Fred Everiss managed West Bromwich Albion from 1902 to 1948—the longest managerial reign of all time.

The longest managerial reign in association football belongs to Englishman Fred Everiss, who was manager of Football League team West Bromwich Albion for over 45 years, starting his reign in 1902 and ending when he retired in 1948.[1] The longest post-war reign belongs to Frenchman Guy Roux, who managed Auxerre in three separate reigns totalling 44 years, taking them from France's fifth division to become Division 1 champions in 1996.[2]

Managerial reigns in football have decreased since the 1960s, and by 2015, the average spell in England's top four divisions was 1.23 years.[3][4] Managers such as Pep Guardiola and Béla Guttmann have been proponents of a "three-year rule",[5][6] as has football journalist and author Jonathan Wilson, who writes that managers can succumb to a "fatalistic idealism" beyond this period, describing it as similar to a Greek tragedy.[7]

Longest reigns

In the early decades of organised football, team selection was often conducted by committee among the club directors, with an appointed 'secretary-manager' dealing with player contracts and other administrative tasks, assisted by 'trainers' dealing with coaching and fitness matters.[8][9] As the secretary role was largely clerical and often occupied by one of the directors, they tended to remain in post for many years regardless of results in the short term. Until after World War I, some clubs never had a manager by name.

As demands and expectations on officials increased both on and off the field, gradually specialist roles became commonplace, and by the end of the 1930s, it was common for clubs in the British Isles to have an official manager as a figurehead dealing with most or all team matters, but with less long-term job security than the secretary-managers of old. Elsewhere, the separation between the office and pitchside functions persisted: the head coach in charge of training and match tactics became increasingly respected and prominent, but meanwhile while a figure closer to the ownership in the role of general manager, sporting director[10][11] or director of football[12][13] maintained control over financial and commercial aspects, with the levels of influence and balance of power between the coach and director varying between clubs and nations.[14][15][16][17] As in the earlier era, the director would often have a tenure of several years to oversee the overall progress of the club, whilst the head coach would typically keep their job only for as long as the on-field results were positive.

For the purpose of this list, a separation has been made between pre-World War II reigns, which includes many secretary-managers, and the period after the conflict ended when regular competitions resumed in most countries, and longer managerial/head coach appointments became far less commonplace. For those whose terms spanned World War II, they have been placed in the section covering the majority of their reign. Long serving head coaches in international football are also recorded separately below.

