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((short description|None))

((more citations needed|date=January 2021))
This is a list of the heads of state of Italy. The first to take the title was [[Odoacer]], a [[Barbarian kingdoms|barbarian]] military leader, in the late 5th century, followed by the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom|Ostrogothic kings]] up to the mid-6th century. With the [[Franks|Frankish]] conquest of Italy in the 8th century, the [[Carolingians]] assumed the title, which was maintained by subsequent [[Holy Roman Emperors]] throughout the Middle Ages. The last Emperor to claim the title was [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] in the 16th century. During this period, the holders of the title were crowned with the [[Iron Crown of Lombardy]].

From the [[Italian unification|unification of Italy]] in 1861 to 1946 the head of state was the [[King of Italy]], who was the same person as the [[List of monarchs of Sardinia|King of Sardinia]] according to the [[Statuto Albertino|Constitution]]. Italy became a republic under the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution of 1948]] and the monarch was replaced by a [[President of Italy|President]].

==Monarchs==
===As "Rex Italiae"===
* [[Odoacer]] (476–493)
:vassal of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]].

===[[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] (493 – 553)===
* [[Theoderic the Great]] (493 – 526)
* [[Athalaric]] (526 – 534)
* [[Theodahad]] (534 – 536)
* [[Witiges]] (536 – 540)
* [[Ildibad]] (540 – 541)
* [[Eraric]] (541)
* [[Totila]] (541 – 552)
* [[Teia]] (552 – 553)

===[[Kingdom of the Lombards]] (568 – 814)===

((Main|List of kings of the Lombards))
* [[Alboin]] (568 – 572)
* [[Cleph]] (572 – 574)
* ''[[Rule of the dukes]]'' (ten-year interregnum)
* [[Authari]] (584 – 590)
* [[Agilulf]] (591 – c. 616)
* [[Adaloald]] (c. 616 – c. 626)
* [[Arioald]] (c. 626 – 636)
* [[Rothari]] (636 – 652)
* [[Rodoald]] (652 – 653)
* [[Aripert I]] (653 – 661)
* [[Perctarit]] and [[Godepert]] (661 – 662)
* [[Grimoald I of Benevento|Grimoald]] (662 – 671)
* [[Perctarit]] (671 – 688), restored from exile
* [[Alahis]] (688 – 689), rebel
* [[Cunipert|Cunincpert]] (688 – 700)
* [[Liutpert]] (700 – 701)
* [[Raginpert]] (701)
* [[Aripert II]] (701 – 712)
* [[Ansprand]] (712)
* [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] (712 – 744)
* [[Hildeprand]] (744)
* [[Ratchis]] (744 – 749)
* [[Aistulf]] (749 – 756)
* [[Desiderius]] (756 – 774)
* [[Charlemagne]] (774 – 814)

===[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)#Constituent of the Carolingian Empire|Kingdom of Italy]] (781 – 962)===

====[[Carolingian dynasty]] (781 – 888)====
* [[Pippin of Italy|Pippin]] (781 – 810)
* [[Bernard of Italy|Bernard]] (810 – 818)
* [[Louis I the Pious|Louis I]] (818 – 822)
* [[Lothair I]] (822 – 855)
* [[Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis II]] (844 – 875)
* [[Charles II the Bald]] (875 – 877)
* [[Carloman of Bavaria|Carloman]] (877 – 879)
* [[Charles the Fat|Charles III the Fat]] (879 – 887)

====Instability (888 – 962)====

After 887, Italy fell into instability, with many rulers claiming the kingship simultaneously:
* [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]] (888 – 896)
:vassal of the German King [[Arnulf of Carinthia]], reduced to [[March of Friuli|Friuli]] 889-894, deposed by Arnulf in 896.
* [[Guy III of Spoleto|Guy of Spoleto]] (889 – 894)
:opponent of Berengar, ruled most of Italy but was deposed by Arnulf.
* [[Lambert of Spoleto]] (891 – 896)
:subking of his father Guy before 894, reduced to [[Duchy of Spoleto|Spoleto]] 894–895.
* [[Arnulf of Carinthia]] (894 – 899)<ref>Bryce, James ''The Holy Roman Empire'' (1913), pg. xxxv</ref>
** [[Ratold of Italy|Ratold]] (sub-king 896)

