criterion is needed to define the scope of non-sovereign semi-enclaves/exclaves."[3]: 14, 26 [75]

Sovereign semi-enclaves

Non-sovereign semi-enclaves

Non-sovereign semi-exclaves

Pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)

A pene-exclave is a part of the territory of one country that can be approached conveniently — in particular by wheeled traffic — only through the territory of another country.[77]: 283  Such areas are enclaves or exclaves for practical purposes, without meeting the strict definition; hence they are also called functional enclaves or practical enclaves.[3]: 31  Many pene-exclaves partially border their own territorial waters (i.e., they are not surrounded by other nations' territorial waters). A pene-enclave can also exist entirely on land, such as when intervening mountains render a territory inaccessible from other parts of a country except through alien territory. Thus, a pene-exclave has land borders with other territory but is not completely surrounded by the other's land or territorial waters. They can exhibit continuity of state territory across territorial waters but, nevertheless, a discontinuity on land, such as in the case of Point Roberts.[3]: 47  Along rivers that change course, pene-enclaves can be observed as complexes comprising many small pene-enclaves.[3]: 50  Attribution of a pene-enclave status to a territory can sometimes be disputed, depending on whether the territory is considered to be practically inaccessible from the mainland or not.[3]: 33 

National level

Divided islands

Subnational pene-enclaves/exclaves (inaccessible districts)

