((Short description|None))
((for|other topics with similar names|Indian massacre (disambiguation)))
((pp|small=yes))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=November 2014))
((Primary sources|date=October 2020))
((Unreliable sources|date=October 2020))
((Disputed|date=March 2021))
))
((Use Indian English|date=November 2019))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2019))
A [[massacre]] is the deliberate slaughter of members of one group by one or more members of another more powerful group. A massacre may be indiscriminate or highly methodical in application. A massacre is a single event, though it may occur during the course of an extended military campaign or war. A massacre is separate from a battle (an event in which opposing sides fight), but may follow in its immediate aftermath, when one side has surrendered or lost the ability to fight, yet the victors persist in killing their opponents.

==Pre-colonial India==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
!Name/Place
!Date
!Location
!'''Perpetrator''' 
!Deaths
!Notes
!Ref(s)
|-
|[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)]]
|1303
|[[Chittor]], [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila kingdom]]
|((flagicon image |Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg)) [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultanate of Delhi]]
|30,000
|[[Alauddin Khalji]] ordered the massacre of 30,000 people of [[Chittor]] after besieging and capturing it, according to [[Amir Khusrau]].
|<ref>((cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&q=khilji+chittor+30%2C000&pg=PA30|title=The State at War in South Asia|last=Barua|first=Pradeep|date=January 2005|publisher= University of Nebraska Press|pages=30, 317|isbn=0803213441))</ref>
|-
|[[Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)|Siege of Chittorgarh (1568)]]
|February 1568
|[[Chittor Fort]]
|[[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
|30,000
| [[Akbar]] ordered the general massacre of 30,000 non combatants in [[Chittor]] and took many as prisoners.
| <ref>((Cite book|author=Rima Hooja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qqd1RAAACAAJ |title=A History of Rajasthan (PB) |date=2006 |publisher=Rupa & Company|isbn=978-81-291-1501-0|page=463|quote=The subsequent sack of Chittor was accompanied by a massacre of the surviving populace of some 30,000 non-combatantsmany of whom were peasants from surrounding areas who had sought shelter within the fort|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book|author=Satish Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDxuAAAAMAAJ |title=Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan |date=1993 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-6385-4|page=21|quote=Exaspered by the stiffness of the resistance, Akbar ordered a general massacre in the course of which about 30,000 persons were killed including the defenders and a large number of peasants who had taken shelter in the fort. A large number of people were taken prisoners|language=en))</ref> 
|-
|[[Timur#Campaign_against_the_Tughlaq_dynasty|Capture of Delhi (1398)]]
|1398
|[[Loni, Ghaziabad]],
((flagicon image |Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg)) [[Delhi Sultanate]]
|((flagicon image |Timurid.svg)) [[Timurid Empire]]
|100,000 Indian captives
|Before the Battle of Delhi, [[Timur|Timur the Lame]] saw his plunder and captured slaves reaching massive numbers. Fearing complications, he ordered his soldiers to kill all 100,000 captives to prevent a rebellion before the attack. Historical accounts are unclear, but an estimated million casualties on the Indian side, including slaves, civilians, and soldiers, is assumed.
|<ref>((cite book|last=Raychaudhuri and Habib|title=Cambridge Economic History Of India Vol-1|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|page=91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PsyatLixPsUC&pg=PA91|access-date=28 January 2014|isbn=9788125027300))</ref><ref>((cite book|author=N. Jayapalan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6L6avTlqJNYC&q=timur+massacre+Bhatnir&pg=PA50|title=History of India|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors|year=2001|isbn=978-8171569281))</ref><ref>((cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5434|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period|publisher=Trübner and Company|year=1871|page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5434/page/n508 491]))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Battle of Delhi ((!)) Summary|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Delhi-1398|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en))</ref>
|-
|Battle of Ahmednagar
|1559-60
|[[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
|((flagicon image |Vijayanagara flag.png)) [[Vijayanagara Empire]]<br>
((flagicon image |Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg))[[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
|Unknown
|According to [[Firishta]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] army of [[Aliya Rama Raya|Ram Raya]] allied with [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur]] laid waste to the Ahmednagar's country so thoroughly that from [[Paranda|Parenda]] to [[Junnar]] and from Ahmednagar to [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]], not a vestige of population was left. They also massacred and looted [[Gujarati Muslims|Muslims]] in [[Ahmednagar]]. During the siege of [[Ahmednagar Fort]], [[Ali Adil Shah I|Ali Adil Shah]] of Bijapur and [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali|Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]] of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Golconda]] also laid waste to the adjacent territory.
|<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&pg=PA110|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar|author=Radhey Shyam|year=1966|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|pages=110, 111|isbn=9788120826519))</ref><ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-ub1MSr89QC&pg=PA79|title=Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia|author=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|date=30 October 2012|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|page=79|isbn=9780674067363|author-link=Sanjay Subrahmanyam))</ref><ref>((cite book|title=The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3|author=Wolseley Haig|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|page=682|author-link=Wolseley Haig))</ref>
|-
|[[Khejarli massacre]]
|1730
|[[Khejarli]]
|((flagicon image |Flag of Jodhpur.svg))
[[Kingdom of Marwar]]
|363
[[Bishnoi]]s 
|363 [[Bishnois]] killed, tree harvesting halted and outlawed in the [[Khejarli]]
|<ref>((Cite web |title=Bishnoi villagers sacrifice lives to save trees, 1730 ((!)) Global Nonviolent Action Database |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/bishnoi-villagers-sacrifice-lives-save-trees-1730 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu))</ref>
|-
|[[Chhota Ghallughara]]
|1746
|[[Lahore]]
|((flagicon image |Flag of the Mughal Empire (triangular).svg))[[Mughal Empire]]
|3,000 Sikh prisoners
|7,000 Sikhs were killed in battle with armies of [[Mughal period in Lahore|Diwan of Lahore]]. 3,000 were captured and executed in Lahore.
|<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA675|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813|author=Jaswant Lal Mehta|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=2005|isbn=9781932705546))</ref><ref name="Shani">((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKu66SixH6AC&pg=PA85|title=Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age|author=Giorgio Shani|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|page=85|isbn=9781134101894))</ref>
|-
|[[Vadda Ghalughara]]
|1763
|[[Punjab]]
|[[File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Herat.svg|border|25x25px]] [[Durrani Empire]]
|Est. 25,000–30,000 Sikhs
| Perpetrated by Afghan Muslim forces of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]].
