John Bel Edwards has been governor since January 11, 2016

The governor of Louisiana is the head of state and head of government of the U.S. state of Louisiana. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Louisiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

Democrat John Bel Edwards has held the office since January 2016.

Governors

Governor of the Territory of Orleans

For the period before purchase, see List of colonial governors of Louisiana.

Louisiana was purchased by the United States from France in 1803.[1] On October 1, 1804, Orleans Territory was organized from the southern part of the Purchase, with the remainder being made the District of Louisiana and placed under the jurisdiction of Indiana Territory.[2] The District of Louisiana would later become Louisiana Territory, but after Orleans Territory became the state of Louisiana, Louisiana Territory was renamed Missouri Territory.[3]

Governor of the Territory of Orleans
Governor Term in office Appointed by
William C. C. Claiborne
(d. 1817)
[4][5][6][7] 		December 20, 1803[a]
–
July 30, 1812
(elected state governor) 		Thomas Jefferson
James Madison

Governors of the State of Louisiana

Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.[15] It seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861,[16] and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861.[17] However, since substantial parts of the state remained in Union hands throughout the war, there were 2 lines of governors elected. Following the end of the American Civil War, Louisiana during Reconstruction was part of the Fifth Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections.[18] Louisiana was readmitted to the Union on July 9, 1868.[19]

The 1812 constitution established the office of governor, to serve for four years[20] starting from the fourth Monday after the election.[21] In 1845, the start date was moved to the fourth Monday of the January after the election;[22] in 1864, it was moved to the second Monday of the January after the election;[23] in 1879 it was moved to the first Monday after the General Assembly announced the election result; the 1921 Constitution fixed the new inauguration date as the second Tuesday in May.[24] The 1974 Constitution changed the date, effective in 1980, to the second Monday of the March following the election; this was amended in 1987, to become effective in 1992, to the second Monday of January.[25] Governors were not allowed to succeed themselves[26] until 1864, when the constitution held no term limits. The restriction on governors succeeding themselves was reintroduced in 1868,[27] removed again in 1879, and again added in 1898.[28] An amendment to the constitution passed in 1966 allowed governors to succeed themselves once before requiring a gap before they can be elected again.[29] Five governors have served nonconsecutive terms. Andre B. Roman, Francis T. Nicholls, and Jimmie Davis each served two non-consecutive terms, while Earl Long and Edwin Edwards both served in three distinct stints.

In the event of a vacancy, the President of the Senate originally acted as governor.[30] The 1845 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor, to be elected at the same time and manner as the governor[31] and who would act as governor in the event of a vacancy.[32] The 1913 constitution established that the lieutenant governor would become governor in case of a vacancy.[33] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on a ticket.[34]

