This list shows the estimates of the number of casualties in the mutual massacres between Poles and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).
= Historian | = Political science | = Research group |
Author | Volhynia | Galicia | VOL+GAL | E. Poland | V+G+EP | Quotes / Sources / Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timothy Snyder | 50k | — | — | — | "Ukrainian partisans killed about fifty thousand Volhynian Poles and forced tens of thousands more to flee in 1943."[1] | |
Timothy Snyder | >40k | 10k | — | — | — | >40k in July '43, 10k is in March '44.[2] |
Timothy Snyder | 40-60k | 25k | — | 5k | — | "UPA killed forty to sixty thousand Polish Civilians in Volhynia in 1943." "This apparent change, ..., limited the death toll of Polish civilians to about twenty-five thousand in Galicia." "All told, in the Lublin and Rzeszow regions, Poles and Ukrainians killed about five thousand of the other's civilians in 1943-44."[3] |
Timothy Snyder | — | 5–10k | — | — | — | "Throughout spring 1944 [...] Polish preparations and Ukrainian warnings limited the deaths to perhaps 5,000–10,000"[4] |
Grzegorz Motyka | 40-60k | — | — | 6-8k | 80-100k | net is from '43 to '47.[clarify][5] |
Grzegorz Motyka | 40-60k | 30-40k | — | 6-8k | 100k | [6] |
Ivan Katchanovski | 35-60k | — | — | — | Katchanovski considers the lower bound 35k to be more likely;[7] cited Snyder (1999), Hryciuk (2001). | |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35-60k | — | — | — | [8] Cited by Katchanovski (2010), p. 7. | |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35.7-60k | — | — | — | — | [a] Cited by Kalischuk.[full citation needed] |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | — | 20–24k | — | — | — | [b][11] Cited by Kalischuk;[full citation needed] from 43 to 46; 8820 in '43-mid'44; "according to relevant contemporary Polish sources".[clarify] |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35.7-60k | 20-24k | — | — | — | [c] For Eastern Galicia "primary balance" relied on "fragmentary and often incomplete documentation" and witnesses' testimonies; 20-25k in 1941-1946 and 20-24k in 1943-1946. |
Paul Robert Magocsi | — | — | — | — | 50k | "among the more reasonable estimates"[13] |
Niall Ferguson | — | — | 60-80k | — | [14] Fergusson is citing other authors (which ones?) | |
John Paul Himka | — | — | [A] | — | "One of the things that emerged clearly from this discussion was that UPA and OUN were responsible for the murder of tens of thousands of Poles in Western Ukraine."[15] | |
Per Anders Rudling | 40-70k | — | — | 7k | "Most mainstream estimates give the number of Volhynian Polish victims [...] as 40,000–70,000, [...] In Poland, [...] with 7,000 Poles [killed]."[16] | |
Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe | — | — | 70-100k | — | — | [17][18] |
Ewa Siemaszko | 60k | 70k | 130k | 133k | [19] According to Rudling this is the most extensive study of the Polish casualties.[20] | |
Marek Jasiak | — | — | — | 60-70k | "In Podole, Volhynia, and Lublin".[verification needed][21] | |
Mikolaj Terles | 50k | 60-70k | 100-200k | — | [22] | |
KARTA | 35k | 29.8k | — | 6.5k | — | KARTA based mostly on: Siemaszko for Volhynia (documented number) and Czesław Blicharski for Tarnopol voivodsh.[23] Cited by Kalishchuk: here [24] |
Kataryna Wolczuk[25] | — | — | — | 60-100k | [26] Cited by Marples.[full citation needed] | |
Common communicate of PL and UKR historians.[clarification needed] | 50-60k | 20-25k | — | 5-6k | "Polish casualties acc. to Polish sources"[weasel words] [clarification needed][27] | |
Ryszard Torzecki | 30-40k | 30-40k | 10-20k[28] | 80-100k | [29] | |
IPN | 60-80k | — | — | — | "It is estimated that about 60, or even 80 thousand people of Polish nationality were murdered in Volhynia."[30] | |
Norman Davies | — | — | — | [B] | Estimate includes both Poles and Ukrainians killed by UPA.[31] | |
Czesław Partacz | — | — | — | 134-200k | [32] [verification needed] | |
Lucyna Kulińska | — | — | — | 150-200k | [33] [verification needed] | |
Anna M. Cienciala | — | — | 40-60k | "During WWII, the Bandera faction of the Ukrainian Insurrectionary Army (UPA) murdered 40,000–60,000 Poles living in the villages of former Volhynia and former East Galicia."[34] | ||
Pertti Ahonen, et al. | — | — | — | 100k | "The ethnic cleansing conducted by Ukrainian nationalists, discussed in chapter 2, killed about 100,000 Poles and made refugees out of another 300,000."[35] | |
George Liber | 25-70k | 20-70k | 50-100k | — | "Scholars in Poland, Ukraine, the United States, and Europe estimate that in 1943 and 1944 the members of the OUN-B and UPA killed between 25,000 to 70,000 Poles in Western Volhynia, and then another 20,000 to 70,000 in Eastern Galicia... between 50,000 to 100,000 Poles... died by violent means."[36] |
Table notes:
Author | Volhynia | Galicia | VOL+GAL | E. Poland | V+G+EP | Quotes / Sources / Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grzegorz Motyka | 2-3k | — | — | 8-12k | 10-20k | 1943–1947, The number for total includes those killed in Volhynia, Galicia, territories of present-day (eastern) Poland.[5] |
Grzegorz Motyka | 2-3k | 1-2k | — | 8-10k | 11-15k | 1943–1947; According to Motyka, numbers of Ukrainian casualties from hands of Poles >= 30k are "simply pulled out of thin air".[37] |
Per Anders Rudling | 20k | — | 11k | "Most mainstream estimates give the number of Volhynian Polish victims [...] compared with some 20,000 Ukrainians killed by Polish forces. In Poland, the situation was the reverse, with some 11,000 Ukrainians killed, [...]"[16] | ||
Paul Robert Magocsi | — | — | — | 20k | "among the more reasonable estimates"[13] | |
Timothy Snyder | 10k | — | — | "Over the course of 1943, perhaps ten thousand Ukrainian civilians were killed by Polish self-defence units, Soviet partisans, and German police."[38] | ||
Timothy Snyder | — | — | — | about 5k | "All told, in the Lublin and Rzeszow regions, Poles and Ukrainians killed about five thousand of the other's civilians in 1943–44."[39] | |
Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe | — | — | — | — | 10-20k | "Poles were fully responsible for killing between 10,000 and 20,000 Ukrainians (both OUN-UPA members and civilians) during and after World War II."[17] |
Kataryna Wolczuk[25] | — | — | 15-30k | [citation needed] Cited by Marples.[full citation needed] | ||
Katrina Witt | — | — | 15-30k | [40] Cited Marples (2007), pp. 222–223, who cites Wolczuk.[full citation needed] | ||
KARTA | unknown | unknown | — | 7.5k | [23] Cited by Kalishchuk: here [24] | |
L. Zashkilniak and M. Krykun | — | — | 35k | [41] Cited by Kalishchuk.[full citation needed] | ||
Anna M. Cienciala | — | — | — | — | 20k | "... the Poles killed some 20,000 Ukrainians, mostly in former East Galicia in reprisal."[34] |
George Liber | 2-20k | 1-4k | 8-20k | — | "In [1943–44], the Home Army and other Polish underground units killed 2,000 to 20,000 Ukrainians in Western Volhynia and another 1,000 to 4,000 in Galicia."[42] |