In 896, Arnulf and Ratold lost control of Italy, which was divided between Berengar and Lambert:
* [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]] (896 – 924)
:seized Lambert's portion upon the latter's death in 898.
* [[Lambert of Spoleto]] (896 – 898)
* [[Louis the Blind|Louis III of Provence]] (900-905)
:opposed Berengar 900-902 and 905.
* [[Rudolph II of Burgundy]] (922 – 933)
:defeated Berengar but fled Italy in 926.
* [[Hugh of Italy|Hugh of Arles]] (926 – 947)
:elected by Berengar's partisans in 925, resigned to Provence after 945.
* [[Lothair II of Italy|Lothair II of Arles]] (945 – 950)
* [[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar II of Ivrea]] (950 – 961)
:jointly with his son:
* [[Adalbert of Italy|Adalbert of Ivrea]] (950 – 961)

In 951 [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I of Germany]] invaded Italy and was crowned with the [[Iron Crown of Lombardy]]. In 952, Berengar and Adalbert became his vassals but remained kings until being deposed by Otto.

===Holy Roman Empire (962 – 1556)===
((see|Holy Roman Emperors|King of the Romans|List of German monarchs#Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806))

====[[Ottonian dynasty]] (962 – 1024)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Otto the Great.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]
| align="center"| 23 November 912<br />-<br />7 May 973
| align="center"| 962<ref name="Muratori">Lodovico Antonio Muratori, Giuseppe Oggeri Vincenti, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sE8IAAAAQAAJ Annali d'Italia]'', 1788, pp. 78-81.</ref>
| align="center"| 7 May 973
|-
| [[File:Otton2.JPG|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]
| align="center"| 955<br />-<br />7 December 983
| align="center"| c. October 980<ref>According to Sismondi, ''History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages'' (pg. 29), although Otto II was crowned [[King of the Romans]] in 961 and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in 967, he only obtained the Iron Crown at [[Pavia]] in late 980, during his descent into Italy, and prior to his celebrating Christmas at [[Ravenna]].</ref>
| align="center"| 7 December 983
|-
| [[File:Meister der Reichenauer Schule 002.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]
| align="center"| 980<br />-<br />23 January 1002
| align="center"| c. February 996<ref>Although Otto III was crowned [[Holy Roman Emperor]] at Rome on 21 May 996, he was crowned King of Italy at [[Milan]] prior to the death of [[Pope John XV]] in early March 996 - see Comyn, ''History of the Western Empire'', Vol. 1, pg. 123</ref>
| align="center"| 23 January 1002
|-
| [[File:Arduino d'ivrea (2).jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Arduin of Ivrea|Arduin]]
| align="center"| 955<br />-<br />1015
| align="center"| 1002<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 1014
|-
| [[File:Ubf Richard-Wagner-Platz Mosaik Heinrich II.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]<br /><ref>enumerated as successor of [[Henry I the Fowler|Henry I]] who was German King 919–936 but not Emperor.</ref>
| align="center"| 6 May 973<br />-<br />13 July 1024
| align="center"| 1004<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 13 July 1024
|-
|}

