The symbol designed for the British nuclear disarmament movement in 1958 is now widely known as the "peace sign".

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel prizes established according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will. It is awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congress".[1]

Since 1901, there have been a number of peace organizations nominated for the prize. The first organization to win was the Institute of International Law, founded by Gustave Moynier and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns, in 1904.[2] The institute works in making the rules of international law, abolishing causes and motives of war and violence, and developing guidelines for peaceful relations between sovereign states.[3]

From 1901 to 1971, there have been at least 135 organizations, unions, and movements nominated for prize, 11 of which were awarded (1904, 1910, 1917, 1938, 1947, 1954, 1963, 1965, 1969, 1977, and 1995). The International Committee of the Red Cross is the most honoured organization for the prize and one of the most widely recognized organizations in the world, having won three Nobel Peace Prizes (in 1917, 1944, and 1963).[4] The third time it won, the prize was shared with the League of Red Cross Societies.

There have been 19 years in which the Peace Prize was not awarded.

Organizations by their first nomination

1901–1909

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1901
The Institute of International Law[a] 1873
Ghent, Belgium 		1901, 1902, 1903, 1904,

1912, 1923, 1930, 1938, 1965, 1968 		Won the 1904 Nobel Peace Prize "for its efforts as an unofficial body to formulate the general principles of the science of international law."[5][6][7]
Permanent International Peace Bureau[b] 1891
Geneva, Switzerland 		1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911[8]



1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1946, 1947, 1948

Won the 1910 Nobel Peace Prize "for acting as link between the peace societies of various countries."[9][10]
International Committee of the Red Cross[c] 1863
Geneva, Switzerland 		1901, 1917,

1940,[11] 1944,[12] 1945,

1949, 1963 		Won the 1917 Nobel Peace Prize "for undertaking the tremendous task of trying to protect the rights of the many prisoners of war on all sides of World War I, including their right to establish contacts with their families."[13][14]
Won the 1944 Nobel Peace Prize "for the great work it has performed during the war in behalf of humanity."[15]
Won the 1963 Nobel Peace Prize with the League of Red Cross Societies "for their work in the protection of human rights in the ICRC’S 100 years of existence."[16]
Societá Interregionale per la Pace, Unione Lombarda[d] Milan, Italy 1901 Nominated the only time by Ed.Porro.[17]
The English Peace Society[e] 1816
London, United Kingdom 		1901, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1915, 1923, 1924 [18][19][20]
Inter-Parliamentary Union[f] 1889
Geneva, Switzerland 		1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1909,[21] 1910, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1938, 1939, 1940,[22] 1947, 1950, 1951 [23]
1902
The Union of French Women[g] 1909
Paris, France 		1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 [24]
1904
Universal Peace Union[h] 1888
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 		1904,[25] 1906, 1908, 1910 Nominated by B.A.Lockwood only.[26]
1905
International Arbitration League[i] 1870
London, United Kingdom 		1905, 1906, 1907, 1908 [27][28]
The Society of Comparative Legislation[j] 1869
Paris, France 		1905, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920 [29]
American Peace Society[k] 1828
New York City, New York, United States 		1905, 1908, 1934 [30][31]
1906
Paris Institute of Political Studies[l] 1872
Paris, France 		1906 Nominated the only time by Ern.Lavisse.[32]
1908
German Peace Society[m] 1892
Berlin, Germany 		1908, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914 [33]
1909
The League in Paris for the Defense of the Abused Natives of the Congo State Paris, France 1909 Nominated the only time by Hilty.[34]

1910–1918

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1910
Committee of Union and Progress[n] 1889
Istanbul, Turkey 		1910 Nominated the only time by Ahm.Rıza.[35]
1911
South American Universal Peace Association Buenos Aires, Argentina 1911 Nominated the only time by Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa.[36]
International Arbitration and Peace Association[o] 1880
London, United Kingdom 		1911, 1912 Nominated by F.St.Moscheles only.[37]
World's Christian Endeavor Union 1881
Portland, Maine, United States 		1911, 1912, 1913 [38][39]
1912
Peace Committee of the Society of Friends United States 1912 [40]
Society of Friends (Quakers)[p] Mid-17th Century
United Kingdom 		1923, 1924, 1926, 1947 Won the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize (represented by the Friends Service Council[41] and American Friends Service Committee[42]) "for their work in assisting and rescuing victims of the Nazis."[43]
American Friends Service Committee[q] 1917
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 		1937, 1938
Friends Service Council[q] 1927
London, United Kingdom
Royal Saxon Institute of Cultural and Universal History at the University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany 1912 [44]
International Socialist Bureau[r] 1900
Paris, France 		1912, 1913, 1914 [45]
1913
International Federation of 'Amies de la Jeune Fille' 1877
Neuchâtel, Switzerland 		1913 [46]
The Norwegian Peace Association[s] 1885
Oslo, Norway 		1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918 [47]
Swedish Peace and Arbitration League[s] 1883
Stockholm, Sweden 		[48] 1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918
The Swedish Peace and Arbitration League and The Swedish Peace Association[s] 1916, 1917 [49]
The Danish Peace Association[s] 1882
Copenhagen, Denmark 		1913, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920 [50]
League of Peace and Freedom[t] 1867
Geneva, Switzerland 		1913, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 [51]
1914
The Stead Memorial Fund[u] London, United Kingdom 1914, 1915 [52]
1915
The Belgian Relief Committee[v] 1914
Brussels, Belgium 		1915 [53]
General Savings and Retirement Fund 1865
Brussels, Belgium 		1915 [54]
The Nordic Inter-Parliamentary Union[w] 1907
Copenhagen, Denmark 		1915 [55]
Catholic University of Louvain 1834
Brussels, Belgium 		1915 [56]
Comité Ador[x] 1914
Geneva, Switzerland 		1915 [57]
International Prisoners of War Agency[y] 1918 [58]
The Hague Academy of International Law[z] 1914
The Hague, Netherlands 		1915, 1916, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1973 [59]
1916
International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace 1915
Geneva, Switzerland 		1916 [60]
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom[aa] 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 [61][62]
Belgian Arbitration Society Brussels, Belgium 1916 [63]
Swiss Peace Society Switzerland 1916 [64]
Central Organization for Durable Peace[ab] 1915
The Hague, Netherlands 		1916, 1918 [65]
International Museum of War and Peace[ac] 1902
Lucerne, Switzerland 		1916, 1918 [66]
National Peace Council[ad] 1908
London, United Kingdom 		1916, 1921, 1922 [67]
1917
German Economic Association[ae] 1873
Berlin, Germany 		1917 [68]
Dutch Anti-War Council[af] 1914
The Hague, Netherlands 		1917, 1918, 1919 [69]
1918
Universal Alliance of Young Men's Christian Unions[ag] 1895
Geneva, Switzerland 		1918, 1919, 1920 [70]
The Nordic Peace Association[ah] 1918, 1922 [71]