Clubs

Pre-1946

Longest managerial reigns (pre-1946)
Rank Manager Club From To Length Reference
1 England Fred Everiss England West Bromwich Albion 1 August 1902 (1902-08-01) 31 May 1948 (1948-05-31) 45 years, 9 months and 30 days [1][18][19]
2 Scotland Willie Maley Scotland Celtic 1 September 1897 (1897-09-01) 1 February 1940 (1940-02-01) 42 years and 5 months [18][20][21]
3 Scotland George Ramsay England Aston Villa 1 August 1884 (1884-08-01) 31 May 1926 (1926-05-31) 41 years, 9 months and 30 days [22][23][24]
4 England Jack Addenbrooke England Wolverhampton Wanderers 1 August 1885 (1885-08-01) 1 June 1922 (1922-06-01) 36 years and 10 months [25][26]
5 Scotland John Hunter Scotland Motherwell 30 April 1911 (1911-04-30) 1 May 1946 (1946-05-01) 35 years and 1 day [27]
6 Scotland Frank Watt England Newcastle United 1 August 1895 (1895-08-01) 1 January 1930 (1930-01-01) 34 years and 5 months [28]
7 Scotland Bill Struth Scotland Rangers 20 May 1920 (1920-05-20) 15 June 1954 (1954-06-15) 34 years and 26 days [18][21][29]
8 Scotland John Nicholson England Sheffield United 1 May 1899 (1899-05-01) 1 April 1932 (1932-04-01) 32 years and 11 months [30]
9 England Sam Allen England Swindon Town 1 July 1902 (1902-07-01) 1 April 1933 (1933-04-01) 30 years and 9 months [31]
10 England Syd King England West Ham United 1 April 1902 (1902-04-01) 1 November 1932 (1932-11-01) 30 years and 7 months [32]
11 England Arthur Dickinson England Sheffield Wednesday 1 August 1891 (1891-08-01) 31 May 1920 (1920-05-31) 28 years, 9 months and 30 days [33]
12 Scotland Bob Jack England Plymouth Argyle 1 August 1910 (1910-08-01) 1 April 1938 (1938-04-01) 27 years and 8 months [34]
13 Scotland David Calderhead England Chelsea 1 August 1907 (1907-08-01) 1 June 1933 (1933-06-01) 25 years and 10 months [35]
14 Scotland Bob Cochrane Scotland Greenock Morton 15 August 1908 (1908-08-15) 21 April 1934 (1934-04-21) 25 years, 8 months and 6 days [36]
15 Scotland George Easton Scotland Partick Thistle 15 August 1903 (1903-08-15) 1 April 1929 (1929-04-01) 25 years, 7 months and 17 days [37][38]
16 Scotland Johnny Madden Czech Republic Slavia Prague 15 February 1905 (1905-02-15) 1 June 1930 (1930-06-01) 25 years, 3 months and 17 days [39]
17 England Charles Foweraker England Bolton Wanderers 1 July 1919 (1919-07-01) 1 August 1944 (1944-08-01) 25 years and 1 month [40]
18 England Bob Masters England Nottingham Forest 1 August 1912 (1912-08-01) 31 May 1935 (1935-05-31) 22 years, 9 months and 30 days [41]
19 Ireland Bob Kyle England Sunderland 1 August 1905 (1905-08-01) 5 May 1928 (1928-05-05) 22 years, 9 months and 4 days [42]
20 England Harry Curtis England Brentford 1 May 1926 (1926-05-01) 1 February 1949 (1949-02-01) 22 years and 9 months [43]
21 England Alfred Jones England Birmingham City 1 August 1892 (1892-08-01) 31 May 1908 (1908-05-31) 22 years and 9 months [44]
22 England Fred Stewart Wales Cardiff City 1 May 1911 (1911-05-01) 1 May 1933 (1933-05-01) 22 years [45]
23 Scotland Willie Nicol Scotland Falkirk 16 August 1902 (1902-08-16) 9 February 1924 (1924-02-09) 21 years, 5 months and 24 days [46][47]
24 Scotland William Wilton Scotland Rangers 19 August 1899 (1899-08-19) 2 May 1920 (1920-05-02) 20 years, 8 months and 13 days [48]
25 Scotland Willie McAndrew Scotland Hamilton Academical 3 October 1925 (1925-10-03) 26 January 1946 (1946-01-26) 20 years, 3 months and 23 days [49]
