The Head of Government (Spanish: Jefe de Gobierno) wields the executive power in Mexico City.
The Head of Government serves a six-year term, running concurrently with that of the President of the Republic.
Mexico City, or CDMX, is the seat of national executive, legislative, and judicial power, and is largely contiguous with the core of the sprawling Mexico City conurbation.
Background
According to Article 122 of the Constitution, "the Head of Government of the Federal District shall be responsible for executive power and public administration in the district and shall be represented by a single individual, elected by universal, free, direct, and secret suffrage."
The title is commonly rendered in English as "Mayor of Mexico City" but in reality the position does not correspond exactly to the mayor of a municipality. Even though the position is called Head of Government, it has the rank of governor of a state and has a seat at the National Governors Conference.
For the greater part of the 20th century, the D.F. was administered directly by the President of the Republic, who delegated his authority to an appointed Head of the Federal District Department, known more commonly (and tersely) as the Regente ("Regent" in English). This non-democratic imposition was a source of constant and often bitter resentment among the inhabitants of Mexico City. Under the reforms of the state introduced by presidents Carlos Salinas and Ernesto Zedillo, the Regent was replaced by the first directly elected Head of Government in 1997.
On July 6, 1997, with a 47.7% share of the vote in an eight-candidate race, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas won the first direct Head of Government election (this first term was to last only three years, to bring the office into line with the presidential succession). Cárdenas later resigned to compete in the 2000 presidential campaign and left in his place Rosario Robles, who served out the remainder of his term as the first person to govern Mexico City.
The Head of Government elected for the 2000–2006 term was Andrés Manuel López Obrador, elected with 39% of the popular vote in the same election that saw Vicente Fox of the PAN win the presidency. López Obrador was temporarily removed from office by the federal Congress on April 7, 2005 and was replaced, on an interim basis for a period of slightly over two weeks, by his secretary of government, Alejandro Encinas. See desafuero of AMLO.
All the Heads of the Federal District Department were members of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and all the Heads of Government of the Federal District are from center-left parties or party coalitions.
List of governors of the Federal District's territory from 1824 to 1997
Governors of the Federal District (before the formal declaration)
Governor of Valle de Mexico (Const. 1857, Constitutional Government)
Gen. Cesar Lopez de Lara: August 3, 1915 (By the decrees of 3/12/1914 based on the Plan of Guadalupe, federal capital city of Veracruz and January 5, 1917 decree establishing the capital in the city of Querétaro. The changes of residence were never ratified by Congress)
Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1917)
Col. Gonzalo G. de la Mata: April 3, 1917 (Interim)
Gen. Cesar Lopez de Lara: June 3, 1917 (2nd time)
Governors of the Federal District (Carrancistas)
Alfredo Breceda January 22, 1918
Arnulfo González August 28, 1918
Alfredo Breceda January 21, 1919 (2nd time)
Benito Flores February 26, 1919
Manuel Rueda Magro: May 31, 1919
Mayor of Mexico City: May 7, 1920 (Move Carranza in Veracruz on the Federal Government, I fail to install)
Governors of the Federal District (Obregon)
Manuel Gómez Noriega: May 8, 1920
Gen. Celestino Gasca July 7, 1920
Jorge Prieto Laurens: 1922
Ramon Ross: October 25, 1923
Abel S. Rodriguez: December 15, 1923 (Interim)
Ramon Ross: February 11, 1924 (2nd time)
Gen. Francisco R. Serrano June 21, 1926
Primo Villa Michel June 1927 until December 31, 1928.
Heads of the Federal District Department (Regents 1929-1940)
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