00-9 'pizza' layout, Starbottom Lane by Richard Glover

Railway modelling has long used a variety of scales and gauges to represent its models of real subjects. In most cases, gauge and scale are chosen together, so as to represent Stephenson standard gauge. By choosing a smaller gauge than this for a particular scale, the model represents a narrow-gauge example.[1][2]

Such gauge and scale combinations are of course used for the deliberate modelling of particular narrow-gauge subjects, where the choice of subject is behind the choice of combination. Narrow-gauge modelling has also become especially popular from the purely modelling aspects: it combines a conveniently visible large scale that is easier to work on, with a narrow model gauge that allows tighter radius curves and so fits layouts into smaller spaces. This has been a particular reason in Europe where, houses being generally smaller than in the US, there is rarely space for 0 gauge and even 00 gauge is restricted in the size of curves.

At times, particularly in the early days before the inertia of popular scales developed, modellers would choose seemingly random scales in order to model a particular prototype and its original gauge whilst using a readily available gauge.[3] As the range of commercial products increases, both for gauges and scales, it is easier to find a combination that is already supported and so there is less need to scratch-build everything.[1]

Naming

Naming of these gauge and scale combinations follows a few broad rules, but not always consistently. Some, such as G gauge and SM32 were defined from the outset as narrow-gauge scales and so have a single component to their name.

British

Many names, particularly those of British origin, such as O14 and 00-9 combine the name of the scale used with the physical measurement of the gauge, i.e. the 7mm to the foot scale from standard O gauge with a rail gauge of 14mm, giving a precise representation of 2 ft (610 mm) prototypes. As it is the scale that controls interoperability between models and also the manufacture of non-railway scenery etc., it is the scale rather than the gauge that takes the primary position in names.

European

MOROP, the European model railway standards organisation, issues standards documents called NEMs . NEM010 defines the main model railway gauges, including narrow gauges.[2] Unusually, unlike the British model railway trade, this recognised narrow-gauge modelling from the outset. This may be because of Europe's greater prototypical use of the larger narrow gauges for smaller branch lines.

NEM010 defines and names narrow gauges for all the supported scales although it takes a broad approach and groups the prototypes into 'nominal size' ranges or 'Nenngröße'. It defines these prototype gauge ranges as:[2]

Gauge Description NEM code letter
1,250–1,700 millimetres 49–67 in standard gauge
850–1,250 millimetres 33–49 in metre gauge m
650–850 millimetres 26–33 in narrow gauge e
400–650 millimetres 16–26 in industrial i
Feldbahn f
300–400 millimetres 12–16 in park p

Names are of the form 'H0e gauge', comparable to 00-9, as 'Narrow gauge in H0 scale'. Thus the scale and approximate prototype gauge are represented, with the model gauge used (9mm for H0e gauge; 6.5mm for H0f gauge) being implied.[2]

The scales used include the general European modelling range of Z, N, TT, H0, 0 and also the large model engineering gauges of I to X, including 31⁄2", 5", 71⁄4" and 101⁄4" gauge. As 00 is a particularly British scale, it is not included within this pan European standard. However the predominantly US imperial-based S scale (1:64) does feature.

United States

US gauges are named as On30 or Sn3, composed of the scale, 'n' for narrow gauge and the dimensions of the prototype gauge being modelled. These are universally in imperial units rather than metric, but there is no consistency between using inches or feet. Both On42 and On2 are used, but when referring to the prototype gauge, e.g. On30 / On21⁄2, the gauge is usually given in inches.