Divided islands

Historic enclaves/exclaves

National level

Name[1] Area (km2) Exclave of Enclaved by Coordinates Notes
Indo-Bangladesh enclaves (91 parcels) 21.8  Bangladesh (Rangpur Division – Panchagarh, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat, and Kurigram districts)  India (West Bengal state – Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts) approx. 26°18′N 88°57′E / 26.300°N 88.950°E / 26.300; 88.950 All parcels were both enclaves and exclaves. 21 of the 91 former Bangladeshi exclaves were counter-enclaves. These 91 Bangladeshi enclaves were extinguished on 31 July 2015, when the long-delayed Land Boundary Agreement with India was implemented, leaving Dahagram-Angarpota as the only extant enclave.[99]
Indo-Bangladesh enclaves (106 parcels) 69.5  India (West Bengal state – Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts)  Bangladesh (Rangpur Division – Panchagarh, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat, and Kurigram districts) 26°9′0″N 88°45′44″E / 26.15000°N 88.76222°E / 26.15000; 88.76222 (former third-order enclave) All parcels were both enclaves and exclaves. Three of the 106 former Indian exclaves were counter-enclaves and one was the world's only counter-counter enclave. The 106 Indian exclaves were extinguished on 31 July 2015, when the long-delayed Land Boundary Agreement with Bangladesh was implemented.[99]
  • Forbidden City – The Xinhai Revolution led to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) in 1912. In exchange for the abdication of the last Qing emperor Puyi, the Qing court and the ROC government signed an agreement for the favourable treatment of the abdicated emperor. Puyi was allowed to retain his title as emperor and was accorded the courtesies as a foreign monarch by the ROC government, and the imperial court remained at the Forbidden City. The Dragon Flag of the Qing Dynasty remained hoisted inside the Forbidden City, certain government organs such as the Imperial Household Department, Imperial Clan Court and Ministry of Justice continued to exist within the palace walls, and the emperor continued to hold court, appoint officials and grant titles of nobility. Following the Beijing coup in 1924, the warlord Feng Yuxiang unilaterally revised the agreement, abolishing Puyi's title of emperor, his right to live in the Forbidden City and other related arrangements.
  • Unlike Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories that were added later constituted a pene-exclave of the United Kingdom from 1860/1898 until 1997. Kowloon south of Boundary Street was ceded in perpetuity, whereas the New Territories was turned over under a 99-year lease.
  • Kowloon Walled City was a counter-enclave belonging to China on the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong from 1898 to 1993. The question of jurisdiction led to a hands-off approach by Chinese and British authorities over the years until the quality of life became intolerable. A mutual decision to demolish the 2.6 hectares of structures was announced in 1987 and completed in 1994.
  • Kwang-Chou-Wan was a pene-exclave of France on the south coast of China from 1898, upon its lease to France by Qing China, until its return by France in 1946; its territory included the islands in the bay and land on both banks of the Maxie River, covering 1300 km² of land.
  • Kwantung was a pene-exclave of Russia and later Japan in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria that existed from 1898 to 1945 and included the ports of Port Arthur (or Ryojun) and Dal'niy (or Dairen), the latter founded in 1899. It was leased to Russia from 1898 until 1905, when Japan replaced Russia as leaseholder. After World War II, the Soviet Union occupied the territory in 1945, jointly administering it with the Chinese before turning it over to the People's Republic of China in 1955.
  • Jinzhou walled central city remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Kwantung under the lease with Russia. This provision was substantially ignored by Japan after it replaced Russia.[102]
  • Macao was a pene-exclave of Portugal on the coast of the South China Sea from 1557 until 1999.
  • Zhongshan Dao island in the Pearl River Delta was divided between China and Macao as a pair of pene-exclaves dating from ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1862 through the 1999 return of Macao to China.
  • Qingdao, with an area of 552 km², was a pene-exclave of Germany (also known as the Kiautschou Bay concession), and later Japan, from 1898 to 1922, adjacent to Jiaozhou Bay on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in East China. The village of Qingdao became the German colony of Tsingtau. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the Republic of China canceled the lease with Germany. Japan then occupied the city and province until December 1922, when it reverted to Chinese rule.
  • Shanghai was the location of British (from 1846) and American (from 1848) Concessions (later Shanghai International Settlement from 1863–1943) and the Shanghai French Concession from 1849–1946. Unlike the British sovereign colonies of Hong Kong Island and Wei-hai-wei, these foreign concessions always remained Chinese sovereign territory.
  • Wei-hai-wei was a pene-exclave of the United Kingdom that bordered the Yellow Sea in eastern Shandong province of China. The city was a British colony, known also as the Weihai Garrison and sometimes as Port Edward, from 1898 to 1 October 1930, when it was returned to China. Its current name is Weihai.
  • Wei-hai-wei walled central city was excluded from the leased territory and remained an enclave of Chinese territory within Wei-hai-wei.[103]
See also: List of former foreign enclaves in China
  • East Prussia (1919–1939), a German pene-exclave during the Weimar Republic, was separated from Germany after World War I, when Poland regained access to the Baltic Sea (Polish corridor). The territory of East Prussia (essentially the old Duchy of Prussia) is now divided into Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia, the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship in Poland, and Klaipėda County in Lithuania.
  • Hemmeres [de], (1922–1949), surrounded by Belgian territory, was the sixth and southernmost of the Vennbahn enclaves created in 1922; it contained five households.[3] The railway suffered severe damage during World War II and was not rebuilt. It ceased being an enclave when Belgium annexed the entirety in 1949. Hemmeres was reintegrated into West Germany on 28 August 1958, by an agreement with Belgium.
  • Jestetten is a German town in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg that was inaccessible except by traveling through Switzerland, until a connecting road was constructed.
  • Roetgener Wald [de] was two enclaves from 1949 to 1958. Unlike its present configuration, the German enclave in 1922 was smaller in area because the central portion (between Grenzweg and a boundary with three turning points west of the Schleebach stream) was Belgian territory.[104] Because the road connecting the two outer German portions (Highways 258/399) was German territory until 1949, the German land formed one enclave. The intersecting north-south road from Fringshaus to Konzen (now Highway B258, which has no connection to the Belgian road network[105]) was also part of the oddly shaped enclave. In 1949 Belgium annexed these roads, thus separating the enclave into two enclaves for the next nine years. In 1958 Belgium ceded the center section of territory to West Germany, in addition to returning the adjacent east-west connecting road.[106] This created one larger enclave in its present form. Highway B258 is the only portion of land that, once having been a part of the Roetgener Wald enclave, is now not within the enclave.
