This is a list of fortifications past and present, a fortification being a major physical defensive structure often composed of a more or less wall-connected series of forts.

Individual fortifications

listed by name

• A Famosa, built in the 16th century in Malacca by the Portuguese following their defeat of the Malaccan Sultante.
• Alderney
• Alpine Wall
• Anastasian Wall, built in the 5th century across the Thracian peninsula for the protection of Constantinople
• Antonine Wall, built by the Romans in northern Britain
• Atlantic Wall, constructed by the Germans during the Second World War
• Babylon Fortress in Old Cairo.
• Baggush Box
• Bar Lev Line
• Beijing city fortifications
• British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War
  • British hardened field defences of World War II
• Castle of Bouka, Preveza, Greece
• Brimstone Hill Fortress, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Cairo Citadel, Egypt
• Castle Islands Fortifications, Bermuda
• Chester city walls, Chester, England
• Corradino Lines, Paola, Malta
• Cottonera Lines, Cottonera, Malta
• Czechoslovak border fortifications
• Danevirke
• Devils Battery, Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia
• Defense line of Amsterdam
• The Dutch Water Line, protecting the core provinces of the Netherlands, utilising the flooding of areas with water
• Elvas Fortifications, the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the world, protecting the Portuguese garrison border town of Elvas.
• Festungsfront Oder-Warthe-Bogen
• Floriana Lines, Floriana, Malta
• Fort Carré
• Fort Jesus, built in the 15th century in Mombassa by the Portuguese.
• Götavirke (Sweden)
• Great Wall of China, built as a protection from the northern steppe nomads
• Great Abatis Border
• Gustav Line, a fortified German defensive line in Italy during the Second World War
• Hadrian's Wall, built by the Romans in northern Britain
• Hexamilion wall, built across the Isthmus of Corinth
• Hilsea Lines, built to protect Portsmouth
• Hindenburg line
• Humaitá
• Hindenburg Wall
• Intramuros, Manila
• Justinian Walls (in several locations along the borders of the Byzantine empire)
• Klis Fortress in Croatia
• Krepost Sveaborg, Imperial Russian First World War fortifications around Helsinki
• Limes Germanicus, Roman defensive line along the Rhine and in South-western Germany
• Limes Moesiae - defensive frontier system in Southeast Europe, a collection of Roman fortifications between the Black Sea shore and Pannonia, present-day Hungary, consisting primarily of forts along the Danube (so-called Danubian Limes) to protect the Roman provinces of Upper and Lower Moesia south of the river
• Lines of Torres Vedras, built to protect the Lisbon Region, during the Peninsular War
• London Wall, the Roman wall around the city
• Maginot Line, built by France in the 1930s
• Mannerheim Line, built by Finland across the Karelian Isthmus
• Metaxas Line, built during 1936-1940 by Greece along its frontier with Bulgaria
• Molotov Line
• Montségur
• National Redoubt (Belgium)
• Newcastle town wall
• Offa's Dyke, an 8th-century earthwork dividing England and Wales
• Grim's Ditch
• Per Albin Line (Sweden)
• Petrovaradin fortress, in Northern Serbia, Austrian fortress from the 18th century.
• Rupel Fortress, in Northern Greece, later incorporated in the Metaxas Line
• Rupnik Line
• Santa Margherita Lines, in Cospicua, Malta
• Saxon Shore, in southern Britain and northern France
• Siegfried Line, constructed along Nazi Germany's western borders in the 1930s
• Stalin Line, built along the Soviet Union's western borders in the 1930s
• Suomenlinna, an 18th-century fortress in Helsinki
• Victoria Lines, in northern Malta
• York city walls

Articles relating to cities

Europe

• Ceintures de Lyon, built in the 19th century to surround the city of Lyon, France
• Walled city of Jajce, Bosnia
• Walled city of Počitelj, Bosnia
• Walled city of Vratnik, Bosnia
• Walls of Constantinople (modern day Istanbul), surrounding the city since the 4th century
• Walls of Dubrovnik, Croatia
• Roman walls of Lugo, Galicia, surrounding the city since the 1st century
• Walls of Ávila,Spain.
• Walls of Nicosia, Cyprus
• Walls of Ston, Croatia
• Fortifications of Antwerp, Belgium
• Fortifications of Birgu, Malta
• Fortifications of Chania, Crete, Greece
• Fortifications of Famagusta, Cyprus
• Fortifications of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
• Fortifications of London, England
  • Lines of Communication (London), English Civil War fortifications built around London between 1642 and 1643.
  • London Defence Positions
  • Outer London Defence Ring
• Fortifications of Kotor, Montenegro
• Fortifications of Mdina, Malta
• Fortifications of Messina, Sicily, Italy
• Fortifications of Metz, France
• Fortifications of Portsmouth, England
• Fortifications of Senglea, Malta
• Fortifications of Valletta, Malta
• Defence lines of the Netherlands
• List of town walls in England and Wales
• Rocca di Manerba del Garda (Lombardy), Italy.

Africa

• Egypt