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This is a list of long place names.

Single-word names

25 letters or more

Location Language Translation
Taumata­whakatangihanga­koauau­o­tamatea­turi­pukaka­piki­maunga­horo­nuku­pokai­whenua­ki­tana­tahu (85 letters); Short form: Taumata
Hill in North Island, New Zealand Māori "The summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the climber of mountains, the land-swallower who travelled about, played his nose flute to his loved one".
Note: Listed in the Guinness World Records as the longest official place name in the world.
Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll­gogery­chwyrn­drobwll­llan­tysilio­gogo­goch (58 characters); Short forms: Llanfair PG, Llanfairpwll, Llanfairpwllgwyngyll
The 58 characters include 7 digraphs, so it consists of only 51 letters in the Welsh language.
Village on the isle of Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom Welsh "The church of St Mary at the pool of the white hazels near the fierce whirlpool and the church of St Tysilio of the red cave."
Note: The longest official one-word place name in Europe, it is also the longest name for a settlement.
Char­gogg­a­gogg­man­chaugg­a­gogg­chau­bun­a­gung­a­maugg (45 letters); Short forms: Lake Chaubunagungamaug;[1] Webster Lake
Lake in Webster, Massachusetts, United States Nipmuc "Fishing Place at the Boundaries – Neutral Meeting Grounds".[2]
Believed to be the longest official one-word place name in the United States.
Twee­buffels­met­een­skoot­morsdood­geskiet­fontein (44 letters)
Farm in the North West province of South Africa Afrikaans "Two buffaloes with one shot shot totally dead spring".

Notes: The longest one-word place name in Africa. Located near the place "Putfontein" (pit spring).[3][4][5][6]

Name No. Location Language Translation
Azpilicuetagaraycosaroyarenberecolarrea 39 Place in Azpilkueta, Navarra, Spain Basque “The low field of a high pen of Azpilkueta”.
Notes: The longest official one-word place name in Spain and the second-longest in Europe.
Äteritsiputeritsipuolilautatsijänkä 35 Bog region in Lapland, Finland Finnish
(northern dialect)		 Unknown etymology, probably gibberish (see entry for more).
Notes: The longest official one-word place name in Finland, the third-longest (including names with spaces or hyphens) in Europe and since 2020 the longest official place name in European Union (before Brexit this record was held by Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll­gogery­chwyrn­drobwll­llan­tysilio­gogo­goch).
Pekwachnamaykoskwaskwaypinwanik 31 Lake in Manitoba, Canada Cree "Where the wild trout are caught by fishing with hooks".
Note: The longest official one-word placename in Canada.[7]
Nondraisilisilinayalewatonga[8] 28 A stream in Viti Levu, Fiji Fijian
Andorijidoridaraemihansumbau 28 Street in Bukpyeong-myeon, Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea Korean Hangul: 안돌이지돌이다래미한숨바우
"A road so rocky and rough that even squirrels can't breathe enough."[9]
Venkatanarasimharajuvaripeta 28 Village in Andhra Pradesh, India Telugu Telugu: వెంకటనరసింహరాజువారిపేట

"Venkatanarasimharaju's city".
Note: The longest one-word placename in India.

Bovenendvankeelafsnysleegte 27 Farm in the Upper Karoo in South Africa Afrikaans "Upper end of throat-cut valley" ("hollow" may be more accurate than "valley").
Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya 26 A hill in South Australia, Australia Pitjantjatjara "Where the devil urinates".
Note: The longest official one-word placename in Australia.[10]
Schmedeswurtherwesterdeich 26 A hamlet outside the village of Schmedeswurth, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany German "West levee of the smith's hill-village".
Wereldtentoonstellingslaan 26 Avenue in Ganshoren, Brussels, Belgium Dutch "World Fair Avenue"
Named after Brussels World Fair of 1958.
Haaldersbroekerdwarsstraat 26 Street in Zaandam, Netherlands Dutch "Cross street in Haalderbroek".[11]
Bullaunancheathrairaluinn 25 Bullaun in County Galway, Ireland Anglicisation of Irish Irish: Ballán an Cheathrair Álainn.[12]
"Bullaun of the Four Beauties".
Believed to be the longest official one-word Irish-derived placename in Ireland.[12]
Noordhollandschkanaaldijk 25 Dike in Amsterdam, Netherlands Dutch "North Holland canal dike".[11]
Blindeliedengasthuissteeg 25 Alley in Dordrecht, Netherlands Dutch "Blind craftsmen guesthouse alley".[11]
Reijmerstokkerdorpsstraat 25 Street in Reijmerstok, Netherlands Dutch "Reijmerstok town road".[11]
Gasselterboerveenschemond 25 Hamlet in Drenthe, Netherlands Dutch "Delta of Gasselt's (surname) farmer's bog".
Note: The longest official one-word place name in the Netherlands.