1920–1929

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1920
Union of Democratic Control[ai] 1914
London, United Kingdom 		1920, 1922 [72]
1921
The American Red Cross[aj] 1881
Washington, D.C., United States 		1921 [73]
1922
The Government of Estonia 1918
Tallinn, Estonia 		1922 [74]
International Council of Women 1888
Washington, D. C., United States 		1922, 1923, 1935 [75][76]
1923
International Philarmenian League[ak] 1920
Geneva, Switzerland 		1923 [77]
The Hellenic Red Cross[al] 1877
Athens, Greece 		1923, 1924, 1930 [78]
International Law Association[am] 1873
Brussels, Belgium 		1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1968 [79]
1924
Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute 1838
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 		1924 [80]
International Co-operative Alliance[an] 1895
Brussels, Belgium 		1924 [81]
International Federation of Trade Unions 1919
Amsterdam, Netherlands 		1924, 1925, 1927 [82]
1925
The League of Nations[ao] 1920
Geneva, Switzerland 		1925 [83]
German League for Human Rights[ap] 1922
Berlin, Germany 		1925, 1931 [84]
French League for Human Rights[ap] 1898
Paris, France 		1925, 1931 [85]
Ligue francaise des drois de l'homme[ap] 1926 [86]
1926
International Federation of League of Nations Societies 1919
Geneva, Switzerland 		1926 [87]
International Union of Associations for the League of Nations[aq] 1919
Brussels, Belgium 		1929, 1930, 1931, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1946, 1948 [88]
1927
The Permanent Court of Arbitration[ar] 1899
The Hague, Netherlands 		1927 [89]
1929
Independent Order of Good-Templars (I.O.G.T.)[as] 1851
1929 [90]
International Organisation of Good Templars[at] 1930, 1951 [91]

1930–1939

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1930
Save the Children Fund[au] 1919
London, United Kingdom 		1930 [92][93][94][95]
Union Internationale de Protection de l'Enfance[av] 1920
Geneva, Switzerland 		1950, 1951
International Union for Child Welfare[aw] 1953
Geneva, Switzerland 		1954, 1968, 1971, 1973
1931
Permanent Court of International Justice[ax] 1920
The Hague, Netherlands 		1931 [96]
Conférence Balkanique 1931 [97]
The Government of Finland 1917
Helsinki, Finland 		1931 [98]
International Institute of Agriculture[ay] 1905
Rome, Italy 		1931 [99]
1932
Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law 1924
Berlin, Germany 		1932 [100]
The Norden Associations[az] 1919
Stockholm, Sweden 		1932, 1933 [101]
1933
International Association for Social Progress 1925
Bern, Switzerland 		1933 [102]
The Spanish Parliament 1834
Madrid, Spain 		1933 [103]
War Resisters' International[ba] 1921
Bilthoven, Netherlands 		1933 [104]
1934
Disarmament Committee of the Women's International Organizations[bb] 1931
Geneva, Switzerland 		1934 [105]
International People's College 1921
Helsingør, Denmark 		1934 [106]
International Committee of Historical Sciences[bc] 1926
Geneva, Switzerland 		1934, 1935, 1936 [107]
1936
Nansen International Office for Refugees[bd] 1930
Geneva, Switzerland 		1936, 1937, 1938, 1940[108] Won the 1938 Nobel Peace Prize "for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe."[109][110]
The High Commission for Refugees London, United Kingdom 1936 [111]
International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation 1922
Paris, France 		1936 [112]
1937
League of Red Cross Societies[be] 1919
Paris, France 		1937, 1939, 1953 Won the 1963 Nobel Peace Prize with the International Committee of the Red Cross "for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN."[113][114]
The Red Cross Association[bf] 1963
Relief Committee for Exiled Pacifists[bg] 1936
Geneva, Switzerland 		1937, 1938, 1939, 1940[115] [116]
1938
Les Lieux de Genève Geneva, Switzerland 1938, 1939 [117]