====[[Salian dynasty]] (1027 – 1125)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Konrád2.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad I]]<br /><ref>enumerated as successor of [[Conrad I of Germany|Conrad I]] who was German King 911–918 but not Emperor</ref>
| align="center"| 990<br />-<br />4 June 1039
| align="center"| 1026<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 4 June 1039
|-
| [[File:Heinrich III. (HRR) Miniatur.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
| align="center"| 29 October 1017<br />-<br />5 October 1056
| align="center"| 1039<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 5 October 1056
|-
| [[File:Jindra4Salsky.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
| align="center"| 11 November 1050<br />-<br />7 August 1106
| align="center"| 1056<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| December 1105
|-
| [[File:Conrad II of Italy.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Conrad II of Italy]]
| align="center"| 1074<br />-<br />1101
| align="center"| 1093<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 1101
|-
| [[File:Jindra5Salsky.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]<br /><ref>
((cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RY6VmGuAaCkC|title=The Origins of Modern Germany
|first=Geoffrey
|last=Barraclough
|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company
|year=1984
|isbn=0-393-30153-2
))
</ref>
| align="center"| 8 November 1086<br />-<br />23 May 1125
| align="center"| 1106<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 23 May 1125
|-
|}

====[[Süpplingenburg dynasty]] (1125 – 1137)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| align="center"| [[File:Siegel Lothar III.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair III]]
| align="center"| 9 June 1075<br />-<br />4 December 1137
| align="center"| 1125<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 4 December 1137
|-
|}

====[[Hauteville dynasty]] (1130 – 1154)====

Roger II used the title ''King of Sicily and Italy'' until at least 1135; later he used only the title ''King of Sicily, Apulia and Calabria''. Although his realm included the southern Italian mainland, he never exerted any control over the official [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]], and none of his successors claimed the title King of Italy.

{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| align="center"| [[File:Roger II. Sicilsky (cropped1).jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Roger II of Sicily|Roger II]]
| align="center"| 22 December 1095<br />-<br />26 February 1154
| align="center"| 25 December 1130
| align="center"| 26 February 1154
|-
|}

====[[House of Hohenstaufen]] (1128 – 1197)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Konrad III Miniatur 13 Jahrhundert.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]]
| align="center"| 1093<br />-<br />15 February 1152
| align="center"| 1138<ref name="Muratori" /><br>(Also crowned in 1128 in opposition to Lothair<ref>Comyn, Robert. ''History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V'', Vol. I. 1851, p. 191.</ref>)
| align="center"| 1152
|-
| [[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 43r.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]
| align="center"| 1122<br />-<br />10 June 1190
| align="center"| 1154
| align="center"| 1186
|-
| [[File:JindrichVIStauf trun.jpg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]
| align="center"| November 1165<br />-<br />28 September 1197
| align="center"| 1186<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 28 September 1197
|-
|}

====[[House of Welf]] (1208 – 1212)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Ottta4Brunsvicky.jpg|center|60px]]
| align="center"| [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]
| align="center"| 1175 or 1176<br />-<br />19 May 1218
| align="center"| 1209<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 1212
|-
|}

====[[House of Hohenstaufen]] (1212 – 1254)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8% | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Frederick II and eagle.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Arms of Swabia (lions passant regardant).svg|60px|center]]
| [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]<br><small>(Friedrich II)</small>
| align="center"| 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250
| align="center"| 5 December 1212
| align="center"| 13 December 1250
|-
| [[File:Jindra7.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Arms of Swabia (lions passant regardant).svg|60px|center]]
| [[Henry (VII) of Germany|Henry]]<br><small>(Heinrich (VII))</small>
| align="center"| 1211 – 12 February 1242
| align="center"| 23 April 1220
| align="center"| 12 February 1242
|-
|[[File:Conrad IV of Germany.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Arms of Swabia (lions passant regardant).svg|60px|center]]
|[[Conrad IV of Germany|Conrad IV]]<br><small>(Konrad IV)</small>
| align="center"| 25 April 1228 – 21 May 1254
| align="center"| May 1237
| align="center"| 21 May 1254
|}

====[[House of Luxembourg]] (1311 – 1313)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8% | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Henry7Luc.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Henric van Lusenborch.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]
| align="center"| 1275<ref>Kleinhenz, Christopher, ''Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1'', Routledge, 2004, pg. 494</ref><br />-<br />24 August 1313
| align="center"| 6 January 1311<ref>Jones, Michael, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VI: c. 1300-c. 1415'', Cambridge University Press, 2000, pg. 533</ref>
| align="center"| 24 August 1313
|-
|}

