This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article appears to contradict another article. Please discuss at the talk page and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved. (December 2017) This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: The sources used are all over five years old, some approaching fifteen years and thus some information (mainly regarding the aforementioned categories) could be outdated due to shifts within some of these parties.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2017) This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

This is a list of European political parties that have been classified as centre-left or far-left on the political spectrum. The categorisation of some parties may vary in different sources.

Country Party Ideology
Croatia Workers' Front (RF)
Cyprus Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL)
Czech Republic Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM)
Czech Republic Social Democracy (SOCDEM)
Denmark Socialist People's Party (SF)
Denmark Red-Green Alliance (Enhl., Ø)
Estonia Estonian United Left Party (EÜVP)
Finland Left Alliance (VAS)
France French Communist Party (PCF)

Formerly:

France La France insoumise (FI)
France New Anticapitalist Party (NPA)
France Workers' Struggle (LO)
Germany The Left

Factions

Greece Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
Hungary Hungarian Workers' Party
Iceland Left-Green Movement (VG)
Ireland Sinn Féin (SF)
Ireland People Before Profit Alliance (PBP)
Ireland Solidarity
Italy Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)
Latvia Socialist Party of Latvia (LSP)
Netherlands Socialist Party (SP)
Netherlands GreenLeft (GL)
Norway Socialist Left Party (SV)
Portugal Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV)
Portugal LIVRE (L)
Portugal Left Bloc (BE)
Portugal Portuguese Communist Party (PCP)
Portugal Portuguese Labour Party (PTP)
Portugal Portuguese Workers' Communist Party (PCTP/MRPP)
Portugal Socialist Alternative Movement (MAS)
Scotland Scottish Socialist Party (SSP)
Slovakia Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS)
Slovakia Direction – Slovak Social Democracy
Slovenia The Left
Spain Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
Sweden Left Party (V)
Turkey Workers' Party of Turkey (TİP)
Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU)
United Kingdom Labour Party (LAB)
United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales (GRN)
United Kingdom Communist Party of Britain (CPB)

See also

Literature

Notes

  1. ^ The social-democratic nature of SMER is disputed.[84]

