A man in a white overall, standing behind a blue sponsorship advertisement for the Royal Bank of Scotland, with the letters "RBS" in white. He is waving a red flag.
A red flag is shown to indicate an unscheduled stop to a race, usually for safety reasons.
Formula One
Current season
Related articles
Lists
Records
Organisations

Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and vehicles must conform.[2] The Formula One World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, usually held on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.[3] The results of each race are combined to determine two annual championships, one for drivers and one for constructors.[4]

A red flag is shown when there has been a crash or the track conditions are poor enough to warrant the race being stopped. The flags are displayed by the marshals at various points around the circuit.[5] A Global Positioning System (GPS) marshalling system was introduced in 2007. It involves a display of flag signals in the driver's cockpit, which alerts them to the crash.[6] Following a red flag being shown, the exit of the pit lane is closed and cars must proceed to the pit lane slowly without overtaking, lining up at the pit exit.[7] From 2005, a ten-minute warning is given before the race is resumed behind the safety car, which leads the field for a lap before it returns to the pit lane.[8] Previously, the race was restarted in race order from the penultimate lap before the red flag was shown.[9] If a race is unable to be resumed, "the results will be taken at the end of the penultimate lap before the lap during which the signal to suspend the race was given".[7] If 75% of the race distance has not been completed and the race cannot be resumed, half points are awarded. Until 2015, no points were supposed to be awarded if the race could not be restarted and less than two laps had been completed,[10][11] but starting in 2016 this rule was updated to "no points if two laps or less have been completed".[12][13][14][15][16]

Since the first World Championship Grand Prix in 1950, red flags have been shown in 85 World Championship Formula One races, with the latest one being at the 2023 São Paulo Grand Prix. A total of 26 races were restarted on the first lap, while 13 Grands Prix were not restarted, nine because of rain and four due to crashes involving drivers. Another five races were stopped due to incidents that resulted in fatalities: the 1975 Spanish Grand Prix was stopped on lap 29 and not restarted after Rolf Stommelen's car crashed into a spectator area, killing five people;[17] the 1978 Italian Grand Prix was red-flagged after a massive crash that ultimately contributed to the death of Ronnie Peterson; the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix was halted on the first lap after Riccardo Paletti was killed when his car collided with the back of Didier Pironi's Ferrari;[18] the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix was red-flagged following the fatal crash of Ayrton Senna, in which his car crashed into a wall at the Tamburello curve;[19] the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix was red-flagged for a second time following a serious collision between Jules Bianchi and a recovery vehicle which would ultimately prove to be fatal.[20] The 2023 Australian Grand Prix holds the record for most red flags, with three.[21]

Red-flagged races

Key
N Indicates the race was not restarted
Y Indicates the race was restarted over the original distance
R Indicates the race was resumed to complete the originally scheduled distance
S Indicates the race was restarted or resumed with the originally scheduled distance not completed
Formula One World Championship races that have been red-flagged
Race Lap R Winner Incident that prompted red flag Failed to make the restart[a] Ref.
1971 Canadian Grand Prix 64 N Jackie Stewart Mist. [22]
