It has been suggested that this article should be split into articles titled List of corporate disinformation campaigns, List of political disinformation campaigns, List of political disinformation campaigns in the United States, List of fake news websites by individuals, List of fake news troll farms and List of satirical fake news websites. (discuss) (January 2024)

Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire. Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.[1][2][3]

Definition

Fake news sites deliberately publish hoaxes and disinformation to drive web traffic inflamed by social media.[4][5][6] These sites are distinguished from news satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers' gullibility.[5] While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples of website spoofing, structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets like ABC News or MSNBC.[7] The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, "fake news" on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation to defraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting through clickbait.[8] PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.[9]

The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and within tabloid journalism in the years prior to the 2016 U.S. election.[8] Except for the 2016 Philippine elections,[10] prior to the election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree.[8] Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters of left-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters of right-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censor conservative views.[8] Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.[8]

List

Campaigns by individuals

American News LLC

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
American News americannews[.]com Published a false story claiming actor Denzel Washington endorsed Donald Trump for president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it on Facebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election. [11]

[12][13]

Conservative 101 conservative101[.]com Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [11][12]
Democratic Review DemocraticReview[.]com Owned by American Review LLC of Miami, the same company that owns American News (americannews[.]com), Conservative 101 and Liberal Society. [12]
Liberal Society LiberalSociety[.]com Published a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [11][12]

Jestin Coler

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Conservative Frontline conservativefrontline[.]com [14]
Denver Guardian denverguardian[.]com [14]
DrudgeReport[.]com[.]co DrudgeReport[.]com[.]co Mimics the name of the Drudge Report. [14]
United Media Publishing unitedmediapublishing[.]com [14]
usatoday[.]com[.]co usatoday[.]com[.]co Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns [14]
washingtonpost[.]com[.]co washingtonpost[.]com[.]co Originally registered by Jestin Coler. The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler's registration of the site with GoDaddy under the UDRP, and in 2015, an arbitral panel ruled that Coler's registration of the domain name was a form of bad-faith cybersquatting (specifically, typosquatting), "through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as 'click bait' to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue." [15][14]

Paul Horner

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
ABCnews.com.co ABCnews[.]com[.]co Defunct Owned by Paul Horner. Mimics the URL, design and logo of ABC News (owned by Disney–ABC Television Group). [16]

[17]

CBSnews[.]com[.]co CBSnews[.]com[.]co Mimics the URL, design and logo of CBS News. [18]
christianfreedommovement[.]com christianfreedommovement[.]com [18]
cnn[.]com[.]de cnn[.]com[.]de Impostor site of CNN. [18]
isissingles[.]com isissingles[.]com [18]
iywib[.]com iywib[.]com [18]
keepdonaldtrump[.]com keepdonaldtrump[.]com [18]
makeredhatswearableagain[.]com makeredhatswearableagain[.]com [18]
mericaland[.]com mericaland[.]com [18]
microsoftsite[.]com microsoftsite[.]com [18]
nationalgeographic[.]com[.]co nationalgeographic[.]com[.]co Spoof of National Geographic. [18]
nationalreview[.]biz nationalreview[.]biz Spoof of National Review. [18]
NBC[.]com[.]co NBC[.]com[.]co Imitates NBC. [19][18]
NBCNews[.]com[.]co NBCNews[.]com[.]co Defunct Mimics the URL, design and logo of NBC News. [20]
News Examiner newsexaminer[.]net Started in 2015 by Paul Horner, the lead writer of the National Report. This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news. [21]
paulhorner[.]org paulhorner[.]org [18]
snopes[.]com[.]co snopes[.]com[.]co Imposter site of Snopes. [18]
St George Gazette stgeorgegazette[.]com [18][22][23]
superofficialnews[.]com superofficialnews[.]com [18]
thephoenixnewtimes[.]com thephoenixnewtimes[.]com [18]
trumptized[.]com trumptized[.]com [18]

WTOE 5 News

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
16WMPO 16WMPO[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24][25]
AlexJones[.]xyz AlexJones[.]xyz Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [26]
alynews[.]com alynews[.]com Part of a network that posted a false story that there was a sequel to the movie Step Brothers in the works in 2016.

Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[27][28][26]
channel16news[.]com channel16news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
channel17news[.]com channel17news[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][29]
Channel 18 News Channel18News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][30][24]
clancyreport[.]com clancyreport[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Daily News 10 DailyNews10[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][31][24]
Daily News 11 dailynews11[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Daily News 5 DailyNews5[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][26][24]
FoxBusiness[.]xyz FoxBusiness[.]xyz Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [26]
Headline Brief headlinebrief[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
km8news[.]com km8news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
KMT 11 News kmt11[.]com Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns. Before the website went down, it referred to itself as a "fantasy news website".[32][33]

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[34][32][33][24]
knp7[.]com knp7[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
kspm33[.]com kspm33[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
KUPR7 kupr7[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][35][36]
ky6news[.]com ky6news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
KY12News[.]com KY12News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24]
KYPO6 kypo6[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Local 31 News Local31News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][31][24]
localnews33[.]com localnews33[.]com Part of the same network as alynews[.]com [27][28]
lopezreport[.]com lopezreport[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
maywoodpost[.]com maywoodpost[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][37]
mbynews[.]com mbynews[.]com Part of the same network as alynews[.]com [27][28][26]
McKenzie Post mckenziepost[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
NewsDaily12[.]com NewsDaily12[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24][25]
newsdaily27[.]com newsdaily27[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
News Now 11 newsnow11[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [38]
The North Devon Journal northdevonjournal[.]co[.]uk Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [29]
oreillypost[.]com oreillypost[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WBN 12 News wbn12[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [31]
wcpm3[.]com wcpm3[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
wleb21[.]com wleb21[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WRPT 16 News wrpt16[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WTOE 5 News wtoe5news[.]com Original source of false claim that Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump in 2016. [39]

Your News Wire

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Neon Nettle neonnettle[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Stated by Snopes to be "interrelated" with NewsPunch and Your News Wire.

[19][40][41]
Newspunch Newspunch[.]com Alternative name for YourNewsWire. [40]
The People's Voice (formerly NewsPunch and Your News Wire) thepeoplesvoice[.]tv Founded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as "claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit." Its name was changed to NewsPunch in 2018 and The People's Voice in 2023. [42][19][40][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Your News Wire yournewswire[.]com Former name for The People's Voice. [42][19]

Others

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
ABCNews1[.]us ABCNews1[.]us Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
African News Updates africannewupsdate[.]com Same owner as News Updates South Africa. Published a false story about election fraud during the 2016 municipal elections in South Africa, which led to the Electoral Commission of South Africa filing a criminal complaint against the site owner. [51][52]
AJUAnews AJUAnews[.]com Plagiarized content from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly owned by individual based in Pakistan. [50]
ALNewsNetwork[.]press ALNewsNetwork[.]press Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
America Talks Americatalks[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
America's Freedom Fighters Americasfreedomfighters[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Banned Information BannedInformation[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Conservative Beaver conservativebeaver[.]com Published false anti-vaccination claims related to Pfizer, leading to Pfizer filing a petition to compel the site host to reveal the site owner's identity. [53]
Dos Palos News dospalosnews[.]com Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
FB News Cycle Fbnewscycle[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Same owner as Banned Information.

[40]
HealthFacts.pro HealthFacts[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
Hot Global News hotglobalnews[.]com [47][54]
ILoveQuilting.pro ILoveQuilting[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
Leading Report theleadingreport[.]com A website and Twitter account that promotes misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and United States politics. [55]
National News Bulletin nationalnewsbulletin[.]com Same Google Analytics ID as News Updates South Africa. [51][52]
The National Sun thenationalsun[.]com Same owners as Hot Global News. [54][56]
net-breaking[.]com net-breaking[.]com Affiliated with Leading Report. [55]
News@Last newsatlast[.]com Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.

Same owner as News Updates South Africa.

[51][52]
News Updates South Africa newsupdatessa[.]site Per Africa Check and News24. [57][51]
Ohio Press Pro ohiopress[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
thepedogate[.]com thepedogate[.]com Part of same network as America Talks. Spread the false Pizzagate conspiracy theory. [40]
The Red Panther theredpanther[.]com Former name of Toronto Today. [53]
Right Wing Tribune Rightwingtribune[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Same owners as America's Freedom Fighters.