  • Belgium had a counter-enclave located near Fringshaus from 6 November 1922 until 23 April 1949, while Germany owned the connecting roads that were part of the Roetgener Wald enclave. These roads met at a traffic island north of Fringshaus, with the 2279 m2 island itself being a part of Belgium. This counter-enclave was extinguished in 1949 when Belgium annexed the German roads that intersected at the traffic island. In 1958, when Belgium returned the east-west road to Germany, this traffic island also became part of the Roetgener Wald enclave.
  • Verenahof was a German exclave within Switzerland until 1967, at which time its border became attached to Germany through a treaty implementing a land swap of a total of just under 1.06 km² in equal shares.[107]
  • West Berlin, upon the division of Berlin after World War II and before the reunification of Germany in 1990, was de facto a West German exclave within East Germany. Twelve small West Berlin land areas, such as Steinstücken, were in turn separated from the main body of West Berlin, some by only a few meters. In addition, there were several small areas of East Berlin that were surrounded by West Berlin. All of Berlin was ruled "de jure" by the four Allied powers; this meant that West Berlin could not send voting members to the German Parliament and that its citizens were exempt from conscription.
West Berlin exclaves:
  • Böttcherberg [de] (N) (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Böttcherberg (SE) (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Böttcherberg (SW) (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Erlengrund [de] (1949–1988) land connection to West Berlin established
  • Falkenhagener Wiese (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Fichtewiese [de] (1949–1988) land connection to West Berlin established
  • Finkenkrug (1949–1971) inhabited, to East Germany
  • Große Kuhlake (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Laßzins-Wiesen (1949–1988) to East Germany
  • Nuthewiesen [de]] (1949–1971) to East Germany
  • Steinstücken (1949–1971) inhabited, land connection to West Berlin established
  • Wüste Mark [de] (1949–1988) to East Germany
East Berlin exclaves:[108]
  • Eiskeller [de] (E) (1949–1990) dis-enclaved at re-unification
  • Eiskeller (N) (1949–1990) dis-enclaved at re-unification
  • Eiskeller (S) (1949–1990) dis-enclaved at re-unification
  • West-Staaken – de jure part of Soviet sector but de facto administered by Spandau Borough in the British sector; seized by East Germany in 1951 and made an exclave of East Berlin's Borough of Mitte, which it remained officially until being incorporated in 1961 by the neighboring town of Falkensee in non-Berlin East Germany.
  • Dadra and Nagar Haveli were enclaves inland from the Arabian Sea coast covering an area of 487 km². After invasion by pro-Indian Union forces in 1954, they achieved de facto independence from Portugal. They and three Portuguese pene-exclaves, the city of Goa and the two small coastal exclaves of Daman and Diu, were the last remnants of Portuguese India, which existed from 1505 until military conquest by India on 19 December 1961. (A 1956 map also shows a counter-enclave within Nagar Haveli belonging to Bombay.)
  • French India – Pondicherry and the other exclaves of Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon were absorbed into India de facto in 1954 and de jure in 1962 after the Algerian War. In 1761 the British captured all of them from the French (and also Chandannagar), but the Treaty of Paris (1763) returned them to France. Those possessions passed again to British control before finally being handed over to the French in 1816/1817 under the 1814 Treaty of Paris. Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahé and Yanaon came to be administered as the Union Territory of Puducherry in 1963. All four are now sub-national ex(en)claves within India.
  • Pondicherry, was the site of a trading center set up by the French East India Company in 1674, which eventually became the chief French settlement in India, after passing several times between Dutch, British and French control. It comprised 12 non-contiguous parts: three pene-exclaves on the Bay of Bengal and nine nearby true enclaves. Inside the main Pondicherry exclave was a small counter-enclave belonging to India straddling the Chunnambar River.
  • Mahé (or Mayyazhi), a small (9 km²) town, was a pene-exclave on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea from 1721. Mahé was composed of three non-contiguous parts, including Mahé town and two true enclaves: Cherukallayi and one consisting of Palloor, Chalakkara and Pandakkal.
  • Yanaon (or Yanam), a 30 km² pene-exclave in the delta of Godavari River, nine kilometers from the Coromandel Coast and Bay of Bengal. It was a Dutch colony before France overtook it in 1723 and made it a French colony.
  • Karaikal was a small coastal pene-exclave on the Bay of Bengal acquired by France in 1739 from the regime of Raja Pratap Singh of Tanjore. By 1760 it included 81 villages around Karaikal town.
  • Chandannagar was a small true enclave established as a French colony in 1673, located on the right bank of the Hooghly River 30 kilometers north of Kolkata. Bengal was then a province of the Mughal Empire. The British returned the city to France in 1816, along with a 7.8 km² nearby enclave. In May 1950, with French approval, India assumed de facto control, with the de jure transfer in June 1952. In 1955 it was integrated into West Bengal state.
  • Trincomalee was in present-day Sri Lanka (then a part of India) located on the Indian Ocean east coast of the island. By September 1782 it was occupied by the French after the Battle of Trincomalee with the British, only to be ceded back to the British in 1783.
  • Colón, an exclave of Panama from 1903 to July 27, 1939, was surrounded by the U.S. Panama Canal Zone, until a treaty provision connected it to the main part of Panama via a corridor.[3]
  • Panama City and the tip of Paitilla Point from 1903 to February 11, 1915, were pene-enclaves surrounded by the U.S. Panama Canal Zone and the Pacific Ocean. Maps of the Canal Zone dated before 1923 clearly show these borders.[109][110][111][112] Maps dated 1924 and later show a changed border that re-connected Panama City with eastern Panama.[113]
  • When Madden Road was ceded to the U.S. by treaty on July 27, 1939, a Vennbahn-type Panamanian enclave was created that was bounded by Madden Road, the main Canal Zone boundary, and a contour line above Rio Chagres and Rio Chilibre. Another treaty that took effect on April 11, 1955, de-enclaved it.
  • Panama had a water enclave in Limon Bay from 1979 to December 31, 1999. It also had jurisdiction over one building within the U.S. Summit Naval Station from October 1991 until the transfer of the station to Panama on December 31, 1999.[114]
  • Bremen-Verden – states of the Holy Roman Empire bordering the North Sea; in "personal union with Sweden" until 1712, when they fell under Danish occupation in wartime.
  • Swedish Pomerania – a state on the Baltic coast in present-day Germany and Poland; a small part was ceded to Prussia following war in 1720 and the entirety in 1815 during the Congress of Vienna.
  • town of Wismar – town in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea; transferred to Germany in 1903 when Sweden renounced its claim.
Map of the heavily partitioned black homelands in South Africa at the end of apartheid in 1994