====[[House of Wittelsbach]] (1327 – 1347)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8% | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Ludwig der Bayer.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Bavaria Wittelsbach coa medieval.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]]
| align="center"| 1 April 1282<br />-<br />11 October 1347
| align="center"| 1327
| align="center"| 11 October 1347
|-
|}

====[[House of Luxembourg]] (1355 – 1437)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8% | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Charles IV-John Ocko votive picture-fragment.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Insigne Cechicum.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]
| align="center"| 14 May 1316<br />-<br />29 November 1378
| align="center"| 1355<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 29 November 1378
|-
| [[File:Zikmund Zhořelecka radnice.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Sigismund Arms Hungarian Czech per pale.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]]
| align="center"| 14 February 1368<br />-<br />9 December 1437
| align="center"| 1431<ref name="Muratori" />
| align="center"| 9 December 1437
|-
|}

====[[House of Habsburg]] (1437 – 1556)====
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8%  | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Hans Burgkmair d. Ä. 005.jpg|60px|center]]
|  [[File:Bindenschild Privilegium maius 1512.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]
| align="center"| 21 September 1415<br />-<br />19 August 1493
| align="center"| 16 March 1452
| align="center"| 19 August 1493
|-
| [[File:Charles I of Spain.jpg|60px|center]]
| [[File:Bindenschild Privilegium maius 1512.svg|60px|center]]
| align="center"| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
| align="center"| 24 February 1500<br />-<br />21 September 1558
| align="center"| 24 February 1530<ref name="Argenti">Philip Pandely Argenti, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dpk3AAAAIAAJ Chius Vincta]'', 1941, p. xvii.</ref>
| align="center"| 16 January 1556
|-
|}

Charles V was the last emperor to be crowned king of Italy, or to officially use the title.<ref name="Muratori" /> The Habsburg emperors claimed the Italian crown until 1801. The empire continued to include Italian territories until its dissolution in 1806.

===[[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] (1805–1814), [[House of Bonaparte]]===
{| width=90% class="wikitable"
! width=8%  | Image
! width=8%  | Coat of Arms
! width=15% | Name
! width=8%  | Life
! width=8%  | Coronation
! width=8%  | Ceased to be King
|-
| [[File:Napoleon I of France by Andrea Appiani.jpg|60px|centre]]
| [[File:Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814), round shield version.svg|60px|centre]]
| align="center"| [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
| align="center"| 15 August 1769<br />-<br />5 May 1821
| align="center"| 17 March 1805
| align="center"| 11 April 1814
|}

===Full title===
This title is present on Italian laws proclaimed by Napoleon I:

[Name]'', [[by the Grace of God]] and the Constitutions, Emperor of the French and King of Italy''.

===[[Kingdom of Italy]] (1861–1946), [[House of Savoy]]===
The succession to the throne of Italy was the same as the succession to the throne of the Sardinia.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=3|Monarch
! colspan=3|Reign
! rowspan=2|Position
! rowspan=2|Royal House
|-
! <small>#</small>
! <small>Portrait</small>
! <small>Name</small>
! <small>Reign start</small>
! <small>Reign end</small>
! <small>Duration</small>
|-
! 1
| [[File:Ritratto di S.M. Vittorio Emanuele II.jpg|60px]]
| '''[[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]]'''<br /><small>(1820–1878)</small>
| ((nowrap|17 March)) 1861
| ((nowrap|9 January)) 1878
| ((age in years and days|1861|3|17|1878|1|9))
| [[King of Italy]]
| [[House of Savoy]]
|-
! 2
| [[File:Fratelli Vianelli (Giuseppe e Luigi, flor. 1860-1890 ca) - VE - Umberto I di Savoia 1.jpg|60px]]
| '''[[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]'''<br /><small>(1844–1900)</small>
| ((nowrap|9 January)) 1878
| ((nowrap|29 July)) 1900
| ((age in years and days|1878|1|9|1900|7|29))
| [[King of Italy]]
| [[House of Savoy]]
|-
! 3
| [[File:Vitorioemanuel.jpg|60px]]
| '''[[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]'''<br /><small>(1869–1947)</small>
| ((nowrap|29 July)) 1900
| ((nowrap|9 May)) 1946<br /><small>(Abdicated)</small>
| ((age in years and days|1900|7|29|1946|5|9))
| [[King of Italy]]<br />[[Emperor of Ethiopia]] <small>(1936–1941)</small><br />[[King of Albania]] <small>(1939–1943)</small>
| [[House of Savoy]]
|-
! 4
| [[File:Umberto II, 1944.jpg|60px]]
| '''[[Umberto II of Italy|Umberto II]]'''<br /><small>(1904–1983)</small>
| ((nowrap|9 May)) 1946
| ((nowrap|12 June)) 1946<br /><small>([[1946 Italian constitutional referendum|Deposed]])</small>
| ((age in years and days|1946|5|9|1946|6|18))
| [[King of Italy]]
| [[House of Savoy]]
|-
|}