1973 British Grand Prix 2 Y Peter Revson Crash involving Jody Scheckter, Jean-Pierre Beltoise, George Follmer, Mike Hailwood, Carlos Pace, Jochen Mass, Jackie Oliver, Roger Williamson and Andrea de Adamich. Jody Scheckter, Jean-Pierre Beltoise, George Follmer, Mike Hailwood, Carlos Pace, Jochen Mass, Jackie Oliver, Roger Williamson and Andrea de Adamich (crash) Graham McRae (throttle) and David Purley (spun off). [23]
1974 Brazilian Grand Prix 32 N Emerson Fittipaldi Rain. [24]
1975 Spanish Grand Prix 29 N Jochen Mass Crash of Rolf Stommelen which killed five spectators. Half points were awarded.[b] [25]
1975 British Grand Prix 56 N Emerson Fittipaldi Rain and crashes involving Wilson Fittipaldi, Jochen Mass, John Watson, Carlos Pace, Jody Scheckter, James Hunt and Mark Donohue. [26]
1975 Austrian Grand Prix 29 N Vittorio Brambilla Rain. Half points were awarded.[b] [27]
1976 British Grand Prix 1 Y Niki Lauda Crash at the start involving Clay Regazzoni, James Hunt, Jacques Laffite and Niki Lauda. None, although Clay Regazzoni and Jacques Laffite illegally used their spare cars at the restart, and were subsequently disqualified. [28]
1976 German Grand Prix 2 Y James Hunt Crash involving Niki Lauda, Brett Lunger and Harald Ertl. Niki Lauda (crashed, injured), Brett Lunger and Harald Ertl (crashed), Chris Amon (withdrawn), Hans-Joachim Stuck (clutch) and Jacques Laffite (gearbox) [29]
1978 Austrian Grand Prix 7 R Ronnie Peterson Rain. The race was decided by combining the time from the first 7 laps with the time from the restarted 47. Mario Andretti, Jody Scheckter, Nelson Piquet, Héctor Rebaque, Harald Ertl, Riccardo Patrese, Alan Jones and James Hunt. [30][31]
1978 Italian Grand Prix 1 S Niki Lauda Crash involving Ronnie Peterson, Riccardo Patrese, James Hunt, Vittorio Brambilla, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Patrick Depailler, Didier Pironi, Derek Daly, Clay Regazzoni and Brett Lunger. The race was shortened to 40 laps from the scheduled 52 due to the concerns over darkness. Ronnie Peterson (fatal crash), Vittorio Brambilla (injured), Hans-Joachim Stuck, Didier Pironi and Brett Lunger. [32]
1979 Argentine Grand Prix 1 Y Jacques Laffite A huge crash involving Jody Scheckter, Arturo Merzario, Didier Pironi, Nelson Piquet, John Watson, Patrick Tambay and Mario Andretti. Jody Scheckter, Arturo Merzario, Didier Pironi, Nelson Piquet and Patrick Tambay. [33][34]
1979 South African Grand Prix 2 R Gilles Villeneuve Rain. [35][36]
1980 Canadian Grand Prix 1 Y Alan Jones Crash involving Jean-Pierre Jarier, Derek Daly, Emerson Fittipaldi, Keke Rosberg, Mario Andretti, Gilles Villeneuve and Jochen Mass. Derek Daly (crashed) and Mike Thackwell (lending his car to Jean-Pierre Jarier after Jarier crashed his car before the restart). [37]
1981 Belgian Grand Prix 2 R[c] Carlos Reutemann Start crash that involved Riccardo Patrese and teammate Siegfried Stohr, injuring Patrese's mechanic. Riccardo Patrese and Siegfried Stohr [38]
54 N Rain. [38]
1981 French Grand Prix 58 R Alain Prost Rain. The race was decided by combining the time from the first 58 laps with the time from the restarted 22. [39]
1982 Detroit Grand Prix 7 S[d] John Watson Crash involving Elio de Angelis, Roberto Guerrero, and Riccardo Patrese. The race was decided by combining the time from the first 6 laps with the time from the restarted 64, shortened to 56 due to the two-hour time limit. Riccardo Patrese and Roberto Guerrero [40][41]
1982 Canadian Grand Prix 1 Y Nelson Piquet Didier Pironi stalled his car at the start, causing Riccardo Paletti to crash fatally into the back of Pironi's car. Geoff Lees, Raul Boesel and Eliseo Salazar were also involved in separate crashes at the start. Riccardo Paletti (fatal crash), Geoff Lees (crashed) and Jean-Pierre Jarier (withdrawn after teammate Paletti died). [42]
1984 Monaco Grand Prix 31 N Alain Prost Rain. Half points were awarded.[b] [43]