|<ref name=Shani/>
|-
|}

==Colonial India==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
!Name/Place
!Date
!Location
!Deaths
!Notes
!Reference(s)
|-
|[[Red Fort]], peepal tree massacre
|16 May 1857
|[[Delhi]], ((flagicon image |Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg)) [[Mughal Empire]]
|~ 40–52 Europeans
|[[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]'s palace servants and Indian soldiers executed the European civilians captured in the previous day's riots.
|
|-
|Mutiny in [[Allahabad]]
|6 June 1857
| [[Allahabad]], ((flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg)) [[Company rule in India]]
| ~ 50 Europeans
| The [[3rd Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry|6th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry]] Mutinied, killing their European officers, and looted the city.
|<ref>((Cite book|last=Meek|first=R. (Robert)|url=https://archive.org/details/martyrofallahaba00meekiala|title=The martyr of Allahabad; memorials of Ensign Arthur Marcus Hill Cheek, of the Sixth Native Bengal Infantry, murdered by the Sepoys at Allahabad|date=1857|publisher=London : J. Nisbet|others=University of California Libraries))</ref>
|-
|[[Siege of Cawnpore]]
|5–25 June 1857
|[[Kanpur]], ((flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg)) [[Company rule in India]]
|~ 1,000
|Europeans soldiers, merchants, engineers, their wives and children, along with the East India Company sepoys, who were either Christian or refused to join mutiny or join [[Nana Sahib]] forces 
|
|-
|Massacres by [[James George Smith Neill|General Neill]]
| 17 June–July 1857
|[[Allahabad]], [[Kanpur]] and surrounding areas, ((flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg)) [[Company rule in India]]
|Thousands of Indian mutineers, suspected rebels and civilians
|The massacres at Allahabad took place before the Bibighar massacre; the ones at Kanpur after it
|<ref>((cite book | author=Heather Streets | title=Martial Races: The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BscnZT_1po8C&pg=PA39 | access-date=13 August 2013 | year=2004 | publisher=Manchester University Press | isbn=978-0-7190-6962-8 | pages=39–))</ref>
|-
|[[Satichaura Ghat massacre]]
|27 June 1857
|[[Kanpur]], ((flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg)) [[Company rule in India]]
|~ 200 British officers
|Massacre by Nana Sahib's forces
|<ref name="Tickell2013">((cite book | author=Alex Tickell | title=Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830–1947 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kiE9ie0hi8IC&pg=PA69 | access-date=13 August 2013 | date=17 June 2013 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-1-136-61841-3 | page=69 ))</ref>
|-
|[[Bibighar massacre]]
|15 July 1857
|[[Kanpur]], ((flagicon image |Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg)) [[Company rule in India]]
|~ 200 British women and children
|The victims were prisoners under Nana Sahib's forces. The massacre was carried out by a group of butchers, but who ordered it remains unclear.
|<ref name="Gorra2008">((cite book | author=Michael Gorra | title=After Empire: Scott, Naipaul, Rushdie | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9m6PteVNcPAC&pg=PA21 | access-date=13 August 2013 | date=15 April 2008 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | isbn=978-0-226-30476-2 | pages=21–))</ref>
|-
|Kuka (Namdhari) massacre at Malerkotla
|17–18 January 1872
|[[Malerkotla]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|~ 65 Kuka (Namdhari) Killed
|Mr. Cowan (the Deputy Commissioner of Ludhiana) and Mr. Forsyth (the Commissioner of Ambala) ordered the Namdharis to be executed with cannons, without any trial, on 17 and 18 January 1872 respectively.
|<ref>''Rebels Against the British Rule (1995)''. Bhai Nahar Singh & Bhai Kirpal Singh. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors; Page XXI</ref>
|-
|[[Mangarh massacre]]
|17 November 1913
|Mangadh (now Gujarat-Rajasthan),((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|Claimed 1,500 tribals
|Machine guns and canons were fired under the command of British officers Major S. Bailey and Captain E. Stoiley. R.E. Hamilton, a local political agent had played key role. About 900 more were captured.
|<ref>((Cite web|last=Mahurkar|first=Uday|date=1999-11-30|title=Descendants of Mangad massacare seek recognition for past tragedy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/20120910-jallianwala-bagh-in-gujarat-brutal-tribal-massacre-gujarat-rajasthan-border-759622-1999-11-30|access-date=2021-05-28|website=India Today|language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite web|date=2015-11-21|title=Mangarh: A battle for tribal legacy|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/mangarh-a-battle-for-tribal-legacy/|access-date=2021-05-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en))</ref>
|-
|[[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
|13 April 1919
|[[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|379–1,500 dead, ~1,100 Indians.
|[[Reginald Edward Harry Dyer]] ordered a unit of the British Indian Army to open fire on a large meeting, taking place contrary to orders posted by Dyer and subsequent to a series of lynchings, rapes, arsons, and intimidation of local business people by anti-colonial protestors. 
|
|-
|[[Malabar rebellion]]
|October 1921
|[[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]], [[Kerala]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|2,337–10,000 Hindus and Muslims (100,000 Hindus permanently migrated).
| [[Khilafat Movement]] considered as main cause.
|
|-
|Pal-Chitariya massacre
|7 March 1922
|Pal-Chitariya, Vijaynagar (now Gujarat),  ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|Claimed 1200 tribals
|The Mewar Bhil Corps led by a British officer, Major H.G. Sutton, fired on a gathering of tribals.
|<ref>((Cite magazine|author=UDAY MAHURKAR |date=September 1, 1997 |title=Palchitaria: The carnage that took place in Gujarat three years after Jallianwala massacre|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19970901-palchitaria-the-carnage-that-took-place-in-gujarat-three-years-after-jallianwala-massacre-830500-1997-09-01|access-date=2021-05-28|magazine=India Today|language=en))</ref>
|-
|[[1924 Kohat riots|Kohat riots]]
|9–11 September 1924
|[[Kohat]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|155 Hindus and Sikhs were killed (3,200 Hindus permanently migrated).
| 
|
|-
| Calcutta riots
| 15 July 1926
|[[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
| 100+ dead, 200+ injured
| A Muslim mob attacked a Hindu possession, later broken up by a mounted police charge on the Muslim rioters. 
| <ref>((cite web|title=The Calcutta Riots (15 July 1926)|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60918540|website=Townsville Daily Bulletin|access-date=16 August 2017))</ref>
|-
| United Provinces riots 
| 1923 to 1927
|[[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
| thousands dead and injured
| 88 separate communal riots, including the: 4 September 1927 Nagpur riots, 3–7 May 1927 Lahore,  November 1927 Lahore.