Governors of the State of Louisiana
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[b][c]
1   William C. C. Claiborne
(d. 1817)
[4][5][6][7] 		July 30, 1812[d]
–
December 17, 1816
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Office did not exist
2 Jacques Villeré
(1761–1830)
[37][38][39] 		December 17, 1816
–
December 18, 1820
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1816
3 Thomas B. Robertson
(1779–1828)
[40][41][42] 		December 18, 1820
–
November 15, 1824
(resigned)[e] 		Democratic-
Republican 		1820
4 Henry S. Thibodaux
(1769–1827)
[43][44][45] 		November 15, 1824
–
December 13, 1824
(successor took office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		President of
the Senate
acting as
governor
5 Henry Johnson
(1783–1864)
[46][47][48] 		December 13, 1824
–
December 15, 1828
(term-limited) 		Adams
Republican 		1824
6 Pierre Derbigny
(1769–1829)
[49][50][51] 		December 15, 1828
–
October 6, 1829
(died in office) 		Adams
Republican 		1828
7 Arnaud Beauvais
(1783–1843)
[52][53][54] 		October 6, 1829
–
January 14, 1830
(senate term ended)[f] 		National
Republican 		President of
the Senate
acting
8 Jacques Dupré
(1773–1846)
[55][56][57] 		January 14, 1830
–
January 31, 1831
(did not run) 		National
Republican 		President of
the Senate
acting
9 Andre B. Roman
(1795–1866)
[58][59][60] 		January 31, 1831
–
February 2, 1835 		National
Republican 		1830
(special)[g]
10 Edward Douglass White Sr.
(1795–1847)
[61][62][63] 		February 2, 1835
–
February 4, 1839
(term-limited) 		Whig 1834
9 Andre B. Roman
(1799–1866)
[58][59][60] 		February 4, 1839
–
January 30, 1843
(term-limited) 		Whig 1838
11 Alexandre Mouton
(1804–1885)
[64][65][66] 		January 30, 1843
–
February 12, 1846
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1842[h]
12 Isaac Johnson
(1803–1853)
[67][68][69] 		February 12, 1846[i]
–
January 28, 1850
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1846   Trasimond Landry
13 Joseph Marshall Walker
(1784–1856)
[71][72][73] 		January 28, 1850
–
January 20, 1853
(term-limited)[j] 		Democratic 1849[k] Jean Baptiste Plauché
14 Paul Octave Hébert
(1818–1880)
[76][77][78] 		January 20, 1853[75]
–
January 28, 1856
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1852 William Wood Farmer
(died October 29, 1854)
Robert C. Wickliffe
15 Robert C. Wickliffe
(1819–1895)
[79][80][81] 		January 28, 1856[82]
–
January 23, 1860
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1855 Charles Homer Mouton
(resigned 1856)
William F. Griffin
16 Thomas Overton Moore
(1804–1876)
[83][84][85] 		January 23, 1860
–
January 25, 1864
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1859[l] Henry M. Hyams
17 George Foster Shepley
(1819–1878)
[86][87][88] 		June 2, 1862
–
March 4, 1864
(successor took office) 		Military Military
governor[l][m] 		Vacant
18 Henry Watkins Allen
(1820–1866)
[89][90][91] 		January 25, 1864
–
June 2, 1865
(resigned)[n] 		Democratic 1863
(Confederate)[l] 		Benjamin W. Pearce
19 Michael Hahn
(1830–1886)
[92][93][94] 		March 4, 1864
–
March 4, 1865
(resigned)[o] 		Republican 1864
(Union)[l] 		James Madison Wells
20 James Madison Wells
(1808–1899)
[95][96][97] 		March 4, 1865
–
June 3, 1867
(removed)[p] 		Republican Lieutenant
governor
acting as
