In recent years, the Iranian government states that it has self-sufficiency in essential military hardware and defense systems.
Tehran established an arms development program during the Iran–Iraq War to counter the weapons embargo imposed on it by the U.S. and its Western allies. Since 1993, Iran has manufactured its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, missiles, radars, boats, submarines, unmanned aerial vehicles, and fighter planes.
From 1925 to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran used to be equipped with the very latest Western hardware. Cases exist where Iran was supplied with equipment even before it was made standard in the countries that developed it (for example the US F-14 Tomcat, or the British Chieftain Tank). Primary suppliers included the United States, Britain, France, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), Italy, Israel, and the Soviet Union.
The Iran–Iraq War, and post revolutionary sanctions at the time had a dramatic effect on Iran's inventory of western equipment. Under the pressures of war, all supplies were quickly exhausted and replacements became increasingly difficult to come by. The war eventually forced Iran to turn to the Soviet Union, North Korea, Brazil, and China to meet its short-term military requirements. Nevertheless, the experience of using quality equipment was not lost on any of the branches of the Iranian armed forces. Disappointed by the older Warsaw Pact equipment, Iran sought to develop its own ability to mirror the technology of its likely enemies, and to provide a totally reliable source of equipment for the future.
After the Iranian revolution, developments in military technology were carried out with the technical support of Russia, China, and North Korea; building upon the foundations established by western contractors. Iranian reliance on these countries has rapidly decreased over the last decade in most sectors as Iran sought to gain total independence; A major exception however, is the aerospace sector, where Iran is still dependent on external help. Iran has, at present, reverse engineered existing foreign hardware, adapted it to their own requirements and then mass-produced the finished product. Examples of this abound, such as the Boragh and the IAMI Azarakhsh. In an attempt to make its military industries more sustainable Iran has also sought to export its military products, see Iranian Military Exports.
This illustration shows a prototype of Iran's mobile air defense system, Bavar 373, with cylindrical containers. However, the final product unveiled in 2016, is equipped with cube containers.
The following list consists of some weapons systems that Iran manufactures domestically:
A1 – A1 is capable of flying for at least two hours, and can carry a 5-kilogram payload.[24]
AB-3
Ababil[25] – Domestically manufactured surveillance plane. Ababil-5 is for attack missions and the Ababil-T is for short/medium-range attack missions.[24]
Fotros – UCAV with a range of 2000 km, flight ceiling of 25,000 ft and 16–30 hours flight endurance, armed with missiles.[36]
Gaza - a wide-body UAV with a flight endurance of 35 hours and an operational range of 2,000 kilometers. It is capable of carrying 13 bombs and 500 kilograms of payload.[37][38][39]
Kaman-12 (UAV)– combat UAV. The aircraft can fly at 200 kilometers per hour for 10 straight hours. It can use an airstrip as short as 400 meters and covers a 1,000-kilometer combat radius. The UAV weighs 450 kilograms and can carry a payload as heavy as 100 kilograms.[citation needed]
Kaman 22 (UAV)– The first wide-body combat UAV made by Iran. The aircraft can fly at a 3000 km distance for 24 hours.[41]
Karrar – capable of carrying a military payload of rockets to carry out bombing missions against ground targets. It is also capable of flying long distances at a very high speed.[42] It can also carry interceptor missiles.[43]
Khodkar – wide-body combat and surveillance; using J85 turbojet engine (converted Lockheed T-33)[44]
Shahin – a drone that can collect information on the positions and movements of enemy forces on reconnaissance missions[citation needed]
Shaparak (Butterfly) – has a maximum operational radius of 50 kilometers (31 miles), and a maximum flight ceiling of 15,000 feet (4,600 meters). This UAV is capable of three and half hours of non-stop flying, and can carry an 8-kilogram (17-pound) payload.[citation needed]
Yasir – Modified version of ScanEagle, it has a 19,500 ft service ceiling, an endurance of 24 hours, and an operational radius of about 750 km.[57][58][28]
Iran claims to have upgraded its US-made F-4, F-5, and F-14 fighter jets, and produced spare parts including tires, avionics, and engine components.[72][12]
Shahed (Observer) flight recorder – able to record flight, image, and sound parameters.[73]
Qaem-100 satellite carrier; the first 3-stage satellite carrier with solid fuel developed by the IRGC Aerospace Force, carries satellites weighing 80 kg into an orbit 500 km above the Earth.[78]
Asr (radar) – Asr radar is described by Iranian officials as a S band naval three-dimensional phased array radar with a range of 200 km and capable of simultaneously identifying and intercepting 100 targets at water level or above, this radar will be installed on Jamaran frigates.[99][100][101]
Cheshm Oghab (Eagle eye) Naval radarRASIT ground-surveillance radar – Iran captured a number of Iraqi radars during the 1980–1988 war, and now manufactures a reverse-engineered version carried aboard a truck[103]
Ghadir – The Ghadir radar system which covers areas (maximum) 1,100 km in distance and 300 km in altitude has been designed and built to identify aerial targets, radar-evading aircraft, cruise missiles and ballistic missiles as well as low-altitude satellites.[108][109][110]
Arash – long-range radar, entered service in December 2013.[107][111]
Khalij-e fars and Moraqeb – three dimensional phased array radar systems that can detect aerial threats up to a range of 800 and 400 kilometers respectively[113][114]
Fat’h 14 (Conquer 14) – with a range of 600 kilometers and can detect small airborne targets at a high altitude[citation needed]
Me’raj 4 – ground-based long-range 3D surveillance radar system[citation needed]
Nazir – long-range radar system with the capability of detecting radar-evading targets[citation needed]
Fateh-110 – Single-stage solid-propelled SRBM with a range of 300 km.
