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Since the 1970s, over 90 banks in the United States with US$1 billion or more in assets have failed. The list below is based on assets at the time of failure of banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.[1][2]

Bank City State Year Assets at time of failure Ref.
Nominal Inflation-adjusted (2022)
Washington Mutual Seattle Washington 2008 $307 billion $417 billion [3]
First Republic Bank San Francisco California 2023 $229 billion $229 billion [4][5]
Silicon Valley Bank Santa Clara California 2023 $209 billion $209 billion [6]
Signature Bank New York New York 2023 $118 billion $118 billion [7]
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Chicago Illinois 1984 $40.0 billion $113 billion [3][8]
First Republic Bank Corporation Dallas Texas 1988 $32.5 billion $80 billion [9]
American Savings and Loan Stockton California 1988 $30.2 billion $75 billion
Bank of New England Boston Massachusetts 1991 $21.7 billion $47 billion [9]
IndyMac Pasadena California 2008 $32.0 billion $43 billion [10]
MCorp Dallas Texas 1989 $18.5 billion $44 billion
Gibraltar Savings and Loan Simi Valley California 1989 $15.1 billion $36 billion
Colonial Bank Montgomery Alabama 2009 $25.0 billion $34 billion [11]
First City National Bank Houston Texas 1988 $13.0 billion $32 billion
HomeFed Bank San Diego California 1992 $12.2 billion $25 billion
FBOP Corp banking subsidiaries Oak Park Illinois 2009 $18.4 billion $25 billion
Southeast Bank Miami Florida 1991 $10.5 billion $23 billion
City Federal Savings and Loan Elizabeth New Jersey 1989 $9.8 billion $23 billion
Goldome Buffalo New York 1991 $9.9 billion $21 billion
Imperial Federal Savings Assoc. San Diego California 1990 $9.6 billion $22 billion
Franklin National Bank New York New York 1974 $3.7 billion $22 billion
Great American Bank San Diego California 1991 $9.5 billion $20 billion
CenTrust Bank Miami Florida 1990 $8.2 billion $18 billion
Empire of America Savings Buffalo New York 1990 $8.2 billion $18 billion
Guaranty Bank Austin Texas 2009 $13.0 billion $18 billion [12]
Downey Savings and Loan Newport Beach California 2008 $12.8 billion $17 billion [5]
BankUnited FSB Coral Gables Florida 2009 $12.8 billion $17 billion [12]
AmTrust Bank Cleveland Ohio 2009 $12.0 billion $16 billion [5]
WesternBank Mayagüez Puerto Rico 2010 $11.9 billion $16 billion
Gibraltar Savings Association Houston Texas 1988 $6.5 billion $16 billion
United Commercial Bank San Francisco California 2009 $11.2 billion $15 billion
Crossland Savings Bank Brooklyn New York 1992 $7.4 billion $15 billion
The Connecticut Bank & Trust Co. Hartford Connecticut 1991 $7.2 billion $15 billion
MeraBank Phoenix Arizona 1990 $6.3 billion $14 billion
Sunbelt Savings Irving Texas 1991 $6.0 billion $13 billion
Western Savings and Loan Phoenix Arizona 1989 $5.7 billion $13 billion
Columbia Savings & Loan Assn. Beverly Hills California 1991 $5.4 billion $12 billion
Lincoln Savings and Loan Association Irvine California 1989 $4.9 billion $12 billion
California National Bank Los Angeles California 2009 $7.8 billion $10.6 billion
Corus Bank Chicago Illinois 2009 $7.0 billion $9.5 billion [12]
United States National Bank San Diego California 1973 $1.3 billion $8.6 billion [13]
First Federal Bank of California Santa Monica California 2009 $6.1 billion $8.3 billion
R-G Premier Bank of Puerto Rico Hato Rey Puerto Rico 2010 $5.9 billion $7.9 billion
Doral Bank San Juan Puerto Rico 2015 $5.9 billion $7.3 billion [14]
Franklin Bank Houston Texas 2008 $5.1 billion $6.9 billion
Silverton Bank Atlanta Georgia 2009 $4.1 billion $5.6 billion
Imperial Capital Bank La Jolla California 2009 $4.0 billion $5.5 billion
PFF Bank & Trust Pomona California 2008 $3.7 billion $5 billion
La Jolla Bank La Jolla California 2010 $3.6 billion $4.8 billion
Frontier Bank Everett Washington 2010 $3.5 billion $4.7 billion
First National Bank of Nevada Reno Nevada 2008 $3.4 billion $4.6 billion
Amcore Bank Rockford Illinois 2010 $3.4 billion $4.6 billion
Riverside National Bank of Florida Fort Pierce Florida 2010 $3.4 billion $4.6 billion
Midwest Bank and Trust Company Elmwood Park Illinois 2010 $3.2 billion $4.3 billion
First National Bank, also operating as The National Bank of El Paso Edinburg Texas 2013 $3.1 billion $3.9 billion [15]
Superior Bank Birmingham Alabama 2011 $3.0 billion $3.9 billion [16]
TierOne Bank Lincoln Nebraska 2010 $2.8 billion $3.8 billion
Irwin Union Bank and Trust Company Columbus Indiana 2009 $2.7 billion $3.7 billion
Orion Bank Naples Florida 2009 $2.7 billion $3.7 billion
EuroBank San Juan Puerto Rico 2010 $2.6 billion $3.5 billion
First Community Bank Taos New Mexico 2011 $2.3 billion $3 billion
Integra Bank, N.A. Evansville Indiana 2011 $2.2 billion $2.9 billion
ANB Financial Bentonville Arkansas 2008 $2.1 billion $2.9 billion
First Regional Bank Los Angeles California 2010 $2.1 billion $2.8 billion
ShoreBank Chicago Illinois 2010 $2.1 billion $2.8 billion
Silver State Bank Henderson Nevada 2008 $2.0 billion $2.7 billion
New Frontier Bank Greeley Colorado 2009 $2.0 billion $2.7 billion
Georgian Bank Atlanta Georgia 2009 $2.0 billion $2.7 billion
Vineyard Bank Rancho Cucamonga California 2009 $1.9 billion $2.6 billion
Peoples First Community Bank Panama City Florida 2009 $1.8 billion $2.5 billion
County Bank Merced California 2009 $1.7 billion $2.3 billion
Hillcrest Bank Overland Park Kansas 2010 $1.6 billion $2.1 billion
Advanta Bank Corp. Draper Utah 2010 $1.6 billion $2.1 billion
CF Bancorp Port Huron Michigan 2010 $1.6 billion $2.1 billion
Mutual Bank Harvey Illinois 2009 $1.6 billion $2.2 billion
Hamilton Bank Miami Florida 2002 $1.3 billion $2.1 billion
Community Bank of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada 2009 $1.5 billion $2 billion
First Bank of Beverly Hills Calabasas California 2009 $1.5 billion $2 billion
Temecula Valley Bank Temecula California 2009 $1.5 billion $2 billion
New South Federal Savings Bank Irondale Alabama 2009 $1.5 billion $2 billion
Community Banks of Colorado Greenwood Village Colorado 2011 $1.4 billion $1.8 billion
Horizon Bank Bellingham Washington 2010 $1.3 billion $1.7 billion
Premier Bank Jefferson City Missouri 2010 $1.2 billion $1.6 billion
Broadway Bank Chicago Illinois 2010 $1.2 billion $1.6 billion
Security Bank of Bibb County Macon Georgia 2009 $1.2 billion $1.6 billion
Charter Bank Santa Fe New Mexico 2010 $1.2 billion $1.6 billion
Alliance Bank Culver City California 2009 $1.1 billion $1.5 billion
City Bank Lynnwood Washington 2010 $1.1 billion $1.5 billion
Columbia River Bank The Dalles Oregon 2010 $1.1 billion $1.5 billion
Community Bank and Trust Cornelia Georgia 2010 $1.1 billion $1.5 billion
Integrity Bank Alpharetta Georgia 2008 $1.1 billion $1.5 billion
Affinity Bank Ventura California 2009 $1.0 billion $1.4 billion
Appalachian Community Bank Ellijay Georgia 2010 $1.0 billion $1.3 billion