[40]
Toronto99[.]com Toronto99[.]com Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver. [53]
Toronto Today torontotoday[.]net Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver. [53]
Vancouver Times vancouvertimes[.]org Likely shares the same site owner as the Conservative Beaver and Toronto Today. [58]

Disinformation campaigns

Corporate disinformation campaigns

Main article: List of corporate disinformation campaigns

Examples of disinformation campaigns from companies include Eliminalia, a reputation management firm that created a network of over 600 websites for its clients,[59][60] and Regency Enterprises, which created sites to promote the movie A Cure for Wellness.[61][62]

Political disinformation campaigns

Main article: List of political disinformation campaigns

Examples of countries with political actors that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Brazil,[63] India,[64] Iran,[3] Italy,[65] the People's Republic of China,[66] the Philippines,[67] Russia,[68] Ukraine (Luhansk),[69] and the United States.[70]

Fraudulent fact-checking websites

Main article: List of fact-checking websites § Fraudulent fact-checking websites

According to the Poynter Institute, there are four categories of false fact-checking websites:

  1. Sites that are satirical in nature
  2. Sites that attempt to subvert serious fact-checking sites
  3. Sites that re-appropriate the term "fact-check" for partisan political causes
  4. Sites with more violent intentions, such as genocide denial.[71]
Name Domain Status Notes Sources
AosFatos[.]com AosFatos[.]com Spoof of Brazilian fact-checking organization Aos Fatos. [72]
Business2Community business2community[.]com Plagiarized fact-checks from Lead Stories. [73]
The California Republican carepublican[.]com Run by Devin Nunes' political campaign. [71]
Descobrindo As Verdades descobrindoasverdades[.]blogspot[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [72]
Duboka Voda dubokavoda[.]com Partisan false fact-checking site in Croatia, per the Poynter Institute. [71]
Faktiskt[.]eu Faktiskt[.]eu Spoof of Swedish fact-checking organization Faktiskt. [74]
India News Network indianewsnetwork[.]com Same owner as India Vs Disinformation. [75]
India Vs Disinformation indiavsdisinformation[.]com Owned by "a Canadian communications firm called Press Monitor"[76] [76][75]
Jigyasa Online jigyasaonline[.]org Same owner as India Vs Disinformation. [75]
Middle East Guardians meguardians[.]com Published false fact-check about Jamal Khashoggi. [77]
Notícias Brasil Online noticiasbrasilonline[.]com[.]br Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [72]
O Detetive odetetive[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. The website owner was summoned by a regional court in Brazil for publishing a false story about the 2018 attack on Jair Bolsonaro. [72][78]
OpIndia opindia[.]com OpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020. [79][80]
Pensa Brasil pensabrasil[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [72]
Plantão Brasil plantaobrasil[.]net Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [72]
Shayeaat shayeaat[.]ir Partisan false fact-checking site in Iran, per the Poynter Institute. [71]
Vøx voxnews[.]info Partisan false fact-checking site in Italy, per the Poynter Institute. Not to be confused with Vox, the American news site. [71]
War on Fakes waronfakes[.]com A Russian website that promotes Russian propaganda and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [81][82]

Generative AI

Main article: Generative artificial intelligence

As of December 2023, NewsGuard has tracked at least 583 news/information websites automatically generated by machine learning models that span 15 languages.[83]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
airc[.]it airc[.]it [84]
AlaskaCommons[.]com AlaskaCommons[.]com [85]
BestBudgetUSA[.]com BestBudgetUSA[.]com [86]
Boluno[.]com Boluno[.]com [84]
bosase[.]com bosase[.]com [84]
celebritiesdeaths[.]com celebritiesdeaths[.]com [87][86]
CountyLocalNews[.]com CountyLocalNews[.]com [86]
DailyHeadliner[.]com DailyHeadliner[.]com [88]
Daily Time Update [89]
Famadillo[.]com Famadillo[.]com [87][86]
FilthyLucre[.]com FilthyLucre[.]com [86]
FoodingWorld[.]com FoodingWorld[.]com [85]
Getintoknowledge[.]com Getintoknowledge[.]com [87][86]
globalvillagespace[.]com globalvillagespace[.]com [88]
HistoryFact[.]in HistoryFact[.]in [86]
iBusiness Day [89]
Ireland Top News irelandtopnews[.]com [89]
LiverPoolDigest[.]co[.]uk LiverPoolDigest[.]co[.]uk [88]
Lunumi[.]com Lunumi[.]com [84]
Medical Outline medicaloutline[.]com [89]
NewsGPT newsgpt[.]ai [90]
News You Can't Use newsyoucantuse[.]com [91]
NoticiasDeEmprego[.]com[.]br NoticiasDeEmprego[.]com[.]br [85]
NotRealNews[.]net NotRealNews[.]net [92]
Roadan[.]com Roadan[.]com [88]
Scoop Earth ScoopEarth[.]com [87][86]
setolu[.]com setolu[.]com [84]
Time[.]news Time[.]news [85]
TnewsNetwork[.]com TnewsNetwork[.]com [86]
TopGolf[.]kr TopGolf[.]kr [88]
topnews67[.]com topnews67[.]com Accused of plagiarizing story from The Last Line of Defense, possibly via ChatGPT. [93]
TopStories[.]com[.]ng TopStories[.]com[.]ng [88]
vatolu[.]com vatolu[.]com [84]
Walli[.]us Walli[.]us [88]
WaveFunction[.]info WaveFunction[.]info [86]
WhatsNew2Day[.]com WhatsNew2Day[.]com [88]
World-Today-News[.]com World-Today-News[.]com [85]

Hate groups

Main article: List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups

The following table lists websites that have been both considered by fact-checkers as distributing false news and are run by organizations that have been designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups.

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
banned[.]video banned[.]video Sister site of InfoWars.

Warned by the US Food and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for "claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19."

[94][95][96]
Bare Naked Islam barenakedislam[.]com [97][98]
Brighteon Brighteon[.]com Sister site of Natural News. [99]
The Daily Stormer DailyStormer[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][100]
Geller Report Gellerreport[.]com Registered through Pamela Geller's organization, the American Freedom Defense Initiative. [40][98]
HoggWatch hoggwatch[.]com Setup by Natural News founders to publish attacks against Parkland high school shooting survivors. [101][102]
InfoWars infowars[.]com Managed by Alex Jones. Has claimed that millions of people have voted illegally in the 2016 presidential election, that the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a hoax, that the Boston Marathon bombing was a false flag attack, and that the Democratic Party was hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant. [103][104]

[105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]

Natural News naturalnews[.]com Formerly NewsTarget, a website for the sale of various dietary supplements, promotion of alternative medicine, controversial nutrition and health claims, and various conspiracy theories, such as "chemtrails", chemophobic claims (including the purported dangers of fluoride in drinking water, anti-perspirants, laundry detergent, monosodium glutamate, aspartame), and purported health problems caused by allegedly "toxic" ingredients in vaccines, including the now-discredited link to autism. [114][115][116][117][112][113]
NewsTarget newstarget[.]com Sister site of Natural News. [99]
Next News Network nextnewsnetwork[.]com Combined content from mainstream sites such as the Associated Press with content from sites such as RT and Sputnik. [118][119][120][121]
PrisonPlanet prisonplanet[.]com Sister site of InfoWars. [122]
Red Ice RedIce[.]tv [123][124]
TruNews trunews[.]com [125][126][113]
WorldNetDaily wnd[.]com A far-right website known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, including the false claim that Barack Obama was not born in the United States. [125][127][128][112][129][113]

Satire

Main article: List of satirical news websites

Even though many satirical sources are labeled as such with disclaimers, there is a long history of satirical content being falsely perceived as true.[130] According to Snopes, this misunderstanding can be due to a variety of reasons:

The following table lists websites considered by fact-checkers to be satire:

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
8Shit 8shit[.]net [132][133][134]
actualidadpanamericana[.]com actualidadpanamericana[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
Associated Media Coverage AssociatedMediaCoverage[.]com Spread hoaxes since February 2016, including the false claim of a late-night motorcycle curfew. [21][135][19]
Baltimore Gazette baltimoregazette[.]com Unrelated to Baltimore Gazette, a 19th century newspaper. Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [21][136]
Blog[.]VeteranTV[.]net Blog[.]VeteranTV[.]net Per PolitiFact. [19]
Boston Leader bostonleader[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site.

Part of the same network as Batty Post.

[19][21][137][138]
The Boston Tribune thebostontribune[.]com Starting in February 2016, this website spread outright hoaxes. Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [19][21]
Business Standard News bizstandardnews[.]com Defunct Its stories have been mistaken as real-news then shared and cited as real-news. A disclaimer says the stories "could be true" because "reality is so strange nowadays". But the disclaimer also says it is "a satirical site designed to parody the 24-hour news cycle."[139]

Its name is similar to the unrelated Indian English-language daily newspaper called Business Standard.

[140][141][142][143][144][145][146]
DailySnark[.]com DailySnark[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
Duffelblog[.]com Duffelblog[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
El Mundo Today elmundotoday[.]com [134]
Empire News empirenews[.]net Many of this website's fake news hoaxes were widely shared on social media, with stories based on social or political controversies, or were simply appalling to readers. The site says that its content is for "entertainment purposes only."[147] [19][16][21]
Florida Sun Post floridasunpost[.]com Possibly part of same network as Boston Leader.

Part of the same network as Batty Post.