Gauge and scale combinations

Gauge
1 gauge O gauge Proto:48 P4 Gauge EM gauge H0
/ 00 gauge 		JM gauge aka #13 TT gauge H0n3 N gauge Z gauge ZZ gauge T gauge
Scale 45 mm 33mm 32 mm 1.177" (circa 29.9mm) 24.5mm 0.875 inches (22.2 mm) 21 mm 0.75 inches (19 mm) 18.83 mm 18.2 mm 16.5 mm 14.3 mm 14 mm 13mm 12.7 mm 12 mm 10.5 mm 9 mm 6.5 mm 4.5 mm[4][2] 3 mm
SE scale 7/8" 1:13.7 SE[ng 1]
2 ft
(610 mm)[5][6] 		SE[ng 1]
18 in
(457 mm)
16 mm scale 1:19 SM45[ng 2]
2 ft 9 in
(838 mm) 		SM32[ng 2]
2 ft
(610 mm)[7]
F scale 1:20.3 Fn3
3 ft
(914 mm)[8] 		Fn2
2 ft
(610 mm)
G scale 1:22.5 IIm G[ng 3]
1,000 mm
(3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) 		Gn15[ng 4]
15 in
(381 mm) 		Gnine
8 in
(203 mm)[10][11] 		Miniature ride-on
H scale 1/2" 1:24 H
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm)
3/8" 1:32 3/8n20
20 in
(508 mm)[12]
P34 9mm 1:34 P34[ng 5]
3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
O scale
[i] 		7mm 1:43.5 On42[ng 6]
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm) 		O21[ng 7]
3 ft
(914 mm) 		O16.5[ng 8]
2 ft 4 in
(711 mm) 		O14[ng 9]
2 ft
(610 mm)[19] 		O9
/ On15[ng 10]
15 in
(381 mm)
1:45 0e[ng 11]
750 mm
(2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) 		0p[ng 10]
400 mm
(15+3⁄4 in)
1⁄4" 1:48 On42[ng 6]
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm) 		On3[ng 12]
3 ft
(914 mm) 		On30 / On21⁄2[ng 13]
2 ft 6 in
(762 mm) 		On2[ng 14]
2 ft
(610 mm) 		On20[ng 15]
20 in
(508 mm)[21] 		On18
18 in
(457 mm)
Of
450 mm
(17+23⁄32 in)
1:50 Pempoul [ng 16]
1,000 mm
6mm Towy Valley Tramway [ng 17]
2 ft
(610 mm)
5.5 mm 5.5mm 1:55 5.5 mm[ng 18]
3 ft
(914 mm)[26] 		5.5 mm[ng 18]
2 ft
(610 mm)[25]
S scale 3/16" 1:64 Sm[ng 19]
European metre gauge

Sn31⁄2[ng 20]
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm)[27][28]

Sn3[ng 21]
3 ft
(914 mm) 		Sn2
2 ft
(610 mm)[30] 		Sn2[ng 22]
2 ft
(610 mm)[27]
00 scale 4mm 1:76.2 Irish broad gauge[31] 00n3[ng 23]
3 ft
(914 mm) 		00-9[ng 24]
2 ft 3 in
(686 mm) 		500 mm
(19+3⁄4 in)
495 mm
(19+1⁄2 in)
H0 scale Japanese HO aka #16 aka J 1:80 JM 3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm)[32] 		H0e[ng 25]

HOn30 / HOn21⁄2[ng 26]
750 mm
(2 ft 5+1⁄2 in)

3.5mm 1:87 H0m[ng 27]
1,000 mm
HOn31⁄2[ng 28]
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm) 		HOn3[ng 29]
3 ft
(914 mm) 		H0f/H0i[ng 30]
600 mm
(1 ft 11+5⁄8 in)

HOn2[ng 31]
2 ft
(610 mm)

H0p[2]
TT scale 3 mm 1:100 TTn3[ng 32]
3 ft
(914 mm)
NZ120[28]
1:120 TTf/TTi gauge[2]
N scale UK N scale 1:148
Japanese N scale 1:150 Nj gauge[citation needed]
2mm 1:152
1:160 Nm Nn3[ng 33] Ne gauge[2]
Z scale 1:220 Zm gauge[2]
T scale 1:450
[ii] 		T gauge
3 ft 6 in
(1,067 mm)
Standard gauge is shaded

