According to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the fifteen largest trading partners of India represent 61.67% of total trade by India in the financial year 2022–23.^[1] These figures include trade in goods and commodities, but do not include services or foreign direct investment.

The two largest goods traded by India are mineral fuels (refined / unrefined) and gold (finished gold ware / gold metal). In the year 2013–14, mineral fuels (HS code 27) were the largest traded item with 181.383 billion US$ worth imports and 64.685 billion US$ worth re-exports after refining. In the year 2024–2025, gold and its finished items (HS code 71) were the second-largest traded items with 558.465 billion US$ worth imports and 41.692 billion US$ worth re-exports after value addition. These two goods are constituting 53% total imports, 34% total exports and nearly 100% of total trade deficit (136 billion US$) of India in the financial year 2013–14.^[2] The services trade (exports and imports) are not part of commodities trade. The trade surplus in services trade is US$70 billion in the year 2017–18.^[3]

Counting the European Union (EU) as one, the World Trade Organisation ranks India fifth for commercial services exports and sixth for commercial services imports.^[4]

The two primary destinations of India's exports are the EU and the United States, whereas the China and the EU are the two primary countries from which India's imports come from.^[1] These figures include trade in goods and commodities, but do not include services or foreign direct investment.

Largest trading partners with India

(Financial Year 2022–23) in $^[1]

India exported about $450 billion merchandise in the financial year 2022-2023 and about $323 billion of services exports in the same financial year. India's largest trade partners with their total trade (sum of imports and exports) in billions of US dollars for the financial year 2022–23 were as follows:^[1]

Rank	Country	Exports	Imports	Total Trade	Trade Balance
-	ASEAN	44.07	88.96	133.03	-44.89
-	European Union	73.67	57.83	131.50	15.84
1	United States	71.39	46.82	118.21	24.57
2	China	13.60	90.72	104.32	-77.12
3	United Arab Emirates	28.76	48.88	77.64	-20.12
4	Saudi Arabia	9.69	38.62	48.32	-28.93
5	Russia	2.80	41.56	44.37	-38.75
6	Indonesia	9.06	26.89	35.95	-17.83
7	Iraq	2.33	31.52	33.86	-29.18
8	Singapore	11.00	21.70	32.70	-10.70
9	Hong Kong	9.36	16.31	25.68	-6.95
10	South Korea	6.10	19.26	25.35	-13.16
11	Netherlands	18.53	5.52	24.04	13.01
12	Australia	6.49	17.50	23.97	-11.00
13	Germany	9.21	14.61	23.82	-5.40
14	Japan	4.99	14.78	19.77	-9.79
15	United Kingdom	10.27	8.43	18.70	1.84
16	Malaysia	6.63	11.68	18.31	-5.05
17	South Africa	7.86	9.86	17.72	-2.00
18	Qatar	1.82	15.50	17.31	-13.68
19	Belgium	8.16	8.36	16.53	-0.20
20	Brazil	9.19	6.28	15.46	2.92
21	Switzerland	1.23	14.22	15.45	-12.98
22	Thailand	5.22	10.10	15.31	-4.88
23	Vietnam	5.30	8.07	13.37	-2.77
24	Italy	7.81	5.07	12.88	2.75
25	Kuwait	1.42	11.40	12.82	-9.98
-	Remaining Countries	140.82	112.51	253.32	28.31
India's Total		409.06	656.13	1065.18	-247.07

Countries to which India is the largest trading partner

India is the primary export or import partner of several countries. The percentages on these tables are based on 2017 data as shown on the CIA World Factbook.

Exports from these countries to India[5] Region Percentage  Bhutan 95.3%  Guinea-Bissau 67.1%  Afghanistan 56.5%    Nepal 53.1%  Nigeria 30.6%  Mozambique 28.1%  Ghana 23.8%  Tanzania 21.8%  Iraq 21.2%  United Arab Emirates 10.1%	Imports by these countries from India[6] Region Percentage  Bhutan 89.5%    Nepal 70.2%  Sri Lanka 22.0%  Burundi 18.5%  Mauritius 17.9%  Tanzania 16.5%

Export partners

India exports approximately 7500 commodities to about 192 countries.^[7] The following table shows India's 10 largest destinations for exports in 2022–23.^[1]

Rank	Country	Value (US$ billion)	Share of overall exports
1	United States	71.39	17.45%
2	United Arab Emirates	28.76	7.03%
3	Netherlands	18.53	4.53%
4	China	13.60	3.33%
5	Singapore	11.00	2.69%
6	United Kingdom	10.27	2.51%
7	Saudi Arabia	9.69	2.37%
8	Hong Kong	9.36	2.29%
9	Germany	9.21	2.25%
10	Brazil	9.19	2.25%

Import partners

India imports around 6000 commodities from 140 countries.^[7] The following table shows India's 10 largest sources of imports in 2022–23.^[1]

Rank	Country	Value (US$ billion)	Share of overall imports
1	China	90.72	13.83%
2	United Arab Emirates	48.88	7.45%
3	United States	46.82	7.14%
4	Russia	41.56	6.33%
5	Saudi Arabia	38.62	5.89%
6	Iraq	31.52	4.84%
7	Indonesia	26.89	4.10%
8	Singapore	21.70	3.31%
9	South Korea	19.26	2.94%
10	Australia	17.50	2.67%