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((Short description|None))
((More citations needed|date=December 2023))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2023))
((Politics of Croatia))
This is a list of heads of state of the [[Republic of Croatia]], since the [[independence of Croatia]].

Historically, the republican system was introduced in the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]] while it was a constituent republic of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]], and its head of state is discussed in the history of [[politics of the Socialist Republic of Croatia]].

Since 1990, the [[President of Croatia|President of the Republic of Croatia]] (''Predsjednik'') is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited to a maximum of two terms. However, with the [[Constitution of Croatia|Constitution]] of 2001, the powers of the President (much expanded in 1990) were now again severely curtailed, as Croatia shifted from a [[semi-presidential system]], to an incomplete [[parliamentary system]]. As in most parliamentary systems, the President is now by-and-large a ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister ''de facto'' heading the executive branch.

==Presidents of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present)<ref>((Cite web |title=Croatian Presidents |url=https://www.predsjednik.hr/en/former-presidents/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=President of the Republic of Croatia - Zoran Milanović |language=en-US))</ref>==
On 30 May 1990 Franjo Tuđman was elected by Parliament as the [[President of the Presidency of SR Croatia|President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia]], then still a constituent republic of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]], and held office together with several Vice Presidents of the Presidency of SR Croatia. The collective presidency was reduced to seven members on 25 July 1990 and the name of the constituent Yugoslav republic was changed to the ''Republic of Croatia'' by removing the word ''Socialist'' from its name and the names of its institutions. The collective presidency was abolished in favor of the post of [[President of the Republic of Croatia]] with the adoption of a new constitution on 22 December 1990. The Croatian Parliament then declared independence on 25 June 1991, when Tuđman formally became the first president of an independent Croatian nation under the name the ''Republic of Croatia''.

(*)The constitutional amendments of November 2000 abandoned a [[semi-presidential system]] for a [[parliamentary system]] (with a directly elected president) and also made the presidency a non-partisan office, meaning that even if they are elected to office as a candidate of a particular political party, the president must resign membership in that party before taking office.

((legend2|((party color|Croatian Democratic Union))|[[Croatian Democratic Union]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (2)

((legend2|((party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia))|[[Social Democratic Party of Croatia]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (2)

((legend2|((party color|Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats))|[[Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA)) (1)