1940–1949

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1940
The Finnish Nation 1940 Nominated the only time by Georges-Djura Popovitch (Yugoslavia, 21.2.1892 - ?)[118]
Finnish Red Cross[bh] May 7, 1877
Helsinki, Finland 		1940 [119]
Junior Red Cross[bh] 1922
1940 Nominated the only time by H.M.Huber and International Committee of the Red Cross[120]
CIAMAC (Conférence Internationale des Associations des Mutilés de guerre et Anciens Combattants) 1925
1940 Nominated the only time by R.S.Cassin[121]
Swedish Red Cross[bh] 1865
Stockholm, Sweden 		1940,[122] 1944,[12] 1945 [123]
Norwegian Red Cross[bh] September 22, 1865
Oslo, Norway 		1940,[124] 1945 [125]
1946
Belgian Union for the League of Nations 1919
Brussels, Belgium 		1946 [126]
1947
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace[bi] 1910
Washington, D.C., United States 		1947 [127]
1949
International Labour Organization[bj] 1919
Geneva, Switzerland 		1949, 1969 Won the 1969 Nobel Peace Prize "for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country."[128][129][130][131]
Count Bernadotte Memorial Fund Kruså, Denmark 1949 [132]
Cooperative For American Relief Everywhere (CARE)[bk] 1945
New York City, New York, United States 		1949, 1951 [133]
Grotius Society 1915
London, United Kingdom 		1949, 1950, 1951,[134] 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955 [135]
Service Civil International[bl] 1920
Bilthoven, Netherlands 		1949, 1950, 1957, 1958 [136][137]

1950–1959

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1950
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)[bm] 1946
New York City, New York, United States 		1950, 1951,[138] 1963, 1964, 1965 Won the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize "for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states."[139][140][141]
The World Movement for World Federal Government 1937
New York City, New York, United States 		1950 [142]
1951
European Movement International 1948
Brussels, Belgium 		1951 [143]
1952
American Society of International Law[bn] 1906
Washington, D.C., United States 		1952 [144]
Edinburgh Festival Society[bo] 1947
Edinburgh, United Kingdom 		1952, 1953 [145]
1953
International Olympic Committee[bp] 1894
Lausanne, Switzerland 		1953, 1955 [146][147]
Moral Re-Armament[bq] 1938
Oxford, United Kingdom 		1953, 1954, 1956, 1959, 1962 [148][149]
1954
International Council of Nurses[br] 1899
Geneva, Switzerland 		1954 [150]
Universal Esperanto Association[bs] 1908
Rotterdam, Netherlands 		1954, 1955, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [151][152]
1955
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1950
Geneva, Switzerland 		1955 Won the 1955 Nobel Peace Prize "for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world" and the 1981 Nobel Peace Prize "for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees."[153][154]
1956
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)[bt] 1944
Montreal, Canada 		1956 [155]
International Air Transport Association April 19, 1945
Havana, Cuba 		1956 Nominated jointly with ICAO the only time by Oliver J. Lissitzyn (1912-1994)[156]
International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations April 19, 1948
London, England
Rotary International[bu] 1905
Chicago, Illinois, United States 		1956 [157]
1957
World Organization of the Scout Movement[bv] 1922
Paris, France 		1957 [158]
1958
International Chamber of Commerce[bw] 1919
Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States 		1958 [159]
Individual Human Aid[bx] 1938
Stockholm, Sweden 		1958 [160]
Institute of World Affairs[by] 1924
Geneva, Switzerland 		1958 [161]
1959
International Council for Scientific Unions[bz] 1931
Paris, France 		1959 [162]
Austrian Philanthropic Society[ca] Vienna, Austria 1959 [163]

1960–1969

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1961
World Veterans Federation[cb] 1950
Paris, France 		1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [164]
1962
Youth Aliyah Organization[cc] 1933
Berlin, Germany 		1962 [165]
International Commission of Jurists[cd] 1952
Geneva, Switzerland 		1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 [166][167]
The Rockefeller Foundation[ce] 1913
New York City, New York, United States 		1962, 1964, 1968 [168]
1963
Pugwash Continuing Committee[cf] 1957
London, United Kingdom 		1963, 1964 Won the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize with Joseph Rotblat "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."[169][170][171]
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs[cg] 1968, 1969, 1971
Frontier Villages Program of the Arab Development Society[ch] 1959
San Jose, California, United States 		1963 [172]
United Towns Organization[ci] 1957
Aix-les-Bains, France 		1963, 1966, 1969 [173][174][175]
1964
Norwegian Missionary Society[cj] 1842
Stavanger, Norway 		1964 [176]
Oxford Committee for Famine Relief[ck] 1942
London, United Kingdom 		1964 [177]
1965
The Salvation Army[cl] 1865
London, United Kingdom 		1965, 1969 [178][179]
1966
International Planned Parenthood Federation[cm] 1952
Bombay, India 		1966, 1967 [180]
International Union for Land Value Taxation and Free Trade[cn] 1926
London, United Kingdom 		1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [181][182][183]
1967
Amnesty International[co] 1961
London, United Kingdom 		1967, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1973 Won the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize "for worldwide respect for human rights."[184][185]
Lions Clubs International 1917
Chicago, Illinois, United States 		1967 [186]
Organization of American States[cp] 1948
Bogota, Colombia 		1967 [187]
United Poets Laureate International[cq] 1963
Manila, Philippines 		1967 [188]
World Federation of United Nations Associations 1946
New York City, New York, United States 		1967 [189]
Islands of Peace[cr] 1958
Brussels, Belgium 		1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 [190][191]
1968
World Health Organization[cs] 1948
Geneva, Switzerland 		1968, 1973 [192]
SOS Children's Villages[ct] 1949
Imst, Austria 		1968 [193]
World Council of Churches[cu] 1948
Amsterdam, Netherlands 		1968 [194]
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)[cv] 1945
Paris, France 		1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 [195][196]
1969
The People of Czechoslovakia[cw] 1969 [197]