governor 		Vacant
1865[l] Albert Voorhies[q]
21 Benjamin Flanders
(1816–1896)
[98][99][100] 		June 6, 1867[r]
–
January 2, 1868
(resigned)[s] 		Provisional Appointed by
military
occupation 		Vacant
22 Joshua Baker
(1799–1885)
[103][104][105] 		January 2, 1868[t]
–
June 27, 1868
(removed)[u] 		Provisional Appointed by
military
occupation
23 Henry C. Warmoth
(1842–1931)
[108][109][110] 		June 27, 1868
–
December 9, 1872
(removed)[v] 		Provisional Appointed by
military
occupation[107]
Republican 1868 Oscar Dunn
(died November 22, 1871)
Vacant
P. B. S. Pinchback
(appointed December 6, 1871)
24 P. B. S. Pinchback
(1837–1921)
[111][112][113] 		December 9, 1872
–
January 13, 1873
(successor took office) 		Republican Lieutenant
governor
acting as
governor 		Vacant
25 John McEnery
(1833–1891)
[114][115] 		January 13, 1873
–
May 22, 1873
(removed)[w] 		Democratic 1872[w] Davidson B. Penn
26 William Pitt Kellogg
(1830–1918)
[118][119][120] 		January 13, 1873
–
January 8, 1877
(term-limited) 		Republican Caesar Antoine
27 Stephen B. Packard
(1839–1922) 		January 8, 1877
–
April 25, 1877
(removed)[x] 		Republican 1876[x][y]
28 Francis T. Nicholls
(1834–1912)
[122][123][124] 		January 8, 1877
–
January 14, 1880
(term-limited) 		Democratic Louis A. Wiltz
29 Louis A. Wiltz
(1843–1881)
[125][126][127] 		January 14, 1880[128]
–
October 16, 1881
(died in office) 		Democratic 1879 Samuel D. McEnery
30 Samuel D. McEnery
(1837–1910)
[129][130][131] 		October 16, 1881
–
May 21, 1888
(lost nomination)[z] 		Democratic Lieutenant
governor
acting as
governor 		William A. Robertson
(removed December 24, 1881)
George L. Walton
1884 Clay Knobloch
28 Francis T. Nicholls
(1834–1912)
[122][123][124] 		May 21, 1888[133]
–
May 16, 1892
(did not run) 		Democratic 1888 James Jeffries
31 Murphy J. Foster
(1849–1921)
[134][135][136] 		May 16, 1892[137]
–
May 21, 1900
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1892 Charles Parlange
(resigned December 11, 1893)
Hiram R. Lott
(died June 2, 1895)
Robert H. Snyder
1896
32 William Wright Heard
(1853–1926)
[138][139][140] 		May 21, 1900[141]
–
May 16, 1904
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1900 Albert Estopinal
33 Newton C. Blanchard
(1849–1922)
[142][143][144] 		May 16, 1904[145]
–
May 18, 1908
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1904 Jared Y. Sanders Sr.
34 Jared Y. Sanders Sr.
(1869–1944)
[146][147][148] 		May 18, 1908[149]
–
May 20, 1912
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1908 Paul M. Lambremont
35 Luther E. Hall
(1869–1921)
[150][151][152] 		May 20, 1912
–
May 15, 1916
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1912 Thomas C. Barret
36 Ruffin G. Pleasant
(1871–1937)
[153][154][155] 		May 15, 1916
–
May 17, 1920
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1916 Fernand Mouton
37 John M. Parker
(1863–1939)
[156][157][158] 		May 17, 1920
–
May 19, 1924
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1920 Hewitt Bouanchaud
(resigned April 12, 1924)
Delos R. Johnson
38 Henry L. Fuqua
(1865–1926)
[159][160][161] 		May 19, 1924
–
October 11, 1926
(died in office) 		Democratic 1924 Oramel H. Simpson
39 Oramel H. Simpson
(1870–1932)
[162][163][164] 		October 11, 1926
–
May 21, 1928