See also

References

  1. ^ Palumbo, Angela; Vanjani, Karishma; English, Carleton (March 9, 2023). "Silicon Valley Bank Shut Down, Biggest Bank to Fail Since Financial Crisis". Barron's. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  2. ^ "Status of Washington Mutual Bank Receivership". FDIC. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  3. ^ a b Comlay, Elinor; Stempel, Jonathan (September 25, 2009). "WaMu is largest U.S. bank failure". Reuters.
  4. ^ "JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, Columbus, Ohio Assumes All the Deposits of First Republic Bank, San Francisco, California". FDIC. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Brooks, Khristopher J.; Dakss, Brian (May 1, 2023). "Troubled First Republic Bank seized and sold to JPMorgan Chase". CBS MoneyWatch.
  6. ^ Flitter, Emily; Copeland, Rob (March 10, 2023). "Silicon Valley Bank Fails After Run on Deposits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  7. ^ "Joint Statement by Treasury, Federal Reserve, and FDIC". The Federal Reserve Board. March 2023.
  8. ^ Haltom, Renee (May 1984). "Failure of Continental Illinois". Federal Reserve History.
  9. ^ a b "Ending "Too Big to Fail"". Federal Reserve. March 4, 2013.
  10. ^ Russell, Karl; Zhang, Christine (March 11, 2023). "The Second-Biggest Bank Failure". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  11. ^ "Colonial Bank dissolved, marking 2009's biggest bank failure". France 24. August 15, 2009.
  12. ^ a b c Sherter, Alain (September 12, 2009). "Corus Seized in Fourth-Largest Bank Failure This Year". CBS MoneyWatch.
  13. ^ Wright, Robert (October 22, 1973). "Dubious Loans Led To Bank's Collapse". The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  14. ^ Kuriloff, Aaron (February 28, 2015). "Doral Bank Fails After Years of Tumult". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  15. ^ Danner, Patrick (September 13, 2013). "Edinburg bank is closed by the feds and sold". My San Antonio. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  16. ^ Amy, Jeff (April 16, 2011). "Superior and Nexity banks seized by regulators". Al.com. Retrieved April 8, 2023.

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