References

  1. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Cyprus". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  2. ^ Harry Anastasiou, The Broken Olive Branch: Nationalism versus Europeanization, Syracuse University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780815631972, p. 163 [verification needed]
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2012-08-27.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) [verification needed]
  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2012-08-27.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) [verification needed]
  5. ^ Helena Smith, Cyprus gets ready for a communist 'takeover', The Guardian, 2008 [verification needed]
  6. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Czechia". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  7. ^ Bozóki, A & Ishiyama, J (2002) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, pp150-153 [verification needed]
  8. ^ "Naděje pro Českou republiku (2006)" (PDF). kscm.cz (in Czech). 29 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017. [verification needed]
  9. ^ "How Europe will break on Brexit". Politico.eu. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016. [verification needed]
  10. ^ "O Brexitu neboli proč by EU měla jít". kscm.cz. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017. [verification needed]
  11. ^ "Krachující Evropská unie a Česká republika". kscm.cz. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017. [verification needed]
  12. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  13. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  14. ^ Åsa Bengtsson; Kasper Hansen; Ólafur Þ Harõarson; Hanne Marthe Narud; Henrik Oscarsson (15 November 2013). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. ECPR Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-907301-50-6. [verification needed]
  15. ^ https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/anita-nissen/uk-and-denmark-growing-public-euroscepticism [verification needed]
  16. ^ "EU-politik". enhedslisten.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 7 March 2015. [verification needed]
  17. ^ a b c d "Vasakpartei: Meist" (in Estonian). EÜVP. [verification needed]
  18. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Finland". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  19. ^ http://www.vasemmisto.fi/images/ohjelmat/Left_Alliance_Party_Program_2007.pdf [verification needed]
  20. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "France". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  21. ^ Benedetto, Giacomo; Quaglia, Lucia (2007). "The Comparative Politics of Communist Euroscepticism in France, Italy and Spain". Party Politics. 13 (4): 478–499. doi:10.1177/1354068807077957. S2CID 145261847. [verification needed]
  22. ^ http://www.slate.fr/story/100593/fn-tract-pcf-1970 [verification needed]
  23. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "France". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  24. ^ Arthur Nazaret (10 April 2014). "Quand Dray plante sa plume dans Mélenchon". Le Journal du Dimanche (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018. [verification needed]
  25. ^ Hervé Kempf (12 March 2018). "Jean-Luc Mélenchon : " L'écologie doit être un stimulant d'enthousiasme "". Reporterre (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018. [verification needed]
  26. ^ Denis Tugdual (5 April 2013). "Le Pen-Mélenchon: la mode est au langage populiste". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018. [verification needed]
  27. ^ Jean-Laurent Cassely (15 April 2013). "Le populisme "vintage" de Jean-Luc Mélenchon, trop élaboré pour être efficace". Slate (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018. [verification needed]
  28. ^ a b Abel Mestre (21 October 2017). "La tentation souverainiste de Jean-Luc Mélenchon". Le Monde. Retrieved 2 March 2019. [verification needed]
  29. ^ https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-europes-left-nationalists/ [verification needed]
  30. ^ "Leur Europe n'est pas la nôtre !" (in French). NPA. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2017. [verification needed]
  31. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Germany". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  32. ^ Michelle Cini; Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan, eds. (2013). "Glossary". European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-19-969475-4. [verification needed]
  33. ^ Michael Keating; David McCrone, eds. (2013). The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0748665822. [verification needed]
  34. ^ Die Programmatik der LINKEN [verification needed]
  35. ^ Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd. The Guardian. Author - Kate Connolly. Published 17 September 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2017. [verification needed]
  36. ^ Antimilitarism: Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements. p.130. Author - Cynthia Cockburn. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in 2012. Retrieved via Google books on 14 February 2017. [verification needed]
  37. ^ https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-europes-left-nationalists/ [verification needed]
  38. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  39. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 5 April 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2019. [verification needed]
  40. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Iceland". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  41. ^ a b The Reykjavík Grapevine Election Guide 2013 Archived 14 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Reykjavík Grapevine, April 5, 2013 [verification needed]
  42. ^ "Iceland could be EU member by 2011". EUobserver. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2012. [verification needed]
  43. ^ "IRELAND: Legislative elections: Dáil Éireann, 5-year term, proportional representation system (STV)". Parties and Elections in Europe. [verification needed]
  44. ^ Harry McGee (9 October 2015). "People Before Profit and the Anti Austerity Alliance - spot the difference". The Irish Times. Retrieved 16 April 2018. For anybody who has not been intimately involved with the Socialist Workers Party or the Socialist Party, you would need to have a PhD in semantics and rhetoric to winkle out the actual ideological difference between them. They are both Trotskyist and advocate permanent revolution and political agitation through working class mass action in capitalist societies such as Ireland. [verification needed]
  45. ^ "LEXIT: Why we need a left exit from EU". Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016. [verification needed]
  46. ^ Since 2018 Lega Nord has filed electoral lists as Lega, including its sister party Lega per Salvini Premier and former members of Us with Salvini. [verification needed]
  47. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2011). "Latvia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. [verification needed]
  48. ^ José Magone (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4. [verification needed]
  49. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Netherlands". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 August 2018. [verification needed]
  50. ^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.[permanent dead link] [verification needed]
  51. ^ Oudenampsen, Merijn (23 May 2013). Ruth Wodak; Majid KhosraviNik; Brigitte Mral (eds.). Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism. A&C Black. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-78093-245-3. ((cite book)): |work= ignored (help) [verification needed]
  52. ^ Voerman, Paul; Lucardie (2007). "Sociaal-democratie nu definitief verdeeld: Met volwassen SP is het abonnement van de PvdA op de linkse stem verlopen" (PDF). NRC Handelsblad. [verification needed]
  53. ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. II (33). New Left Review. [verification needed]