(lost nomination)[aa] 		Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Philip H. Gilbert
40 Huey Long
(1893–1935)
[165][166][167] 		May 21, 1928
–
January 25, 1932
(resigned)[ab] 		Democratic 1928 Paul N. Cyr
(removed March 4, 1931)[ab]
Alvin Olin King
41 Alvin Olin King
(1890–1958)
[170][168][169] 		January 25, 1932
–
May 16, 1932
(successor took office) 		Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
42 Oscar K. Allen
(1882–1936)
[171][172][173] 		May 16, 1932
–
January 28, 1936
(died in office) 		Democratic 1932 John B. Fournet
(resigned January 2, 1935)
James A. Noe
43 James A. Noe
(1890–1976)
[174][175][176] 		January 28, 1936
–
May 12, 1936
(successor took office) 		Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
44 Richard W. Leche
(1898–1965)
[177][178][179] 		May 12, 1936
–
June 26, 1939
(resigned)[ac] 		Democratic 1936 Earl Long
45 Earl Long
(1895–1960)
[180][181][182] 		June 26, 1939
–
May 14, 1940
(lost nomination)[ad] 		Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Coleman Lindsey
46 Sam H. Jones
(1897–1978)
[183][184][185] 		May 14, 1940
–
May 9, 1944
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1940 Marc M. Mouton
47 Jimmie Davis
(1899–2000)
[186][187][188] 		May 9, 1944
–
May 11, 1948
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1944 J. Emile Verret
45 Earl Long
(1895–1960)
[180][181][182] 		May 11, 1948
–
May 13, 1952
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1948 Bill Dodd
48 Robert F. Kennon
(1902–1988)
[189][190][191] 		May 13, 1952
–
May 8, 1956
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1952 C. E. Barham
45 Earl Long
(1895–1960)
[180][181][182] 		May 8, 1956
–
May 10, 1960
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1956 Lether Frazar
47 Jimmie Davis
(1899–2000)
[186][187][188] 		May 10, 1960
–
May 12, 1964
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1960 Taddy Aycock
49 John McKeithen
(1918–1999)
[192][193][194] 		May 12, 1964
–
May 9, 1972
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1964
1968
50 Edwin Edwards
(1927–2021)
[195][196][197] 		May 9, 1972
–
March 10, 1980
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1972 Jimmy Fitzmorris
1975
51 Dave Treen
(1928–2009)
[198][199] 		March 10, 1980
–
March 12, 1984
(lost election) 		Republican 1979 Robert Louis Freeman Sr.[q]
50 Edwin Edwards
(1927–2021)
[195][196][197] 		March 12, 1984
–
March 14, 1988
(withdrew)[ae] 		Democratic 1983
52 Buddy Roemer
(1943–2021)
[200][201] 		March 14, 1988
–
January 13, 1992
(lost election) 		Democratic[af] 1987 Paul Hardy[ag]
50 Edwin Edwards
(1927–2021)
[195][196][197] 		January 13, 1992
–
January 8, 1996
(did not run) 		Democratic 1991 Melinda Schwegmann
53 Mike Foster
(1930–2020)
[202][203] 		January 8, 1996
–
January 12, 2004
(term-limited) 		Republican 1995 Kathleen Blanco
1999
54 Kathleen Blanco
(1942–2019)
[204][205] 		January 12, 2004
–
January 14, 2008
(did not run) 		Democratic 2003 Mitch Landrieu[q]
(resigned May 3, 2010)
55 Bobby Jindal
(b. 1971)
[206][207] 		January 14, 2008
–
January 11, 2016
(term-limited) 		Republican 2007
Scott Angelle[q]
Jay Dardenne
(elected November 22, 2010)
2011
56 John Bel Edwards
(b. 1966)
[208][209] 		January 11, 2016
–
Incumbent[ah] 		Democratic 2015 Billy Nungesser[ag]
2019