26 Scotland Jimmy Philip Scotland Aberdeen 20 August 1904 (1904-08-20) 19 April 1924 (1924-04-19) 19 years, 7 months and 30 days [50][51]
27 England Tom Watson England Liverpool 26 July 1896 (1896-07-26) 16 May 1915 (1915-05-16) 18 years, 9 months and 20 days [52]
28 England Edmund Goodman England Crystal Palace 1 April 1907 (1907-04-01) 1 November 1925 (1925-11-01) 18 years and 7 months [53]
29 Scotland Hugh Spence Scotland Kilmarnock 15 August 1919 (1919-08-15) 11 December 1937 (1937-12-11) 18 years, 3 months and 26 days [54]
30 England Charlie Paynter England West Ham United 1 November 1932 (1932-11-01) 1 August 1950 (1950-08-01) 17 years and 9 months [55]
31 Scotland Donald Turner Scotland Partick Thistle 10 August 1929 (1929-08-10) 3 May 1947 (1947-05-03) 17 years, 8 months and 23 days [56]
32 Portugal Cosme Damião Portugal Benfica 17 October 1908 28 March 1926 17 years, 5 months and 11 days [57]
33 Scotland Sandy Paterson Scotland Cowdenbeath 22 December 1906 (1906-12-22) 24 April 1924 (1924-04-24) 17 years, 4 months and 2 days [58]
34 England Will Cuff England Everton 1 August 1901 (1901-08-01) 31 May 1918 (1918-05-31) 16 years, 9 months and 30 days [59]
35 England Frank Buckley England Wolverhampton Wanderers 1 July 1927 (1927-07-01) 31 March 1944 (1944-03-31) 16 years, 8 months and 30 days [26][60]
36 Scotland Jimmy Methven England Derby County 1 August 1906 (1906-08-01) 30 June 1922 (1922-06-30) 15 years, 10 months and 29 days [61]
37 England Thomas H. McIntosh England Everton 1 August 1919 (1919-08-01) 31 May 1935 (1935-05-31) 15 years, 9 months and 30 days [62]
38 England Harry Kent England Watford 1 August 1910 (1910-08-01) 31 May 1926 (1926-05-31) 15 years, 9 months and 30 days [63]
39 England George Jobey England Derby County 1 August 1925 (1925-08-01) 1 May 1941 (1941-05-01) 15 years and 9 months [64]
40 Scotland Peter O'Rourke England Bradford City 1 November 1905 (1905-11-01) 30 June 1921 (1921-06-30) 15 years, 7 months and 29 days [65]
41 Scotland Willie McCartney Scotland Heart of Midlothian 22 November 1919 (1919-11-22) 27 April 1935 (1935-04-27) 15 years, 5 months and 5 days [66]
42 Ireland Elisha Scott Ireland Belfast Celtic 1 May 1934 30 May 1949 15 years and 29 days [67][68]
43 Scotland Tully Craig Scotland Falkirk 27 April 1935 (1935-04-27) 1 May 1950 (1950-05-01) 15 years and 4 days [69][70]
44 Austria Dionys Schönecker Austria Rapid Wien 1 September 1910 30 June 1925 14 years, 9 months and 29 days
45 England Wilf Wild England Manchester City 1 March 1932 (1932-03-01) 1 November 1946 (1946-11-01) 14 years and 8 months [71]
46 England John Haworth England Burnley 31 July 1910 (1910-07-31) 4 December 1924 (1924-12-04) 14 years, 5 months and 30 days [72]
47 Ireland Dan McMichael Scotland Hibernian 20 August 1904 (1904-08-20) 1 February 1919 (1919-02-01) 14 years, 5 months and 12 days [73]
48 Scotland Peter McWilliam England Tottenham Hotspur 1 January 1913 (1913-01-01) 1 February 1927 (1927-02-01) 14 years and 1 month [74]
49 England Robert Brown England Sheffield Wednesday 1 June 1920 (1920-06-01) 1 December 1933 (1933-12-01) 13 years and 6 months [75]
50 Scotland Paddy Travers Scotland Aberdeen 1 August 1924 (1924-08-01) 20 November 1937 (1937-11-20) 13 years, 3 months and 19 days [76][77]

