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((Short description|None))
((More citations needed|date=June 2017))
((Shia Islam))
The following is a list of extinct unorthodox movements within [[Shia Islam]]. These are movements that no longer have any living followers or practitioners. These movements were created around certain beliefs that were unorthodox and not held by the mainstream Shia Muslims. These movements eventually, after their very brief existence, had their followers fall into mainstream Islam.

==[[Ghulat]] sects==
* [[Bazighiyya Shia|Bazighiyya]]&ndash; who believed that [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]] was God.
* [[Dhammiyya Shia|Dhammiyya]]&ndash; who believed that [[Ali]] was God and [[Muhammad]] was his appointed Messenger and Prophet.
* [[Ghurabiyya Shia|Ghurabiyya]]&ndash; who believed the angel [[Gabriel]] was mistaken.
* [[Hurufiyya]]&ndash; who believed God is incarnated in every atom, reminiscent of the Alevi-Bektashism.
** [[Nuqtavi]]&ndash; who believed in a cyclical view of time, reminiscent of the Isma'ili Shia.
* [[Kaysanites Shia|Kaysanites]]&ndash; who believed in the Imamate of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah after the death of [[Husayn Ibn 'Ali Ibn abu Talib]].
** Bayaniyya&ndash; the followers of ''Bayān al-Nahdi,'' who believed that [[Abu Hashim]] was a prophet and would return to rule the world as [[Mahdi]]. ''Bayān'' claimed [[prophethood]] for himself after the demise of [[Abu Hashim]], as well.<ref name="Bayaniyya">((cite book|author=al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsá Nawbakhtī |title=''Shi'a Sects: (Kitab Firaq Al-Shi'a)'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vadKWQplthUC&q=bayaniyya&pg=PA83|editor=Abbas K. Kadhim |publisher=ICAS Press |place=[[London]] |pages=83 |year=2007 |isbn=9781904063261 |language=en))</ref>((rp|83))
** Harbiyya&ndash; the followers of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Harb ibn al-Kindi, who initially taught [[antinomianism]] then joined [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|Ibn Mu'awiya]]'s party and later expressed many extremist views about him. Furthermore, Ibn al-Harb introduced some fundamental doctrines including [[metempsychosis]], cyclical history of eras and aeons into the radical branch of Shi'ism.<ref name="Harbiyya">((cite book|author=Daftary, Farhad|author-link=Farhad Daftary|title=''The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQGlyZAy134C&q=al-aftah&pg=PA94|editor=Cambridge University|editor-link=Cambridge University|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=[[Cambridge]] |pages=63 |year=1990 |isbn=9780521429740 |language=en))</ref>((rp|63)) The group claimed that [[Abu Hashim]] designated [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|Ibn Mu'awiya]] as his successor Imam of [[Hashimiyya]].
*** Riyahiyya&ndash; Harbiyya and pro-[[Abbasid]] [[Hashimiyya]] disputed over [[Abu Hashim]]'s will about the imamate and eventually the disputed parties agreed upon the arbitration of their respected leader Abu Riyah, who decided that the imamate should remain in [[Abbasids]]. The most of the followers of Harbiyya, who had previously recognized [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|Ibn Mu'awiya]] as their imam, seceded and joined to the [[Abbasid]] party and they had been called ''Riyahiyya.'' Those who stayed in ''Harbiyya'' and continued to recognize the imamete of [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|Ibn Mu'awiya]] subsequently called as ''Janahiyya.''<ref name="Harbiyya"/>
*** Janahiyya&ndash; the followers of [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mu'awiya]] ibn [[Abdullah ibn Ja'far|ʿAbd Allāh]] ibn [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib|Ja'far]], who was a descendant of [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib]] known as Dhu'l-Janahayn, believed incarnation of God in a succession of Prophets and imams passing eventually through [[Ibn al-hanafiya]] and [[Abu Hashim]] to [[Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya|Ibn Mu'awiya]]; [[transmigration of the soul]]s; and [[ta'wil|the allegorical interpretation of the Quran]].<ref name="Janahayn">((cite book|author=Momen, Moojan|author-link=Moojan Momen|title=''An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0OL5Z8S-V0C&q=imams+passing+eventually+through&pg=PA52|editor=Yale University|editor-link=Yale University|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |place=[[New Haven]] |pages=51 |year=1985 |isbn=0300035314 |language=en))</ref>((rp|51))
* Mughiriyya&ndash; who were influenced by [[Mandaeism|Mandean]] and [[Manichean]] doctrines and were founded by the first Shi'i gnostic al-Mughira, who claimed that God is a man of light with a crown of light on his head resembling Mandean doctrine of deity referred to as "king of light". Al-Mughira further added that God has limbs corresponding to the letters of Arabic alphabet reminiscent of the teaching of [[Marcus (Marcosian)|Marcus the Gnostic]].<ref name="Isma'ilis">((cite book|author=Daftary, Farhad|author-link=Farhad Daftary|title=''The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQGlyZAy134C&q=Al-mughira&pg=PA72|editor=Cambridge University|editor-link=Cambridge University|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=[[Cambridge]] |pages=72 |year=1990 |isbn=9780521429740|language=en))</ref>((rp|72))
* [[Rawendis]]&ndash; who believed in the transmigration of souls. They asserted that the spirit that was in [[Jesus]] was in [[Ali]], and the spirit of Adam was in [[Othman ibn Nahik]].
* [[Soldiers of Heaven]]&ndash; who believed that their former leader [[Dia Abdul Zahra Kadim]] (died 2007 CE) was the [[Mahdi]] and reincarnation of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]].
* [[Ya’furiyya Shia|Ya’furiyya]]&ndash; who believed in reincarnation and that a man named Mu’ammar al-Kufi was their Lord.