1970–1974

Picture Name Founded Years Nominated Notes
1970
International Institute for Strategic Studies[cx] 1958
London, United Kingdom 		1970 [198]
Joint Church Aid[cy] 1967
New York City, United States 		1970 [199]
the Shop Stewards of the Belfast Shipyards[cz] Belfast, Northern Ireland 1970 [200]
International Fellowship of Reconciliation[da] 1914
Amsterdam, Netherlands 		1970 [201]
American Fellowship of Reconciliation[da] United States 1970 [202]
1971
Jugend in Bayreuth[db] Germany 1971 [203]
Centre for Cultural and Social Cooperation[dc] France 1971 [204]
1972[205]
Population Council 1952
New York City, United States 		1972,[206] 1973[207]
1973[205]
Ligue Internationale des Associations pour les Personnes Handicapées Mentales Belgium 1973[208]
Universal Postal Union 1874
Bern, Switzerland 		1973[209]
1974
Nominees will be revealed in 2025.

See also

Motivations

  1. ^ "The Institute of International Law was nominated for its work to draft the first international arbitration regulation, for its efforts to further brotherhood and peace, and for its efforts to establish a codification of the laws of war."
  2. ^ "The Peace Bureau organized conferences, and it collected and published peace literature. It was the heart of the European peace movement, and it co-ordinated the activities of the various national and non-governmental peace organizations."
  3. ^ 1917: "The International Committee of the Red Cross was founded in 1863 by Jean-Henri Dunant. He initiated the negotiations that resulted in the Geneva Convention concerning the treatment of wounded soldiers (1864). The Red Cross Committee was particularly active from 1914, trying to make the belligerents respect the Geneva convention. The Committee also set up an agency that provided information on prisoners of war." 1944: "The Red Cross was nominated for its efforts to further solidarity, brotherhood and humanity through its work for injured soldiers and prisoners of war." 1963: "The Red Cross Association and International Committee of the Red Cross were nominated because of their work during the Second World War. They have long worked to create brotherhood and international understanding between people."
  4. ^ "The Società Interregionale per la Pace, Unione Lombarda was nominated for its efforts to peace and peace issues."
  5. ^ "The Peace Society was one of the most influential elements in the British peace movement. It introduced the notion of arbitration to British inter-parliamentary peace work.William Evans Darby was secretary of the English Peace Society. He wrote and published literature on peace, international law and arbitration, and he attended several peace congresses."
  6. ^ "The Inter-Parliamentary promoted peace, contributed to the development and enforcement of international law and arbitration, and organized annual inter-parliamentary conferences to discuss possible solutions to international problems that could be handled by the League of Nations. It promoted parliamentary control of foreign affairs and reduction of armaments."
  7. ^ "The Union of French Women was nominated for its efforts to aid victims of war and disaster."
  8. ^ "The Universal Peace Union was nominated for its efforts in removing the causes and abolishing the custom of war, establishing and living the principles of peace."
  9. ^ "The International Arbitration League was nominated for its promotion of ‘high court of nations’ and developing international law."
  10. ^ "Association that sought to assemble jurists from different countries in order to work on common issues. Advocated brotherhood, understanding and international law."
  11. ^ "The American Peace Society was the oldest peace movement in the world. It had published and circulated numerous books, pamphlets and leaflets, in the endeavor to transform and develop public opinion. The Society advocated peace, international law and arbitration."
  12. ^ "Nominated for its efforts to promote peace through education. Promoted international law and arbitration."
  13. ^ "Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft (German Peace Society) was nominated for its efforts to advocate peace. It organized the 7th German peace conference in Kaiserslautern in May 1914, and it stressed the importance of improving Germany's relationship with France and Great Britain."
  14. ^ "Union et Progrès was nominated for its advocacy to bring peace in the Ottoman Empire."
  15. ^ "The International Arbitration and Peace Association was nominated for promoting arbitration and peace in places of armed conflicts and forced."
  16. ^ "The Society of Friends advocated peace and pacifism. During WWI the Quakers performed relief work neglected by other humanitarian organizations. From the 1930s the Quakers mostly agitated for peace in ecclesiastical circles, and they initiated a peace committee for all English religious communities. The Quakers also aided political refugees coming from Germany, and for this purpose they established the organization 'Service International d'Aide aux Réfugiés'. It was nominated for their efforts to advocate peace and brotherhood."
  17. ^ a b "The American Friends' Service Committee ane the Friends' Service Council advocated peace and pacifism. During WWI the Quakers performed relief work neglected by other humanitarian organizations. From the 1930s the Quakers mostly agitated for peace in ecclesiastical circles, and they initiated a peace committee for all English religious communities. The Quakers also aided political refugees coming from Germany, and for this purpose they established the organization ‘Service International d'Aide aux Réfugiés’."
  18. ^ "The Bureau was the focal point of the international labor movement. It organized international meetings where peace was an important issue. In 1911 it contributed to turn public opinion against a possible European war over the Morocco conflict. In 1912 the Bureau organized an international labor congress in order to prevent an escalation of the conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia."