| <ref>((cite book|last1=Singh Nijjar|first1=Bakhshish|title=History of the United Panjab, Volume 1|date=1996|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-8171565344|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luropwVYb0kC&q=lahore+riots+1927&pg=PA153|access-date=16 August 2017))</ref><ref>((cite book|last1=Ganesan|first1=A|title=The Press in Tamil Nadu and the Struggle for Freedom, 1917–1937|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-8170990826|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cL7KVAqvSEYC&q=lahore+riots+1927&pg=PA109|access-date=16 August 2017))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=The British Empire - India|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/india.htm|website=The British Empire|access-date=16 August 2017))</ref>
|-
|[[1927 Nagpur riots|Nagpur riots]]
|4 September 1927
|[[Nagpur]], [[Bombay Presidency]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|22 killed, 100+ injured
| 
|
|-
|[[Qissa Khwani massacre]]
|23 April 1930
|[[Peshawar]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|1 British Indian Army dispatch rider, and ~ 20– 230 protesters
|After a British Indian Army despatch rider was killed and burned in the Bazaar two armoured cars were ordered to drive in and open fire on the protesters.
|
|-
|[[Amko Simko massacre]]
|25 April 1939
|Simko Village, [[Sundergarh district|Sundergarh]], [[Odisha]] ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|~ 49 to 300 tribal peasants dead, ~ 50 injured 
|Crowd of tribals resisting the arrest of freedom fighter Nirmal Munda fired upon by troops of the British Indian army.
|<ref name="saritadas">((cite thesis|last=Das|first=Sarita|title=Emergence of political leadership in Sundargarh |publisher=Sambalpur University|date=2007|chapter=CHAPTER IV - Freedom Movement in Sundargarh|chapter-url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187203/9/09_chapter%204.pdf))</ref>
|-
|[[Direct Action Day#Riots and massacre|Calcutta Riots]]
|15 August – 17 September 1946
|[[West Bengal]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|7,000 to 10,000 Hindus and Muslims.
|Hindus and Muslims clashed during a protest by [[All-India Muslim League]] termed as [[Direct Action Day]].
|<ref name="Sengupta">((cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Debjani |year=2006 |chapter =A City Feeding on Itself: Testimonies and Histories of 'Direct Action' Day |chapter-url=http://archive.sarai.net/files/original/2ed2f960de6596b5ed75501e6de2c774.pdf |editor-last=Narula |editor-first=Monica |title=Turbulence |series=Serai Reader |volume=6 |publisher=The Sarai Programme, Center for the Study of Developing Societies |pages=288–295 |oclc=607413832))</ref>
|-
|[[Noakhali riots]]
|September–October 1946
|[[East Bengal]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|5,000 Hindus
|Muslim community attacked Hindu community for seizing wealth and forced conversion to Islam. Around 150,000 to 750,000 survivors were sheltered in temporary relief camps
|<ref name="khan68-69">((cite book |title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |year=2007 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300120783 |url=https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatpartitionma00khan/page/68 68]–69))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/india-1900-1947|title=India from 1900 to 1947 ((!)) Sciences Po Encyclopédie des violences de masse|date=2016-01-20|website=www.sciencespo.fr|access-date=29 November 2016))</ref><ref name="sd278-80">((cite book |title=1946: The Great Calcutta Killings and Noakhali Genocide |last1=Sinha |first1=Dinesh Chandra |last2=Dasgupta |first2=Ashok |year=2011 |publisher=Himangshu Maity |location=Kolkata |pages=278–280 |isbn=9788192246406))</ref>
|-
|[[Punnapra-Vayalar uprising]]
|March – October 1946
|[[Valayar]], [[Travancore]], [[Kerala]] ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|400
|Travancore police attacked [[communists]]
|<ref>((cite news|last1=D|first1=Jose|title=Punnapra Vayalar violence can't be part of freedom struggle|url=http://m.rediff.com/news/nov/04kerala.htm|accessdate=4 April 2014|newspaper=Rediff On The Net|date=1997))</ref>
|-
|[[1946 Bihar riots|Bihar Massacre]]
|30 October – 7 November 1946
|[[Bihar]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|2,000–3,000 Muslims
|By Hindus in reaction to [[Noakhali riots]]
|<ref>Ian Stephens, ''Pakistan'' (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), p. 111.</ref>
|-
|[[Garhmukteshwar#Partition violence|Garhmukteshwar Anti-Muslim Violence]]
|November 1946
|[[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)) [[British Raj]]
|at least 214 Muslims
|Partition of the country into India and Pakistan was looming.
|<ref name="Pandeyp94">((cite book |title=Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India |first=Gyanendra |last=Pandey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780521002509 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdLhnFet4w4C&pg=PA94 |pages=94–98))</ref>
|-
|}

==Independent India==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
!Name/Place
!Date
!Location
!Deaths
!Notes
!Reference(s)
|-
|[[Partition of India]]
|1947
|[[Punjab]], [[Dehli|Delhi]] and [[Sindh]], ((flagicon image |British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg)), ((flagicon image |Flag_of_India.svg)) [[Dominion of India]] and ((flagicon image | Flag_of_Pakistan.svg))[[Dominion of Pakistan]]
|~ 200,000–2,000,000 people
|Massacre of Sikhs and Hindus by Muslims in West Punjab and of Muslims by Sikhs and Hindus in East Punjab. The communal violence resulted in the murder of 20,000–25,000 Muslims and 45000-60000 Hindus. UNHCR estimates 14&nbsp;million were displaced by the violence.