Post-1946

Longest managerial reigns (post-1946)
Rank Manager Club From To Length Reference
1 France Guy Roux France Auxerre 1 January 1964 (1964-01-01) 30 June 2000 (2000-06-30) 36 years, 5 months and 29 days [21][78][79]
2 Northern Ireland Ronnie McFall Northern Ireland Portadown 1 December 1986 (1986-12-01) 5 March 2016 (2016-03-05) 29 years, 3 months and 4 days [21][80]
3 Scotland Alex Ferguson England Manchester United 6 November 1986 (1986-11-06) 19 May 2013 (2013-05-19) 26 years, 6 months and 13 days [21][78]
4 France Michel Le Millinaire France Laval 1 July 1968 (1968-07-01) 27 October 1992 (1992-10-27) 24 years, 3 months and 26 days [78][81]
5 Italy Dario Gradi England Crewe Alexandra 9 June 1983 (1983-06-09) 1 July 2007 (2007-07-01) 24 years and 22 days [78]
6 Wales Mickey Evans Wales Caersws 1 August 1983 (1983-08-01) 1 June 2007 (2007-06-01) 23 years and 10 months [21]
7 Scotland Matt Busby England Manchester United 1 October 1945 (1945-10-01) 4 June 1969 (1969-06-04) 23 years, 8 months and 3 days [82]
8 England Jimmy Seed England Charlton Athletic 16 May 1933 (1933-05-16) 1 October 1956 (1956-10-01) 23 years, 4 months and 15 days [83]
9 England Joe Smith England Blackpool 19 August 1935 (1935-08-19) 30 April 1958 (1958-04-30) 22 years, 8 months and 11 days [84]
10 France Arsène Wenger England Arsenal 1 October 1996 (1996-10-01) 13 May 2018 (2018-05-13) 21 years, 7 months and 12 days [78]
11 Scotland Jim McLean Scotland Dundee United 6 December 1971 (1971-12-06) 15 May 1993 (1993-05-15) 21 years, 5 months and 9 days [85][86]
12 France Bruno Luzi France Chambly 1 July 2001 (2001-07-01) 2 April 2022 (2022-04-02) 20 years, 9 months and 1 day [87]
13 England Teddy Davison England Sheffield United 1 June 1932 (1932-06-01) 1 August 1952 (1952-08-01) 20 years and 2 months [88]
14 Scotland Jimmy McGrory Scotland Celtic 11 August 1945 (1945-08-11) 6 March 1965 (1965-03-06) 19 years, 6 months and 23 days [89][90]
15 Northern Ireland Stephen Baxter Northern Ireland Crusaders 23 February 2005 (2005-02-23) Present 18 years, 11 months and 14 days [91]
16 Scotland Paddy Travers Scotland Clyde 27 November 1937 (1937-11-27) 28 April 1956 (1956-04-28) 18 years, 5 months and 1 day [92]
17 England Brian Clough England Nottingham Forest 3 January 1975 (1975-01-03) 8 May 1993 (1993-05-08) 18 years, 4 months and 5 days [78]
18 England Ted Bates England Southampton 1 September 1955 (1955-09-01) 18 November 1973 (1973-11-18) 18 years, 2 months and 17 days [93]
19 Scotland Bill Murray England Sunderland 1 April 1939 (1939-04-01) 1 June 1957 (1957-06-01) 18 years and 2 months [94]
20 Scotland Eddie Hunter Scotland Queen's Park 30 April 1979 (1979-04-30) 10 December 1994 (1994-12-10) 17 years, 4 months and 2 days [95][96]
21 Scotland Dave Halliday Scotland Aberdeen 25 December 1937 (1937-12-25) 23 April 1955 (1955-04-23) 17 years, 3 months and 29 days [97][98]
22 Northern Ireland David Jeffrey Northern Ireland Linfield 4 January 1997 (1997-01-04) 30 April 2014 (2014-04-30) 17 years, 3 months and 26 days [99]
23 Scotland Bert Henderson Scotland Arbroath 6 October 1962 (1962-10-06) 19 January 1980 (1980-01-19) 17 years, 3 months and 13 days [100]
24 United States Michael Anhaeuser United States Charleston Battery 1 September 2004 (2004-09-01) 1 November 2021 (2021-11-01) 17 years and 2 months [101][102]