  19. ^ a b c d "Associations that originally advocated Nordic neutrality, international peace and arbitration. The Norwegian Peace Association was founded by C. Bernhard Hanssen, the Danish Peace Association was founded by Fredrik Bajer and the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League was founded by Klas Pontus Arnoldson. The Swedish Peace Association was founded in 1911 and it was primarily its view on disarmament that separated it from the older Swedish Peace and Arbitration League. While the Peace Association considered disarmament to be a problem, the Peace and Arbitration League considered it to be subject of practical political work and agitation. All of the associations organized Scandinavian peace conferences."
  20. ^ "The Ligue internationale de la Paix et de la Liberté was nominated for its campaigns against war and determined actions for peace and understanding."
  21. ^ "The Stead Memorial Fund's aim was to provide safe lodging for women seeking work in cities, and thereby work against white slave trade."
  22. ^ "The Belgian Relief Committee was nominated for its voluntary aid to the victims of wars and distribution of food to local Belgians."
  23. ^ "The Nordic Inter-Parliamentary Union consisted of the three Nordic Inter-Parliamentary Groups, and the idea of such a union was conceived at the first inter-parliamentary conference in Paris in 1889. The Nordic Union organized Nordic conferences and advocated Nordic cooperation, international law and arbitration."
  24. ^ "Committee that worked to reveal information about prisoners of war and soldiers and civilians who were missing because of the war. Gustav Ador, president of the International Red Cross, was chairman of the Ador Committee."
  25. ^ "The agency was set up by the International Committee of the Red Cross, in order to provide information on prisoners of war."
  26. ^ "The Academy was founded in 1914 as a result of Tobias Asser's initiative and funding from the Carnegie endowment. It had made a lasting contribution to international law through its lectures and meetings. The nominators emphasized the importance of establishing a solid foundation for international law."
  27. ^ "The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) was nominated because of its work for the rights of minorities, for the victims of oppression, for civil liberties, and against colonialism and all exploitation of one class by another. It also known for its sustained and intelligent work to establish the conditions of peace. The League has worked in many countries for sanity in international relations, and has brought informed support both to the League of Nations and to the United Nations, and has tried to work on concrete political issues, in close cooperation with practical agencies."
  28. ^ "The organization was founded by 30 leading peace activists in 1915 in order to adjust and reorganize international peace work during war. Both neutral and belligerent countries were represented, and it advocated non-annexation, free trade, arbitration and disarmament. The organization had close connections to the Nederlandsche Anti-Oorlog Raad. The two had a division of labor where the former took care of the practical and popular work, while the latter focussed on the scientific work."
  29. ^ "The Museum was founded by Jean de Bloch which focuses on the negative impacts of war with the idea that 'war itself testified against war'."
  30. ^ "The National Peace Council was the central office for British peace associations."
  31. ^ "An association working for development of economy and social politics."
  32. ^ "Nederlandsche Anti-Oorlog-Raad was founded in 1914, as an initiative of the Dutch peace association 'Vrede door Recht' in order to gather a wide range of members. The association sought to study the causes of the World War and how it could be terminated, thereby preventing future wars. Advocate of international law and arbitration and closely connected to the Central Organization for a Durable Peace. The Swedish Peace and Arbitration League was founded by Klas Pontus Arnoldson. The association advocated Nordic neutrality, international peace and arbitration and organized Scandinavian peace conferences."
  33. ^ "Nominated for its effort on fraternal cooperation between peoples."
  34. ^ "C.B. Hanssen initiated the founding of the Nordic Peace Association in 1912. The Nordic Peace Association consisted of Nordic peace organizations. These organizations had since 1885 met on a regular basis, and they had developed some form of co-operation, but they needed a more formal and regulated structure. The charter of the Nordic Peace Association stated that its aim was to be the cornerstone in a world peace association that would work to secure peace by advocating international law and disarmament."
  35. ^ "The Union of Democratic Control was founded by Ramsay Macdonald, Charles Trevelyan, Norman Angell and E.D. Morel in 1914. It was one of several European organizations founded in order to make preparations for a lasting peace. In 1915 the Union had 61 subdivisions in Great Britain, 20 of them in London, and it became the center of the British internationalist movement that advocated international understanding, democratic control and disarmament. It also demanded the abolition of secret diplomacy in order to gain democratic control over foreign policy. In June 1917 the Union made public an elaborated draft of the conditions of peace that corresponded with Wilson's fourteen points from his speech held on January 8, 1918. The Union published the periodical Foreign Affairs."
  36. ^ "During World War I the American Red Cross established a special commission for Eastern Europe (later also a branch in Finland) in order to help refugees from Russia and to administer and distribute huge supplies of American provisions. The American Red Cross also provided homes for many of the refugees, and it expanded its field of activity through humanitarian relief work both in Siberia and Asia Minor."
  37. ^ "The International Philarmenian League defends the rights of Armenia and its people, aims for the good of its country and human solidarity."
  38. ^ "Croix-Rouge Hellénique was nominated for its efforts to aid refugees from Asia Minor and Thrace."
  39. ^ "The International Law Association was nominated for its contribution to the development of international law since its foundation in 1873. It organized conferences on international law and joint legislation, and it established national branches in several European countries."
  40. ^ "The Internationaler Genossenschaftsbund (I.G.B.) was nominated for its efforts of uniting, representing and serving co-operatives worldwide."