1984 Detroit Grand Prix 1 Y Nelson Piquet Crash at the start involving Nelson Piquet, Ayrton Senna, Michele Alboreto and Marc Surer Marc Surer [44]
1984 British Grand Prix 11 S Niki Lauda Crash of Jonathan Palmer. The race was restarted for 60 laps, rather than the original 64. [45]
1984 Austrian Grand Prix 1 Y Niki Lauda Improper start procedure. [46]
1985 Austrian Grand Prix 1 Y Alain Prost Crash at the start involving Teo Fabi, Elio de Angelis, Michele Alboreto and Gerhard Berger. Piercarlo Ghinzani [47]
1986 British Grand Prix 1 Y Nigel Mansell Nigel Mansell suffered a driveshaft failure at the start, resulting in a crash involving a number of cars which included Thierry Boutsen, Jacques Laffite, Christian Danner, Piercarlo Ghinzani, Allen Berg and Jonathan Palmer. Jacques Laffite (crash, injured), Christian Danner, Piercarlo Ghinzani and Allen Berg. [48]
1987 Belgian Grand Prix 2 Y Alain Prost Crash involving Jonathan Palmer and Philippe Streiff. Jonathan Palmer [49]
1987 Austrian Grand Prix 1 Y Nigel Mansell The first race start ended quickly after Martin Brundle crashed, then Jonathan Palmer, Philippe Streiff and Piercarlo Ghinzani collided. [50]
The second race start ended quickly after Nigel Mansell crawled away with clutch problems and then Eddie Cheever and Riccardo Patrese collided and half the grid, including Stefan Johansson, Alex Caffi, Ivan Capelli, Pascal Fabre, Philippe Alliot, Martin Brundle and Christian Danner were involved in the ensuing pile-up. Philippe Streiff [50]
1987 Portuguese Grand Prix 2 Y Alain Prost A multi-car collision on the opening lap. Nelson Piquet and Michele Alboreto collided at the start. Derek Warwick, Satoru Nakajima, Martin Brundle, Christian Danner, Philippe Alliot, René Arnoux and Adrián Campos were all involved in the ensuing crash. Christian Danner [51]
1987 Mexican Grand Prix 30 S Nigel Mansell Crash of Derek Warwick. The race was decided by combining the time from the first 30 laps with the time from the restarted 33. [52]
1988 Portuguese Grand Prix 1 Y Alain Prost After the first start was aborted, the second start was red-flagged after Derek Warwick stalled his car and was hit by Andrea de Cesaris, with Luis Pérez-Sala and Satoru Nakajima also involved. [53]
1989 San Marino Grand Prix 4 S Ayrton Senna Crash of Gerhard Berger. The race was shortened from 61 to 58 laps, and was decided by combining the time from the first 3 laps with the time from the restarted 55. Gerhard Berger (injured) [54]
1989 Mexican Grand Prix 2 Y Ayrton Senna Crash involving several cars. [55]
1989 French Grand Prix 1 Y Alain Prost Crash involving Nigel Mansell, Maurício Gugelmin, Thierry Boutsen, René Arnoux and Jonathan Palmer [56]
1989 Australian Grand Prix 2 Y Thierry Boutsen Crash involving JJ Lehto. Nicola Larini, Alain Prost (withdrew) [57]
1990 Monaco Grand Prix 1 Y Ayrton Senna Crash involving Gerhard Berger and Alain Prost. [58]
1990 Belgian Grand Prix 1 Y Ayrton Senna Multiple crashes on the first lap, involving Martin Donnelly, Nigel Mansell, Aguri Suzuki and several others. Aguri Suzuki [59]
Crash involving Paolo Barilla, resulting in a damaged guardrail. Paolo Barilla [59]
1990 Italian Grand Prix 2 Y Ayrton Senna Crash of Derek Warwick. [60]
1990 Portuguese Grand Prix 61 N Nigel Mansell Crash involving Aguri Suzuki and Alex Caffi. [61]
1991 Australian Grand Prix 14 N Ayrton Senna Rain. Half points were awarded.[b] [62]
1992 French Grand Prix 18 S Nigel Mansell Rain. The race was decided by combining the time from the first 18 laps with the time from the restarted 51. [63]
1994 San Marino Grand Prix 7 S Michael Schumacher Fatal crash of Ayrton Senna. The race was shortened from 61 to 58 laps, and was decided by combining the time from the first 5 laps with the time from the restarted 53. Ayrton Senna (fatal crash), Érik Comas (withdrew) [64]
1994 Italian Grand Prix 1 Y Damon Hill Crash involving several cars. [65]