  54. ^ Andeweg, R. B.; Galen A. Irwin (2002). Governance and politics of the Netherlands. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 0333961579. [verification needed]
  55. ^ Pater Teffer (28 April 2014). "Dutch euroscepticism moves mainstream". EUobserver. Retrieved 30 July 2014. [verification needed]
  56. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Netherlands". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 August 2018. [verification needed]
  57. ^ "Van poppodia naar de bedrijfskantine - Klaver wil van GroenLinks brede volkspartij maken". 22 November 2017. [verification needed]
  58. ^ "De ideologische herprofilering van GroenLinks: na 28 jaar de gehoopte doorbraak?". 8 December 2017. [verification needed]
  59. ^ "Stimulering duurzame energieproductie". [verification needed]
  60. ^ a b Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck [verification needed]
  61. ^ "12.2.2 Partienes syn... - regjeringen.no". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2012-09-28. [verification needed]
  62. ^ a b c d Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  63. ^ Henley, Jon (7 October 2019). "Portugal election result cements modest gains for Europe's centre-left". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  64. ^ Tilo Wagner (24 April 2014). "Upstart Portuguese party wants more Europe". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  65. ^ a b "Where is Portugal's Radical Left? — Global Politics". 11 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2018. [verification needed]
  66. ^ Dinis, Rita (29 August 2014). "O que está a dividir o Bloco de Esquerda | Ainda não percebi bem. Então quais são hoje as correntes dentro do BE?" [What is dividing the Left Bloc | Still don't get it. So what are the current tendencies inside the BE?]. Observador (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2018. [verification needed]
  67. ^ Wall, Derek (2010), The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement, Pluto Press, p. 97 [verification needed]
  68. ^ "Country profile – Portugal - Euroviews 2014". www.euroviews.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2018. [verification needed]
  69. ^ "Populism Report Q3 2018" (PDF). Foundation for European Progressive Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019. [verification needed]
  70. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 15 August 2018. [verification needed]
  71. ^ Freire, André (2006). "The Party System of Portugal". Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas. VS Verlag: 376. [verification needed]
  72. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Madeira/Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018.
  73. ^ "Scotland Needs Socialism". Retrieved 21 August 2015. [verification needed]
  74. ^ a b "About Us". [verification needed]
  75. ^ "For A Modern Democratic Republic". [verification needed]
  76. ^ March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6. [verification needed]
  77. ^ http://www.parties-and-elections.de/slovakia.html [verification needed]
  78. ^ "Program KSS". [verification needed]
  79. ^ http://www.ceeidentity.eu/sites/default/files/downloads/zelinsky_final.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  80. ^ Učeň, Peter (14 February 2016). "Populizmus Smeru... má to ešte vôbec význam?".
  81. ^ http://www.bisla.sk/sk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Chamulova_Barbora-Bakalarska_praca.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  82. ^ Kern, Miro (2015-08-05). "11 nesplnených alebo meškajúcich sľubov premiéra Fica".
  83. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "Slovakia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  84. ^ Almeida, Dimitri (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0.
  85. ^ Sekerák, Marián (October 2019). "Towards conservatism? Party politics in Slovakia at the end of the 2010s". European View. 18 (2): 233–241. doi:10.1177/1781685819883965.
  86. ^ "Slovak PM Fico wins election but faces tough task to form majority". Reuters. 5 March 2016.
  87. ^ Marek Payerhin, ed. (2017). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2017-2018. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 391.
  88. ^ "Smer–sociálna demokracia(SMER-SD) - Visegrad Plus". Visegrad Plus - Forum for Visegrad+ studies. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  89. ^ Swedish Left Party Surges in Polls with Focus on Climate Action & Fighting Privatization. Democracy Now. Published 3 July 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2017. [verification needed]
  90. ^ a b Claire Annesley, ed. (2013). Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-135-35547-0. [verification needed]
  91. ^ a b c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Sweden". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 August 2018. [verification needed]
  92. ^ Aleks Szczerbiak; Paul A. Taggart (2008). Opposing Europe?. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-19-925830-7. [verification needed]
  93. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2014). "Ukraine". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018. [verification needed]
  94. ^ "Populism in Ukraine in a Comparative European Context (in English)" (PDF). Problems of Post-Communism, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 3-18. November–December 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2013. [verification needed]
  95. ^ Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. [verification needed]
  96. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "United Kingdom". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 3 May 2018. [verification needed]
  97. ^ Adams, Ian (1998). Ideology and Politics in Britain Today (illustrated, reprint ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-0-7190-5056-5. Retrieved 21 March 2015. [verification needed]
  98. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "United Kingdom". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  99. ^ "Labour 'never challenged the austerity narrative' | Owen Jones talks to Caroline Lucas". YouTube. 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2016-07-04.
  100. ^ "Green Party of England and Wales elects new leaders". europeangreens.edu. European Green Party. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  101. ^ "Green party 'loud and proud' about backing Britain in Europe". The Guardian. 14 March 2016.
  102. ^ "The Green Party Public Administration Policies". Green Party of England and Wales. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  103. ^ Griffiths, Robert (14 August 2015). "Against austerity, mobilise zany unite". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. austerity has been about enlarging the private sector at the expense of the public one, cutting the level of real wages, reducing the levels of corporation tax on big business profits and increasing both the mass and rate of corporate profit. [verification needed]
  104. ^ Denny, Brian (14 August 2015). "Unions should take a lead in the EU referendum". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Vote against anti-social Europe, vote to get out [verification needed]
  105. ^ "Britain's Road to Socialism Introduction". communist-party.org.uk. Communist Party of Britain. 8 August 2008. socialism is the only alternative system of society that can meet the essential needs of the people and humanity [verification needed]
  106. ^ Sweeney, Steve (13 August 2015). "Morning Star at centre of struggle for worker freedom". communist-party.org.uk. Communist Party of Britain. Retrieved 10 September 2015. Trade union rights are human rights [verification needed]
  107. ^ "Communist Party". www.communist-party.org.uk. [verification needed]
  108. ^ "Communist Party of Britain's response to the Electoral Commission on the Funding of Political Partie". communist-party.org.uk. [verification needed]
Categories