20-24 letters

Name No. Location Language Translation
Gasselternijveenschemond 24 Hamlet in Drenthe, Netherlands Dutch "Delta of Gasselt's (surname) new bog".
Nederokkerzeelsesteenweg 24 Street in Kortenberg municipality, Belgium Dutch ”Nederokkerzeel stone road”.
Schuiferskapelsesteenweg 24 Street in Tielt municipality, Belgium Dutch ”Schuiferskapelle stone road”.
Nyugatifelsőszombatfalva 24 Part of the village of Sâmbăta de Sus in Brașov county, Romania Hungarian "Western upper Saturday village"
This name is no longer officially used as the settlement became part of the village Sâmbăta de Sus (or Felsőszombatfalva in Hungarian).[13]
Staronizhestebliyevskaya 24 Stanitsa in Krasnodar Krai, Russia Russian "The old settlement named after Nizhne-Stebliyevskiy kurin (of Zaporizhian Sich)"
The name of the kurin means "the lower one named after Stebliv".
In Cyrillic alphabet: Старонижестеблиевская (21 letters).
Nggiringgirinatanggalulu[8] 24 A stream in Viti Levu, Fiji Fijian
Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo 24 Village in Orenburg Oblast, Russia Russian The upper new settlement named after Kutlumbet (a Turkic male personal name).
In Cyrillic alphabet: Верхненовокутлумбетьево (23 letters and yers).
Believed to be the longest one-word name of a settlement in Russia.[14]
Onafhankelijkheidsplein[15][16] 23 Central square in Paramaribo, Suriname Dutch "Independence Square".
Kvernbergsundsødegården[17] 23 Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway Norwegian "The Deserted Farm of The Mill Mountain Strait".
Narasimhanaickenpalayam 23 Village near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Tamil Named after Lord Narsimha (Lord Vishnu); a temple is in Narasimhanaickenpalayam.
Gotthelffriedrichsgrund [de] 23 Mittelsachsen, Germany German

Translation: "Gotthelf Friedrich's ground".[18]