[137][19][138]
FreeWoodPost[.]com FreeWoodPost[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
HalfwayPost[.]com HalfwayPost[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
Hay Noticia haynoticia[.]es [148]
heaviermetal[.]net heaviermetal[.]net Satire about heavy metal music. [47][149]
The Lapine thelapine[.]ca [150]
NationalReport.net NationalReport[.]net Founder Jestin Coler told Columbia Journalism Review: "When it comes to the fake stuff, you really want it to be red meat. [...] It doesn't have to be offensive. It doesn't have to be outrageous. It doesn't have to be anything other than just giving them what they already wanted to hear." In 2013, the nonpartisan FactCheck.org deemed NationalReport.net a satirical site. The site's disclaimer states "All news articles contained within National Report are fiction, and presumably fake news. Any resemblance to the truth is purely coincidental."[151] [16][14][21][152][19]
Nevada County Scooper (NC Scooper) ncscooper[.]com Satire site, per Snopes. False claims that the US federal government planned to confiscate weapons had spread on social media. [21]
News Feed Observer NewsFeedObserver[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org. [42]
The People's Cube ThePeoplesCube[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
The Postillon the-postillon[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
Real News Right Now Realnewsrightnow[.]com Parody/satire site, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [40][19]
TheRealShtick[.]com TheRealShtick[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19]
There Is News thereisnews[.]com [133][153]
Satira Tribune satiratribune[.]com Satire site, per Snopes. False claims that Jimmy Carter had cured his cancer via medical marijuana had spread on social media. [21][154]
Seattle Tribune theseattletribune[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [21][19]
Southend News Network southendnewsnetwork[.]net Local satire site for Southend, England. Some hoaxes have been mistaken by some local residents as true. Recognized by the Southend-on-Sea City Council as an "official media outlet" despite its satire to further community engagement. [155][156]
The Spoof thespoof[.]com [157]
Straight Stoned straightstoned[.]com Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3. [47][158][159]
U OK Hun uokhun[.]uk Has the same Adsense ID as Southend News Network. [133][155][160]
The Valley Report thevalleyreport[.]com Created by a comedian to publish satire and hoaxes. [161]
World News Daily Report worldnewsdailyreport[.]com Run by Janick Murray-Hall. Its disclaimer states, "World News Daily Report assumes all responsibility for the satirical nature of its articles and for the fictional nature of their content. All characters appearing in the articles in this website—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional and any resemblance between them and any person, living, dead or undead, is purely a miracle."[162] [128][19]

The Last Line of Defense

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
America's Last Line of Defense Americaslastlineofdefense[.]org Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [40][163][164]
As American as Apple Pie AsAmericanAsApplePie[.]org Falsely claimed that Alec Baldwin was arrested for threatening President Trump. Parody/satire site, per FactCheck.org, PolitiFact and Snopes.

Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense.

[21][19][42][165]
BeBest[.]website bebest[.]website Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [133][166]
BustATroll bustatroll[.]org Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [167][168]
Conservative Tears conservativetears[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [169]
coolinfo24[.]com coolinfo24[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [170]
Daily World Update dailyworldupdate[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [133][171]
Daily World Update dailyworldupdate[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [172]
The Dunning-Kruger Times dunning-kruger-times[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [93]
Freedom Crossroads Freedomcrossroads[.]us Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Part of the same network as The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][173]
Freedum Junkshun FreedumJunkshun[.]com Part of the same network as The Last Line of Defense. [21][19]
ladiesofliberty[.]net ladiesofliberty[.]net Part of the same network as The Last Line of Defense. [174]
The Last Line of Defense thelastlineofdefense[.]org This website has a history of publishing fake news articles, especially of the political genre. Notable hoaxes include Donald Trump revoking the press credentials of six major news outlets, Michelle Obama getting ditched by the Secret Service, and Hillary Clinton describing Beyoncé's music using racial slurs. Although the website claims to be written by "a group of educated, God-fearing Christian conservative patriots who are tired of Obama's tyrannical reign and ready to see a strong Republican take the White House," its articles are in fact all written by one person, Christopher Blair, who has written under multiple pen names. As of 2019, Blair's site is now branded as "Daily World Update: satire for flat-Earthers, Trumpsters and Y'all-Qaeda." [163][175][176][177][19]
The Last Line of Defense (thelastlineofdefense[.]online) thelastlineofdefense[.]online Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [40]
No Fake News Online nofakenews[.]online Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [71]
nofakenewsonline[.]us nofakenewsonline[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [40]
notmypot[.]us notmypot[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [133][178]
Nunadisbereel[.]com Nunadisbereel[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact.

Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense.

[19][179]
ObamaWatcher obamawatcher[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [180][168]
Our Land of the Free Ourlandofthefree[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][165]
potatriotpost[.]com potatriotpost[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [172]
Re-state[.]us Re-state[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense.

Spoof of DeadState.

[181]
Reagan Was Right reaganwasright[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [47]
Sdopes sdopes[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense.

Spoof of Snopes.

[181]
TatersGonnaTate tatersgonnatate[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [182][168]
Tater Report taterreport[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [183]
TrumpBetrayed[.]us trumpbetrayed[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [40]
trumpscrewed[.]us trumpscrewed[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [184]
wearethellod[.]com wearethellod[.]com Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [170]
Worstpot[.]us worstpot[.]us Part of same network as The Last Line of Defense. [40]

Newslo

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Newslo newslo[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
Politicalo[.]com Politicalo[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [19]
Politicass[.]com Politicass[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. [19][185]
Politicono[.]com Politicono[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [19]
Politicops politicops[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [42][19]
Politicot politicot[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [42][19]
Religionlo[.]com Religionlo[.]com Parody/satire site, per PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [19]
The Rightists Therightists[.]com Parody/satire, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Part of Newslo network. [42][19][186]

Deceptive satire

Some websites self-labeled as satire have been accused by journalists from news outlets such as Politico and The New Republic of duplicity by means of clickbait headlines, humorless appeals to partisans, hidden disclaimers, and oversaturation of ads.[187][188][189]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Big America News [189]
cartelpress[.]com cartelpress[.]com Has the same owner as Huzlers. [47][190]
Civic Tribune CivicTribune[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19][191]
The Daily Currant dailycurrant[.]com [187][188]
dailyfinesser[.]com dailyfinesser[.]com Has the same owner as Huzlers. [47][190]
Demyx demyx[.]com [187]
The Dorset Eye dorseteye[.]com Claimed itself as satire after a false claim it published about Boris Johnson went viral. [192]
Empire Sports empiresports[.]co Includes a disclaimer describing itself as a "satirical and entertainment website".[193] Not to be confused with the legitimate (but long-defunct) Empire Sports Network. [187]
Global Associated News globalassociatednews[.]com Described itself as enabling users to produce fake stories using its "fake celebrity news engine". Also known as Media Fetcher. [187][194]
Huzlers huzlers[.]com Fake news from this website often involves restaurants and leading brands to disgust readers with its gross-out stories. One story by the site falsely reported that Dong Nguyen, the creator of Flappy Bird, killed himself. Another story made up an incident where a person working at a McDonald's restaurant put his mixtapes in Happy Meals. The site describes itself as "the most infamous fauxtire & satire entertainment website in the world."[195] [21][187][196][197]
The Lightly Braised Turnip lightlybraisedturnip[.]com [187]
Media Fetcher MediaFetcher[.]com Parent website for Global Associated News. [194]
Mediamass mediamass[.]net [187]
The Miami Gazette TheMiamiGazette[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Webpage includes a hidden disclaimer that claims itself as satire.

[19][198][199][200]
Modern Woman Digest modernwomandigest[.]com Shares a writer with Civic Tribune and National Report. [191]
NewsBuzzDaily newsbuzzdaily[.]com Defunct This fake news website mostly consists of celebrity gossip and death hoaxes, but a few of its other stories were disseminated on social media. When the site was up it said that it was "a combination of real shocking news and satire news" and that articles were for "entertainment and satirical purposes" only.[21] [21][201]
News Hound news-hound[.]org [187]
The News Nerd thenewsnerd[.]com Defunct A defunct website which used to have a disclaimer on every page.[202] [187]
The No Chill thenochill[.]com Contains a disclaimer at the bottom of the page. As of 2017, part of Revcontent, an ad network commonly used by fake news websites. [47][203][204][205][206][207][208]
Not Allowed To NotAllowedTo[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from World News Daily Report.

Has hidden disclaimer.

[19][209][210][211]
Real Raw News realrawnews[.]com A WordPress site hosting conspiratorial content, often about public figures being tried and executed for supposed crimes.

According to PolitiFact, "The website's "About Us" page features a disclaimer saying it contains "humor, parody and satire," but the author has repeatedly defended his stories as truth."

[212][213][214]
ScrapeTV scrapetv[.]com Per BuzzFeed News. [47][215][216]
The Stately Harold thestatelyharold[.]com Webpage includes a hidden disclaimer that claims itself as satire. [21]
Stuppid Stuppid[.]com [21][217]
Underground News Report UndergroundNewsReport[.]com According to PolitiFact, "the site purposely writes outlandish stories to trick readers". Launched on February 21, 2017, the website gained more than 1 million page views in its first two weeks; after two weeks, admitted that all posts are false; in less than a month the site was sued by Whoopi Goldberg.