Fath-360 – An Iranian short-range tactical ballistic missile with range of 80 to 100 km.
Fateh-313 – Solid-propelled SRBM with a range of 500 km.
Raad-500 – Solid-propelled SRBM with a range of 500 km. Tactical lightweight variant of Fateh-110 family of tactical SRBM with a 200 km increased range[132]
Zolfaqar – Solid-propelled SRBM with a range of 750 km.[133]
Ashoura – Two-staged solid-propelled MRBM with a range of 2,000 km.[137]
Sejjil – Two-stage solid-propelled MRBM with a range of 2000 km.
Kheybarshekan (Kheibarshekan) – Precision-Striking Ballistic Missile, a range of 1,450 km. The mentioned ballistic missile is among third-generation long-range missiles indigenously developed/manufactured by military experts at the IRGC's Aerospace Division.[138]
Rezvan - Liquid fueled missile with a 1,400 km range.[139]
Unnamed anti-ship ballistic missile with a reported range of 1500 km and a speed of 8 Mach.[140]
Kheibar (Khorramshahr-4) - Liquid fueled missile with a range of 2,000 km and a warhead weighing 1,500 kg.[141]
Fattah-1 - Hypersonic missile with a range of 1,400 km and a reported speed of Mach 13.[142][143]
Fattah-2 - Hypersonic missile with a range of 1,500 km and a reported speed of Mach 13.
Sa'ir 100 mm Anti-Aircraft Guns – Upgraded automatic version of KS-19 100 m gun, it can detect and intercept targets automatically through radar or optical systems at low and medium altitude[citation needed]
Sayyad-2 (Hunter II). Upgraded version of the Sayyad-1 system with higher precision, range and defensive power. It is equipped with a 200-kilogram warhead and has a speed of 1,200 meters per second. The Sayyad-1 missile defense system is composed of two-stage missiles that can target all kinds of aircraft, including bombers, at medium and high altitudes.[citation needed]
Fath (victory) – the 40-millimeter naval cannon's range is 12 km and shoots 300 projectiles per minute.[173][174]
Mersad – Iran's first advanced air defense system based on the US MIM-23 Hawk. It is capable of hitting modern aircraft flying at low and medium altitudes. It is equipped with sophisticated radar signal processing technology, an advanced launcher, and electronic equipment for guidance and target acquisition. Mersad uses domestically manufactured Shahin missiles.[175]
Mesbah 1 air defense system – can target and destroy fighters, helicopters, cruise missiles and other objects flying at low altitude. Mesbah 1 is equipped with a three-dimensional interception radar and an optical guidance system. Mesbah 1 can fire four thousand rounds per minute.[176][177]
Mehrab (altar) – Medium-range smart missile. Mehrab is equipped with anti-radar and anti-jamming systems, and if the enemy tries to jam the guidance system of the missile, it immediately identifies the source of the interference and changes its course toward the source and destroys the jammer.[178]
Raad – Air defence system with a range of 50 kilometers and engagement altitude of 25 to 27 kilometers[179]
Bavar-373 – Iran-made air defense system carrying surface-to-air Sayyad-4 (missile)), which uses two or three types of missiles to confront aerial targets in different layers.[180][181]
Ya Zahra – Low-altitude mobile air defense system.[182]
Soheil – Quadruped- MANPADS missile launcher, which can detect and intercept aerial targets.[183][184]
Herz-9 – Passive low-altitude mobile air defense system with an operating range of 10 km and operating altitude of 5 km.[185][186][187]
Talaash - A mid-range, high-altitude mobile air defense missile system which uses an upgraded copy of SM-1 (RIM-66) missile called Sayyad-2, in November 2013 Iran launched the production line of Sayyad-2 missile. It can also use Sayyad-3 missiles.[188][189]
Majid air defense systemAsefeh – Asefeh is three-barrelled 23 mm Gatling gun that is reportedly capable of firing up to 900 rounds a minute, it is currently under development by IRGC ground force and will be used as a close in weapon system to defend against cruise missiles.[190]
3rd Khordad – missile system with a range of 75 kilometers and an altitude of 30 kilometers[191]
Tabas – missile system with a range of 60 kilometers and an altitude of 30 kilometers[citation needed]
Dezful air defense SystemDamavand - A long-range missile system
Zolfaqar - A low-altitude missile system
Majid[192][193] Expected to replace older Rapier, Ya Zahra, Herz-9, and FM-80[194]
9 of Dey - A missile system which is capable of engaging and destroying cruise missiles and drones.[195]
Tactical Sayyad - Towed system with 3 120-km range missiles and a phased-array radar[196][197]
Lt. General Qassem Soleimani - Ship point air defense missile/gun system[198]
Navvab[199] Based on Zubin short-range air defense system.