  41. ^ "The League of Nations was officially established at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The League promoted international cooperation, arbitration in international conflicts, reduction of armaments, and open diplomacy in order to preserve collective security."
  42. ^ a b c "The German and the French Human Rights Leagues were nominated for their contribution to rapprochement and reconciliation between Germany and France, which the nominator considered to be the most important European political matter."
  43. ^ "Union des Associations pour la Société des Nations was founded in 1919 as a debate forum for the League of Nations. Its aim was to reach a decision on how to organize the League of Nations. The Union prepared cases for the League of Nations, and it contributed to increased understanding between the national associations of the League. The Union had also initiated several peace conferences."
  44. ^ "The Permanent Court of Abitration is an intergovernmental organization providing a variety of dispute resolution services to the international community."
  45. ^ "The I.O.G.T. advocated racial equality and it promoted the idea of brotherhood. The nominators emphasized the correlation between the temperance movement and the peace cause, as well as I.O.G.T.'s efforts to promote personal development, peace and cooperation between social groups, races and nations."
  46. ^ "The I.O.G.T. advocated racial equality and it promoted the idea of brotherhood. The nominators emphasized the correlation between the temperance movement and the peace cause, as well as I.O.G.T.'s efforts to promote personal development, peace and cooperation between social groups, races and nations."
  47. ^ "The Save the Children Fund was nominated for promoting policy changes to gain more rights for young people regardless of race, color, or creed. The organization also aims to improving children's lives through better education, health care, and economic opportunities."
  48. ^ "Union Internationale de Protection de l'Enfance was founded January 6, 1920."
  49. ^ "The International Union for Child Welfare was nominated for its worldwide and comprehensive work for the benefit of children in all countries, and its endeavours in the name of humankind and peace."
  50. ^ "The Court was founded for arbitration between states, observation of international laws, implementation of justice, preservation of human rights and promotion of communal peace. It is an international court attached to the League of Nations."
  51. ^ "The International Institute of Agriculture was an international clearing house established to protect the common interests of farmers."
  52. ^ "The Norden Associations furthered Nordic cooperation and solidarity."
  53. ^ "War Resisters' International advocated peace and pacifism by opposing participation in or preparations to war."
  54. ^ "The Disarmament Committee of the Women's International Organizations had upheld and strengthened the will to disarm in several countries. It had been established during the preparations to the League of Nations Disarmament Conference (1932-1934), and it represented more than 15 international women's organisations. It had also initiated a giant petition in favor of disarmament."
  55. ^ "The International Committee of Historical Sciences advocated peace and international understanding. The Committee consisted of representatives from 42 countries, and it organized international conferences. It also established a commission occupied with securing objective tuition of national and international history."
  56. ^ "The Nansen International Office for Refugees was nominated for its efforts to advocate worldwide humanitarianism and brotherhood."
  57. ^ "For the organization's humanitarian work worldwide and international understanding."
  58. ^ "For the organization's humanitarian work worldwide and international understanding."
  59. ^ "Comité de Secours aux pacifistes exilés was nominated for its efforts to help exiled pacifists continue their work. It organized peace activities and promoted the work of exiled pacifists. The nominator emphasized the financial importance of receiving the Nobel Peace Prize."
  60. ^ a b c d "The Red Cross was nominated for its efforts to further solidarity, brotherhood and humanity through its work for injured soldiers and prisoners of war."
  61. ^ "Foundation aimed at spreading information to promote peace and understanding."
  62. ^ "ILO was nominated for its efforts in promoting social justice and to accomplish international agreements on improved working conditions."
  63. ^ "CARE was nominated for its effort to improve conditions in post-war Europe. It was founded in 1945 by several US aid organizations. After 1948 CARE also worked in East-Asia and North Africa."
  64. ^ "Service Civil International was nominated for their work to further international understanding through international civil service and for its extraordinary voluntary work, creating organised work camps for peace throughout the world."
  65. ^ "UNICEF program aims at improving children's general welfare."
  66. ^ "The institution is working for international understanding through publishing American Journal of International Law."
  67. ^ "For the Festival's work for international understanding through Music festivals."
  68. ^ "Emphasizes the Olympic Games' importance for brotherhood among nations."
  69. ^ "For the organization's work for international understanding."
  70. ^ "Emphasizes the importance of nursing as a factor for peace."
  71. ^ "The World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto Asocio) was nominated for creating friendly relations between people by allowing them to communicate freely without linguistic barriers and for their efforts to establish an understanding among nations which would lay the foundations for world peace."
  72. ^ "For the men and women, unnumbered and unnamed, who have devoted themselves, and sometimes their lives, to foster civil aviation as an instrument of communication, understanding, and peace among the nations of the world."
  73. ^ "For the organizations work for goodwill and understanding amongst people."
  74. ^ "The World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) was nominated for doing its utmost to break down barriers of race, colour and creed. The Movement has done its utmost to bring out friendly understanding amongst the youth of the world in the cause of peace."