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Claiborne was authorized by President Thomas Jefferson on October 31, 1803, to receive the new lands purchased from France,[4] and proclaimed the acquisition of Louisiana in New Orleans on December 20.[8] He was appointed to the position of Governor of Orleans Territory on August 30, 1884, taking office on October 2.[4] He was formally nominated to the position on November 30,[9] and confirmed by the Senate on December 12.[10] He was reappointed on June 8, 1805,[11] during a Senate recess; and was reconfirmed by the Senate on December 23, 1805;[12] November 14, 1808;[13] and November 26, 1811.[14]
  2. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1845.[35]
  3. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  4. ^ Louisiana became a state on April 30, 1812, but Claiborne was not sworn in as state governor until July 30.[36]
  5. ^ Robertson resigned, having been appointed to a joint seat on the United States District Court for both the Eastern and Western Districts of Louisiana.[40]
  6. ^ Sources disagree on why Beauvais' term ended; some say he lost his bid to be reelected as senate president,[53] while others say he resigned so that he could run for governor.[54]
  7. ^ Special election called due to the death of Pierre Derbigny and the succession crisis that followed.[60]
  8. ^ The 1845 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
  9. ^ The 1845 constitution provided that the first governor elected under it "shall be duly installed in office during the first week of their session", explaining the off-schedule commencement date of Thursday, February 12.[70]
  10. ^ While some sources state Walker resigned due to objections to the 1852 constitution,[72][74] no contemporary news reports of his resignation have been found, and Paul Octave Hébert was inaugurated on January 20.[75]
  11. ^ The 1852 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
  12. ^ a b c d e The area around New Orleans was captured by the Union on April 25, 1862. The control was enough that it operated within the United States as the legitimate state of Louisiana, electing members to the United States House of Representatives. With both governments being considered legitimate, both lines are included in all lists of governors. The schism ended when the Confederate governor fled and the whole state came under Union control.
  13. ^ Shepley was appointed military governor by General Benjamin Butler.[88]
  14. ^ Allen fled to Mexico to avoid capture following the American Civil War.[91]
  15. ^ Hahn resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate; however, congressmen from the Confederate states were denied their seats in the 39th United States Congress.[93]
  16. ^ Wells was removed from office by General Philip Sheridan for failing to properly implement Reconstruction reforms.[96][97]
  17. ^ a b c d Represented the Democratic Party
  18. ^ Thomas J. Durant was appointed to replace Wells,[101] but declined the appointment.[102] Flanders was then appointed on June 6 by General Philip Sheridan.[102]
  19. ^ Flanders resigned due to Major General Winfield Scott Hancock's removing Radical Republicans that Flanders had appointed to positions in state government.[100]
  20. ^ Baker was appointed by General Winfield Scott Hancock on January 2 to replace Benjamin Flanders,[105] though he would not take the oath of office until January 8.[106]
  21. ^ Baker was removed from office by General Ulysses S. Grant.[107]
  22. ^ During the 1872 election, Warmoth endorsed John McEnery for governor, and the State Returning Board, which he appointed, declared McEnery the winner. However, a rival board declared William Pitt Kellogg the winner, and the legislature impeached Warmoth on charges related to the election. Impeached officials are suspended from office, so at this time, P. B. S. Pinchback filled the office. The term expired only 35 days later, at which point impeachment charges were dropped, as Warmoth was no longer governor.[108]
  23. ^ a b The State Election Board certified McEnery as the winner of the 1872 election; however, a rival board declared Kellogg the winner, and the legislature went with that. Both McEnery and Kellogg declared victory and formed governments, and conflict culminated in the Battle of Liberty Place and the Colfax massacre. President Ulysses S. Grant issued a proclamation on May 22, 1873, declaring Kellogg the winner.[116][117]
  24. ^ a b Much like the 1872 election, this election was disputed. Both Packard and Nicholls declared victory and formed governments, until President Rutherford B. Hayes recognized Nicholls as governor in the Compromise of 1877.[121]
  25. ^ The 1879 constitution adjusted the election schedule, shortening this term to three years.
  26. ^ McEnery lost the Democratic nomination to Francis T. Nicholls.[132]
  27. ^ Simpson lost the Democratic nomination to Huey Long.[165]
  28. ^ a b Long was elected to the United States Senate for a term beginning March 4, 1931; however, he did not take the seat until January 25, 1932. This was in part to prevent Lieutenant Governor Cyr from replacing him as governor. When the senate term began, Cyr took the oath of office as governor and claimed the office; however, Long called this illegitimate, and said that by taking the oath of office of the governor, he had resigned from being lieutenant governor. This opened the way for the president pro tempore of the senate, Alvin Olin King, to become lieutenant governor, and ultimately succeed Long. Cyr continued to claim the office of governor on and off until 1932, but ultimately lacked recognition.[168][169]
  29. ^ Leche resigned due to a scandal involving mail fraud.[177][179]
  30. ^ Long lost the Democratic nomination to Sam H. Jones.[180]
  31. ^ Edwards was forced into a runoff with fellow Democrat Buddy Roemer, but he withdrew before it occurred, thus giving Roemer the victory.
  32. ^ Roemer switched to the Republican Party late in his term.[200]
  33. ^ a b Represented the Republican Party.
  34. ^ Edwards' second term began on January 13, 2020, and will expire on January 8, 2024; he will be term-limited.

