^Jeroen Maesschalck and Steven Van de Walle, "Policy failure and corruption in Belgium: Is federalism to blame?." West European Politics 29.5 (2006): 999-1017 online
^Antoon Van den Braembussche, "The silence of Belgium: Taboo and trauma in Belgian memory." Yale French Studies 102 (2002): 35-52 online.
^Lieven De Winter, "Political corruption in Belgium." in Corruption in Contemporary Politics (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2003). 93-105.