Nizhnenovokutlumbetyevo 23 Village in Matveyevsky District, Orenburg Oblast, Russia Russian "The lower new settlement named after Kutlumbet (a Turkic male personal name)"
In Cyrillic alphabet: Нижненовокутлумбетьево (22 letters and yers)
Nunathloogagamiutbingoi 23 Beach on the coast of Nunivak Island in Bethel Census Area, Alaska Nunivak Cup'ig.
Svalbarðsstrandarhreppur 23 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic "Cool Edge's Shore's Municipality".
Seyðisfjarðarkaupstaður 23 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic Seyðisfjörður municipality
Bolungarvíkurkaupstaður 23 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic Named after Þuríður[clarification needed], the affix means a municipality.
Hafnarfjarðarkaupstaður 23 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic "Harbor fjord municipality".
Yamagawahamachiyogamizu 23 Ibusuki, Kagoshima, Japan Japanese "Beach of the children's water in the mountains and river region" (located near Yamagawaokachiyogamizu).
In Japanese characters (hiragana): やまがわはまちよがみず (11 kana).
In Chinese characters (kanji): 山川浜児ヶ水 (6 kanji).
Harinxmakanaalspoorbrug 23 Leeuwarden, Netherlands Dutch "Railway bridge over the Van Harinxmakanaal".[19]
Vilgiskoddeoayvinyarvi 22 Murmansk, Russia Saami Translation: "Lake by the mountain of the great white reindeer" or "Lake under wolf mountain".[20]
In Cyrillic alphabet: Вильгискоддеоайвинъярви­ (24 letters).
Koopvaardersschutsluis 22 Lock in Den Helder, Netherlands Dutch "Merchant lock with gates".[21]
Westerkanaalschutsluis 22 Leeuwarden, Netherlands Dutch "Lock with gates over the Westerkanaal".[19]
Kuchistiniwamiskahikan 22 Island in Quebec, Canada Cree The island where boats entering the bay.[22]
Notes: The longest official one-word placename in Quebec.[7]
Parangaricutirimicuaro 22 City in Michoacán, Mexico Purépecha The word itself is a kind of tongue-twister, similar to the English "supercalifragilisticexpialidocious".
Notes: The longest placename in Mexico. The village, now known as Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, is also called San Juan, Nuevo San Juan, and Parangaricutiro.
Drehideenglashanatooha[citation needed] 22 Bridge in County Tipperary, Ireland Anglicisation of Irish Droichidín Glaise na Tuaithe, "Little Bridge of the Tribe's Green".
Muckanaghederdauhaulia 22 Townland in Kilcummin, County Galway, Ireland Anglicisation of Irish Muiceanach idir Dhá Sháile, Piggery between two briny places"
Formerly regarded as the longest placename (spelled in English) in Ireland (22 letters), it has been superseded by awareness of longer names.
Gijzelbrechtegemstraat 22 Street in Gijzelbrechtegem, Anzegem municipality, Belgium Dutch Gijzelbrechtegem street.
Yamagawaokachiyogamizu 22 Ibusuki, Kagoshima, Japan Japanese "Hill of the children's water in the mountains and river region" (located near Yamagawahamachiyogamizu).
In Japanese characters (hiragana): やまがわおかちよがみず (11 kana).
In Chinese characters (kanji): 山川岡児ヶ水 (6 kanji).
Schaufelbergerstrasse 21 Street in Zürich, Switzerland German "Shovel hill street"
Schoonslaapsterstraat 21 Street in Brussels, Belgium Dutch Sleeping Beauty Street
French: rue de la Belle-au-Bois-Dormant
Gschlachtenbretzingen [de] 21 Suburb of Michelbach an der Bilz, Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Swabian German "fertile Bretzingen" (as opposed to neighbouring Rauhenbretzingen, "rough Bretzingen").
Note: The contraction of the "ge-" prefix to "g-" is a feature of Swabian. The name is therefore occasionally written in standard German as "Geschlachtenbretzingen" (22 letters).[18]
Saaranpaskantamasaari 21 Small uninhabited island in Lake Onkamojärvi in northeastern Finland Finnish "An island shat by Saara".
Naivutuvutunivakalolo[8] 21 A stream in Fiji Fijian
Nemesboldogasszonyfa 20 Part of Alsópáhok, a village in Zala County, Hungary Hungarian "Village of the noble blessed virgin".
Eexterveenschekanaal 20 Village in Aa en Hunze municipality, Drenthe, Netherlands Dutch "Channel through the peat of Eext" or "Channel of Eexterveen".
Jászfelsőszentgyörgy 20 Village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, Hungary Hungarian "Upper St. George in Jászság".
Siemieniakowszczyzna 20 Village in Hajnówka County, Poland Polish "Ground of Siemieniak" (lit. "Siemieniakishness").
Tissvassklumptjønnin 20 Lierne, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway Norwegian "The Slow Freezing Water's Lump Ponds" ("Klump" here means "mountain").
Vanhankaupunginselkä 20 Finland Finnish "Old City Bay".
Mittelschaeffolsheim 20 Small village in Alsace, France Alsatian "In the middle of Schaeffol's hamlet".
Niederschaeffolsheim 20 Small village in Alsace, France Alsatian "Under Schaeffol's hamlet".
Oostrozebeeksestraat 20 Street between Hulste and Oostrozebeke, Belgium Dutch Oostrozebeke street
Tálknafjarðarhreppur 20 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic "Tálknafjörður's shire".
Schaffhauserrheinweg 20 Street in Basel, Switzerland German. "Schaffhauser Rhine road".[23]
Nggaravandungundungu (Point)[8] 20 Point in Kadavu Island, Fiji