|<br /><ref name="D'Costa 2011 53">((Cite book|title=Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia|last=D'Costa|first=Bina|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9780415565660|pages=53))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations|last=Sikand|first=Yoginder|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781134378258|pages=5))</ref><ref name="Butalia 2000">((Cite book|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/butalia-silence.html|title=The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India|last=Butalia|first=Urvashi|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2000))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Zamindar |first=Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali |date=2010 |title=The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=247 |isbn=978-0-231-13847-5))</ref>
|-
|[[1947 Jammu massacres|Jammu massacres]]
|September to November 1947
|[[Jammu division]], ((flagicon image |Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936-1953).svg)) [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]]
|20,000–100,000 Muslims<ref>((cite book |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |date=2015 |title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris |location=London |publisher=Hurst |isbn=9781849043427 |page=167))</ref><ref name=":0">((Cite web|url=http://www.kashmirlife.net/circa-1947-a-long-story-67652/|title=circa 1947: A Long Story|last=Khalid Bashir Ahmad|website=www.kashmirlife.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-27|date=5 November 2014))</ref>
20,000+ Hindus and Sikhs<ref>((cite book |last=Snedden |first=Christopher |date=2013 |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=9789350298978 |page=56))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |date=2012 |title=Jammu and Kashmir |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789401192323 |page=97))</ref><ref name="Khalid Hasan">((cite web|url=http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|title=Mirpur 1947 – the untold story |last=Hassan |first=Khalid |author-link=Khalid Hasan |date=16 March 2007 |website=Khalid Hasan Online |access-date=2015-08-13|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132633/http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|archive-date=September 28, 2011))</ref>
|
|<ref name=":0" /><ref>((Cite journal|last=Ranjan|first=Amit|date=2017-01-02|title=Christopher Snedden. Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris; Aman M. Hingorani. Unravelling the Kashmir Knot|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=48|issue=1|pages=167–169|doi=10.1080/03068374.2017.1271605|s2cid=164760980|issn=0306-8374))</ref><ref>((Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Satish|date=July 2012|title=Book Review: Christopher Snedden, Kashmir: The Unwritten HistorySneddenChristopherKashmir: The Unwritten History (Noida, India: Harper Collins Publishers, 2013), 460pp. ₹599.|journal=International Studies|volume=49|issue=3–4|pages=449–451|doi=10.1177/0020881714534539|s2cid=155812870|issn=0020-8817))</ref><ref>((Citation|last=Das Gupta|first=Jyoti Bhusan|chapter=The State of Jammu and Kashmir|date=1968|pages=12–33|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=9789401184991|doi=10.1007/978-94-011-9231-6_2|title=Jammu and Kashmir))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132633/http://www.khalidhasan.net/2007/03/16/mirpur-1947-%E2%80%93-the-untold-story/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-09-28|title=Mirpur 1947 – the untold story |date=2011-09-28|access-date=2018-08-12))</ref>
|-
|[[Kharsawan massacre]]
|1 January 1948
|[[Kharsawan State]], ((Flagicon image|Flag_of_India.svg)) [[Dominion of India]]
|100+ Adivasis
|Massacre of Adivasis by Orissa Military Police in Kharsawan market ground.
|<ref>((Cite book |last=Kiro |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxdkDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PT119 |title=The Life and Times of Jaipal Singh Munda: The Life and Times of Jaipal Singh Munda: Remembering Jaipal Singh Munda, the Tribal Leader |date=2020-09-15 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5266-943-1 |language=hi))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Nirdosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NcjrDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PA266 |title=THE MAKING OF ADIVASI MAHASABHA |date=2019-07-04 |publisher=Book Rivers |isbn=978-93-88727-08-2 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Pankaj |first=Ashwini Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIxVDwAAQBAJ&dq=kharsawan+massacre&pg=PA119 |title=ADIVASIDOM : Selected writings & speeches of Jaipal Singh Munda |date=2017-06-01 |publisher=Pyara Kerketta Foundation |isbn=978-93-81056-70-7 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Stuligross |first=David Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6ZNAQAAMAAJ&q=kharsawan+massacre |title=A Piece of Land to Call One's Own: Multicultural Federalism and Institutional Innovation in India |date=2001 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |language=en))</ref>
|-
|[[Hyderabad Massacres]]
|1948
|((flagicon image |Hyderabad_State_Flag.gif)) [[Hyderabad State]]
|27,000–40,000 Hyderabadi civilians <ref name="bbc" />
|Mass murder and rape of Muslims by Indian Armed forces and Hindu paramilitary groups.
|<ref name="bbc">((Cite news | last = Thomson | first = Mike | title = India's hidden massacre | work = BBC | access-date = 26 September 2013 | date = 2013-09-24 | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594 ))</ref>
|-
| [[Matikhrü massacre]]
| 6 September 1960
| [[Matikhrü]] ''((small|(now in [[Phek district]], Nagaland)))''
| 9 civilians
| The incident took place on September 6, 1960, when forces of the [[16th Punjab Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]] committed an act of [[mass murder]] against the village of [[Matikhrü]].
|<ref>((Cite web|last=Katiry|first=Zhiwhuotho|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/living-eyewitness-pochury-black-day-and-massacre-of-matikhru-village/|title=Living Eyewitness – Pochury Black Day, and Massacre of Matikhrü Village|date=September 5, 2017|newspaper=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=December 10, 2021))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/16355|title=Nagalim: Remembrance Of Matikhrü Incident|date=September 9, 2013|website=[[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]|access-date=December 10, 2021))</ref>
|-
| [[1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation]]
| 7 November 1966
| [[New Delhi]]
| 7 killed
| Hindu [[Sadhu]]s and protestors killed by government <ref name=":1">((Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/article16183780.ece|title=(dated November 8, 1966)|date=8 November 2016|work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X))</ref>
|
|-
|[[Kilvenmani massacre]]
|25 December 1968
|[[Nagapattinam]] Tamil Nadu
|44 killed
|Striking agricultural workers murdered by a gang, allegedly by their landlords.
|
|-
|[[1969 Gujarat riots]]
|1969
|[[Gujarat]]
|Officially 660 total; 430 Muslims, 24 Hindus, 58 others/unidentified casualties
|Hindu-Muslim riots. 1074 injured and over 48,000 lost their property. Unofficial reports claim as high as 2000 deaths. Muslim community suffered the majority of the losses. Out of the 512 deaths reported in the police complaints, 430 were Muslims. Property worth 42 million rupees destroyed during the riots, with Muslims losing 32 million worth of property.
|<ref name="JagmohanReport1971">((cite book | author = Pingle Jagamohan Reddy | author2 = Nusserwanji K Vakil | author3 = Akbar S Sarela | name-list-style = amp | publisher = Commission of Inquiry on Communal Disturbances at Ahmedabad and at Various Places in the State of Gujarat on and after 18 September 1969, Home Department, Government of Gujarat | title=Report: Inquiry into the communal disturbances at Ahmedabad and other places in Gujarat on and after 18th September 1969 | year=1971 | page = 180 ))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Muslims in Indian cities : trajectories of marginalisation|date=2012|publisher=Columbia University Press|others=Gayer, Laurent., Jaffrelot, Christophe.|isbn=9780231703086|location=New York (N.Y.)|oclc=730413638))</ref><ref>((Cite book|title=Communalism and sexual violence in India : the politics of gender, ethnicity and conflict|author=Kumar, Megha|isbn=9781786720689|location=London|oclc=958926230|date = 2016-06-16))</ref>
|-
|[[Turkman gate demolition and rioting]]
|1976
|[[Delhi]]
|Officially 6, unofficially 15 killed by police (nearly all Muslims).
|Killing of Delhi residents who refused to move residence.