==Provisional head of state==
After the [[1946 Italian constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]] which took place at the same time as the [[1946 Italian general election|general election]] 54.3% voted for a republic. The [[Constituent Assembly of Italy|Constituent Assembly]] which had the power to rule Italy until a new constitution for the republic was drawn up. The provisional Head of State after Alcide De Gasperi who exercised the powers after the King of Italy left was Enrico De Nicola who was proclaimed in 1946 but he was called ''Temporary Chief of State'' because he did not want to be called ''President of the Republic'' until the constitution was law.

{| class=wikitable
! align=left width=10|No.
! Portrait
! width=22%|Name
! align=left width=10|Term
! align=center colspan=2|Tenure
! align=left|Election Year<br />Voter Percentage 
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Alcide de Gasperi 2.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Alcide De Gasperi]]'''<br /><small>(1881–1954)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>12 June</small><br />1946
|<small>1 July</small><br />1946
| —
|-
|colspan=5|<small>He exercised the powers of Provisional Head of State as [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]] between the departure of [[Umberto II of Italy|King Umberto II]] on 12 June 1946, and the proclamation of [[Enrico De Nicola]] as Head of State by the [[Constituent Assembly of Italy|Constituent Assembly]]</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=3 style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|align=center rowspan=3 |[[File:De Nicola ritratto.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=3 |'''[[Enrico De Nicola]]'''<br /><small>(1877–1959)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|<small>1 July</small><br />1946
|<small>25 June</small><br />1947
|[[1946 Italian presidential election|1946]] — 78.57%<br />396
|-
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''2'''))
|<small>26 June</small><br />1947
|<small>1 January</small><br />1948
|[[1947 Italian presidential election|1947]] — 93.96%<br />405
|-
|colspan=5|<small></small>
|-
|}

==Presidents==
Under the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution]], the first constitution of the Republic of Italy, the President replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by [[Italian Parliament|Parliament]] and [[Politics of Italy#Regional governments|Regional governments]] for a seven-year term. In the event of a vacancy the [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President]] of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate]] served as [[acting (law)|Acting]] President.

; Parties
''Traditionally, Presidents have not been members of any political party during their tenure, in order to be considered above partisan interests. The parties shown are those to which the President belonged at the time they took office.''
*'''<small>1946–1993:</small>'''
((legend2|((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)))|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Democratic Party (Italy)))|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party))|[[Italian Democratic Socialist Party|Democratic Socialist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Italian Liberal Party))|[[Italian Liberal Party|Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Italian Socialist Party))|[[Italian Socialist Party|Socialist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
*'''<small>Since 1994:</small>'''
((legend2|((party color|Democrats of the Left))|[[Democrats of the Left]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Democratic Party (Italy)))|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))
((legend2|((party color|Independent (politician)))|[[Independent (politics)|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA))