Gauges

  1. ^ a b SE or 7/8" – used to model 2 ft. Less commonly used with 32 mm track to represent 18 in (457 mm) minimum gauge.
  2. ^ a b SM32 – 2 ft (610 mm).
  3. ^ G scale – Originally developed as 'groß' in Germany by LGB to represent 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in). Now widely thought of as 'Garden' gauge.
  4. ^ Gn15 – using G scale and commonly available 00 running gear to model the 15 in (381 mm) minimum gauge railways of Sir Arthur Heywood and his successors.[9]
  5. ^ P34 – 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)[13]
  6. ^ a b On42 – 7mm S7 scale used for Richard Chown's[14] Fangfoss,[15][16] Norwegian 3 ft 6 in
    (1,067 mm).
    1:48 1⁄4" scale used for Queensland sugar cane railways[17] and US subjects[18] of 3 ft 6 in
    (1,067 mm)
  7. ^ O21 – [1] 3 ft (914 mm)
  8. ^ O16.5 – UK 7 mm scale with 00 16.5 mm gauge, used to model gauges between 2 ft (610 mm) and 2 ft 6 in (762 mm).
  9. ^ O14 – Finescale modelling of British 2ft gauge using 7 mm O scale and a unique 14 mm gauge.
  10. ^ a b O9 / On15 – UK 7mm scale on a 9 mm gauge to model 15 in (381 mm) minimum gauge and 18 in (457 mm) industrial railways.[20]
  11. ^ 0e
  12. ^ On3 – Using US O scale (1:48 ratio) with 0.75 in gauge track to represent 3 ft (914 mm). Probably the second most popular US scale for 3 ft (914 mm).
  13. ^ On30 – 1:48 scale with 16.5 mm track to represent 2 ft 6 in (762 mm), in practice anything between 2 ft (610 mm) and 3 ft (914 mm). On21⁄2 is another name for the same standard. Commercial support, particularly from Bachmann, is available.
  14. ^ On2 – Precise modelling of USA 2ft gauge using 1:48 O scale and a unique 12.7 mm gauge. This may be considered a Finescale version of On30. There is little to no commercial support for the mechanical aspects of this unique gauge but it is sometimes possible to re-use or re-gauge commercial models for On30.
  15. ^ On20 – Extremely rare gauge primarily for modeling 20" mining railroads in the USA
  16. ^ Pempoul – Finescale modelling of French metre gauge at 1:50 scale on 18.2 mm Finescale EM gauge. So far only used by Gordon & Maggie Gravett.[22][23]
  17. ^ Towy Valley Tramway – Finescale modelling of 2ftt gauge on 12mm.[24]
  18. ^ a b 5.5 mm – Used to represent both 3 ft (914 mm) (on 16.5mm) & 2 ft (610 mm) (on 12mm) gauges. British outline two foot gauge[25] is one of the oldest narrow gauge modelling scales, when the GEM company in 1963 launched white metal kits to represent Welsh slate railways, using readily available TT gauge parts. Three foot gauge in this scale is mostly US[26] and has little in common with the two foot.
  19. ^ Sm – 1:64 metre gauge; Continental European.
  20. ^ Sn31⁄2 – Using S scale (1:64 ratio) with 16.5 mm H0/00 gauge track to represent 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). Popular in Australasia.
  21. ^ Sn3 – Using S scale (1:64 ratio) with 14.3 mm (0.563 in) gauge track to represent 3 ft (914 mm). Limited commercial support.[29]
  22. ^ Sn2 – Used rarely in Australia for modelling 2 ft (610 mm)[27]
  23. ^ 00n3 – 1:76 12 mm British, Irish and Manx 3 ft (914 mm).
  24. ^ 00-9 – 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) 1:76 9 mm 2 ft 3 in (686 mm) British and British Empire subjects from 2 ft to 2 ft 6 in.
  25. ^ H0e – 1:87 9 mm 650 to <850 mm; Continental European.
  26. ^ HOn30 HOn21⁄2 – 1:87 9 mm 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) American.
  27. ^ H0m – 1:87 12 mm 850 to <1250 mm; Continental European.
  28. ^ HOn31⁄2 – 1:87 12 mm 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm).
  29. ^ HOn3 – Using HO scale (1:87 ratio) with 10.5 mm gauge track. Historically the most popular of the scale/gauge combinations for modelling 3 ft gauge in the USA.
  30. ^ H0f (H0i) – 1:87 6.5 mm (Z gauge) 400 to 650 mm; Continental European.
  31. ^ HOn2 – 1:87 7 millimetres (0.276 in) 2 ft (610 mm) American
  32. ^ TTn3 – 3 mm scale on 9 mm gauge to model 3ft prototypes. Some use in Australasia at TTn31⁄2 for their 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) lines, and known as NZ120 in New Zealand[27]
  33. ^ Nn3 or N-6.5 – Using N scale (1:160 ratio ) with Z gauge 6.5 mm track to represent 3ft gauge.[33][34][35]