|<ref>India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics ((ISBN|9788131725672))</ref>
|-
|[[Marichjhapi massacre]]
|31 January 1979
|[[West Bengal]]
|Official figures 2, Hindustan Times quotes 50 to 1000 Hindu refugees. Actual numbers estimated to be around 3000–5000.
|Killing of refugees who came from East Pakistan.
|<ref name=haunt>((cite news|last=Bhattacharya|first=Snigdhendu|title=Ghost of Marichjhapi returns to haunt|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/ghost-of-marichjhapi-returns-to-haunt/story-4v78MhnW2IZVCQMPfDObqO.html|access-date=5 August 2013|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|date=25 April 2011))</ref>
|-
|[[1980 Moradabad riots|Moradabad riots]]
|1980
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| Officially 400; unofficial estimates as high as 2500.
| Started as a Muslim-Police conflict; later turned into a Hindu-Muslim riot.
|<ref name="Asghar1991">((cite book | author=Satish Saberwal, Mushirul Hasan| editor = Asgharali Engineer | chapter = 14. Moradabad Riots, 1980: Causes and Meanings | title=Communal riots in post-independence India | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yB5NM0o3I9QC&pg=PA209 | access-date=6 April 2013 | year=1991 | publisher=Universities Press | isbn=978-81-7370-102-3 | pages=209–227))</ref>
|-
|[[Mandai massacre]]
|1980
|[[Tripura]]
|255–500 Bengali Hindu refugees
|
|<ref>((cite news |title=350 Bengalis Are Massacred in Indian Village |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19800616&id=3E4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3736,2460642 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=16 June 1980 |access-date=15 July 2012))</ref>
|-
|[[Gua massacre]] 
|8 September 1980
|[[Bihar]]
|11 Adivasis 
|Massacre of Adivasis by Bihar Military Police in a hospital.
|<ref>((Cite web |date=2016-03-27 |title=Gua Massacre in the History of Jharkhand Movement – Adivasi Resurgence |url=https://adivasiresurgence.com/2016/03/27/gua-massacre-in-the-history-of-jharkhand-movement/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Gua massacre underscores growing militancy of tribal movement in Bihar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19801015-gua-massacre-underscores-growing-militancy-of-tribal-movement-in-bihar-821495-2014-01-06 |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=India Today |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Alvares |first=Claude Alphonso |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpO4AAAAIAAJ&q=gua+massacre |title=Science, Development and Violence: The Revolt Against Modernity |date=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-562914-9 |language=en))</ref>
|-
|[[Khoirabari massacre]]
|7 February 1983
|[[Assam]]
|100-500 Bengalis
|
|<ref name="gupta1984">((cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Shekhar |title=Assam: A Valley Divided |date=1984 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-7069-2537-1 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZbaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1=Barpujari |first1=H. K. |title=North-East India: Problems, Policies, and Prospects : Since Independence |date=1998 |publisher=Spectrum Publication |isbn=978-81-85319-81-0 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FluAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 November 2018))</ref>
|-
|[[Nellie massacre]]
|18 February 1983
|[[Assam]]
|2,191 Bengalis, majorly Muslim
|In Assam
|<ref>* Chadha, Vivek, ''Low Intensity Conflicts in India.'' Sage Publications, 2005.</ref>
|-
|Train Passenger massacre I (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|23 February 1984
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|11 Hindus
|
|
|-
|[[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
|31 October – 4 November 1984
|Primarily [[Delhi]] but also other parts of [[India]]
|8,000 - 17,000 Sikhs all over India
|Series of riots after [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi]].
|
|-
|[[Hondh-Chillar massacre]] (part of the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]])
|2 November 1984
|[[Hondh-Chillar]], [[Haryana]]
|32 Sikhs
|Rioting by Indian National Congress Party members after Assassination of Indira Gandhi.
|
|-
|Desri Ground massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|28 March 1986
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|13 Hindus
|
|
|-
|Mallian massacre  (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|29 March 1986
|[[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|20 Hindu labourers
|
|
|-
|Bus Passenger massacre III (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|25 July 1986
|[[Mukatsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|15 Hindus
|
|
|-
|Bus Passenger massacre IV (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|30 November 1986
|Khudda, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|24 Hindus
|
|
|-
|[[Hashimpura massacre]]
|22 May 1987
|[[Meerut]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|42 Muslims
|
|
|-
|Bus Passenger massacre V (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|July 1987
|[[Fatehbad]], [[Haryana]]
|80 Hindus
|
|
|-
|Jagdev Kalan massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|6 August 1987
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|13 Hindus
|
|
|-
|Rajbah massacre (part of the [[List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India|terrorist incidents in Punjab]])
|31 March 1988
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|18 Hindus belonging to 1 family
|
|
|-

|-
|Train Passenger massacre II (part of the [[1991 Punjab killings]])
|15 June 1988
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|80 (mostly Hindus)
|
|
|-
|Train Passenger massacre III (part of the [[1991 Punjab killings]])
|December 1988
|[[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|49 (mostly Hindus)
|
|
|-
|Hazaribagh massacre
|September 1989
|[[Hazaribagh]]
|53 Hindus and 20 Muslims
|
|((citation needed|date=September 2023))
|-
|[[1989 Bhagalpur violence|Bhagalpur riots]]
|October 1989
|[[Bhagalpur]], [[Bihar]]
|The total dead numbered around 1000, around 900 were Muslims; it was difficult to establish the religious identity of other victims.
|Two false rumors about the killing of Hindu students started circulating: one rumor stated that nearly 200 Hindu university students had been killed by the Muslims, while another rumor stated that 31 Hindu boys had been murdered with their bodies dumped in a well at the Sanskrit College.
|
|-
|[[Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus|1990 Kashmiri Hindus killings]]
|1990s
|[[Kashmir Valley]]
| 30–80 Kashmiri Pandits<ref name=braithewaite-dcosta>
((citation|last1=Braithwaite|first1=John|author1-link=John Braithwaite (criminologist)|last2=D'Costa|first2=Bina|author2-link=Bina D'Costa|title=Cacades of violence:War, Crime and Peacebuilding Across South Asia|chapter=Recognizing cascades in India and Kashmir|year=2018|publisher=Australian National University Press|isbn=9781760461898|quote=... when the violence surged in early 1990, more than 100,000 Hindus of the valley—known as Kashmiri Pandits—fled their homes, with at least 30 killed in the process.))