==Zaydi Shia sects==
*[[Mutrafya]] &ndash; A Hamdani-based sect of the Zaydi Shia led Mutraf bin Shihab that start gaining followers in Yemen after the fall of the Ismaili [[Zurayids]], they were weakened by Sunni [[Ayyubids]] & later famously exterminated as heretics by the Zaydi imam [[Al-Mansur Abdallah]] for calling for backing a [[Banu Hamdan|Hamdani]] imam
*[[Dukayniyya Shia|Dukayniyya]]&ndash; who believed Muhammad's followers fell into unbelief after his death because they did not uphold the Imamate of Ali.
*[[Khalafiyya Shia|Khalafiyya]]&ndash; who believed in a unique line of Imams after Zayd ibn Ali ibn Husayn Ibn 'Ali Ibn abu Talib, starting with a man named Abd al-Samad and continuing with his descendants.
*[[Khashabiyya Shia|Khashabiyya]]&ndash; who believed that the Imamate must remain only among the descendants of Hasan and Husayn, even if that Imam is ignorant, immoral and tyrannical.
*[[Zaidiyyah#Beliefs|Tabiriyya/Butriyya/Salihiyya]]&ndash; who believed the [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]], including [[Abu Bakr]], [[Umar]] and [[Uthman]], had been in error in failing to follow Ali, but it did not amount to sin.

==Imami/pre-Twelver Shia sects==
((Twelvers|collapsed=1))
*[[Fathites]]&ndash; who believed [[Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq|Abdullah al-Aftah]] was the succeeding Imam after his father [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]]'s death.
*[[Muhammadite Shia|Muhammadites]]&ndash; who believed that [[Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi]] was the true 11th Imam, rather than [[Hasan al-Askari]].
*[[Tawussite Shia|Tawussites]]&ndash; who believed that Ja'far al-Sadiq was the Mahdi and that he was alive and did not die.
*[[Waqifite Shia|Waqifites]]&ndash; who believed in the Imamate of [[Musa al-Kadhim]] but refused to accept the Imamate of his successor [[Ali ar-Ridha]].
*[[Musha'sha'iyyah]]&ndash; founded and led by Muhammad ibn Falah, an Iraqi-born theologian who believed himself to be the earthly representative of Ali and the Mahdi.

==Ismā'īlī Shia sects==
((Ismailis|collapsed=1))
*[[Hafizi]]&ndash; who believed the Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate, [[Al Hafiz]] and his descendants were also the Imam of the Time.
* [[Sevener]]s&ndash;believed that [[Isma'il ibn Jafar]] was the seventh and the last Imam (hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali). They believed his son, [[Muhammad ibn Isma'il]], would return and bring about an age of justice as Mahdi. 
* [[Qarmatians]]&ndash; a sect of Seveners who believed in a world view where every phenomenon repeated itself in cycles, where every incident was replayed over and over again.

==See also==
* [[Islamic schools and branches]]
* [[Shi'a view of Ali]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* ((Cite book| publisher = BRILL| isbn = 978-90-04-11072-4| last1 = Madelung| first1 = Wilferd| last2 = Walker| first2 = Paul Ernest| title = An Ismaili heresiography: the "Bāb Al-shayṭān" from Abū Tammām's Kitāb Al-shajara| year=1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvGtIQQ_v7QC))

((Islamic theology |state=expanded|schools))

((DEFAULTSORT:Shi'a Sects, Extinct))
[[Category:Shia Islamic branches]]
[[Category:Schisms in Islam]]
[[Category:History of Islam]]
[[Category:Islam-related lists]]
[[Category:Extinct Islamic sects]]

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