The arts
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- Auguste Hauschner (1850-1924) — German writer, born in Prague
- H. G. Adler (1910–1988) — German-language writer; born and lived in Prague
- Filip Albrecht (born 1977) — lyricist, film producer, writer; lives in Prague
- Jana Andrsová (1939–2023) — actress and ballerina; born and lives in Prague
- Lída Baarová (1914–2000) — actress; lived and died in Prague
- Max Brod (1884–1968) — German-language writer; born and lived in Prague
- Karel Čapek (1890–1938) — writer; lived and died in Prague
- Gene Deitch (1924–2020) — American-born animator; lives in Prague
- Emmy Destinn (1878–1930) — operatic soprano; born in Prague
- Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904) — composer; lived most of his life in Prague
- Miloš Forman (1932–2018) — film director, won twice Academy Award for Best Director; studied and lived in Prague
- Karel Gott (1939–2019) — singer; lived in Prague
- Jaroslav Hašek (1883–1923) — writer, humorist and satirist; lived in Prague for most of his life, described the city in many stories
- Václav Havel (1936–2011) — dramatist, writer and politician; President of Czechoslovakia and Czech republic (its first; 1993–2003); born and lived in Prague
- Maxim Havlíček — painter; born in Prague
- Vladimír Holan (1905–1980) — poet; born, lived and died in Prague
- Jiří Hošta (born 1978) — writer, essayist, photographer; lives in Prague
- Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997) — writer; lived and died in Prague
- Leoš Janáček (1854–1928) — composer; studied in Prague
- Fanny Janauschek (1830–1904) — actress; migrated to the United States in 1867
- Franz Kafka (1883–1924) — German-language fiction writer; born and lived in Prague
- Tomas Kalnoky (born 1980) — guitarist, singer; born in Prague
- Egon Erwin Kisch (1885–1948) – German-language journalist and writer; born, lived, and died in Prague
- Stefan Kisyov (born 1963) — novelist; lives in Prague
- Daria Klimentová (born 1971) - ballet dancer; born and raised in Prague
- Paul Kornfeld (1889–1942) — German-language playwright and novelist; born and lived in Prague
- Ivan Kral (1948–2020) — guitarist, singer, record producer and film director; born in Prague
- Milan Kundera (born 1929) — writer; studied, lectured at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague
- Leopold Eugen Měchura (1804–1870) — composer
- Jiří Menzel (1938-2020) — film director (his first feature film, Closely Watched Trains (1966) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film); born in Prague
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) — composer; some of his best opera successes were during his time in Prague
- Alfons Mucha (1860–1939) — Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist; spent last decades of his life in Prague
- Josef Václav Myslbek (1848–1922) — sculptor; born in Prague and creator of the Wenceslas Monument in Prague's Wenceslas Square
- Zuzana Navarová (1959–2004) — singer; lived and died in Prague
- Jože Plečnik (1872–1957) — Slovene architect; built several churches and parts of the Prague Castle
- Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) — German-language poet; born and studied in Prague
- Karel Roden (born 1962) — actor; lives in Prague
- Jan Saudek (born 1935) — art photographer; born and lives in Prague
- Jaroslav Seifert (1901–1986) — poet and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1984); lived in Prague
- Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884) — composer; lived and died in Prague
- Kamila Špráchalová (born 1971) — stage and television actress
- Jiří Suchý (born 1931) — actor, singer, playwright, writer; born and lives in Prague
- Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) — novelist, pacifist activist and writer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (1905)
- Vladimír Svozil (born 1966) — painter
- Johannes Urzidil (1896–1970) — German-language writer; born and lived in Prague, described the city in many stories (The Lost Beloved, 1956, Prague Triptych, 1960)
- Marja Vallila (1950–2018) — sculptor
- Robert Vano (born 1948) — art photographer; lives in Prague
- Sonja Vectomov (born 1979) — composer, musician; lives in Prague
- Felix Weltsch (1884–1964) — German-language writer; born and lived in Prague
- Robert Weltsch (1891–1982) — German-language journalist; born and lived in Prague
- Franz Werfel (1890–1945) — German-language writer; born and lived in Prague
- Jan Werich (1905–1980) — actor, singer, playwright, writer; born, lived and died in Prague
- David Woodard (born 1964) — American-born writer and businessman; lives in Prague
- Walter Trier (1890–1951) — illustrator; born in Prague
- Dana Zámečníková (1945-) – sculptor, born in Prague