  75. ^ "The International Chamber of Commerce was nominated for its effort to join together thousands of industrialists, traders and customers. Working with high values and great zeal to devote its strength to the progress of humanity."
  76. ^ "The Inomeuropeisk Mission is nominated for its work with refugees."
  77. ^ "The Institute of World Affairs is nominated for its work with international fraternity for the last 30 years."
  78. ^ "I.C.S.U. was nominated for its planning of the International Geophysical Year, IGY, as a stimulating example of international collaboration."
  79. ^ "Die Gute Tat was nominated for its peace promoting work."
  80. ^ "The World Veterans Federation idea to craft peace by those who fought in wars, those who clashed with weapons in hand, is on its own something that deserve to be recognized, together with the spirit that they have embraced their mission. It is also nominated for its efforts in making the ideology of peaceful cooperation a reality and supporting the economic and social development in the developing countries."
  81. ^ "The Youth Aliyah organization was nominated for their concern with immigration and youth. They have rescued over 100,000 Jewish children, rehabilitated and educated them in Israel."
  82. ^ "The International Commission of Jurists was nominated for its intense efforts to assert the rule of law. Through writings and speeches, and the distribution of committees and observers, the commission has opposed violence, oppression and injustice."
  83. ^ "The Rockefeller Foundation was nominated for efforts to strengthening countries through applied microbiology and for its agricultural development programs fighting famine in several countries, but especially in Mexico."
  84. ^ "The Pugwash Continuing Committee (later named Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs) was nominated for their effort solve the problems created by the existence of nuclear weapons and for the work that their scientists have conducted for peace and international understanding."
  85. ^ "The Pugwash Continuing Committee (later named Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs) was nominated for their effort solve the problems created by the existence of nuclear weapons and for the work that their scientists have conducted for peace and international understanding."
  86. ^ "The Frontier Villages Program was nominated because of their work for reconciliation between Israel and its Arab neighbours, especially Jordan."
  87. ^ "United Towns Organization was nominated for its work for reconciliation among the people by establishing a system of twin cities in all the countries of the world and for its work for peace by creating brotherhood among people through the cooperation of twin cities.. This develops cooperation across all kind of borders; political, economical and cultural."
  88. ^ "The Norwegian Missionary Society was nominated for advancing the idea of peace in the world through Christianity."
  89. ^ "The Oxford Committee for Famine Relief was nominated for their work as a relief organisation, sending aid regardless of race, religion and politics to people in need."
  90. ^ "The Salvation Army was nominated for its remarkable records of promoting the cause of human fellowship through service to others. The Salvation Army is spiritually motivated in its program of vigorous activism and universal philanthropy."
  91. ^ "The International Planned Parenthood Federation was nominated for its contributions to world peace and a better world through family planning."
  92. ^ "The IU is an international organization for land value tax reformer seeking to stimulate in all countries a public opinion favourable to peace and prosperity of all people, through progressive removal of the basic economic causes of poverty and war."
  93. ^ "Amnesty International was nominated for their tireless efforts to better the conditions of political prisoners."
  94. ^ "Organization for the purpose of solidarity and cooperation."
  95. ^ "An organizations that promotes world brotherhood and peace through poetry."
  96. ^ "Iles de Paix (Islands of Peace) was nominated for its work against famine, alleviate human suffering, and development in India.
  97. ^ "The World Health Organization was nominated for its outstanding contribution to peacebuilding, as well as its relief of human suffering."
  98. ^ "The SOS Children's Villages was nominated for its work, that goes far beyond any social duties, and their effectual contribution to world peace."
  99. ^ "The World Council of Churches was nominated for, without regard to religious, cultural, ethnical or political differences, seeking to contribute to constructive solutions to international conflicts and engage the churches with responsible political authorities to create international community."
  100. ^ "UNESCO was nominated for its work for peace by promoting international understanding and rapprochement among the peoples, and social and cultural development."
  101. ^ "The People of Czechoslovakia were nominated for, as a united people, having hindered armed conflict by choosing to walk the difficult way of non-violent civilian resistance instead."
  102. ^ "The Institute for Strategic Studies was nominated for its publications which are a great contribution to securing peace."
  103. ^ "The Joint Church Aid was nominated for its efforts to provide relief to civilian victims of the Nigerian-Biafran War and for the example they provide for alleviating the crises which will probably occur in the future."
  104. ^ "The Shop Stewards of the Belfast Shipyards were nominated for their devoted efforts to prevent sectarian violence breaking out in the shipyards and contributing to inter-communal peace."
  105. ^ a b "The International Fellowship of Reconciliation and The Fellowship of Reconciliation (American chapter) were nominated for their service to peace, humanity, and reconciliation."
  106. ^ "The Jugend in Beyreuth was nominated for their decade long work to better the understanding between peoples."
  107. ^ "The Centre for Cultural and Social Cooperation was nominated for their worldwide and important work to promote tolerance and mutual understanding between peoples without regard to nationality, class, race, religion, or political affiliation."