;Status
((legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes President of the Senate acting as President))
{| class=wikitable
! align=left width=10|No.
! Portrait
! width=22%|Name
! align=left width=10|Term
! align=center colspan=2|Tenure
! align=left|Election Year<br />Voter Percentage 
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:De Nicola ritratto.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Enrico De Nicola]]'''<br /><small>(1877–1959)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''2'''))
|<small>1 January</small><br />1948
|<small>12 May</small><br />1948
|[[1947 Italian presidential election|1947]] — 93.96%<br />405
|-
| colspan="4" |<small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''2'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Luigi Einaudi.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Luigi Einaudi]]'''<br /><small>(1874–1961)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Liberal Party));" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|<small>12 May</small><br />1948
|<small>11 May</small><br />1955
|[[1948 Italian presidential election|1948]] — 59.40%<br />518
|-
| colspan="4" |<small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''3'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Giovanni Gronchi.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Giovanni Gronchi]]'''<br /><small>(1887–1978)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>11 May</small><br />1955
|<small>11 May</small><br />1962
|[[1955 Italian presidential election|1955]] — 78.90%<br />658
|-
| colspan="4" |<small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''4'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Antonio Segni 1.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Antonio Segni]]'''<br /><small>(1891–1972)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>11 May</small><br />1962
|<small>6 December</small><br />1964
|[[1962 Italian presidential election|1962]] — 52.60%<br />443
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Cesare Merzagora.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Cesare Merzagora]]'''<br /><small>(1898–1991)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>6 December</small><br />1964
|<small>29 December</small><br />1964
| —
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[1964 Italian presidential election|1964 presidential election]]</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party));" |((color|black|'''5'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Giuseppe Saragat.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Giuseppe Saragat]]'''<br /><small>(1898–1988)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>29 December</small><br />1964
|<small>29 December</small><br />1971
|[[1964 Italian presidential election|1964]] — 68.90%<br />646
|-
| colspan="4" |<small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''6'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Giovanni Leone Official.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Giovanni Leone]]'''<br /><small>(1908–2001)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>29 December</small><br />1971
|<small>15 June</small><br />1978
|[[1971 Italian presidential election|1971]] — 52.00%<br />518
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Amintore Fanfani crop.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Amintore Fanfani]]'''<br /><small>(1908–1999)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>15 June</small><br />1978
|<small>9 July</small><br />1978
| —
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[1978 Italian presidential election|1978 presidential election]]</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian Socialist Party));" |((color|black|'''7'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Pertini ritratto.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Sandro Pertini]]'''<br /><small>(1896–1990)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian Socialist Party));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>9 July</small><br />1978
|<small>29 June</small><br />1985
|[[1978 Italian presidential election|1978]] — 83.61%<br />832
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=3 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''8'''))
|align=center rowspan=3 |[[File:Cossiga Francesco.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=3 |'''[[Francesco Cossiga]]'''<br /><small>(1928–2010)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|<small>29 June</small><br />1985
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|<small>3 July</small><br />1985
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"| —
|-
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>3 July</small><br />1985
|<small>28 April</small><br />1992
|[[1985 Italian presidential election|1985]] — 75.20%<br />754
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[1985 Italian presidential election|1985 presidential election]] which he won.<br />Resigned</small>
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian Republican Party));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Giovanni Spadolini.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Giovanni Spadolini]]'''<br /><small>(1925–1994)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>28 April</small><br />1992
|<small>28 May</small><br />1992
| —
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[1992 Italian presidential election|1992 presidential election]]</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''9'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 3.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]]'''<br /><small>(1918–2012)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>28 May</small><br />1992
|<small>15 May</small><br />1999
|[[1992 Italian presidential election|1992]] — 67.06%<br />672
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Italian People's Party (1994)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Nicola Mancino.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Nicola Mancino]]'''<br /><small>(1931–)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Italian People's Party (1994)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>15 May</small><br />1999
|<small>18 May</small><br />1999
| —
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[1999 Italian presidential election|1999 presidential election]]</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician)));" |((color|black|'''10'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Ciampi ritratto.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]'''<br /><small>(1920–2016)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>18 May</small><br />1999
|<small>15 May</small><br />2006
|[[1999 Italian presidential election|1999]] — 71.41%<br />707
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-
|align=center rowspan=3 style="background:((party color|Democrats of the Left));" |((color|white|'''11'''))
|align=center rowspan=3|[[File:Presidente Napolitano.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=3|'''[[Giorgio Napolitano]]'''<br /><small>(1925–2023)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Democrats of the Left));" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|<small>15 May</small><br />2006
|<small>20 April</small><br />2013
|[[2006 Italian presidential election|2006]] — 54.85%<br />543
|-
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician)));" |((color|black|'''2'''))
|<small>20 April</small><br />2013
|<small>14 January</small><br />2015
|[[2013 Italian presidential election|2013]] — 74.10%<br />738
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>Resigned</small>
|-style="background:#e6e6aa;"
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Democratic Party (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|align=center rowspan=2 |[[File:Pietro Grasso - Festa Unità Roma 2012.JPG|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Pietro Grasso]]'''<br /><small>(1945–)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Democratic Party (Italy)));" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|<small>14 January</small><br />2015
|<small>3 February</small><br />2015
| —
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>As [[List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy|President of the Senate]] he acted as President until after the [[2015 Italian presidential election|2015 presidential election]]</small>
|-
|-
|align=center rowspan=2 style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician)));" |((color|black|'''12'''))
| align="center" |[[File:Sergio Mattarella Presidente della Repubblica Italiana.jpg|60px]]
|align=center rowspan=2 |'''[[Sergio Mattarella]]'''<br /><small>(1941–)</small>
|align=center style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician)));" |((color|black|'''1'''))
|<small>3 February</small><br />2015
|Incumbent
|[[2015 Italian presidential election|2015]] — 65.91%<br />665
|}