14–19 letters

Name No. Location Language Translation
Vopnafjarðarhreppur 19 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic "Weapon Fjord Municipality"
Annerveenschekanaal 19 Village in Aa en Hunze municipality, Drenthe, Netherlands Dutch "Channel through the peat of Annen" or " Channel of Annerveen"
Cadibarrawirracanna 19 Lake in South Australia, Australia Arabana "The stars were dancing”.
Newtownmountkennedy 19 Village in County Wicklow, Ireland English "New town in the manor of Mount Kennedy". Also spelled Newtown Mountkennedy or Newtown Mount Kennedy.[24]
Cottonshopeburnfoot 19 Hamlet in Northumberland, England English "The end of the Cottonshope Burn" (a tributary that flows into the River Rede).
Nyugotszenterzsébet 19 Small village in Baranya, Hungary Hungarian "Western St. Elizabeth".
Balatonszentgyörgy 19 Village in Somogy County, Hungary Hungarian "St. George by Balaton".
Kirkjubæjarklaustur 19 Village in the Skaftárhreppur municipality, Iceland Icelandic "Church farm monastery".
Jászalsószentgyörgy 19 Village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, Hungary Hungarian "Lower St. George in Jászság."
Krammerjachtensluis 19 Lock on the Grevelingenmeer, Netherlands Dutch "Lock on the river Krammer of the hunt".[25]
Staromikhaylovskoye 19 Village in Kaluga Oblast, Russia Russian
Hrunamannahreppur 19 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic Warm geyser municipality.
Johanngeorgenstadt 18 Mining town in Saxony, Germany German "City of John George".
Kwigiumpainukamiut 18 Ghost town in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States Yupik
Kristiinankaupunki 18 Town on the western coast of Finland Finnish "Christina's Town" (refers to Queen Christina of Sweden).
Oberschaeffolsheim 18 Small village in Alsace, France Alsatian "Upper Schaeffol's home".
Obuladevaracheruvu 18 Village in Kadiri revenue division, Anantapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh, India Telugu
Pietramontecorvino 18 Town in Apulia, Italy Italian "Stone of the Corvino mountain"
Thiruvananthapuram 18 Capital city of Kerala, India Malayalam[citation needed] "City of Lord Anantha".[26]
Breuschwickersheim 18 Village in Alsace, France Alsatian "Home of the vicar (living next to the) Bruche (river)".
Rhosllannerchrugog 18 Village in Wrexham County Borough, Wales Welsh "Moor of the Heathery Glade".

Often spelt with one N, following the original Welsh, but this spelling is in common use too. The name includes 3 Welsh digraphs, so in Welsh it is only 15 letters long.

Prachaksinlapakhom 18 District (Amphoe) in Udon Thani Province, Thailand Thai Named after Prince Prachaksinlapakhom, son of King Mongkut of Siam.
Tauberbischofsheim 18 City in Baden-Württemberg, Germany German "Home of the bishop (by the) Tauber (river)".
Kaldrananeshreppur 18 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic Possibly "Cold rune shire".
Blagoveshchenskoye 18 Several places in Russia and one in Kazakhstan Russian "Small city of good news"
Novokonstantinovka 18 Town in Bashkortostan, Russia Russian In Cyrillic: Новоконстантиновка.

Translation: "New settlement named after Konstantin".