  • The tomb of Suleyman Shah (b. ca. 1178–d. 1236) was located in or near Qal'at Ja'bar in modern-day Syria; in accordance with the 1921 Treaty of Ankara, the tomb "shall remain, with its appurtenances, the property of Turkey, who may appoint guardians for it and may hoist the Turkish flag there." The treaty is silent regarding sovereignty of the 6.3 hectares of land on which the tomb rests. The tomb was relocated in 1973 prior to the creation of Lake Assad.
  • Ada Kaleh – Prior to the creation of modern Turkey, the Ottoman Empire held a small island in the Danube River surrounded by the waters of Romania, from at least the Berlin Treaty of 1878 until 1923 when, under the Treaty of Lausanne, Romania obtained sovereignty over it. It was submerged in 1970 by the construction of a hydroelectric plant, displacing up to 1000 residents.
  • Following the establishment of the Irish Free State, three deep water Treaty Ports at Berehaven, Queenstown (modern Cobh) and Lough Swilly were retained by the United Kingdom in accordance with the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 6 December 1921.[115] As part of the settlement of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in the 1930s, the ports were transferred to Ireland (the Free State's successor) in 1938 following agreements reached between the British and Irish Governments.
  • In 1625, King Charles I instituted the Order of the Baronets of Nova Scotia in an effort to colonize New Scotland, by offering the hereditary title, land ownership and power over new baronetcies in exchange for financing and materially supporting new settlements. Under Scots Law, Baronets "took seisin" by receiving symbolic "earth and stone" on the actual land, which was the feudal legal form of taking possession. However, to avoid a trans-Atlantic trip (and thus encourage applicants), the royal charter stated that "the realm of Nova Scotia, and original infeftment thereof, is holden of the kingdom of Scotland, and forms part of the County of Edinburgh." By royal decree, land in the courtyard at Edinburgh Castle was declared to be an integral part of Nova Scotia; thus, seisin at the castle was equivalent to seisin on the lands themselves.[116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] The ceremony of seisin was performed in the following years for 64 of the original Baronets. This decree has never been annulled, which fuels a belief that this enclave still exists as a tiny enclave of Canada within the grounds of the famous Scottish castle.
  • Horseshoe Reef (1850–1908) in Lake Erie consisted of underwater ledges of sunken rock near Buffalo, New York. Great Britain ceded a fraction of an acre of underwater land that was entirely surrounded by Canadian waters to the United States to construct a lighthouse.[126] A 1908 treaty mandated a new survey in order to shift the boundary to include the reef in U.S. waters.
  • The Captain Cook Monument at Kealakekua Bay and about 25 square feet (2.3 m2) of land around it in Hawaii, United States, the place where James Cook was killed in 1779, is owned by the United Kingdom.[127][128][129][130] An historian on the occasion of the 50th anniversary recorded in 1928 that the white stone "obelisk monument [was] erected to the memory of Captain Cook, about 1876, and on land deeded outright to the British Government by Princess Likelike, sister of King Kalakaua, about the same year, so that that square is absolute British Territory."[131] Hawaii was a sovereign nation at the time. According to a recent writer, "The land under the monument was deeded to the United Kingdom in 1877 and is considered as sovereign non-embassy land owned by the British Embassy in Washington DC. ... the Hawaiian State Parks agency maintained that as sovereign British territory it was the responsibility of the UK to maintain the site."[132]
  • Lake of the Woods – the American border with present-day Canada as defined under the 1783 Treaty of Paris and the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 inadvertently created two small maritime exclaves of the U.S. in Angle Inlet. The border depended on determining the northwesternmost point of the Lake of the Woods. Johann Tiarks' survey in 1825 placed its location at the edge of a pond on the Angle Inlet.[133] (A 1940 academic study documented the location of Tiarks' point, which is in the immediate vicinity of 49°23′51.324″N 95°9′12.20783″W / 49.39759000°N 95.1533910639°W / 49.39759000; -95.1533910639 (NAD83).[126]) In accordance with the 1818 treaty, the border ran south from this point to the 49th parallel. However, this line was "intersected at five points by the winding course of the boundary in the channel of the Northwest Angle Inlet; thus there were anomalously left two small areas of waters totaling two and a half acres belonging to the United States, yet entirely surrounded by Canadian waters."[126] They were centered at 49°23′10.7514″N 95°09′10.8″W / 49.386319833°N 95.153000°W / 49.386319833; -95.153000 and 49°23′17.5914″N 95°09′11.6994″W / 49.388219833°N 95.153249833°W / 49.388219833; -95.153249833. By treaty in 1925, the southernmost of these five intersecting points, 4785 ft. farther south than Tiarks' point, was adopted instead, which eliminated these exclaves.[126]
  • Panama Canal Zone, surrounded by Panama, the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, was an American pene-exclave from 1903 to 1 October 1979, when the entity was extinguished by treaty with Panama. After that date, the former Canal Zone land remaining under U.S. sovereignty, greatly reduced in area, was a pene-exclave until 31 December 1999, when total transfer to Panama was complete.
  • At El Cerro de Doscientos Pies ("200-Foot Hill"), 3.19 hectares of land in Panama near Las Minas Bay was annexed by the U.S. on 24 September 1928 and added to the Canal Zone.[134][135] This true enclave apparently existed until 1 October 1979.
  • On 1 October 1979, the day the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 took effect, most of the land within the former Canal Zone transferred to Panama. However, the treaty set aside many Canal Zone areas and facilities for transfer during the following 20 years. The treaty specifically categorized areas and facilities by name as "Military Areas of Coordination", "Defense Sites" and "Areas Subject to Separate Bilateral Agreement". These were to be transferred by the U.S. to Panama during certain time windows or simply by the end of the 243-month treaty period. On 1 October 1979, among the many such parcels so designated in the treaty, 35 emerged as true enclaves (surrounded entirely by land solely under Panamanian jurisdiction). In later years as other areas were turned over to Panama, nine more true enclaves emerged. Of these 44 true enclaves, 14 were related to military logistics, 7 were military communications sites, 5 Federal Aviation Administration facilities,[136] 5 military housing enclaves, 3 military base areas, 2 military research facilities, 2 parts of a bombing range, 4 secondary school parcels, 1 elementary school, and 1 hospital. At least 13 other parcels each were enclosed partly by land under the absolute jurisdiction of Panama and partly by an "Area of Civil Coordination" (housing), which under the treaty was subject to elements of both U.S. and Panamanian public law. In addition, the 1977 treaty designated numerous areas and individual facilities as "Canal Operating Areas" for joint U.S.-Panama ongoing operations by a commission. On the effective date of the treaty, many of these Canal Operating Areas, including Madden Dam, became newly surrounded by the territory of Panama. Just after noon local time on 31 December 1999, all former Canal Zone parcels of all types had come under the exclusive jurisdiction of Panama.[114][137][138][139][140][141]