Added a disclaimer at the bottom of the page. Was approved for running ads on Content.ad network. Spread its articles to Pro-Trump groups on Facebook.

[218][219][220][221][222][223]
Viral Cords Viralcords[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Does not contain a disclaimer, and its owner information is hidden.

[40][224]
That Viral Feed ThatViralFeed[.]net Per PolitiFact.

Posted a joke story that was only fully apparent when reading it to the end. Republished a story from Empire Herald. Published a false story with an out-of-context image.

[19][225][226][227]
WIT Science witscience[.]org [47][191]

Troll farms

Main article: List of fake news troll farms

See also: Troll farm

Examples of countries with troll farms that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Cambodia,[228] Ghana,[229] North Macedonia,[230] the Republic of Georgia,[231] and Russia.[232]

User-generated fake news

The following table lists websites that have allowed users to generate their own hoaxes that appear in the form of news articles. While the stated purpose is for users to prank their friends, many of the resulting false stories have spread on social media and have led to harassment.[233]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
12minutos[.]com 12minutos[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
24aktuelles[.]com 24aktuelles[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
actualite[.]co actualite[.]co Same owner as React 365. [47]
theasociatedpress[.]com theasociatedpress[.]com Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [234][235]
thebreakingnews[.]co thebreakingnews[.]co Same owner as React 365. [47]
BreakingNews247[.]net BreakingNews247[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365. [19][47]
BreakingNews365[.]net BreakingNews365[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365. [19][47]
cbs-news[.]us cbs-news[.]us Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [236]
cbsnews[.]us cbsnews[.]us Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [236]
channel22news[.]com channel22news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
Channel 23 News Channel23News[.]com Prank website for generating false stories. [42]
Channel24news[.]com Channel24news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as Channel 23 News. [19][47][233]
channel28news[.]com channel28news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel33news[.]com channel33news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel34news[.]com channel34news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel40news[.]com channel40news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel45news[.]com channel45news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel46news[.]com channel46news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel55news[.]com channel55news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel56news[.]com channel56news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel59news[.]com channel59news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel60news[.]com channel60news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel62news[.]com channel62news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel63news[.]com channel63news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel65news[.]com channel65news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel66news[.]com channel66news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel68news[.]com channel68news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
channel77news[.]com channel77news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][233]
cnoticias[.]net cnoticias[.]net Same owner as React 365. [47]
en-bref[.]fr en-bref[.]fr Same owner as React 365. [47]
The Fake News Generator thefakenewsgenerator[.]com [236]
fakeShare fakeshare[.]com [237][238]
FeedNewz feednewz[.]com Renamed to prank[.]link. [239]
nachrichten[.]de[.]com nachrichten[.]de[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
nachrichten365[.]com nachrichten365[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
net-infosnews[.]com net-infosnews[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
thenewyorktimes[.]company thenewyorktimes[.]company Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [234][235]
noticias-frescas[.]com noticias-frescas[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
notizzia[.]com notizzia[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
prank[.]link prank[.]link [239][237]
PunkShare PunkShare[.]com [240]
React 365 React365[.]com This user-created fake news generator, supposedly for "pranking your friends", had at least two stories that went viral. [21][47]
routers[.]news routers[.]news Same owner as PunkShare. Spoof of Reuters. [241]
toutelinfo[.]fr toutelinfo[.]fr Same owner as React 365. [47]

Other networks

Many fake news websites can be assessed as likely being part of the same network campaign if some combination of the following are true:

Action News 3

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Action News 3 actionnews3[.]com Spread death hoaxes about various public figures. [21]
Daily Buzz Live DailyBuzzLive[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout, a false claim that had been spreading since 2012.

Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.

[19][244][245][159]
News4KTLA[.]com News4KTLA[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Has the same IP address as Action News 3.

Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.

Cited story from World News Daily Report.

[19][246][247][248][249]
Now 8 News Now8News[.]com Started in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website's fake stories have successfully spread on social media. Has the same IP address as Action News 3. [21][250][251][246]
TheRacketReport[.]com TheRacketReport[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Has the same IP address as Action News 3.

Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.

[19][246][247]
Straight Stoned straightstoned[.]com Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3. [47][158][159]

Batty Post

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
abc14news[.]com abc14news[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [133][252]
abcnews-us[.]com abcnews-us[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [21][47]
abcnews5[.]com abcnews5[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [253]
AlabamaObserver[.]com AlabamaObserver[.]com [19][138]
albertatimes[.]com albertatimes[.]com [138]
Batty Post battypost[.]com Published a false claim about being acquired by East Asia Tribune, a page that has the same Google AdSense ID. [138][47][254][255]
Border Herald borderherald[.]com [138]
Boston Leader bostonleader[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [19][21][137][138]
boston-post[.]com boston-post[.]com Not to be confused with the Boston Post.

Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com.

[133][253]
cairnstimes[.]com cairnstimes[.]com [138]
cbs15[.]com cbs15[.]com Spoof of CBS News. Possibly part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [256][257]
cbsnews10[.]com cbsnews10[.]com Spoof of CBS News. Part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [133][252]
cbsnews15[.]com cbsnews15[.]com Spoof of CBS News. [253]
cbsnews24[.]com cbsnews24[.]com Spoof of CBS News. [253]
cgcnews[.]com cgcnews[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [257][256]
cnn-globalnews[.]com cnn-globalnews[.]com Impostor site of CNN. Published death hoax on Clint Eastwood. [258][138][47]
cnn-internationaledition[.]com cnn-internationaledition[.]com Impostor site of CNN. [138][47]
coindesk-us[.]com coindesk-us[.]com Spoof of CoinDesk. [253]
countyweekly[.]com countyweekly[.]com [47]
dallastimes[.]us dallastimes[.]us [47]
DenverInquirer[.]com DenverInquirer[.]com [19][138]
dublintribune[.]com dublintribune[.]com [47]
East Asia Tribune eastasiatribune[.]com Published death hoax about Kim Jong-un. [259]
Florida Sun Post floridasunpost[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [137][19][138]
focustimes[.]org focustimes[.]org [138]
foreignjournal[.]com foreignjournal[.]com [138]
fox-26houston[.]com fox-26houston[.]com [253]
fox-32chicago[.]com fox-32chicago[.]com [253]
foxnews-us[.]com foxnews-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [133][253]
foxnews15[.]com foxnews15[.]com [253]
freeinquirer[.]com freeinquirer[.]com [47]
The Jackson Telegraph jacksontelegraph[.]com [258][138][47]
longarticles[.]com longarticles[.]com [138]
MississippiHerald[.]com MississippiHerald[.]com [19][138][47]
nbc9news[.]com nbc9news[.]com Spoof of NBC. Part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [133][252][256][257]
nbcnews11[.]com nbcnews11[.]com [253]
nbcnews15[.]com nbcnews15[.]com [253]
nbcnews6[.]com nbcnews6[.]com [253]
newjournal[.]us newjournal[.]us [47]
thenyherald[.]com thenyherald[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [257]
pressunion[.]org pressunion[.]org [138]
si-nba[.]com si-nba[.]com [253]
sundayregister[.]com sundayregister[.]com [138]
The Sunday Inquirer sundayinquirer[.]com [258][138]
The Sunday Post sundaypost[.]org [138]
surreytelegraph[.]com surreytelegraph[.]com [47]
sydneybulletin[.]com sydneybulletin[.]com [47]
Telegraph Sun telegraphsun[.]com [138]
timesofcambodia[.]com timesofcambodia[.]com [47]
tmz-us[.]com tmz-us[.]com Spoof of TMZ. Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [257]
tvtnews[.]com tvtnews[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [257][256]
unitednews[.]org unitednews[.]org [138]
us-nbcnews[.]com us-nbcnews[.]com Spoof of NBC News. Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [257]
usatoday-go[.]com usatoday-go[.]com Has the same IP address as cbsnews10[.]com. [133][260]
Vancouver Inquirer vancouverinquirer[.]com [138][47]
vice-en-us[.]com vice-en-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [133][253]
weekendherald[.]com weekendherald[.]com [138]
yahoonews-us[.]com yahoonews-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [133][253]