Kurundugahahetekma 18 Galle district, Sri Lanka Sinhala "First mile post that has a cinnamon tree".
Andoharanomaintso 17 Town in Madagascar Malagasy "The place of green springs"
Civitacampomarano 17 Village in Molise, Italy Italian "Village of Marano field".
Georgsmarienhütte 17 Town near Osnabrück, Germany German “The town where King Georg of Hannover and his wife Marie built a steelwork.”
Gobichettipalayam 17 City in Tamil Nadu, India Tamil
Kleinfeltersville 17 Unincorporated community in Heidelberg Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States
Mooselookmeguntic 17 Populated place in Franklin County, Maine, United States Abenaki "Moose feeding place".
Hrunamannahreppur 17 Municipality in Iceland Icelandic "Warm geyser municipality".
Jazgarzewszczyzna 17 Village in Poland Polish "Jazgarzewski's estate".
Kirchheimbolanden 17 Town in Germany German Translation: "Home with a Church (near the municipality) Bolanden".
Papahānaumokuākea 17 Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, United States Hawaiian Translation: unknown.

World's largest protected area (2016)

Qeqertarsuatsiaat 17 Sermersooq, Greenland West Greenlandic "Almost big island".
Skummeslövsstrand 17 Halland, Sweden Swedish "The inherited lot of the scutsman", where scutsman comes from an old word for either taxman or hunter.[27][page needed]
Eggewaartskapelle 17 A town in Veurne municipality, Belgium Dutch "Eggewaart's chapel".
Tytsjerksteradiel 17 Municipality in the province of Friesland, Netherlands West Frisian Named after the town of Tytsjerk, which in turn has its name derived from a person named Tiete.
Starokostiantyniv 17 Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine Ukrainian Translation: "Old Constantine's town".

In Cyrillic: Старокостянтинів.

Bolshezingereyevo 17 Rural locality in Bashkortostan, Russia Russian Translation: Unknown.

In Cyrillic: Большезингереево.

Ateqanngitsorsuaq 17 Island in the Upernavik Archipelago in Greenland Greenlandic Translation: Unknown.
Schlënnermanescht 17 Village in Luxembourg Luxembourgish "Schlindermanderscheid" in German
Stokeinteignhead 16 Village in Devon, England English Small hamlet in the ten hides (Stoke is Anglo Saxon for village; Hide is an Anglo Saxon land unit). Later ten hides was corrupted to Teign - the name of a nearby river.[dubious – discuss]
Ittoqqortoormiit 16 a village in Sermersooq, Greenland East Greenlandic It means "Big House dwellers"
Kombodinjamakkal 16 Town in Kerala, India Malayalam Roughly means defoliation, the short version is 'Kombody' or 'Kombodi'.
Combeinteignhead 16 Village in Devon, England English
Doddiscombsleigh 16 Village in Devon, England English
Woolfardisworthy 16 Two villages in Devon, England English
Moretonhampstead 16 Town in Devon, England English
Skirsnemuniškiai 16 Village in Lithuania Lithuania Place related to Skirsnemunė village (which comes from the German castle name Christmemel)
Baltramiejiškiai 16 Village in Lithuania Lithuania Place of Bartholomew (Baltramiejus)
Barrancabermeja 15 City in Colombia Spanish Red curve
Castlecaulfield 15 Village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland English Settlement for Castle Caulfield[28]
Michilimackinac 15 Region in Michigan Ojibwe
Newtownhamilton 15 Village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland English Established by a Mr. Hamilton in the 1770s[29]
Piddletrenthide 15 Village in Dorset, England English
Pronunciamiento 15 Village and municipality in Entre Ríos Province, Argentina Spanish "Pronouncement" (of Justo José de Urquiza in 1851, accepting the resignation of the governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas)
Tiruvannamalai 14 A city in Tamil Nadu, India Tamil Roughly means great inaccessible mountain[30]
Afyonkarahisar 14 A province of Turkey located in Central Anatolia/Aegean Region Turkish
Marcapomacocha 14 District in Junín, Peru Quechua
Huarurumicocha 14 Lake in department of Cuzco, Peru Quechua
Castrovirreyna 14 Town in department of Huancavelica, Peru Quechua
Chacharramendi 14 Village in Utracán, La Pampa Province, Argentina Basque Named after an island in Spain (Txatxarramendi).
Christophersen 14 Village in Santa Fe Province, Argentina Norwegian Named after Peter Christophersen.
Chuquibambilla 14 Town in Apurímac, Peru Quechua
Aguascalientes 14 City in Aguascalientes, Mexico Spanish