25 Norway Vegard Hansen Norway Mjøndalen 10 October 2005 (2005-10-10) 18 August 2022 (2022-08-18) 16 years, 10 months and 8 days [103][104]
26 England Bill Ridding England Bolton Wanderers 1 October 1951 (1951-10-01) 1 August 1968 (1968-08-01) 16 years and 10 months [105]
27 England Tony Waddington England Stoke City 1 June 1960 (1960-06-01) 22 March 1977 (1977-03-22) 16 years, 9 months and 21 days [78]
28 England Eric Taylor England Sheffield Wednesday 1 April 1942 (1942-04-01) 31 July 1958 (1958-07-31) 16 years, 3 months and 30 days [106]
29 Germany Frank Schmidt Germany Heidenheim 17 September 2007 (2007-09-17) Present 16 years, 4 months and 20 days [107]
30 England Stan Cullis England Wolverhampton Wanderers 1 June 1948 (1948-06-01) 1 August 1964 (1964-08-01) 16 years and 2 months [26][108]
31 Spain José Arribas France Nantes 14 July 1960 (1960-07-14) 30 June 1976 (1976-06-30) 15 years, 11 months and 16 days [78]
32 Belgium Francky Dury Belgium Zultse VV /
Zulte Waregem[109] 		1 July 1994 (1994-07-01) 9 June 2010 (2010-06-09) 15 years, 11 months and 8 days [21]
33 Germany Volker Finke Germany Freiburg 1 July 1991 (1991-07-01) 27 May 2007 (2007-05-27) 15 years, 10 months and 26 days [78]
34 England Bill Nicholson England Tottenham Hotspur 11 October 1958 (1958-10-11) 29 August 1974 (1974-08-29) 15 years, 10 months and 18 days [110][111]
35 Scotland Bert Herdman Scotland Raith Rovers 23 February 1946 (1946-02-23) 14 October 1961 (1961-10-14) 15 years, 7 months and 21 days [112]
36 Scotland Tommy Walker Scotland Heart of Midlothian 17 February 1951 (1951-02-17) 24 September 1966 (1966-09-24) 15 years, 7 months and 7 days [113]
37 Azerbaijan Gurban Gurbanov Azerbaijan Qarabağ 4 August 2008 (2008-08-04) Present 15 years, 6 months and 2 days [114]
38 Scotland Jimmy Davies Scotland Greenock Morton 28 October 1939 (1939-10-28) 29 January 1955 (1955-01-29) 15 years, 3 months and 1 day [115]
39 England John Rudge England Port Vale 5 December 1983 (1983-12-05) 18 January 1999 (1999-01-18) 15 years, 1 month and 13 days [116][117]
40 Scotland Jimmy McKinnell Jr. Scotland Queen of the South 20 April 1946 (1946-04-20) 29 April 1961 (1961-04-29) 15 years and 9 days [118]
41 Netherlands Eugène Gerards Greece OFI 1 July 1985 (1985-07-01) 30 June 2000 (2000-06-30) 14 years, 11 months and 29 days [119]
42 England George Kay England Liverpool 1 May 1936 (1936-05-01) 28 February 1951 (1951-02-28) 14 years, 9 months and 27 days [120]
43 England John Lyall England West Ham United 16 August 1974 (1974-08-16) 5 June 1989 (1989-06-05) 14 years, 9 months and 20 days [78]
44 England Simon Weaver England Harrogate Town 20 May 2009 (2009-05-20) Present 14 years, 8 months and 17 days [121]
45 Scotland Bill Shankly England Liverpool 14 December 1959 (1959-12-14) 12 July 1974 (1974-07-12) 14 years, 6 months and 28 days [122]
46 United States Peter Vermes United States Sporting Kansas City 4 August 2009 (2009-08-04) Present 14 years, 6 months and 2 days [123]
47 Germany Otto Rehhagel Germany Werder Bremen 2 April 1981 30 June 1995 14 years, 2 months and 28 days [124]
48 Germany Thomas Schaaf Germany Werder Bremen 10 May 1999 18 May 2013 14 years and 8 days [124]
49 Scotland Hugh Shaw Scotland Hibernian 31 January 1948 (1948-01-31) 4 November 1961 (1961-11-04) 13 years, 9 months and 4 days [125]
50 Spain Miguel Muñoz Spain Real Madrid 17 April 1960 (1960-04-17) 15 January 1974 (1974-01-15) 13 years, 8 months and 29 days [126]