References

General
  • "Governors". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  • "Former Louisiana Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  • McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
  • "Louisiana's Constitutions". Law Library of Louisiana. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Louisiana - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Louisiana (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. ^ Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 23–26. OCLC 69426475.
  2. ^ 2 Stat. 283
  3. ^ 2 Stat. 743
  4. ^ a b c d McMullin pp. 283–286
  5. ^ a b Sobel pp. 555–556
  6. ^ a b "William Charles Cole Claiborne". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  7. ^ a b "William C. C. Claiborne". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  8. ^ "Claiborne, Proclamation to the People of New Orleans, 1803". Humanities Texas. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  9. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 8th Cong., 2nd sess., 30 November 1804, 476. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  10. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 8th Cong., 2nd sess., 12 December 1804, 477. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  11. ^ The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 27.
  12. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 9th Cong., 1st sess., 23 December 1805, 10. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  13. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 10th Cong., 2nd sess., 14 November 1808, 84. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  14. ^ U.S. Senate Exec. Journal. 12th Cong., 1st sess., 26 November 1811, 192. Accessed March 2, 2023.
  15. ^ 2 Stat. 701
  16. ^ "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  17. ^ Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  18. ^ Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. p. 31. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  19. ^ Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: 15 Stat. 73. Proclamation of Louisiana's ratification: 15 Stat. 704.
  20. ^ 1812 Const., art. III, § 2
  21. ^ 1812 Const., art. III, § 5
  22. ^ 1845 Const., art. 40
  23. ^ 1864 Const., art. 45
  24. ^ 1879 Const., art. 61
  25. ^ LA Const., art. IV, § 3
  26. ^ 1812 Const., art. III, § 3
  27. ^ 1868 Const., art. 50
  28. ^ 1898 Const., art. 63
  29. ^ "Louisiana Constitution of 1974" (PDF). Article IV, section 3. A person who has served as governor for more than one and one-half terms in two consecutive terms shall not be elected governor for the succeeding term.
  30. ^ 1812 Const., art III, § 17
  31. ^ 1845 Const., art. 38
  32. ^ 1845 Const., art. 43
  33. ^ 1913 Const., art. 66
  34. ^ "Joint election ticket for Louisiana governor, lt. governor rejected". The Times-Picayune. Associated Press. May 9, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  35. ^ 1845 Const., art. 38
  36. ^ Brown, Everett Somerville (1920). The Constitutional History of the Louisiana Purchase, 1803-1812. University of California Press. p. 195. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  37. ^ Sobel p. 556
  38. ^ "Jacques Philippe Villere". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  39. ^ "Jacques Phillippe Villere". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  40. ^ a b Sobel p. 557
  41. ^ "Thomas Bolling Robertson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  42. ^ "Thomas Bolling Robertson". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  43. ^ Sobel pp. 557–558
  44. ^ "Henry Schuyler Thibodeaux". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  45. ^ "Henry S. Thibodeaux". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  46. ^ Sobel p. 558
  47. ^ "Henry S. Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  48. ^ "Henry S. Johnson". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  49. ^ Sobel pp. 558–559
  50. ^ "Pierre Auguste Charles Bourguignon Derbigny". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  51. ^ "Pierre Auguste Bourguigon Derbigny". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  52. ^ Sobel p. 559
  53. ^ a b "Armand Beauvais". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  54. ^ a b "Arnaud Julie Beauvais". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  55. ^ Sobel p. 560
  56. ^ "Jacques Dupre". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  57. ^ "Jacques Dupre". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  58. ^ a b Sobel pp. 560–561
  59. ^ a b "Andre Bienvenu Roman". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  60. ^ a b c "Andre Bienvenu Roman". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  61. ^ Sobel p. 561
  62. ^ "Edward Douglass White". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  63. ^ "Edward Douglass White". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  64. ^ Sobel p. 562
  65. ^ "Alexandre Mouton". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  66. ^ "Alexandre Mouton". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  67. ^ Sobel pp. 562–563
  68. ^ "Isaac Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  69. ^ "Isaac Johnson". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  70. ^ 1845 Const., art. 153