{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |Picture
! rowspan="2" width=23% |Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Political party
|-
! style="text-align: center;" |No.
! style="text-align: center;" |Term start
! style="text-align: center;" |Term end
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''1'''))
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:Franjotudjman.jpg|100px|Franjo Tuđman]]<br />[[File:Signature of Franjo Tuđman.png|100px]]
| rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Franjo Tuđman]]'''<br /><small>(1922–1999)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|30 May 1990
|12 August 1992
|—
| rowspan="5" |[[Croatian Democratic Union]]
|-
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''1'''))
|12 August 1992
|11 August 1997
|[[1992 Croatian presidential election|1992]] (56.73%)
|-
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''2'''))
|12 August 1997
|10 December 1999 † 
|[[1997 Croatian presidential election|1997]] (61.41%)
|-
| colspan="4" |<small>[[Croatian Parliament|Parliament]] elected him the [[President of the Presidency of SR Croatia]] in May 1990, but with the adoption of a new constitution on 22 December 1990, the title of the office was changed to ''President of the Republic of Croatia'' and the [[Presidium of SR Croatia|Presidium of Croatia]] (Presidency) was abolished. Tuđman presided over [[independence of Croatia|the period when Croatia gained independence]] and ultimately joined the [[United Nations]] in May 1992. Tuđman won re-election to a ''de facto'' second and third term in [[1992 Croatian presidential election|1992]] and [[1997 Croatian presidential election|1997]], winning election outright both times without the need for a run-off. He is the only president to have been elected in the first round of elections. He died in office in December 1999.</small>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''—'''))
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Vlatko Pavletić]]'''<br /><small>(1930–2007)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|10 December 1999
|2 February 2000
|Acting President
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>Tuđman was incapacitated since 26 November 1999 and died on 10 December 1999. Pavletić became acting president as [[Speaker of the Croatian Parliament]]. He was succeeded by [[Zlatko Tomčić]] when the 4th Assembly of Parliament was replaced by the 5th Assembly after the [[2000 Croatian parliamentary election|2000 election]]. </small>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|Croatian Peasant Party)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''—'''))
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:Zlatko Tomcic.jpg|100px|Zlatko Tomčić]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Zlatko Tomčić]]'''<br /><small>(1945–)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Peasant Party)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''—'''))
|2 February 2000
|18 February 2000
|Acting President
|[[Croatian Peasant Party]]
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>Became acting president as [[Speaker of Parliament]] when the 4th Assembly of Parliament (1995-2000) was replaced by the 5th Assembly (2000–2003). Served until [[Stjepan Mesić]] was sworn in as the new president on 18 February 2000.</small>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background: ((party color|Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats)); text-align: center;" |((color|black|'''2'''))
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:Stjepan Mesić (2004-02-25) (cropped).jpg|100px|Stjepan Mesić]]<br />[[File:Signature of Stjepan Mesić.png|100px]]
| rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Stjepan Mesić]]'''<br /><small>(1934–)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats)); text-align: center;" |((color|black|'''3'''))
|19 February 2000
|18 February 2005
|[[2000 Croatian presidential election|2000]] (56.01%)
| rowspan="2" |[[Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats]]* (formally [[Independent (politician)|independent]])
|-
| style="background: ((party color|Independent (politician))); text-align: center;" |((color|black|'''4'''))
|19 February 2005
|18 February 2010
|[[2005 Croatian presidential election|2005]] (65.93%)
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>He defeated [[Dražen Budiša]] in the [[2000 Croatian presidential election|2000 presidential elections]]. He was the first president with reduced powers, as the [[semi-presidential system]] was replaced by an incomplete [[parliamentary system]] in November 2000. Mesić was re-elected in [[2005 Croatian presidential election|2005]], defeating [[Jadranka Kosor]] in a landslide.</small>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''3'''))
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:16 obljetnica vojnoredarstvene operacije Oluja Ivo Josipovic 04082011 c 876.jpg|100px|Ivo Josipović]]<br />[[File:Accession Treaty 2011 Ivo Josipović signature.svg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Ivo Josipović]]'''<br /><small>(1957–)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''5'''))
|19 February 2010
|18 February 2015
|[[2009–10 Croatian presidential election|2009–10]] (60.26%)
| rowspan="1" |[[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|Social Democratic Party]]* (formally [[Independent (politician)|independent]])
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>He defeated [[Milan Bandić]] by a wide margin in the [[2009-10 Croatian presidential election|2010 election]]. He was narrowly defeated by [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]] in his re-election bid in 2015.</small>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''4'''))
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (cropped).jpg|100px|Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]]<br />[[File:Kolindacestitka_(presidential_siganute).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]]'''<br /><small>(1968–)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Croatian Democratic Union)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''6'''))
|19 February 2015
|18 February 2020
|[[2014–15 Croatian presidential election|2014–15]] (50.74%)
|[[Croatian Democratic Union]]* (formally [[Independent (politician)|independent]])
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>She defeated incumbent president [[Ivo Josipović]] in the second round of the [[Croatian presidential election, 2014-15|2015 election]]. She is the [[List of elected or appointed female heads of state|first female president]] since independence and also the youngest, aged 46. She was defeated by [[Zoran Milanović]] in her reelection bid in 2020.</small>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: ((party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''5'''))
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |[[File:Zoran Milanović at Palazzo del Quirinale 2021 (11) (cropped).jpg|100px|Zoran Milanović]]<br />[[File:Milanovic potpis.gif|100px]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |'''[[Zoran Milanović]]'''<br /><small>(1966–)</small>
| style="background: ((party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia)); text-align: center;" |((color|white|'''7'''))
|19 February 2020
|Incumbent
|[[2019–20 Croatian presidential election|2019–20]] (52.66%)
|[[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|Social Democratic Party]]* (formally [[Independent (politician)|independent]])
|-
| colspan="5" |<small>He defeated incumbent president [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]] in the second round of the [[2019–20 Croatian presidential election|2020 election]].</small>
|}

A – [[President of Croatia|Acting President]]<br />
(**) From the abolishment of the collective Presidency of the Republic of Croatia on 22 December 1990

==See also==
*[[Speaker of the Croatian Parliament]]
*[[Prime Minister of Croatia]]
**[[List of Croatian prime ministers by time in office]]
*[[List of cabinets of Croatia]]
*[[Speaker of the Chamber of Counties of Croatia]]
*[[Secretary of the League of Communists of Croatia]]
*[[List of heads of state of Yugoslavia]]
*[[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia]]

==References==
((reflist))

((President of Croatia))

[[Category:Lists of national presidents|Croatia]]
[[Category:Presidents of Croatia|*]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Croatia|Presidents]]

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