Subnational historic enclaves/exclaves

  • The former municipality of Hinterhermsdorf [de] in Saxony was an exclave of the town of Sebnitz, being separated from it by the municipality of Kirnitzschtal, until Kirnitzschtal also became a part of Sebnitz.
  • Königsberg, located in the Lower Franconia region of present-day Bavaria, Germany, was an enclave within Bavaria, along with two small nearby enclaves, belonging to the Ernestine Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (which after 1825 also had five exclaves in Thuringia). In 1918 the post-monarchy duchy was split into two states, making Königsberg an exclave of the Free State of Saxe-Coburg. In 1920, the residents of that state voted to merge with the Free State of Bavaria, thus eliminating the three Bavarian enclaves.
  • Schmalkalden/Suhl – Just after World War I, this Prussian enclave within Thuringia was divided between the two Prussian provinces of Saxony and Hesse-Nassau (thus it was a composite enclave). The two entities of Schmalkalden and Suhl separately were exclaves of their respective Prussian provinces.[2]
  • Innumerable medieval enclaves
  • Yalova was an exclave of İstanbul until it gained provincial status in 1995.

Temporary enclaves or exclaves

Sometimes land is ceded temporarily to another country as a form of legal fiction.

Potential exclaves pending international resolution

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Whyte, Brendan (2004). "En Territoire Belge et à Quarante Centimètres de la Frontière" An historical and documentary study of the Belgian and Dutch enclaves of Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau. The University of Melbourne, School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies. ISBN 0-7340-3032-0.
  2. ^ a b Krogh, Jan. "Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: Enclaves and Exclaves". Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Vinokurov, Evgeny (2007). The Theory of Enclaves. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD.
  4. ^ "Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters". Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra. 1985. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
  5. ^ "Australian Enclaves off Papua, New Guinea (map)". Association of Canada Lands Surveyors. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Complete Files of Geographic Names for Geopolitical Areas from GNS". Toponymic information is based on the Geographic Names Database, containing official standard names approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names and maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. More information is available at the Maps and Geodata link at http://www.nga.mil. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency name, initials, and seal are protected by 10 United States Code Section 425. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  7. ^ a b c d e National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. "GeoNames WMS Viewer". Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  8. ^ "Tin Bigha corridor to remain open 24 hours". Bangla News 24. 6 September 2011. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2011. ((cite news)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Transit tumbles into Teesta abyss". bdnews24.com. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  10. ^ a b "Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Rejoinder, Republic of Colombia" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 18 June 2010. pp. 99–102. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-16. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Cartografía". www.cioh.org.co. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Kraul, Chris (20 November 2012). "Disputed islands belong to Colombia, court rules". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  13. ^ "Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia). Judgment" (PDF). International Court of Justice. (para. 37, 202). 19 November 2012. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  14. ^ Bekker, Pieter (15 January 2013). "The World Court Awards Sovereignty Over Several Islands in the Caribbean Sea to Colombia and Fixes a Single Maritime Boundary between Colombia and Nicaragua" (PDF). Insight (American Society of International Law). 17 (3). Retrieved 2018-01-06.
  15. ^ a b Cortes, Jorge (2003). Latin American Coral Reefs. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 283. ISBN 978-0444540256. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
  16. ^ Krogh, Jan. "Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: Enclave/exclave of Brezovica". Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  17. ^ "PCA CASE NO. 2012-04 IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION UNDER THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA, SIGNED ON 4 NOVEMBER 2009 between THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA and THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA (together, the "Parties") FINAL AWARD 29 June 2017". The Hague, Netherlands: Permanent Court of Arbitration. p. 182. Retrieved 2017-06-29. The Tribunal determines that, in these circumstances, area 7.1 forms part of the territory of Slovenia, and the boundary runs along Slovenia's cadastral limits. The Tribunal recognizes that the delimitation thus made on the basis of the cadastral limits is one of great complexity. The cadastral boundary creates numerous meanders and even enclaves.
  18. ^ "Slovenia wins battle with Croatia over high seas access". BBC News Services. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  19. ^ Bartholomew, John (1955). The Times Atlas of the World. Belgium, Plate 61, V. III (Map). Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston London. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  20. ^ Area based on this map using Google Maps area calculator tool [1]
  21. ^ Megoran, Nick Solly (24 May 2004). "To Survive, Villagers Buck Uzbek Border Controls". EurasiaNet. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
  22. ^ Megoran, Nick (15 Mar 2000). "Bad neighbors, bad fences". Asia Times Online. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