Celebtricity

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
20minutenews[.]com 20minutenews[.]com [47][190]
alertchild[.]com alertchild[.]com [47][190]
areyousleep[.]com areyousleep[.]com [47][190]
badcriminals[.]com badcriminals[.]com [47][190]
cartelreport[.]com cartelreport[.]com [47][190]
Celebtricity celebtricity[.]com Has falsely claimed that Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Chicago, Illinois after more than 300 people were shot in one night; that a Wendy's employee put vaginal discharge on a burger as revenge against a partner; and that Bryshere Y. Gray was Jay-Z's son. Contains a "notorious fauxtire and satire entertainment" disclaimer which used to read "the most notorious urban satirical entertainment website in the world".[261] [262][261][263]
channel5000[.]com channel5000[.]com [47][190]
drugsofficial[.]com drugsofficial[.]com [47][190]
everydaybreakingnews[.]com everydaybreakingnews[.]com [47][190]
FedsAlert[.]com FedsAlert[.]com [19][47][190]
folksvideo[.]com folksvideo[.]com [47][190]
thefrt[.]com thefrt[.]com [47][190]
jokerviral[.]com jokerviral[.]com [47][190]
mrnewswatch[.]com mrnewswatch[.]com [47][190]
Persecutes[.]com Persecutes[.]com [19][47][190]
qualitysharing[.]com qualitysharing[.]com [47][190]
scaryhours[.]com scaryhours[.]com [47][190]
smhwtfnews[.]com smhwtfnews[.]com [47][190]
tmzbreaking[.]com tmzbreaking[.]com [47][190]
tmzbusiness[.]com tmzbusiness[.]com [190]
tmzcomedy[.]com tmzcomedy[.]com [47][190]
tmzhiphop[.]com tmzhiphop[.]com [47][190]
tmzurban[.]com tmzurban[.]com [190]
tmzuncut[.]com tmzuncut[.]com [47][190]
TMZWorldNews[.]com TMZWorldNews[.]com [19][47][190]
tmzworldstar[.]com tmzworldstar[.]com [47][190]
tmzworldstarnews[.]com tmzworldstarnews[.]com [47][190]
ViralActions[.]com ViralActions[.]com Cited story from World News Daily Report. [19][47][190][249]
viralcocaine[.]com viralcocaine[.]com [190]
viraldevil[.]com viraldevil[.]com [47][190]
viralmugshot[.]com viralmugshot[.]com [47][190]
viralpropaganda[.]com viralpropaganda[.]com [47][190]
viralspeech[.]com viralspeech[.]com [47][190]
viralstupid[.]com viralstupid[.]com [47][190]

PoliticsFocus

Used a technique called "domain hopping" - repeatedly switching domain names to stay ahead of advertising blacklists on social media.[264][265]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
PoliticsFocus anypolitical[.]com [264]
PoliticsFocus cloudpolitical[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus goldpolitics[.]com [266]
PoliticsFocus flexpolitics[.]com [266]
PoliticsFocus jetpolitics[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus maxrepublican[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus politicsbee[.]com [264]
PoliticsFocus politicsedge[.]com [266]
PoliticsFocus politicsfast[.]com [266]
PoliticsFocus Politicsfocus[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40][264][266][267]
PoliticsFocus politicsmate[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus politicstec[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus politicsvision[.]com [264][266]
PoliticsFocus sunrepublican[.]com [264]
PoliticsFocus totalpolitical[.]com [266]

Miscellaneous

The following table lists miscellaneous sites that are one-offs or otherwise lack information that would place them into the above categories.

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
24online[.]news 24online[.]news Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
24x365live[.]com 24x365live[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
365 US News 365usnews[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42][268]
7 News Political 7newspolitical[.]site Per FactCheck.org. [40]
70 News 70news[.]wordpress[.]com A WordPress-hosted site that published a false news story, stating that Donald Trump had won the popular vote in the 2016 United States presidential election; the fake story rose to the top in searches for "final election results" on Google News. [269]

[270]

A Folha Brasil Spoof of Folha de S.Paulo. [271]
afrikan-daily[.]com afrikan-daily[.]com Spoof of the African Daily Voice. [272]
AfricaZilla africazilla[.]com Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
America Fans Americafans[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42]
AmericanFlavor[.]news AmericanFlavor[.]news Per PolitiFact. [19]
AmericanPoliticNews[.]co AmericanPoliticNews[.]co Per PolitiFact. [19]
American Journal Review Americanjournalreview[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42]
American News (Anews-24[.]com) Anews-24[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Published the same story as Daily Feed News.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][274][275]
The American News Theamericanews[.]co Per FactCheck.org. [40]
American Pride Americanprides[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42]
American Reviewer americanreviewer[.]com Falsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration. [276]
American Today americantoday[.]us Per PolitiFact

Falsely claimed that Barron Trump was hospitalized for pneumonia. Manipulated and misattributed celebrity quote.

[19][277][278]
ANews24[.]org ANews24[.]org Per PolitiFact. [19][13]
The Angry Patriot AngryPatriotMovement[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Anonjekloy[.]tk Anonjekloy[.]tk Per PolitiFact. [19]
AntiNews[.]com AntiNews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Anti News Network unseen-pedia[.]com Spread false claims about government-incentivized microchipping. [279]
ArmyUSANews[.]com ArmyUSANews[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Reposted story from the Last Line of Defense.

[19][280]
Astronomy-Physics[.]com Astronomy-Physics[.]com Falsely claimed that the Perseid meteor shower of 2017 would be "the brightest ... in recorded human history." [281][282]
Attitude[.]co[.]uk Attitude[.]co[.]uk Per PolitiFact. [19]
Aurora-News[.]us Aurora-News[.]us Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
Awareness Act AwarenessAct[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
baldwinpost[.]com baldwinpost[.]com [27]
Barracuda Brigade BB4SP[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
bbc[.]org[.]sa[.]com bbc[.]org[.]sa[.]com Spoof of BBC. [283]
Before It's News beforeitsnews[.]com Before It's News and InfoWars were described as "unabashedly unhinged 'news' sites" in 2014 by The Washington Post following its promotion of conspiracy theories relating to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.

Owned by Chris Kitze, who is also on the executive board of the Epoch Times.

[284][285][128]
BenjaminFulford[.]typepad[.]com BenjaminFulford[.]typepad[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
BestThings[.]us BestThings[.]us Per PolitiFact.

Spread a fabricated celebrity quote that originated from a Facebook page.

[19][286]
Bioreports.net bioreports[.]net Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
Bipartisan Report bipartisanreport[.]com Once describing itself at "the internet's largest newspaper", its content is written from a heavily liberal-biased perspective. It has been described as a clickbait and fake news website by Danny Westneat of The Seattle Times, and its articles have been debunked by PolitiFact and Snopes. [287][288][289][125][127][128]
bistonglobe[.]com bistonglobe[.]com Imitates The Boston Globe. [290][291]
BlackInsuranceNews[.]com BlackInsuranceNews[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Reposted article from satirical site FreeWoodPost[.]com, without satirical disclaimer.

[19][292]
BlingNews[.]com BlingNews[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Bloomberg[.]market Bloomberg[.]market Defunct Designed to imitate Bloomberg.com. Was used to issue a false report announcing that Twitter had received a US$31 billion takeover offer, resulting in a brief 8% stock price spike of Twitter. The site is now defunct. [293][294]
BlueLineStrong[.]net BlueLineStrong[.]net Per PolitiFact.

Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.

[19][247]
Blue Vision Post Bluevisionpost[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
bollywoodmasaladay[.]xyz bollywoodmasaladay[.]xyz Published false quotes from celebrities. [295][296]
borntoberight[.]com borntoberight[.]com Falsely claimed that Kathy Griffin was jailed in 2017. [297]
BreakingNewsBlast[.]com BreakingNewsBlast[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
thebreakingnews[.]today thebreakingnews[.]today Has the same IP address as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
Breaking Top Breakingtop[.]world Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
Brexit Betrayal News Registered in the United States. Posted stories about QAnon. [299]
Buffalo Chronicle buffalochronicle[.]com An American fake news website that has promoted fake stories related to Canadian politics. [300][301]
BuzzBeed buzzbeed[.]com Not to be confused with BuzzFeed.

Part of a network created by far-right activists in France.

[302][303][304]
Cairns News (Australia) cairnsnews[.]org Anti-vaccine website that falsely claimed that two young girls died after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination on the Gold Coast, Australia.[305] [306]
CannaSOS CannaSOS[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][307]
CelebSaga celebsaga[.]com Reposted a false story from Conservative Beaver. [308]
chicagotribunesnews[.]com chicagotribunesnews[.]com Imitates the Chicago Tribune. [290][291]
ChristianTimesNewspaper[.]com ChristianTimesNewspaper[.]com Impostor site for Christian Times. Falsely claimed voter fraud on behalf of Hillary Clinton.

Owned by an aide to David E. Vogt III, whom was let go upon disclosure of the ownership by The New York Times.

[19][309][310][311]
ChristianToday[.]info ChristianToday[.]info Per PolitiFact. [19]
Clash Daily ClashDaily[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Clear Politics clear-politics[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42]
clubsocial-ny[.]com clubsocial-ny[.]com Has the same IP address as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
CNewsGo[.]com CNewsGo[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
CNN-Business-News[.]ga CNN-Business-News[.]ga Impostor site of CNN [19]
CNNews3[.]com CNNews3[.]com Impostor site of CNN. Ran false story about HIV infection from bananas. [19]
COED coed[.]com Falsely claimed a Black Lives Matter protest at Dartmouth College in 2015 turned violent. [312]
CoffeeBreakForYou[.]com CoffeeBreakForYou[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Colorado Herald thecoloradoherald[.]com Spread COVID vaccine misinformation.