National teams

Guillermo Stábile managed Argentina for almost 19 years, the longest reign in international football
Oscar Tabárez was Uruguay manager for 16 years, the longest streak in the 21st century
Longest managerial reigns in international football
Rank Manager National team From To Length Reference
1 Argentina Guillermo Stábile Argentina Argentina 13 August 1939 (1939-08-13) 15 June 1958 (1958-06-15) 18 years, 10 months and 2 days [127]
2 Italy Vittorio Pozzo Italy Italy 1 December 1929 (1929-12-01) 5 August 1948 (1948-08-05) 18 years, 8 months and 4 days [18][21][128]
3 Austria Hugo Meisl Austria Austria 5 October 1919 (1919-10-05)[129] 17 February 1937 (1937-02-17) 17 years, 4 months and 12 days [128][130]
4 England Walter Winterbottom England England 28 September 1946 (1946-09-28) 21 November 1962 (1962-11-21) 16 years, 1 month and 24 days [128][131]
5 Luxembourg Paul Philipp Luxembourg Luxembourg 25 September 1985 (1985-09-25) 10 June 2001 (2001-06-10) 15 years, 8 months and 16 days [128][132]
6 Uruguay Óscar Tabárez Uruguay Uruguay 7 March 2006 (2006-03-07) 19 November 2021 (2021-11-19) 15 years, 8 months and 12 days [133]
7 Sweden John Pettersson Sweden Sweden 26 March 1921 (1921-03-26) 27 September 1936 (1936-09-27) 15 years, 6 months and 1 day [134]
8 Denmark Morten Olsen Denmark Denmark 1 July 2000 (2000-07-01) 17 November 2015 (2015-11-17) 15 years, 4 months and 16 days [128][135]
9 England Bob Glendenning Netherlands Netherlands 15 March 1925 (1925-03-15) 21 April 1940 (1940-04-21) 15 years, 1 month and 6 days [128][136]
10 San Marino Giampaolo Mazza San Marino San Marino 10 October 1998 (1998-10-10) 15 October 2013 (2013-10-15) 15 years and 5 days [128][137]
11 Germany Joachim Löw Germany Germany 12 July 2006 (2006-07-12) 29 June 2021 (2021-06-29) 14 years, 11 months and 17 days [138]
12 Andorra Koldo Álvarez Andorra Andorra 2 February 2010 (2010-02-02) Present 14 years and 4 days [139]
13 Northern Ireland Billy Bingham Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 26 March 1980 (1980-03-26) 17 November 1993 (1993-11-17) 13 years, 7 months and 22 days [128][140]
14 West Germany Helmut Schön West Germany West Germany 4 November 1964 (1964-11-04) 21 June 1978 (1978-06-21) 13 years, 7 months and 17 days [128][141]
15 West Germany Sepp Herberger West Germany West Germany 22 November 1950 (1950-11-22) 7 June 1964 (1964-06-07) 13 years, 6 months and 16 days [128][142]
16 Luxembourg Luc Holtz Luxembourg Luxembourg 4 August 2010 (2010-08-04) Present 13 years, 6 months and 2 days [143]
17 Belgium Guy Thys Belgium Belgium 22 May 1976 (1976-05-22) 8 June 1989 (1989-06-08) 13 years and 17 days [128][144]
18 Finland Olavi Laaksonen Finland Finland 19 June 1962 (1962-06-19) 9 October 1974 (1974-10-09) 12 years, 3 months and 20 days [145]
19 France Didier Deschamps France France 8 July 2012 (2012-07-08) Present 11 years, 6 months and 29 days [146]
20 England Alf Ramsey England England 27 February 1963 (1963-02-27) 3 April 1974 (1974-04-03) 11 years, 1 month and 7 days [147]
21 East Germany Georg Buschner East Germany East Germany 1 May 1970 (1970-05-01) 31 May 1981 (1981-05-31) 11 years and 30 days [148]
22 Italy Enzo Bearzot Italy Italy 27 September 1975 (1975-09-27) 17 June 1986 (1986-06-17) 10 years, 8 months and 21 days [149]
23 Northern Ireland Peter Doherty Northern Ireland Northern Ireland 6 October 1951 (1951-10-06) 9 May 1962 (1962-05-09) 10 years, 7 months and 3 days [150]
24 Wales Dave Bowen Wales Wales 1 September 1964 (1964-09-01) 30 June 1974 (1974-06-30) 9 years, 9 months and 29 days [151]
25 Senegal Aliou Cisse Senegal Senegal 5 March 2015 (2015-03-05) Present 8 years, 11 months and 1 day