  23. ^ Gavrilis, George (22 Sep 2008). The Dynamics of Interstate Boundaries (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-0521898997.
  24. ^ "Kyrgyz In Exclave In Uzbekistan Want To Relocate To Kyrgyzstan". EurasiaNet. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 2014-03-15.
  25. ^ Azizov, Demir (18 Feb 2014). "Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan intensify work on delimitation and demarcation of state border". Retrieved 2014-03-15.
  26. ^ Борис ГОЛОВАНОВ (22 Feb 2002). "Продолжаются споры по линии прохождения узбеко-кыргызской границы. Неделимы Сох, Барак и Гавасай". Вечерний Бишкек. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
  27. ^ Krogh, Jan. "Jan S. Krogh's Geosite: United Arab Emirates". Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  28. ^ a b c "GeoHack - Batken Province". Retrieved 2013-02-20.
  29. ^ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. "Romanization Systems and Policies". Retrieved 2017-05-24.
  30. ^ "The 'Peanut Hole' in the Sea of Okhotsk" (PDF). Government of Canada. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
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  33. ^ "Azerbaycan Respublikasi, 2009 il". Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  34. ^ a b c d e f "Azerbaycan Respublikasinin (map)". 1999. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  35. ^ Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic. "GoMap Online Navigator". Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  36. ^ Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan Republic. "GoMap Online Navigator". Retrieved 2013-11-19.
  37. ^ "Provence-Hideaways".
  38. ^ Yoshida Ichiro. "Megubaru, Former British territory, India". Retrieved 2013-10-06.
  39. ^ Damao (Daman) 1954 (Topographic Map) original scale 1:250,000 (Map). 1956. Retrieved 2013-10-06. Portion of Navsari, Sheet NF 43-13, Series U502, U.S. Army Map Service compiled in 1954 and printed in 1956 (Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas Libraries)
  40. ^ "Puducherry Police, Map showing the existing Police Station limits". Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  41. ^ Krogh, Jan S. "Domestic enclaves/exclaves of Norway". Retrieved 2013-10-19.
  42. ^ "Law of the City of Moscow from May 5, 2010 № 17: On the General Plan of Moscow". Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-16. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning of the City of Moscow. "The general plan of the city of Moscow - Territorial planning documents". Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  44. ^ "Area of the planned deployment of federal and regional capital housing, (Map, grid 49)". Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  45. ^ "Refinement of the description of the borders of the city of Moscow and territories that make up the city of Moscow". Metropolitan Board of Solution. 29 May 2000. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  46. ^ "Symbols of the District". (click on "Границы поселка Акулово" to see map). Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  47. ^ "Рублевка против Москвы". 13 March 2012. Retrieved 2013-10-15.[permanent dead link]
  48. ^ Hudson County New Jersey Street Map. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008. ISBN 0-88097-763-9.
  49. ^ Verkuil, Paul R. (31 March 1997). "In the Supreme Court of the United States, October Term, 1996, State of NEW JERSEY v. State of NEW YORK, Final Report of the Special Master, Appendix F" (PDF). p. 14a. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  50. ^ Richard G. Castagna; Lawrence L. Thornton, John M. Tyrawski. GIS and Coastal Boundary Disputes: Where is Ellis Island?. ESRI. Retrieved 2013-11-16. "The New York portion of Ellis Island is landlocked, enclaved within New Jersey's territory."
  51. ^ Google Maps, showing Beijing International airport. https://goo.gl/maps/bWh86. The red-line highlights the exclave including Terminals 1 and 2. Terminal 3 is to the southeast of the exclave at the north end of the road loop seen there.
  52. ^ a b Art. 4, № 5 of Law № 142/85, from 18 November (law on the creation of municipalities)
  53. ^ a b Art. 6, № 1 of Law № 8/93, from 5 March (law on the creation of civil parishes)
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  55. ^ "Georgia Supreme Court hears arguments in Bibb-Monroe border war". Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2017. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ a b O'Dea, Colleen (March 23, 2014). "The List: Donuts, Holes, and Exclaves - New Jersey' Weird Geography". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
  57. ^ Salinas, Orlando (July 8, 2014). "Three voters in Radford will cost Montgomery County thousands of dollars". WDBJ. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-17. ((cite news)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  58. ^ "HB 575 2015-2016 Regular Session". www.legis.ga.gov. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  59. ^ "Urban Neighborhoods, Municipalities & Census-Designated Places: Jefferson County, Kentucky" (PDF). Louisville/Jefferson County Information Consortium. 2007-06-24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-12-03. Retrieved 2007-06-28. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Note that this map clearly marks the pre-merger boundaries of Louisville.
  60. ^ U.S. Census Bureau (2000). "Pennsylvania County Subdivision Outline Maps" (PDF).
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  63. ^ "Sunset Valley, Texas".
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  65. ^ a b (Court case). 1992 http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/75/6673.pdf. Retrieved 2012-10-07. ((cite book)): Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |litigants= ignored (help)
  66. ^ Huezo Urquilla, Luis Salvador (July 1993). La controversia fronteriza terrestre, insular y maritima entre El Salvador y Honduras, y Nicaragua como país interviniente (Thesis). Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, San Salvador, El Salvador. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
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  72. ^ "Question from ages ago: solved..." Retrieved 2013-10-19.