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  74. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Government of Estonia". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  78. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Greek Red Cross (Croix-Rouge Hellénique)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  117. ^ "Nomination Archive – Les Lieux de Genève". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  119. ^ "Nomination of La Croix-Rouge Finlandaise (Finnish Red Cross) (Finland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  120. ^ "Nomination of La Croix-Rouge de la Jeunesse (Red Cross Youth) (Switzerland)for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  121. ^ "Nomination of CIMAC (Conférence Internationale des Associations des Mutilés de guerre et Anciens Combattants) (France) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  122. ^ "Nomination of the Swedish Red Cross (Sweden) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  123. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Swedish Committee of the Red Cross". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  124. ^ "Nomination of the Norwegian Red Cross (Norway) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1940". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  125. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Norwegian Committee of the Red Cross". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  126. ^ "Nomination Archive – Union Belge pour la Société des Nations". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  127. ^ "Nomination Archive – Carnegie Endowment for International Peace". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  128. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Labour Organization". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  129. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Labour Organization". NobelPrize.org. October 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  130. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Labour Organization". NobelPrize.org. October 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
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  132. ^ "Nomination Archive – Count Bernadotte Memorial Fund (Greve Bernadottes Minnefond)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  133. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cooperative For American Relief Everywhere". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  134. ^ "Nomination of Grotius Society (United Kingdom) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1951". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  135. ^ "Nomination Archive – Grotius Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  136. ^ "Nomination Archive – Service Civil International". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  137. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Civil Service". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  138. ^ "Nomination of International Union for Child Welfare (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1951". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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  140. ^ "Nomination Archive – UNICEF (United Nations Children´s Fund)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  144. ^ "Nomination Archive – American Society of International Law". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  145. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edinburgh Festival Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  147. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Olympic Committee (IOC)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  148. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moral Rearmament". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  149. ^ "Nomination Archive – Moral Re-Armament (MRA)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  150. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Council of Nurses". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  152. ^ "Nomination Archive – World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto Asocio)". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  153. ^ "Nomination Archive – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  154. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1954". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  155. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  157. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rotary International". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  158. ^ "Nomination Archive – World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  159. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Chamber of Commerce". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  160. ^ "Nomination Archive – Inomeuropeisk Mission". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  161. ^ "Nomination Archive – Institute of World Affairs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  162. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Council of Scientific Unions". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  163. ^ "Nomination Archive – Die Gute Tat (Austrian Philanthropic Society)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  164. ^ "Nomination Archive – World Veterans Federation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  165. ^ "Nomination Archive – Youth Aliyah Organisation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  166. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Commission of Jurists". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  167. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Jurist Commission". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  168. ^ "Nomination Archive – Rockefeller Foundation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  169. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pugwash Continuing Committee". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  170. ^ "Nomination Archive – Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs". NobelPrize.org. October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  171. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  172. ^ "Nomination Archive – Frontier Villages Program of the Arab Development Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  173. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fédération Mondiale des Villes Jumelées". NobelPrize.org. October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  174. ^ "Nomination Archive – United Towns Organisation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  175. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fédération Mondiale des Villes Jumelées (United Towns Organisation)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  176. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Norwegian Missionary Society". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  177. ^ "Nomination Archive – Oxford Committee for Famine Relief". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  178. ^ "Nomination Archive – Salvation Army". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  179. ^ "Nomination Archive – The Salvation Army". NobelPrize.org. October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  180. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Planned Parenthood Federation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  181. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Union for Land Value Taxation and Free Trade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  182. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Union for Land Value Taxation and Free Trade". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  183. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Union for Land Value Taxation". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  184. ^ "Nomination Archive – Amnesty International". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  185. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1977". Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  186. ^ "Nomination Archive – The International Association of Lions Clubs". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  187. ^ "Nomination Archive – Organization of American States (OAS)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  188. ^ "Nomination Archive – United Poets Laureate International". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  189. ^ "Nomination Archive – The World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  190. ^ "Nomination Archive – Islands of Peace (L´Association Les Isles de Paix)". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  191. ^ "Nomination Archive – Iles de Paix (Islands of Peace)". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  192. ^ "Nomination Archive – World Health Organization". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  193. ^ "Nomination Archive – SOS Children's Villages". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  194. ^ "Nomination Archive – World Council of Churches". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  195. ^ "Nomination Archive – UNESCO". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  196. ^ "Nomination Archive – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  197. ^ "Nomination Archive – The People of Czechoslovakia". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  198. ^ "Nomination Archive – Institute for Strategic Studies". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  199. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joint Church Aid". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  200. ^ "Nomination Archive – the Shop Stewards of the Belfast Shipyards". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  201. ^ "Nomination Archive – International Fellowship of Reconciliation". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  202. ^ "Nomination Archive – Fellowship of Reconciliation (American chapter)". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  203. ^ "Nomination Archive – Jugend in Beyreuth". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  204. ^ "Nomination Archive – Centre for Cultural and Social Cooperation". NobelPrize.org. October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
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  206. ^ "Nomination of the Population Council (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1972". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  207. ^ "Nomination of the Population Council (United States) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  208. ^ "Nomination of The International League of Associations for the Mentally Handicapped (Belgium) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  209. ^ "Nomination of Universal Postal Union (L'Union postale universelle) (Switzerland) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1973". media.digitalarkivet.no. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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