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Fred Everiss, League Managers Association
  2. ^ Lea, Greg (6 December 2019). "The epic life and legacy of Guy Roux, the man who managed Auxerre for 44 years". These Football Times. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  3. ^ "New statistics reveal average tenure of managers in England just 1.23 years". Sky Sports. 5 June 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  4. ^ Mayhew, Ben (6 December 2015). "Manager tenure". Experimental 3–6–1. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  5. ^ Wilson, Jonathan (4 April 2012). "The Question: what marks Pep Guardiola out as a great coach?". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  6. ^ Thacker, Gary (29 June 2015). "Benfica and the curse of Béla Guttmann". These Football Times. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  7. ^ Wilson, Jonathan (2 May 2012). "The Question: why do great teams come to an end?". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  8. ^ managers.htm Football Managers: 1880-1918, Spartacus Educational
  9. ^ Everton's Managers' Records | Background, Everton Results
  10. ^ Aitor Elizegi Announces That Rafael Alkorta Will Serve As His Sporting Director, Inside Athletic, 24 December 2018
  11. ^ Paris Saint-Germain appoints Leonardo as Sporting Director, Paris Saint-Germain FC, 14 June 2019
  12. ^ Arsène Wenger begins the battle for power at Arsenal, David Hytner, The Guardian, 9 May 2017
  13. ^ What is a director of football & how does transfer chief role work?, Goal.com, 13 September 2019
  14. ^ What is a sporting director? All you need to know about the men who shape the destiny of Bundesliga clubs, Bundesliga, 2018
  15. ^ A Catalyst: The Role Of The Sporting Director – FC Business, FCBusiness
  16. ^ Football sporting director role not fully understood, Dr Dan Parnell, Manchester Metropolitan University, 15 February 2019
  17. ^ Understanding the role of Sporting Director, Jobs In Football, 19 June 2020
  18. ^ a b c d "Football's longest managerial reigns". BT Sport. 20 April 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  19. ^ Albion to honour Everiss family, West Bromwich Albion FC, 17 April 2019
  20. ^ (Celtic manager) Maley, Willie, FitbaStats
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h The unsackables: Europe's longest-serving coaches, Paul Saffer, UEFA.com, 21 May 2016
  22. ^ George Ramsay, League Managers Association
  23. ^ Ex Aston Villa boss George Ramsay ranked one of English football's greatest managers, Birmingham Mail, 22 March 2014
  24. ^ George Ramsay – The World’s First Football Manager, Scottish Football Museum, 19 October 2018
  25. ^ Jack Addenbrooke, League Managers Association
  26. ^ a b c Old Gold | Wolves' greatest managers, Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, 30 June 2020
  27. ^ John ‘Sailor’ Hunter, MotherWELLnet
  28. ^ Frank Watt, League Managers Association
  29. ^ (Rangers manager) Struth, Bill, FitbaStats
  30. ^ John Nicholson, League Managers Association
  31. ^ Sam Allen, League Managers Association
  32. ^ Syd King, League Managers Association
  33. ^ Arthur Dickinson, League Managers Association
  34. ^ Bob Jack, League Managers Association
  35. ^ David Calderhead (Snr), League Managers Association
  36. ^ (Morton manager) Cochrane, Bob, FitbaStats
  37. ^ (Partick Thistle manager) Easton, George, FitbaStats
  38. ^ Partick Thistle's Loss | George Easton's Great Work For His Club, The Weekly News, 6 April 1929, via Partick Thistle History Archive
  39. ^ Madden, Johnny, The Celtic Wiki
  40. ^ Charles Foweraker, League Managers Association
  41. ^ Bob Masters, League Managers Association
  42. ^ Robert Kyle, TheStatCat
  43. ^ Harry Curtis, League Managers Association
  44. ^ Alfred Jones, League Managers Association
  45. ^ Fred Stewart, League Managers Association
  46. ^ (Falkirk manager) Nicol, William, FitbaStats
  47. ^ Willie Nicol (Daddy), Better Meddle
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