  71. ^ Sobel pp. 563–564
  72. ^ a b "Joseph Marshall Walker". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  73. ^ "Joseph Marshall Walker". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  74. ^ White, J. T. (1900). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. 10. p. 77. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  75. ^ a b "Installation of the Governor". The Times-Picayune. January 21, 1853. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  76. ^ Sobel p. 564
  77. ^ "Paul Octave Hebert". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  78. ^ "Paul O. Hebert". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  79. ^ Sobel p. 565
  80. ^ "Robert Wickliffe". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  81. ^ "Robert C. Wickliffe". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  82. ^ "The Inauguration Ceremonies". Baton Rouge Daily Gazette and Comet. January 29, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  83. ^ Sobel pp. 565–566
  84. ^ "Thomas Overton Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  85. ^ "Thomas Overton Moore". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  86. ^ Sobel pp. 566–567
  87. ^ "George Foster Shepley". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  88. ^ a b "Gen. George F. Shepley". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  89. ^ Sobel pp. 567–568
  90. ^ "Henry Watkins Allen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  91. ^ a b "Henry Watkins Allen". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  92. ^ Sobel pp. 568–569
  93. ^ a b "Michael Hahn". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  94. ^ "Michael Hahn". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  95. ^ Sobel p. 569
  96. ^ a b "James Madison Wells". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  97. ^ a b "James Madison Wells". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  98. ^ Sobel pp. 569–570
  99. ^ "Benjamin Franklin Flanders". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  100. ^ a b "Benjamin Franklin Flanders". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  101. ^ "The Governor Question". New Orleans Republican. June 4, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. ^ a b "Removal of Gov. Wells". New Orleans Republican. June 7, 1867. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ^ Sobel pp. 570–571
  104. ^ "Joshua Baker". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  105. ^ a b "Joshua Baker". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  106. ^ McPherson, Edward (1868). A Political Manual for 1868. Philip & Solomons. p. 325. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  107. ^ a b "Important Military Order". New Orleans Republican. June 28, 1868. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ^ a b Sobel pp. 571–572
  109. ^ "Henry Clay Warmoth". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  110. ^ "Henry Clay Warmoth". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  111. ^ Sobel p. 572
  112. ^ "Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  113. ^ "P. B. S. Pinchback". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  114. ^ "John McEnery". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  115. ^ "John McEnery". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  116. ^ "William Pitt Kellogg is officially named Governor of Louisiana by President Grant". University of Richmond. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  117. ^ "Statutes of the United States of America passed at the First Session of the Forty-Third Congress". United States Government Printing Office. 1874. p. 293. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  118. ^ Sobel p. 573
  119. ^ "William Pitt Kellogg". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  120. ^ "William Pitt Kellogg". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  121. ^ Kelman, Ari (April 24, 2008). "The Surrender Complete". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  122. ^ a b Sobel pp. 573–574
  123. ^ a b "Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  124. ^ a b "Francis T. Nicholls". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  125. ^ Sobel pp. 574–575
  126. ^ "Louis Aflred Wiltz". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  127. ^ "Louis Alfred Wiltz". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  128. ^ "Editorial Correspondence". Louisiana Capitolian. January 17, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved July 4, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
  129. ^ Sobel p. 575
  130. ^ "Samuel Douglas McEnery". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  131. ^ "Samuel Douglas McEnery". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  132. ^ "Francis T. Nicholls - His Nomination Assured". Bossier Banner-Progress. January 12, 1888. p. 2. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  133. ^ "Inaugurated in Great Style". Omaha Daily World-Herald. May 21, 1888. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  134. ^ Sobel p. 576