</ref><ref name=sumantra-bose-mortality>
((citation|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|author-link=Sumantra Bose|title=Kashmir at the Crossroads, Inside a 21st-Century Conflict. |publisher=Yale University Press|year=2020|isbn=978-0-300-25687-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BK9FEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|page=92|quote=On 15 March 1990, by which time the Pandit exodus from the Valley was substantially complete, the All-India Kashmiri Pandit Conference, a community organisation, stated that thirty-two Pandits had been killed by militants since the previous autumn.))</ref>
|Large numbers had fled since 1989 to escape targeted killings and abductions. 219 were killed from 1989 to 2004 according to government of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], while an organization of the community in Kashmir carried out a survey whose data stated that 399 had been killed since 1990 with an estimated 75% killed in 1990 alone.
|<ref name="thomas.loc.gov">((cite web|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:H.CON.RES.344:|publisher=thomas.loc.gov|title=U S Congress Bill|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-date=13 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113121916/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:H.CON.RES.344:|url-status=dead))</ref><ref name="auto">((cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ldquo219-Kashmiri-Pandits-killed-by-militants-since-1989rdquo/article16006510.ece|title=219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 March 2010))</ref>
<ref name="greaterkashmir">((cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/news/399-pandits-killed-since-1990-kpss/97140.html|publisher=greaterkashmir.com|title=399 Pandits killed since 1990: KPSS |access-date=3 March 2017))</ref><ref>((cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkt7CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46|title=State, Society, and Minorities in South and Southeast Asia|publisher=Lexington Books|page=46|year=2015|isbn=9780739188910))</ref>
|-
|[[Gawkadal massacre]]
|20 January 1990
|[[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|50 Kashmiri Protestors
|Indian Forces opened fire, with heavy guns, on a group of Kashmiri protesters, who were pelting stones at the police 
|
|-
|[[Ayodhya firing incident|Ayodhya police firing on Karsevaks]]
|30 October 1990 and 2 November 1990
|[[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|16 Hindus (official figure)
|Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] ordered the police to open fire on [[Kar Sevak|kar sevaks]] who reached Ayodhya. The dead bodies were allegedly thrown in Saryu river.
|<ref>((cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-16/india/40611404_1_up-bjp-kar-sevaks-ayodhya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719061454/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-16/india/40611404_1_up-bjp-kar-sevaks-ayodhya | url-status=dead | archive-date=19 July 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=1990 decision to order firing on 'kar sevaks' painful, Mulayam Singh Yadav says | date=16 July 2013))</ref><ref>((Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/firing-on-kar-sevaks-was-sad-but-needed-mulayam-singh-yadav-2999819/|title=Firing on kar sevaks was sad but needed: Mulayam Singh Yadav|work=The Indian Express))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/explainers/2015/12/08/ayodhya-deqoded-part-6-the-making-of-mullah-mulayam|title=Ayodhya DeQoded|website=the quint|date=8 December 2015 ))</ref>
|-
|[[1991 anti-Tamil violence in Karnataka]]
|12–13 December 1991
|Mainly [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore]] but also other parts of southern [[Karnataka]]
|18 Tamils
|violent attacks originated in the demonstrations organised against the orders of the Cauvery Water Tribunal
|
|-
|[[Bombay riots]]
|December 1992 – January 1993
|[[Mumbai]]
|575 Muslims, 275 Hindus, 45 unknown and 5 others
|Hindu-Muslim communal riot as an effect of [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] in [[Ayodhya]].
|
|-
|[[Sopore massacre]]
|6 January 1993
|[[Sopore]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|55 Kashmiri students 
|Security forces fired on procession.
|
|-
|[[1993 Kishtwar massacre]]
|14 August 1993
|Sarthal, [[Kishtwar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|17 Hindu bus passengers
|Militants segregated bus passengers into Hindus and Muslims and fired upon the Hindu group
|<ref>((cite web |last=Swami |first=Praveen |author-link=Praveen Swami |title=Pakistani militants bringing communal war back to J&K. Hindu killings in Rajouri are proof |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/security-code/pakistani-militants-bringing-communal-war-back-to-jk-hindu-killings-in-rajouri-are-proof/1297089/ |work=[[The Print]] |date=4 January 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023))</ref><ref>((citation |last=Bose |first=Sumantra |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir at the Crossroads: Inside a 21st-Century Conflict |year=2021 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26271-1 |page=126))</ref>
|-
|[[Bijbehara massacre]]
|22 October 1993
|[[Bijbehara]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|55 Kashmiri protestors
|Indian armed forces fired upon unarmed Kashmiri protestors resulting in 55 civilian deaths.
|
|-
| [[1994 Mokokchung Massacre]]
| 27 December 1994
| [[Mokokchung]], [[Nagaland]]
| 12 civilians
| The incident took place when forces of the 10 [[Assam Rifles]] and the 12 [[Maratha Light Infantry]] of the [[Indian Army]] raided upon civilian populace of [[Nagaland]]'s [[Mokokchung]].
|<ref>((Cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/1994-isnt-just-number|title=1994 isn't just a number|date=September 22, 2011|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=December 10, 2021))</ref><ref>((Cite web|last=Das|first=Asit|url=https://www.countercurrents.org/das191111.htm|title=Armed Forces(Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) And Irom Sharmila's Struggle For Justice|date=November 19, 2011|website=[[Counter Currents]]|access-date=December 10, 2021))</ref>
|-
|[[1995 Kohima massacre]]
|5 March 1995
|[[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]]
|7 civilians
|The incident was sparked off by a tyre burst from an army convoy's own vehicle leading the armed troops to fire at civilian populace after mistaking the sound of the tyre bursting for a bomb attack.
|<ref>((Cite web|last=Naleo|first=Villo|url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/remembering-truthfully-and-forgiving-generously/|title=Nagaland:Remembering Truthfully and Forgiving Generously|date=August 23, 2016|website=[[Eastern Mirror]]|access-date=5 December 2021))</ref>
|-
|[[1997 Ramabai killings]]
|11 July 1997
|Ramabai colony, [[Mumbai]]
|10 people of the [[Dalit]] caste
|A team of [[State Reserve Police Force]] members fired upon a crowd protesting the recent desecration of a statue of Dalit activist [[B. R. Ambedkar]].
|
|-
|[[Laxmanpur Bathe massacre]]
|1 December 1997
|[[Arwal district]], [[Bihar]]
|58 people of the [[Dalit]] caste
|Upper caste [[Ranvir Sena]] enter village at night and kill 58 [[Dalits]], were sympathizers of the Maoists behind the killing of 37 upper caste men in Bara in Gaya district in 1992.