Akhgar (missile) – The 1.7-meter-long, television-guided missile has a range of 30 kilometers and can fly at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour.[citation needed]
Yasser – 750 lb air-to-ground missile. Was created by simply removing the nose section of the MIM-23 and replacing it with a modified M117 gravity bomb with its tail fins removed.[206]
Bina – Laser-guided air-to-ground and ground-to-ground missile. It appears to be an AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile with a semi-active laser (SAL) seeker fitted to its nose.[207]
Shafaq[208] Carries a 50-kg warhead at a maximum speed of Mach 2.2 and can destroy targets within a range of 20 kilometers. It is equipped with fire-and-forget guidance technology and an infrared search and track system enabling it to operate in extreme weather conditions day and night.[209]
Qaem 1/5/9 – Electro-optically or thermally-guided weapon.[212]
Qaem 114 – Electro-optically guided anti-armor 1,000mm penetrating dual-charge warhead missile similar to the US-made AGM-114 Hellfire[213]
Fadak – 2-4-km range guided or unguided 80mm and 11–16 kg weight air-to-ground rocket with a high-explosive anti-armor warhead and a speed of 700 meters per second[214]
Sabalan – An Iranian upgraded version of the US M47M, It has side skirts and a newly built turret fitted with a 105-mm gun, laser range finder, new fire control system and communication equipment.[237][238][239]
T-72S – Soviet T-72 produced under license in Iran.[235] Currently under upgrade.[240]
Heidar-7 – Based on BTR-60PB with TV remote control station for ZU-23-2 and fitted with ERA all-around hull to protect it from ATGMs
Makran IFV – Upgrade of the BTR-50PK with a new unmanned turret equipped with a 30mmShipunov 2A42 and 7.62mm machine gun, newly welded frontal and side armor, a new engine, and new electronics.[247]
Other vehicles
Aras 2 Multipurpose tactical vehicleSepehr – Iranian tactical vehicle[248][249]
Fallagh – ultra-light tracked combat vehicle with remote weapon station[256]
Nazir – Unmanned Ground Vehicle armed with missile[257]
Rueen-Tan light-weight tactical VehicleNetwork-based intelligent robot (Heydar 1) – It has 6x6 active wheels, load-carrying and high-explosive capabilities, 360° degree rotation and barrier detection. It has a rifle (AK platform) and is capable of targeting and firing automatically at targets and there is also a suicide version for striking the tanks with below hit.[258]
Roo'in tan – It is a lightweight tactical bulletproof car that is resistant to steel core bullets up to .50cal[259]
Heidar 41 – Wheeled 122-mm self-propelled howitzer. It features remote activation, an automatic loading system for projectiles and propellant charges mounted at the rear of the D-30 122mm Howitzer.[267]
Raad 1 – SP gun Chinese Type WZ 501/503 armored infantry fighting vehicle with Russian 122 mm gun mounted on top.
Moudge class – upgraded and modified British Alvand (Saam) class (aka Vosper Mk 5 type) frigates.
Deylaman FrigateJamaran – multi-mission frigate with a displacement of around 1,400 tonnes, can carry 120–140 personnel on board and is armed with a variety of anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles.[303]
^YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان. "خودروی تانکبر "پوریا" در 29 فروردین 95 رونمایی میشود". خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | YJC (in Persian). Retrieved 2 June 2017.((cite web)): CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"In the late 1980s, the North Korean-produced 240 mm M-1985 multiple rocket launcher (MRL) was exported to Iran and subsequently produced under license (with minor changes) by Shahid Bagheri Industries as the Fajr-3 (a.k.a., Fadjr-3)." Vital Perspective (2006), "Military Briefing on Hezbollah's Missile Capabilities: Examining the Fajr, Zelzal". URL accessed 2006-08-02.
^"Fajr-3 has the same caliber, range and warhead weight as three known North Korean systems." GlobalSecurity.org (2006), "Iranian Artillery Rockets". URL accessed 2006-08-02.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). diomil.ir. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2022.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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