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  75. ^ Vinokurov (2007), p. 29, also refers to semi-exclaves as a type of "mere exclave with sea connection to the mainland."
  76. ^ "The Status of the Neutral Territory". Retrieved 2016-04-13.
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  78. ^ "Why Dubrovnik is a lonely outpost". The Economist Newspaper Limited. 1 July 2013. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
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  80. ^ "Statutory Instruments, S.I. No. 187 Of 2006, Roads Act 1993 (Classification Of National Roads), Order 2006". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
  81. ^ "Trosterud". geosite.jankrogh.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
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  83. ^ "Soviet military topographic maps 1:100000 (in Russian)". Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-06-04. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  84. ^ Laychuk, Riley (13 July 2016). "Manitoba boaters stunned by new cross-border rule". CBC News. Retrieved 2017-06-03. In fact, some of the boat docks for Canadian cabins sit on the U.S. side of the border.
  85. ^ "Exclave of the United States in North Dakota – Wikimapia". wikimapia.org. Retrieved 2015-08-28.
  86. ^ Hutchinson Township. North Dakota: Geo. A. Ogle & Co. 1910. p. 69. Retrieved 2018-01-06. ((cite book)): |work= ignored (help)
  87. ^ Jacobs, Frank. "516 – Northwest Angles: One Exclave May Hide Another". Big Think. The Big Think, Inc. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
  88. ^ "King Fahd Causeway: Border Station".
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  92. ^ "NDGIS North Dakota Hub Explorer". Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  93. ^ "Jervis Bay Territory Governance and Administration". Although the Jervis Bay Territory is not legally part of the Australian Capital Territory, the laws of the ACT apply, in so far as they are applicable and, providing they are not inconsistent with an Ordinance, in the Territory by virtue of the Jervis Bay Acceptance Act 1915. The Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
  94. ^ "Thingvellir National Park" (PDF).
  95. ^ Ali, Rauf (29 January 2001). "Enclaves In Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve". p. 3. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-21. ((cite web)): Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  96. ^ "USGS National Map Viewer". Retrieved 2013-08-19.
  97. ^ Jacobs, Frank (April 24, 2012). "One Island, Two Countries". The New York Times.
  98. ^ Lewis and Clark and Julia Butler Hansen National Wildlife Refuges Draft CCP/EIS Chapter 2. Alternatives, Goals, Objectives, and Strategies (PDF). Washington, DC: United States Fish and Wildlife Service. pp. 2–27. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  99. ^ a b Say goodbye to the weirdest border dispute in the world, Washington Post, August 1, 2015.
  100. ^ Bray, J. (1997). "Ladakhi and Bhutanese enclaves in Tibet". Recent Research on Ladakh. Proceedings of the 7th Colloquium of the International Association for Ladakh Studies. Bonn/St. Augustin, 12–15 June 1995. Ulmer Kulturantropologische Schriften. Universität Ulm.
  101. ^ Pranavananda, F.R.G.S. Swami (1950). Exploration in Tibet. University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India. p. 146.
  102. ^ "Enclave of Chinese territory in the Guandong: Jinzhou Castle Walled City (English translation)". Retrieved 2013-10-04.
  103. ^ "Enclave of Chinese territory in the Weihaiwei: Weihaiwei Castle Walled City (English translation)". Retrieved 2013-10-04.
  104. ^ Bartholomew, John (1955). "The Times Atlas of the World. Belgium, Plate 61, V. III". Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston London. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  105. ^ "Vennbahn: Bahnhof Konzen/Fringshaus". Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  106. ^ U.S. Department of State (30 June 1961). "International Boundary Study, Belgium-Germany Boundary" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  107. ^ "Contract between the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Republic of Germany" (PDF). Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  108. ^ "Berlin Exclaves". Retrieved 2013-05-02.
  109. ^ Johnston, T.B. (1912). "The Royal Atlas Of Modern Geography Exhibiting, In A Series Of Entirely Original And Authentic Maps, The Present Condition Of Geographical Discovery And Research In The Several Countries, Empires, And States Of The World By The Late Alexander Keith Johnston ... With Additions And Corrections To The Present Date ... With A Special Index To Each Map. A New Edition". W. & A.K. Johnston, Limited, Edinburgh & London. p. 58. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  110. ^ "Atlas Of The Mexican Conflict Containing Detailed Maps Showing the Territory Involved, Pertinent Statistics of Mexico and the United States, Summary of Recent Events in Mexico". Rand McNally & Company, Publishers, Chicago - New York, U.S.A. 1914. p. 11. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  111. ^ "London atlas series. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, also Panama. (with Panama Canal Zone). (with) Galapagos Islands, Colon". Edward Stanford, Ltd. Stanford's Geographical Establishment, Long Acre, W.C. London. 1922. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  112. ^ "Times survey atlas of the world. The West Indies. (with) Panama Canal. (with) Kingston. (with) Havana. (with) Jamaica. (with) Porto Rico. (with) Trinidad". The Edinburgh Geographical Institute, John Bartholomew & Co., London. 1922. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  113. ^ "Rand McNally & Co.'s Commercial Atlas Of America. Fifty-Fifth Edition". Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, U.S.A. 1924. pp. 592–593. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  114. ^ a b Ormsbee, William H. "PANAMA CANAL TREATY TRANSITION (OCTOBER 1979 - DECEMBER 1999)". Retrieved 2015-07-11.