|<ref>((cite news|author=Arun Kumar |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-08/india/28125248_1_ranvir-sena-arwal-district-upper-caste |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811055629/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-08/india/28125248_1_ranvir-sena-arwal-district-upper-caste |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=16 to hang for killing 58 in Bihar village |date=8 April 2010 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 October 2013))</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Wandhama massacre]]
|25 January 1998
|Wandhama, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|23 Kashmiri Pandit
|Unknown militants
|
|-
|[[1998 Prankote massacre]]
|17 April 1998
|Prankote, [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|26 Hindus
|
|
|-
|[[1998 Chapnari massacre]]
|19 June 1998
|Chapnari, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|25 Hindus
|Allegedly perpetrated by Pakistani-backed insurgents.
|
|-
|[[1998 Chamba massacre]]
|3 August 1998
|[[Chamba district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|35 Hindus
|Attack by Islamic militant group
|
|-
|[[Manjolai labourers massacre]]
|23 July 1999
|[[Tirunelveli]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|17 Dalits
|Forceful dispersion of protestors by police
|
|-
|[[Chittisinghpura massacre]]
|20 March 2000
|[[Chittisinghpura]], [[Anantnag district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|36 Sikhs
|Attack by Islamic militant group
|
|-
|Gouranga Tilla massacre
|2000
|[[Tripura]]
|16 non-tribal Hindus
|
|<ref name="telegraphindia.com">((cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm#head6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130000320/http://telegraphindia.com/1000522/the_east.htm#head6|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2009|publisher=telegraphindia.com|title= 19 Killed in Tripura Massacre Rerun |access-date=3 March 2017))</ref>
|-
|[[Bagber massacre]]
|20 May 2000
|[[Tripura]]
|25 non-tribal Hindus
|
|<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>
|-
|[[Nanoor massacre]]
|27 July 2000
|[[West Bengal]]
|11 labourers
|
|
|-
|[[2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre]]
|1 August 2000
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|30 (Hindu pilgrims)
|Attack by Muslim militants 
|
|-
|Bhojpur village massacre
|15 October 2000
|Bhojpur village, [[Bihar]]
|5 members of a lower caste (including a former village chief) were killed and another three were wounded in an attack.
|8 of the gunmen of the Akhilesh Singh Gang were arrested following the attack<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=200010170012|title=GTD ID:200010170012|work=Global Terrorism Database|accessdate=2023-09-24))</ref>
|<ref>((cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/oct/04bihar.htm|title=Five killed in caste violence in Bihar|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=2023-09-24))</ref>
|-
|[[2001 Aluva massacre]]
|6 January 2001
|[[Aluva]], [[Kerala]]
|6 members of a family
| 
|
|-
|[[2001 Kishtwar massacre]]
|3 August 2001
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|19 Hindus
|Attack by Muslim militants 
|
|-
|[[Godhra train burning|Godhra massacre]]
|27 February 2002
|Godhra, Gujarat
|59 Hindus
| Hindu passengers (mostly women and children) burnt alive and pelted with rocks. Different commissions were set up; one was by the Government of Gujarat to investigate the train burning spent 6 years going over the details of the case, and concluded that the fire was arson committed by a mob of 1000–2000 people. But some reports say the cause of the Godhra train fire is still uncertain. The court convicted 31 Muslims and another 63 were acquitted due to lack of evidence.
|<ref>((cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Gujarat riot death toll revealed |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-05-11 |access-date=2 February 2014))</ref><ref name="Times Of India">((cite news|title=Godhra verdict: 31 convicted in Sabarmati Express burning case|date=February 22, 2011|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104092429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=11 September 2012))</ref><ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/godhra-verdict-31-convicted-63-acquitted-86991 Godhra verdict: 31 convicted, 63 acquitted] NDTV&nbsp;– 1 March 2011</ref>
|-
|[[2002 Gujarat riots]]
|28 February 2002
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|As per government reports, 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus killed, 223 reported missing, 2,500 injured. Unofficial estimates by groups like [[Human Rights Watch]] put the death toll to over 2,000.<ref>((cite journal|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?|journal=Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics|date=July 2003|page=16|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf|access-date=5 November 2013))</ref><ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5SlnZilfMMC&q=2000+deaths+gujarat+riots&pg=PA28|title=The Ethics of Terrorism: Innovative Approaches from an International Perspective|publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher|year=2009|page=28|isbn=9780398079956))</ref>
|Communal violence
|<ref name="Official death toll">
((cite news|title=Gujarat riot death toll revealed|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4536199.stm|publisher=BBC|date=11 May 2005))
</ref>
|-
|[[Gulbarg Society massacre]] (part of the [[2002 Gujarat riots]])
|28 February 2002
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|69 (mostly Muslims)
|
|
|-
|[[Naroda Patiya massacre]] (part of the [[2002 Gujarat riots]])
|28 February 2002
|[[Naroda]], [[Ahmedabad]]
|97 Muslims
|
|<ref name=hindu12>((cite news |title=Ex-BJP Minister among 32 convicted of Naroda-Patiya massacre |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article3835078.ece?homepage=true |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012))</ref><ref name=cnn12>((cite news |title=Naroda Patiya massacre: BJP MLA Maya Kodnani, Bajrang Dal leader Babu Bajrangi and 30 others convicted |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/naroda-patiya-massacre-bjp-mla-maya-kodnani-bajrang-dal-leader-babu-bajrangi-and-30-others-convicted/286609-37-64.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831162851/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/naroda-patiya-massacre-bjp-mla-maya-kodnani-bajrang-dal-leader-babu-bajrangi-and-30-others-convicted/286609-37-64.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 August 2012 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=29 August 2012 ))</ref><ref name="indiatimes1">((cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104092429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-22/india/28624491_1_maulvi-umarji-godhra-train-maulana-umarji |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Godhra verdict: 31 convicted in Sabarmati Express burning case |access-date=2 February 2014))</ref>
|-
|March 2002 Raghunath attack (part of [[2002 Raghunath temple attacks]])
|30 March 2002
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|11 Hindus killed, 20 injured (Hindu devotees)
|Muslim militant
|
|-
|[[2002 Qasim Nagar massacre]]
|13 July 2002
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|29 Hindus
|Terrorist attack
|
|-
|[[Akshardham Temple attack]]
|24 September 2002
|[[Gujarat]]
|29 killed, 79 injured (Hindus)
| Terrorist attack
|
|-
|November 2002 Raghunath temple attack (part of [[2002 Raghunath temple attacks]])
|24 November 2002
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|14 killed, 45 injured (mostly Hindu devotees)
|Blamed on [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
|<ref>((cite web|url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2002-11/a-2002-11-25-2-Security.cfm|title=Security Increased in Jammu City Following Attack on Hindu Temple|last=Pasricha|first=Anjana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915223900/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2002-11/a-2002-11-25-2-Security.cfm|archive-date=15 September 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-01-11))</ref>
|-
|[[2003 Nadimarg massacre]]
|23 March 2002
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|24 Hindus
|Terrorist attack
|
|-
|[[2002 Kaluchak massacre]]
|14 May 2002
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|31
| Terrorist attack on a tourist bus and Army's family quarter.