Created by a former leader for Moms for Liberty (a group declared as extremist by the Southern Poverty Law Center) who has denied the results of the 2020 US presidential election.

[313][314][315][316][317]
Conservative7[.]com Conservative7[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
conservativedaily[.]info conservativedaily[.]info [298]
conservativefighter[.]com conservativefighter[.]com Spread false story about Trump removing a federal judge. [281]
theconservativeonline[.]info theconservativeonline[.]info Has the same Google Adsense account as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
conservativeonline[.]net conservativeonline[.]net Has the same Google Adsense account as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
ConservativeSpirit[.]com ConservativeSpirit[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
ConservativeView[.]info ConservativeView[.]info Per PolitiFact. [19]
Conservative Angle Conservativeangle[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Conservative Nation Consnation[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][318]
Conservative Post Conservativepost[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
The Conservative Tree House Theconservativetreehouse[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [40][19]
Consinfo consinfo[.]us Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][268]
cosonline[.]cn cosonline[.]cn Impostor site, per DomainTools. [290][291]
Cyceon Cyceon[.]com Spread false claim about Emmanuel Macron's tax policy proposal during the 2017 French Presidential Election. [302]
Daily Feed News dailyfeed[.]news Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][319]
dailynews3[.]com dailynews3[.]com [27]
dailynews33[.]com dailynews33[.]com [27]
Daily Surge DailySurge[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Cited story from World News Daily Report.

[19][249]
DailyThings[.]world DailyThings[.]world Per PolitiFact. [19]
Daily Insider News Dailyinsidernews[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][318]
The Daily Sceptic dailysceptic[.]org Publishes anti-vaccine and climate change denial misinformation. [320][321]
DamnLeaks[.]com DamnLeaks[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
DefenseUsa[.]club DefenseUsa[.]club Per PolitiFact. [19]
DemocraticMoms[.]com DemocraticMoms[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from Politicalo[.]com.

[19][322]
DemocraticUnderground[.]com DemocraticUnderground[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
DepartedMedia[.]com DepartedMedia[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Published false stories with fabricated images.

[19][323][324]
Diário do Brasil diariodobrasil[.]org Imposter news portal site in Brazil. [325][326]
Dildo the Donald dildothedonald[.]us [133]
Disclose.tv Disclose[.]tv A Germany-based disinformation outlet that started out as a UFO conspiracy forum before rebranding as a news aggregator in 2021. It promotes anti-vaccine narratives and conspiracy theories, and platforms hate speech, including Holocaust denial and neo-Nazism, on its message groups. [327][128][126][328][329][330]
The Disinfo Lab thedisinfolab[.]org Owned by an officer of India's foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. [331][332]
DIYHours[.]net DIYHours[.]net Per PolitiFact. [19]
donaldtrumpdaily[.]info donaldtrumpdaily[.]info Has the same Google Adsense account as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
donaldtrumpliedto[.]us donaldtrumpliedto[.]us [133]
DonaldTrumpPOTUS45[.]com DonaldTrumpPOTUS45[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Empire Herald empireherald[.]com Starting in January 2016, this fake news site had spread many of its hoaxes online in just a few weeks.

Cited story from World News Daily Report.

[21][333][334][335][249]
ENH ENHLive[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied false story from the Boston Tribune.

[19][336][337]
enVolve En-volve[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
Exclusive103 exclusive103[.]com Per Africa Check and DUBAWA. [338][339][340]
The Exposé expose-news[.]com British conspiracist website known for publishing COVID-19 and anti-vaccine misinformation. One of its articles was cited by Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro in a speech falsely claiming that people vaccinated against COVID-19 were developing AIDS.

Copied a false story from The People's Voice.

[341][342][343][344][345]
The Exposé dailyexpose[.]uk URL variation. [346]
FactRider[.]com FactRider[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Federalist Nation Federalistnation[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][347]
The Federalist Tribune federalisttribune[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19]
Fellowship of the Minds Fellowshipoftheminds[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40][348]
Firstpost FirstPost[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Includes "a 'Faking News' section full of intentionally bogus content 'to attract your attention.'"

[19][349]
Flash News Corner Flashnewscorner[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19][350]
FocusNews[.]info FocusNews[.]info Per PolitiFact. [19][351]
ForFreedomWorld[.]com ForFreedomWorld[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][352]
FR24News[.]com fr24news[.]com Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
freddymag[.]com freddymag[.]com Fabricated story about Kendrick Lamar. [47][353][354]
FreedomsFinalStand[.]com FreedomsFinalStand[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][355]
FreeInfoMedia[.]com FreeInfoMedia[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][356]
Free Republic FreeRepublic[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Gateway Pundit thegatewaypundit[.]com A far-right fake news website that repeatedly publishes false stories, including a story involving an unsubstantiated claim that Special Counsel head Robert Mueller sexually assaulted someone. [357][358][359][360][361][362][363][364][112]
GiveMeLiberty01[.]com GiveMeLiberty01[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Globalresearch.ca Globalresearch[.]ca Principal website of the Centre for Research on Globalization, which The Economist in April 2017 called "a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories," and NATO information warfare specialists in November 2017 linked to a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media. [365][366]
The-Global-News[.]com The-Global-News[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
good-kingnews[.]com good-kingnews[.]com Plagiarized article by the Los Angeles Times. [367][368]
GOP The Daily Dose GOPTheDailyDose[.]com Posted anti-Muslim stories and celebrity quotes taken out of context. [369][312]
Gossip Mill Mzansi gossipmillsa[.]com A fake news website using Wordpress, targeting South African affairs. Its misinformation is spread on social media including Facebook and Twitter. [370][371][52]
The Grayzone thegrayzone[.]com Owned by Max Blumenthal, The Grayzone is known for its sympathetic views towards contemporary authoritarian regimes such as Venezuela, Russia and China, as well as conspiracy theories such as denial of the Uyghur genocide and disinformation distributed by the Russian government. [372][373][374][375]
Gummy Post gummypost[.]com Fake news website that has published claims about President Obama issuing a full pardon for convicted rapper C-Murder, musician Kodak Black getting shot outside a nightclub in Florida, and a Hulk Hogan death hoax. [376][377][378]
HealthyCareAndBeauty[.]com HealthyCareAndBeauty[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Healthy Living Thread healthylivingthread[.]com Falsely claimed that nearly 70% of olive oil brands in the USA had canola oil or sunflower oil. [297]
HeightPost[.]com HeightPost[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Higher Perspectives HigherPerspectives[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][379]
hoggwatch[.]us hoggwatch[.]us [133]
The Honey Pot Times thetrojanhoneypot[.]wordpress[.]com Impostor site set up by fact-checker to catch business2community[.]com plagiarizing their work. [73]
IdeaSpots[.]com IdeaSpots[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Igor's Newsletter igor-chudov[.]com Published anti-vaccine misinformation. [380]
iMzansi imzansi[.]com Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [52][381]
Independent Minute IndependentMinute[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][382]
IndiaTimes[.]com IndiaTimes[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
instanthelp24[.]icu instanthelp24[.]icu Published hoax on missing child. Flagged by Google as potential phishing site. [383]
InterestingDailyNews[.]com InterestingDailyNews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
TheInternetPost[.]net TheInternetPost[.]net Per PolitiFact. [19]
IsThatLegit[.]com IsThatLegit[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied false story from BostonLeader[.]com with out-of-context imagery.

[19][384][385]
Jews News jewsnews[.]co[.]il Per PolitiFact.

Reposted a false story from FrontPage Magazine.

[19][386]
Judicial Watch judicialwatch[.]org Conservative activist group known for making false and unsubstantiated claims and filing lawsuits to investigate claimed misconduct, the vast majority of which have been dismissed by courts.[387] [125][128][112][327]
kata33[.]com kata33[.]com [27]
KBC14[.]com KBC14[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
ΚΒΟΙ2.com ΚΒΟΙ2.com Notable for its use of the IDN homograph attack, this fake news site used lookalike letters from other scripts (news coverage of the spoof did not specify which, though the examples listed demonstrate Greek and Cyrillic examples) to spoof the legitimate television station KBOI-TV's website in 2011. (The real KBOI site has since moved to a new domain, IdahoNews.com.) The sole purpose of the fake KBOI site was to spread an April Fool's Day joke regarding Justin Bieber being banned in the state. [388][389]
KCST7[.]com KCST7[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
KF13[.]com KF13[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
klponews[.]com klponews[.]com [27]
Konkonsagh[.]biz Konkonsagh[.]biz Per PolitiFact. [19]
KRB7[.]com KRB7[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
krbcnews[.]com krbcnews[.]com [27]
krebsonsecurity[.]org krebsonsecurity[.]org Imitates Krebs on Security. [290][291]
KTY24news[.]com KTY24news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
LadyLibertysNews[.]com LadyLibertysNews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][390]
landrypost[.]com landrypost[.]com [27]
lanuevaprensa[.]net lanuevaprensa[.]net Spoof of La Nueva Prensa, a news website in Colombia. [391]
LastDeplorables[.]com LastDeplorables[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][392]
Law Enforcement Today lawenforcementtoday[.]com Published fake news about police relations amid the George Floyd protests and source of Oregon fires, as well as material by QAnon supporters.[393] [11][12][394]
LearnProgress[.]org LearnProgress[.]org Per PolitiFact. [19][395][396]
LiberalPlug[.]com LiberalPlug[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Fabricated a quote from a fictitious politician in the United States House of Representatives.