See also

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Model railway scales.
  1. ^ UK O gauge uses a scale of 7mm/foot, Europe uses 1:45 and the US 1:48
  2. ^ T gauge is a constant 3 mm gauge, although it defines two scale standards: 1:480 for modelling Stephenson gauge and 1:450 for Japanese 3 ft 6 in
    (1,067 mm).

References

  1. ^ a b c "Modelling the Narrow Gauge". The 7mm Narrow Gauge Association.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen Maßstäbe, Nenngrößen, Spurweiten" (PDF) (in German). NEM. 2011. Retrieved 2014-05-15.
  3. ^ Cyril R. Burch (March 1963). "Building Glyn Valley Tramway coaches". Narrow Gauge Journal. Ynys Gwyntog. 1. (6).
  4. ^ Gauge is defined by NEM 010, but not as a standard gauge for any scale.
  5. ^ Ferdinand Mels. "7/8ths SE Scale". 78ths.com.
  6. ^ "The SE Lounge 7/8"=1'-0"". 7-8ths.info.
  7. ^ "The Association of 16mm Narrow Gauge Modellers". Association of 16mm Narrow Gauge Modellers.
  8. ^ "Welcome to Accucraft". Accucraft UK.
  9. ^ "A little Gn15 history lesson". gnine.info.
  10. ^ "What is Gnine? An introduction". gnine.info.
  11. ^ "Gnine". pepper7.com.
  12. ^ Marsh, Kim (July 2002). "No Hope Coast". Narrow Gauge & Short Line Gazette. July 2002: 71.
  13. ^ "Track and Wheel Standards for 1:34 NZR" (PDF). New Zealand Model Railway Guild.
  14. ^ "Richard Chown; 1941 – 2017". Highland Miscellany. 11 July 2017.
  15. ^ "Fangfoss". Continental Modeller: 175–180. June 2016.
  16. ^ Richard Chown. "The beginnings of Fangfoss so far".
  17. ^ "Modelling Queensland Rail in On42". Queensland's Rail Heritage.
  18. ^ "Red Rocket". Continental Modeller: 433–435. June 2006.
  19. ^ "About O14". O14 Group.
  20. ^ "Railway modelling in 7mm scale on 9mm gauge track". O9 Modeller.
  21. ^ Green, Woodie (July 2000). "My On20 Mogollon Railway: Narrow minded". Narrow Gauge & Short Line Gazette. July 2000: 62.
  22. ^ "Pempoul - Réseau Breton". 24th Exhibition. Uckfield Model Railway Club. 2008.
  23. ^ "Pempoul by Gordon & Maggie Gravett at Railex". RMweb. 2009.
  24. ^ Dennis Harrison (July 2014). "Towy Valley Tramway". Narrow Gauge & Industrial Railway Modelling Review. Vol. 13, no. 99. pp. 94–103.
  25. ^ a b "5.5 mm Association".
  26. ^ a b "Modelling 3 foot narrow gauge on H0 track".
  27. ^ a b c d "Modelling the Railways of Tasmania". Rail Tasmania.
  28. ^ a b "Modelling the railways of New Zealand". New Zealand Model Railway Guild.
  29. ^ "Sn3 and HOn3". Slim Gauge Guild.
  30. ^ "Standards". Sn2 Trains. November 2012.
  31. ^ "Protofour", Wikipedia, 2023-04-27, retrieved 2023-08-02
  32. ^ "Scale/Gauge Table | 鉄道模型店 Models IMON". www.imon.co.jp. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  33. ^ Mark Fielder. "Why model in British Nn3?".
  34. ^ "Bridge over the Blyth". Norfolk and Suffolk Narrow Gauge Modellers.
  35. ^ "Killashandra - Irish Nn3". RMweb. 29 August 2014.
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