Names with spaces or hyphens

See also

References

  1. ^ "U.S. Board on Geographic Names | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  2. ^ Patenaude, Ed (June 28, 2001). "Fabrication leaves us gasping - Old twist to name of lake comes to light". Worcester Telegram & Gazette. Archived from the original on July 23, 2003. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
  3. ^ "How Tweebuffelsmeteenskootmorsdoodgeskietfontein Got its Name". Archived from the original on 26 May 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  4. ^ "Professor AM de Lange". Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  5. ^ "HUNT FOR TWO BUFFALOES". Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  6. ^ "Tweebuffels". Geocodes. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
  7. ^ a b "LearnEnglish - British Council". Learn English - British Council. Archived from the original on 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
  8. ^ a b c d Fiji, Tonga, and Nauru, Official Standard Names Approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names. US Board on Geographic Names. 1974. p. 113.
  9. ^ "한국 가장 긴 지명 '안돌이지돌이다래미한숨바우'". www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
  10. ^ "Geoscience Australia Gazeteer". Archived from the original on 2007-10-01.
  11. ^ a b c d "De langste straatnamen van Nederland" (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  12. ^ a b "Bullaunanchaeathrairalainn". Placenames Database of Ireland.
  13. ^ "Nyugotifelsőszombatfalva | Gyalay Mihály: A magyar igazgatástörténeti helységnév lexikon | Kézikönyvtár". www.arcanum.com. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  14. ^ Russia on the digital map / Yandex (in Russian)
  15. ^ Lonely Planet. "Onafhankelijkheidsplein". Lonely Planet.
  16. ^ "Lonely Planet Destinations". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-09-09.
  17. ^ "O. Rygh: Norske Gaardnavne". uio.no.
  18. ^ a b "Welcher ist der längste Ortsname in Deutschland?" (in German). BZ Berlin. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  19. ^ a b Binnevaartkennis (27 October 2018). "Marifoon kanalen Nederland" (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  20. ^ "Вильгискоддеоайвинъярви" (in Russian). Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  21. ^ Provincie Noord-Holland. "Renovatie Koopvaardersschutsluis" (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  22. ^ "(French) La Toponymie des Cris" (PDF).
  23. ^ Travel Blog. "Short Street Names". Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  24. ^ Newtown Mountkennedy, logainm.ie
  25. ^ Waterkaart. "Krammerjachtensluis" (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  26. ^ "About Thiruvananthapuram". Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  27. ^ Nationalencyklopedin
  28. ^ a b OpenDataNI (2023-05-24). "OSNI Open Data - Gazetteer - Place Names". www.data.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  29. ^ "Baile Úr/Newtownhamilton". logainm.ie. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  30. ^ "Tiruvannamalai District, Govt. of Tamil Nadu | Temple Town | India". Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  31. ^ "Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium - Cricket Ground in Visakhapatnam, India". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 2023-10-28.
  32. ^ Statistics, Office for National (2023-09-20). "Index of Place Names in Great Britain (March 2023)". www.data.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  33. ^ "A Collection of Word Oddities and Trivia". tripod.com.
  34. ^ Sullivan, Noelle (December 8, 2009). It Happened in Southern California: Remarkable Events That Shaped History (2nd ed.). Globe Pequot. pp. 7–9. ISBN 978-0-7627-5423-6. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  35. ^ Ophalen, Andere. "De langste straatnamen van Nederland" (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-03-11. See 2019 update at the bottom of the article.
  36. ^ Ophalen, Andere. "Eindelijk een bord voor de langste straatnaam van Nederland - een reconstructie" (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  37. ^ "Bord van 2,6 meter: Duiven heeft nu de langste straatnaam van Nederland". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2019-12-06. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
  38. ^ Catálogo de claves de entidades federativas, municipios y localidadets Archived 2010-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
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