  135. ^ "Murphy James Foster". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  136. ^ "Murphy James Foster". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  137. ^ "Murphy J. Foster Inaugurated". The Times-Picayune. May 17, 1892. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  138. ^ Sobel p. 577
  139. ^ "William Wright Heard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  140. ^ "William Wright Heard". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  141. ^ "Heard Is Now Governor". The Times-Picayune. May 22, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  142. ^ Sobel pp. 577–578
  143. ^ "Newton Crain Blanchard". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  144. ^ "Newton C. Blanchard". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  145. ^ "Louisiana's New Executive Takes Oath". The Shreveport Journal. May 16, 1904. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  146. ^ Sobel pp. 578–579
  147. ^ "Jared Young Sanders". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  148. ^ "Jared Y. Sanders". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  149. ^ "Sanders Now Governor". The Times-Democrat. May 19, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  150. ^ Sobel pp. 579–580
  151. ^ "Luther Egbert Hall". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  152. ^ "Luther E. Hall". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  153. ^ Sobel p. 580
  154. ^ "Ruffin G. Pleasant". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  155. ^ "Ruffin G. Pleasant". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  156. ^ Sobel pp. 580–581
  157. ^ "John Milliken Parker". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  158. ^ "John M. Parker". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  159. ^ Sobel pp. 581–582
  160. ^ "Henry L. Fuqua". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  161. ^ "Henry L. Fuqua". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  162. ^ Sobel p. 582
  163. ^ "Oramel Hinckley Simpson". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  164. ^ "Oramel H. Simpson". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  165. ^ a b Sobel pp. 582–583
  166. ^ "Huey Pierce Long". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  167. ^ "Huey P. Long". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  168. ^ a b "Alvin Olin King". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  169. ^ a b "Alvin O. King". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  170. ^ Sobel pp. 583–584
  171. ^ Sobel pp. 584–585
  172. ^ "Oscar Kelly Allen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  173. ^ "Oscar K. Allen". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  174. ^ Sobel p. 585
  175. ^ "James Albert Noe". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  176. ^ "James A. Noe". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  177. ^ a b Sobel pp. 585–586
  178. ^ "Richard Webster Leche". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  179. ^ a b "Richard W. Leche". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  180. ^ a b c d Sobel pp. 586–587
  181. ^ a b c "Earl Kemp Long". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  182. ^ a b c "Earl K. Long". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  183. ^ Sobel pp. 587–588
  184. ^ "Sam Houston Jones". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  185. ^ "Sam H. Jones". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  186. ^ a b Sobel p. 588
  187. ^ a b "James Houston Davis". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  188. ^ a b "Jimmie H. Davis". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  189. ^ Sobel p. 589
  190. ^ "Robert Floyd Kennon". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  191. ^ "Robert F. Kennon". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  192. ^ Sobel p. 590
  193. ^ "John Julian McKeithen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  194. ^ "John J, McKeithen". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  195. ^ a b c Sobel pp. 590–591
  196. ^ a b c "Edwin Washington Edwards". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  197. ^ a b c "Edwin W. Edwards". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  198. ^ "David C. Treen". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  199. ^ "David C. Treen". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  200. ^ a b "Buddy Elson Roemer". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  201. ^ "Charles E. "Buddy" Roemer, III". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  202. ^ "Mike Foster". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  203. ^ "Murphy J. "Mike" Foster". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  204. ^ "Kathleen Babineaux Blanco". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  205. ^ "Kathleen Babineaux Blanco". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  206. ^ "Bobby Jindal". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  207. ^ "Bobby Jindal". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  208. ^ "John Bel Edwards". National Governors Association. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  209. ^ "John Bel Edwards". Secretary of State of Louisiana. Retrieved March 2, 2023.

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