  115. ^ "Documents on Irish Foreign Policy Series: Anglo-Irish Treaty: Text of". www.nationalarchives.ie. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  116. ^ Scotland. Sovereign (1625-1649: Charles I); William Alexander Earl of Stirling; Charles Rogers; Scotland. Sovereign (1567-1625: James VI) (1885). Rogers, Charles (ed.). The Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters, Relative to the Affairs of Scotland and Nova Scotia from 1615 to 1635, Volume 1. private circulation. p. xxi. The lands included in the baronies of New Scotland were resigned by Sir William Alexander into the hands of the king [Charles I], who re-granted them to the knights baronets. Thus the lands and titles were obtained directly from the sovereign. Infeftment, it was ruled, should be "expede" at the Castle of Edinburgh.((cite book)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  117. ^ Turnbull, William, ed. (1839). The Stirling Peerage. Trial of Alexander Humphrys or Alexander, Styling Himself Earl of Stirling. Edinburgh, Scotland: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 1–2. Before this charter was ratified by the Scots Parliament, his Majesty [James VI] died; when, in 1625, the grant was renewed by his successor [Charles I] in form of a Charter of Novodamus, proceeding upon the above narrative, and conceding, over and above, additional powers to Sir William Alexander. These charters are in the usual form of feudal conveyances employed by the law of Scotland, but erecting Nova Scotia into a Barony, and declaring sasine at the castle of Edinburgh to be equivalent to sasine on the lands themselves.
  118. ^ "Origin of the Baronetage of Scotland and Nova Scotia". The Scottish Journal of Topography, Antiquities, Traditions, &c. &c. I (8). Edinburgh, Scotland: Thomas George Stevenson: 115. October 23, 1847. As such like parties were not baronets of the colonising kind, and yet were desirous, no doubt, to take seisin of their purchased grants in Nova Scotia, old Sir William, always provident, had his remedy prepared. He had had it laid down in the formula of the charter, that "the realm of Nova Scotia, and original infeftment thereof, is holden of the kingdom of Scotland, and forms part of the County of Edinburgh." Argal, to take seisin and instruments of possession "on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh," formed a cure for every difficulty, and served the desired purpose as well as if the baronets had indulged in a trip to the actual site of their new possessions.
  119. ^ "The Baronetage and the New Committee". The Genealogical Magazine. 1. London, U.K.: Elliot Stock: 523. January 1898. The precept for the charter for each Baronet was granted in the name of Sir William Alexander, who surrendered to the Crown the respective portions of his Lordship of Nova Scotia to be attached to the Baronetcy with all rights of regality. The Baronets were allowed to take possession of their territory by deed of infeftment within the walls of Edinburgh Castle.
  120. ^ Laing, David, ed. (1867). Royal Letters, Charters, and Tracts, Relating to the Colonization of New Scotland, and the Institution of the Order of Knight Baronets of Nova Scotia. 1621-1638. Edinburgh, Scotland: G. Robb. p. 126. Had it been exacted ... that each Baronet, with a stated number of colonists, should take personal possession, it is certain the number of applicants would have been scanty indeed. To obviate this difficulty it was held, by a fiction of the law, that the usual legal form of taking possession by an instrument of seisin, or infeftment of lands on the other side of the Atlantic, should take place within the Castle of Edinburgh.
  121. ^ Fraser, Alexander (1922). "Nova Scotia, The Royal Charter of 1621 to Sir William Alexander (address)". Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute. XIV (1). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press: 14–15, 45. For the purpose of taking possession of his lands after the feudal fashion then prevailing, Nova Scotia was made a part of the county of Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh Castle the ceremony of Sasine was performed. … [excerpt of 1621 charter:] And we will, and grant, and, for ourselves and our successors, do decree and ordain, that one seisin, at this time, by the said Sir William, and his aforesaid, upon any part of the soil of the said lands and province above written, shall, in all time to come, stand, and be a sufficient seisin for the whole region, …
  122. ^ Cooper, John A.; Mowat, J. Gordan (September 1905). "Canada and Edinburgh Castle". The Canadian Magazine. 25 (5). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Ontario Publishing Company, Limited: 480. The colony was named New Scotland, and by a legal fiction, it was, for administrative purposes, connected with Edinburgh. In order to raise men to help found the colony, the King instituted the Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia. This hereditary title was given to gentlemen who arranged to send a certain number of men and to pay a certain amount of money to help to found the Plantation of New Scotland, …. The Order was instituted in 1625, the ceremony being held in the courtyard of Edinburgh Castle. By Royal Decree that place was declared to be an integral part of the new colony. This decree has never been annulled.
  123. ^ McGrail, Thomas H. (1940). Sir William Alexander, First Earl of Stirling: A biographical study. Oliver & Boyd. p. 91. To make this possible, since Nova Scotia was so distant, the King declared that sasine could be taken either in the new province or alternatively 'at the castle of Edinburgh as the most eminent and principal place of Scotland.'
  124. ^ MacKay, Janet (November 1993). "Founding of New Scotland (Nova Scotia)". Fifty Plus. 1. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada: Fifty Plus Outreach Association. Under Scots Law, Baronets "take sasine" by receiving symbolic "earth and stone" on the actual land. Part of Edinburgh Castle was deemed granted to Sir William as part of Nova Scotia. The Baronets were installed with "earth and stone" there while standing in Nova Scotia.
  125. ^ Fraser, Marie. "Baronets of Nova Scotia". Retrieved 2016-03-13. Baronets could receive their patents in Edinburgh rather than London, and an area of Edinburgh Castle was declared Nova Scotian territory for this purpose.
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References

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