[19][397]
Liberty-Courier[.]com Liberty-Courier[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][318]
LibertyAlliance[.]com LibertyAlliance[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Liberty Writers News LibertyWritersNews[.]com Established in 2015 by Paris Wade and Ben Goldman, who told The Washington Post their stories focus on "violence and chaos and aggressive wording" to attract readers. The stories reflect the positions of supporters of Donald Trump.

A 2018 report by Buzzfeed News linked Wade and Goldman to a Macedonian media attorney who operated numerous "fake news" websites during the six month lead-up to the 2016 Presidential Election. As of 2018, the governments of the United States and "at least two Western European countries" were investigating a possible connection between the Macedonian fake news sites and the Internet Research Agency, as an IRA employee was known to visit North Macedonia in 2015.[398]

[399][400]
The Light thelightpaper[.]co[.]uk Published misleading COVID vaccination claims. [401]
LinkBeef linkbeef[.]com Fake news website that has published claims about the pilot of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 reappearing, a billionaire wanting to recruit 1,000 women to bear his children, and an Adam Sandler death hoax. [402][403][404]
LiveMonitor livemonitor[.]co[.]za Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [52]
lockerdome[.]com lockerdome[.]com Falsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration. [276]
London Web News londonwebnews[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19][405]
losdanieles[.]net losdanieles[.]net Spoof of Los Danieles. Same owner as lanuevaprensa[.]net. [391]
MadWorldNews[.]com MadWorldNews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][406][407]
Maine Republic Email Alert Mainerepublicemailalert[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][408]
Major Thoughts MajorThoughts[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][409][410]
mangozhc[.]cc mangozhc[.]cc Posted same story as WhatRegistrater[.]com. [411]
MBGA News MBGAnews[.]com Brexit-related site that redirects to the Red Pill Factory, which was registered in the USA. [299]
MediaMaxZone[.]com MediaMaxZone[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][412]
Mentor2day[.]com Mentor2day[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
MetropolitanWorlds[.]com MetropolitanWorlds[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
MMinfo24[.]com MMinfo24[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
TheMoralOfTheStory[.]us TheMoralOfTheStory[.]us Per PolitiFact. [19]
Morning Herald morning-herald[.]com Per FactCheck.org [42]
MSMBC[.]co MSMBC[.]co Spoof of MSNBC. Falsely claimed that Steve Burns died in a car accident. [413][414]
msnbc[.]website msnbc[.]website Spoof of MSNBC. [47][27]
MV-media (formerly MV-lehti) mvlehti[.]org A Finnish fake news website that publishes disinformation, pseudoscience, conspiracy theories and Russian state propaganda. The publication has links to the far-right Soldiers of Odin. [415][416][417][418]
Mzansi LIVE mzansilive[.]co[.]za Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [52][419]
Mzansi Stories mzansistories[.]com Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [52]
Naha Daily nahadaily[.]com Defunct This fake news website is now defunct, and was active in a span of five months with fake news articles, including a fake quote by Michael Kors. [21]
Nation[.]com[.]pk Nation[.]com[.]pk Per PolitiFact. [19]
National Insider Politics nationalinsiderpolitics[.]com [276][420]
TheNationalMarijuanaNews[.]com TheNationalMarijuanaNews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
NativeAmericans[.]us NativeAmericans[.]us Per PolitiFact. [19]
nbcpoll[.]co nbcpoll[.]co Falsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration. [276]
Nephef[.]com Nephef[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
TheNet24h[.]com TheNet24h[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
news14kgpn[.]com news14kgpn[.]com [27]
news14now[.]com news14now[.]com [27]
NewsBreakHere[.]com NewsBreakHere[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
NewsBreakingsPipe[.]com NewsBreakingsPipe[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
NewsBySquad[.]com NewsBySquad[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
NewsConservative[.]com NewsConservative[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][421]
newsdag[.]com newsdag[.]com Impostor site, per DomainTools [290][291]
newsdaily10[.]com newsdaily10[.]com [27]
NewsForMeToday[.]com NewsForMeToday[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.

[19][422]
NewsJustForYou1[.]blogspot[.]com NewsJustForYou1[.]blogspot[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][423]
newsnow17[.]com newsnow17[.]com [27]
NewsOfTrump[.]com NewsOfTrump[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][424]
NewsUpToday[.]com NewsUpToday[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][425]
newshubs[.]info newshubs[.]info [47]
NewsWatch28 newswatch28[.]com Previous alias for NewsWatch33. [426]
NewsWatch33 newswatch33[.]com Began in April 2015 under the name NewsWatch28, later becoming NewsWatch33. The website disguises itself as a local television outlet. It has also been known to mix real news along with its fake news in an attempt to circumvent Facebook's crackdown on them.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.

[21][427]
NewzMagazine[.]com NewzMagazine[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Part of an online scam network.

[19][428]
NY Evening News Nyeveningnews[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40][429]
New York Times Post nytimespost[.]com Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
NNettle[.]com NNettle[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
now77news[.]com now77news[.]com Spread false claim about Charles Manson being granted parole in 2017. [430]
nydaiylnews[.]com nydaiylnews[.]com Imitates The New York Daily News. [290][291]
nymeta[.]co nymeta[.]co Per BuzzFeed News and the Associated Press. [47][431][432]
nytimesofficial[.]com nytimesofficial[.]com Impostor site of The New York Times. [290][291]
ObserverOnline[.]news ObserverOnline[.]news Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
ourthoughtsnprayers[.]com ourthoughtsnprayers[.]com [133]
Palmer Report palmerreport[.]com Hyperpartisan liberal political blog known for publishing unsubstantiated or false claims and conspiracy theories, especially on matters relating to Donald Trump and Russia [125][127][128][126]
Patriot Crier PatriotCrier[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][433][434]
Patriot Hangout Patriothangout[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied article from The Rightists, a satire site.

[42][435]
PatriotUSA[.]website PatriotUSA[.]website Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][436][437]
patriotsontheright[.]com patriotsontheright[.]com Falsely claimed that Kathy Griffin was jailed in 2017. [297]
Political Mayhem News PoliticalMayhem[.]news Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Political Tribune Thepoliticaltribune[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][318]
PoliticsPaper[.]com PoliticsPaper[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][438]
PoliticsUSANews[.]com PoliticsUSANews[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
PositiveDaily[.]com PositiveDaily[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Postcard News postcard[.]news Postcard News is an Indian far-right propaganda and news website. In 2019, its founder, Mahesh Hegde, was arrested for a second time on charges of spreading fake news. Repeatedly shared on social media by BJP leaders. [439][440][441][442]
Power Daily Powerdaily[.]us Per FactCheck.org. [42][443]
President 45 Donald Trump President45donaldtrump[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19][444]
Proud Patriots wetheproudpatriots[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [42][19][445]
Prntly prntly[.]com A politically conservative news site described by Snopes as "a disreputable outlet that has a penchant for publishing both fake news and spurious pro-Trump articles".

Copied story from Now 8 News.

[446][447][448]
ProudLeader[.]com ProudLeader[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][449]
Puppet String News Puppetstringnews[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. [40][19][450][451]
RAIR Foundation USA rairfoundation[.]com Spread anti-vaccine misinformation. [452][453]
therealconservative[.]info therealconservative[.]info Has the same IP address as conservativedaily[.]info [298]
RealTrueNews RealTrueNews[.]org Created as a hoax that the author believed would teach his alt-right friends about reader gullibility. [122][454]
RearFront[.]com RearFront[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][455]
Red Pill Factory RedPillFactory[.]uk Published false/partisan claims related to immigration, the yellow vest movement and Brexit. [299]
RedRockTribune[.]com RedRockTribune[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
ReflectionofMind[.]org ReflectionofMind[.]org Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.

[19][422][427]
ReligionMind[.]com ReligionMind[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Published a false story with an out-of-context image and a fabricated attribution to Human Rights Watch.

Copied a story from World News Daily Report.

[19][456][457][458]
The Reporterz thereporterz[.]com Starting in early 2016, this fake news website penned several different hoaxes, including one about a murder over a Twitter trend. [21]
Revolutions2040[.]com Revolutions2040[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
rightforever[.]com rightforever[.]com Falsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration. [276]
Rile News rilenews[.]com [47]
Rogue-Nation3[.]com Rogue-Nation3[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
TheRooster[.]com TheRooster[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
RumorJournal[.]com RumorJournal[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied article from The Rightists, a satire site.