|
|-
|[[Marad massacre]]
|May 2003
|[[Kerala]]
|8 killed, 58 injured - A.
|
|
|-
|[[Kamalnagar massacre]]
|14 August 2003
|[[Tripura]]
|14 killed
|
|<ref>((cite news |title=5 ministers heckled at carnage site |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/5-ministers-heckled-at-carnage-site/cid/808471 |work=The Telegraph |date=18 August 2003))</ref>
|-
|[[2006 Varanasi bombings]]
|March 2006
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|28 killed, 101 injured - Devotees of [[Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple]] targeted
|Terrorist attack on a Hindu temple.
|
|-
|[[2006 Doda massacre]]
|30 April 2006
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
|35 Hindus
| Terrorist attack
|
|-
|[[2007 Samjhauta Express bombings]]
|18 February 2007
|Diwana station
|68 people mostly Pakistani nationals and some Indians including some Railway employees
|
|<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/direct-hand-of-aseemanand-in-samjhauta-blasts-nia/article1-644360.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215052748/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/direct-hand-of-aseemanand-in-samjhauta-blasts-nia/article1-644360.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2013|title=Direct hand of Aseemanand in Samjhauta blasts: NIA|work=hindustantimes.com/))</ref>
|-
|[[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
|26 November 2008
|[[Mumbai]]
|Over 164 killed, over 600 injured
|11 coordinated attacks by proven Pakistani terrorists; casualties include people of various nationalities, and Israeli victims were reportedly tortured before being killed.
|<ref name="Casualties">((Cite press release|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45446|publisher=Press Information Bureau ([[Government of India]]) |date= 11 December 2008|title=HM announces measures to enhance security|access-date=14 December 2008))</ref>
|-
|[[April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada]]
|6 April 2010
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|76
|Maoist militant ambushed CRPF
|
|-
|[[2010 Dantewada bus bombing]]
|17 May 2010
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|44
|Maoist militant attacked a civilian bus.
|
|-
|[[2012 Assam violence]]
|July 2012
|[[Assam]]
|77
|Racial sentiments of the majority Assamese and Bodo community towards the local Bengali speaking Bangladeshi Muslim community leads to several attempts to deport the minority Bengali Muslums to Bangladesh forcefully, thus with a protest in defence from the other party, Communal violence broke out between Assamese, Bodos (Tribal, Christian, and Hindu faith) and Bengali speaking Bangladeshi Muslims.
|
|-
|[[2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley]]
|25 May 2013
|Darbha Valley, Sukma district, [[Chhattisgarh]]
|28
|28 people from a Congress Party motorcade
|
|-
|[[2013 Muzaffarnagar riots]]
|25 August 2013 – 17 September 2013
|[[Muzaffarnagar district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|42 Muslims and 20 Hindus killed and 93 injured
|[[Eve teasing]] of Hindu Girls, murder of a Muslim boy, then public lynching of the murderers (two Hindu boys) triggered communal riot between the Hindu and the Muslim community.
|
|-
|[[2017 Amarnath Yatra attack]]
|10 July 2017
|[[Anantnag district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|8 Hindu pilgrims
|A bus carrying Hindu pilgrims of [[Amarnath Temple#Yatra (pilgrimage) details and routes|Amarnath Yatra]] was attacked by [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], resulting in deaths of 8 pilgrims.
|<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amarnath-terror-attack-pilgrim-dies-in-hospital-number-of-deaths-now-8-1725345|title=Amarnath Terror Attack: Pilgrim Dies In Hospital, Number Of Deaths Now 8|work=NDTV))</ref>
|-
|[[2017 Northern India riots]]
|25-26 August 2017 
|[[Punjab|Panjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Chandigarh district]], [[Northern India]]
|41+ killed and 300+ injured
|546 Arrested, Nearly 1000 Detained, Caused by Rape conviction of [[Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh]], Charged Honeypreet Insan, Rioting and arson
|
|-
|[[2020 Delhi riots]]
|23 February 2020 – 1 March 2020
|[[North East Delhi]]
|53 killed and 200+ injured, both Hindus and Muslims
|2,200 arrested (including detained). Caused by clashes between pro-CAA mobs and anti-CAA mobs.
|
|-
|[[2021 Nagaland killings]]
|4 December 2021
|Oting, [[Mon district]], [[Nagaland]]
|13 killed
|Ethnic clashes
|<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/05/nagaland-killings-india-security-forces-shot-civilians-mistaken-for-militants|title=Nagaland killings: rioting as Indian security forces shoot dozen civilianst|date=5 December 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=5 December 2021))</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Manipur violence]]
|3 May 2023
|[[Manipur]]
|181+ killed and 310+ injured
|Caused by ethnic tensions between Meitei and Kuki-Zomi 
|<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/the-news/manipur-violence-3-months-on-manipur-crisis-far-from-over-715428|title=3 Months On, Manipur Crisis Far From Over|publisher=[[ND Studios|ND TV]]|date=3 August 2023|access-date=3 July 2023))</ref>
|-
|[[2023 Haryana riots]]
|31 July 2023
|[[Nuh district]], [[Haryana]]
|6 killed - 5 Hindus (two police officers, three pilgrims), 1 Muslim and 200+ injured
|116 arrested. Organized Muslim mob attacked Hindu religious procession.
|<ref>((cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/india-violence-clashes-haryana-muslims-hindus-a4e5d0bd9427c85bdb311d64fdf98f08|title=India's northern Haryana state tense after 5 killed in communal clashes between Hindus and Muslims|website=[[Associated Press News]] |date=2 August 2023|access-date=3 August 2023))</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[Religious violence in India]]
**[[Violence against Muslims in India]]
**[[Madhe Sahaba Agitation]]
**[[Violence against Christians in India]]
**[[Persecution of Hindus]]
*[[Caste-related violence in India]]
*[[List of wars involving India]]
**[[List of battles of Rajasthan]]
*[[List of riots in India]]
**[[1925 Indian riots]]
**[[List of riots in Mumbai]]
*[[Terrorism in India]]
**[[List of terrorist incidents in India]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((massacres))
((Riots in India))

[[Category:Lists of massacres by country|India]]
[[Category:India history-related lists|Massacres]]
[[Category:Massacres in India|*]]
[[Category:Lists of disasters in India|massacres]]