==Styles==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! Years
! Title of Head of State
|-
| rowspan=6|((flag|Kingdom of Italy|name=Kingdom))
| 1861
| [[King of Italy]]<br />''((lang|it|Re d'Italia))''
|-
| 1861 - 1936
| By the Grace of God and by the Will of the Nation [[King of Italy]]<br />''((lang|it|Con la grazia di Dio e per la Volontà della Nazione Re d'Italia))''
|-
| 1936 – 1939
| By the Grace of God and by the Will of the Nation [[King of Italy]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]]<br />''((lang|it|Con la grazia di Dio e per la Volontà della Nazione Re d'Italia, Imperatore d'Etiopia))''
|-
| 1939 – 1943
| By the Grace of God and by the Will of the Nation [[King of Italy]] [[King of Albania|and of Albania]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]]<br />((lang|it|Con la grazia di Dio e per la Volontà della Nazione Re d'Italia e di Albania, Imperatore d'Etiopia))
|-
| 1943 - 1946
| By the Grace of God and by the Will of the Nation King of Italy<br />''((lang|it|Con la grazia di Dio e per la Volontà della Nazione Re d'Italia))''
|-
| 1946
| [[King of Italy]]<br />''((lang|it|Re d'Italia))''
|-
| rowspan=2|((flag|Italy|name=Republic))
| 1946 – 1948
| Temporary Chief of State<br />''((lang|it|Capo provvisorio dello Stato))''
|-
| 1948 – Present
| [[President of Italy|President of the Italian Republic]]<br />''((lang|it|Presidente della Repubblica Italiana))''
|-
|}

==References==
((Reflist))

((Heads of State of Italy))

((DEFAULTSORT:Heads of state of Italy))
[[Category:Heads of state of Italy|.]]
[[Category:Italy politics-related lists|Heads of state]]
[[Category:Italy history-related lists|Heads of state]]
[[Category:Lists of heads of state|Italy]]
[[Category:Political history of Italy|Heads of state]]
[[Category:Lists of Italian people|Heads of state]]

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