[19][186][459][460]
Santa Monica Observer smobserved[.]com Published false claims about Paul Pelosi in the aftermath of him being attacked in October 2022. [461][462]
saynotopot[.]us saynotopot[.]us [133]
Slay News slaynews[.]com This website has published claims such as that the World Economic Forum wants to use artificial intelligence to write a new bible.

Copied a false story from The People's Voice.

[463][345][464]
Smag31[.]com Smag31[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][465][466]
TheSmokersClub[.]com TheSmokersClub[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Snoopack Snoopack[.]com Published a false story with an out-of-context image.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[467][468][469][470]
snopesisridiculo[.]us snopesisridiculo[.]us [133]
SocialEverythings[.]com SocialEverythings[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Solexchange TheSolExchange[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied a false story from CannaSOS.

[19][307]
South Africa Latest News southafricalatestnews[.]co[.]za Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [52]
South Africa Uncut southafricauncut[.]com Per Africa Check and News24. [471][472]
SouthernConservativeExtra[.]com SouthernConservativeExtra[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied an article from truetrumpers[.]com, a fake news site based in North Macedonia.

[19][473]
sozcu[.]today sozcu[.]today Spoof of Sözcü. [474]
Special News USA SpecialNewsUSA[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Spinzon spinzon[.]com [475][476]
Stillness In The Storm StillnessInTheStorm[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][477]
Super Station 95 SuperStation95[.]com Pirate radio station and corresponding website operated by Hal Turner, who is described as an extremist and white supremacist by the Southern Poverty Law Center. [478][479][480][481][482][483][484]
Supreme Patriot SupremePatriot[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][13]
TDT Alliance TDTAlliance[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Impostor site of Fox News. Fabricated a story with quotes from fictitious persons.

[19][485][486][487]
TeaParty[.]org (1776 Tea Party) TeaParty[.]org Per PolitiFact.

Published false story about Nancy Pelosi.

Published stories from WorldNetDaily.

Its founder, Dale Robertson, attended a Tea Party protest carrying a sign with a racial slur.

Associated with the Minuteman Project.

[19][488][489][490]
Teddy Stick teddystick[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Sourced a false claim from /r/The_Donald.

[42][19][491][492][493]
TEOinfo[.]com TEOinfo[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied article from The People's Cube.

[19][494]
The-Insider[.]co The-Insider[.]co Per PolitiFact. [19]
The Big Riddle TheBigRiddle[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][495]
The Premium News ThePremiumNews[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][449][275]
Third Estate News Group ThirdEstateNewsGroup[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from Your News Wire.

[19][496]
Times[.]com[.]mx Times[.]com[.]mx Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
TopInfoPost[.]com TopInfoPost[.]con Per PolitiFact. [19]
topsecretleaks[.]com topsecretleaks[.]com Falsely claimed that President Trump shutdown jihadi training camps in New York state. [297]
toutelinfo[.]fr toutelinfo[.]fr [133]
Tribune Times Today tribunetimestoday[.]com Impostor site setup by journalist to illustrate point about scammers monetizing impostor news sites via ad revenue. [273]
TrueAmericans[.]me TrueAmericans[.]me Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about Barack Obama on a $1 bill, a false claim that had been circulating since 2012.

[19][497]
True Pundit truepundit[.]com A far-right and fake news website known for publishing conspiracy theories that often credited false stories about the FBI and Hillary Clinton to anonymous sources and claimed the mainstream media was covering it up. [498][499][500][501][502][503][504]
trumpfailedthe[.]us trumpfailedthe[.]us [133]
trumpfooled[.]us trumpfooled[.]us [133]
trumphasscrewed[.]us trumphasscrewed[.]us [133]
trumplet[.]us trumplet[.]us [133]
TheTrumpMedia[.]com TheTrumpMedia[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][505]
The Trumppers thetrumppers[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][179]
The Truth Is Where thetruthiswhere[.]wordpress[.]com Repeats a false claim from the Conservative Beaver. [506]
UConservative uconservative[.]net [507][508][268]
The Unhived Mind theunhivedmind[.]com The Unhived Mind is a far-right fake news website that has frequently been shared on the alt-tech social network Gab. [509]
univverse[.]org univverse[.]org Spread false claim about NASA's Kepler telescope detecting a structure built by extraterrestrials. [430]
Urban Image Magazine UrbanImageMagazine[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Cited story from World News Daily Report.

[19][249]
Urdoca[.]com Urdoca[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
TheUSA-News[.]com TheUSA-News[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USATodayNews[.]me USATodayNews[.]me Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
The USA Conservative theusaconservative[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. The same as Usa-conservative[.]com. [42][19][268]
USA Conservative Usa-conservative[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42]
USA Conservative Report USAConservativeReport[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][510][511]
USA Daily Time USADailyTime[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USADailyThings24[.]com USADailyThings24[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USAFirstInformation[.]com USAFirstInformation[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
usanetwork[.]info usanetwork[.]info Imitates USA Network.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[512][513]
USA News Hub theusanewshub[.]com Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
USANewsHome[.]com USANewsHome[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USANewsToday[.]com USANewsToday[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USAPolitics24hrs[.]com USAPolitics24hrs[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USASnich[.]com USASnich[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
usatosday[.]com usatosday[.]com Imitation of USA Today [290][291]
USA Train News Trainnews[.]info Per FactCheck.org. [40]
USASupreme[.]com USASupreme[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USTruthWIre[.]com USTruthWIre[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
USAWorldBox[.]com USAWorldBox[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
US Advisor USHealthyAdvisor[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Manipulated and misattributed celebrity quote.

[19][277][514]
USHealthyLife[.]com USHealthyLife[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
US Herald USHerald[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][515]
USPoliticsInfo[.]com USPoliticsInfo[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][516]
USSA News Ussanews[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Published false information about COVID-19 vaccinations. Fabricated a letter from the British Ministry of Defense. Promotes QAnon and Holocaust denial conspiracy theories. Shared by Paul Gosar in his newsletter in 2023.

[40][517][518][519][520][521][522]
Veterans For Donald Trump VeteransForDonaldTrump[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Published a false claim with a Photoshopped image as evidence. Its Facebook page was hijacked by a businessman based in North Macedonia in 2019. The original owner had worked with Liberty Writers News and USApoliticstoday[.]com, one of the original sites in the network of North Macedonian fake news sites. One of the co-founders was arrested for carrying weapons during a vote tally during the 2020 US presidential election, and had met with the Proud Boys prior to the January 6th attacks.

[19][523][524][525]
Viral News PBS Viralnewspbs[.]site Per FactCheck.org. [40]
VoxTribune[.]com VoxTribune[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Washington Feed WashingtonFeed[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][526][318][449][507][470]
The Washington Press TheWashingtonPress[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Cites an article by Freedom Daily.

[19][527]
The Washington Time thewashingtontime[.]com Impostor site that plagiarizes CNBC stories. [273]
washinqtonpost[.]com washinqtonpost[.]com Imitates Washington Post [290][291]
Wazanews[.]tk Wazanews[.]tk Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][528][529]
WCMLeaks wcmleaks[.]com Per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory. [530]
WeekendPoliticalNews[.]com WeekendPoliticalNews[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[19][531]
Werk35[.]com Werk35[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
WestfieldPost[.]com WestfieldPost[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
wftj8news[.]com wftj8news[.]com [27]
WhatDoesItMean[.]com WhatDoesItMean[.]com Per PolitiFact.

According to Snopes, the site "actively advanced many invented Clinton conspiracy theories in mid-2016." Cited several times by Fars News Agency.

[19][532][533][534][535][536]
WhatRegistrater[.]com WhatRegistrater[.]com Scam website that imitates Fox News. [411]
whereareyou90[.]club whereareyou90[.]club Published hoax on missing child. Flagged by Google as potential phishing site. [383]
WhyDontYouTryThis[.]com WhyDontYouTryThis[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
Wit The Shit wittheshit[.]com Copied article from Empire News.

Accused of using article spinning.

[133][537][538][539]
wm21news[.]com wm21news[.]com [27]
wmacnews[.]com wmacnews[.]com [27]
wmb36[.]com wmb36[.]com [27]
Woman Daily Tips womandailytips[.]com Claimed that the FDA banned triclosan in toothpastes. [297]
WorldNewsCircle[.]com WorldNewsCircle[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][540]
The World News Press Worldnews-24[.]press Per FactCheck.org. [40]
World Politics Now Worldpoliticsnow[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

[42][19][541]
World[.]Politics[.]com World[.]Politics[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
WorldTruth[.]tv WorldTruth[.]tv Per PolitiFact.

Spread misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines.

[19][542][543][544][545][546][547][548]
TheWorldUpdate[.]com TheWorldUpdate[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19]
wrejnews[.]com wrejnews[.]com [27]
WRPM33[.]com WRPM33[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
WY21news[.]com WY21news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact [19]
XBN-News Xbn-news[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [42][469]
xpouzar[.]com xpouzar[.]com Per Africa Check [549][550]


See also

References

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