1994 Japanese Grand Prix 15 S Damon Hill Rain and a crash involving Martin Brundle, resulting in an injured marshal. The race was restarted with race leader Michael Schumacher behind the safety car and was decided by combining the time from the first 13 laps with the time of the restarted 37. Martin Brundle [66]
1995 Argentine Grand Prix 1 Y Damon Hill Several crashes involving Jean Alesi, Mika Salo, Luca Badoer, Olivier Panis, Pierluigi Martini, Johnny Herbert, Rubens Barrichello and Ukyo Katayama. Luca Badoer [67]
1995 Monaco Grand Prix 1 Y Michael Schumacher Crash involving Jean Alesi, Gerhard Berger and David Coulthard. Domenico Schiattarella, Jos Verstappen [68]
1995 Italian Grand Prix 1 Y Johnny Herbert Crash involving Max Papis, Jean-Christophe Boullion, Andrea Montermini, Pedro Diniz and Roberto Moreno. Andrea Montermini and Roberto Moreno. [69]
1995 Portuguese Grand Prix 1 Y David Coulthard Crash involving Ukyo Katayama, Luca Badoer, Pedro Diniz and Roberto Moreno. Ukyo Katayama (crash, injured) and Max Papis (gearbox) [70]
1996 Australian Grand Prix 1 Y Damon Hill Crash involving Martin Brundle, David Coulthard and Johnny Herbert. Johnny Herbert [71]
1997 Brazilian Grand Prix 1 Y Jacques Villeneuve Rubens Barrichello stalled his car at the start, followed by several crashes involving Giancarlo Fisichella, Jacques Villeneuve, Jan Magnussen, Damon Hill, Johnny Herbert and Eddie Irvine. Jan Magnussen [72]
1997 Canadian Grand Prix 56 N Michael Schumacher Crash of Olivier Panis.[e] [73]
1998 Canadian Grand Prix 1 Y Michael Schumacher Crash involving Jean Alesi, Johnny Herbert, Jarno Trulli and Alexander Wurz. [74]
1998 French Grand Prix 1 S Michael Schumacher Improper start procedure after Jos Verstappen stalled his car at the start.[f] [76]
1998 Belgian Grand Prix 1 Y Damon Hill Massive crash involving David Coulthard, Jos Verstappen, Eddie Irvine, Alexander Wurz, Rubens Barrichello, Johnny Herbert, Olivier Panis, Jarno Trulli, Mika Salo, Pedro Diniz, Toranosuke Takagi, Ricardo Rosset and Shinji Nakano. Rubens Barrichello, Ricardo Rosset, Mika Salo and Olivier Panis. [77]
1999 British Grand Prix 1 Y David Coulthard Jacques Villeneuve and Alessandro Zanardi stalled their cars at the start. Michael Schumacher crashed after the red flag was shown. Michael Schumacher (crash, injured) [78]
2000 Monaco Grand Prix 1 Y David Coulthard Initially shown due to a technical fault in the FIA computer. Pedro de la Rosa and Jenson Button collided after the red flag was shown. Pedro de la Rosa [79]
2001 German Grand Prix 2 Y Ralf Schumacher Crash involving Luciano Burti and Michael Schumacher.[e] [80]
2001 Belgian Grand Prix 5 S[g] Michael Schumacher Crash involving Luciano Burti and Eddie Irvine, resulting in a damaged tyre wall.[e] Luciano Burti (crash, injured), Eddie Irvine (crash), Kimi Räikkönen (transmission) and Fernando Alonso (gearbox) [83]
2003 Brazilian Grand Prix 56 N Giancarlo Fisichella[h] Crashes of Mark Webber and Fernando Alonso.[e] [85]
2007 European Grand Prix 5 R Fernando Alonso Torrential rain and crashes involving Jenson Button, Nico Rosberg, Adrian Sutil, Lewis Hamilton, Scott Speed and Vitantonio Liuzzi.[e] Jenson Button, Nico Rosberg, Adrian Sutil, Scott Speed and Vitantonio Liuzzi. [86]
2009 Malaysian Grand Prix 33 N Jenson Button Torrential rain and crashes of Sébastien Buemi, Sebastian Vettel and Giancarlo Fisichella. Half points were awarded.[b][e] [87]
2010 Korean Grand Prix 3 R Fernando Alonso Rain.[e] [88]
2011 Monaco Grand Prix 72 R[i] Sebastian Vettel Crash involving Adrian Sutil, Lewis Hamilton, Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov. Jaime Alguersuari and Vitaly Petrov [90]
2011 Canadian Grand Prix 25 R Jenson Button Rain.[e] [91]
2012 Malaysian Grand Prix 9 R Fernando Alonso Rain.[e] [92]
2013 Monaco Grand Prix 46 R Nico Rosberg Crash involving Pastor Maldonado and Max Chilton, resulting in a damaged barrier blocking the track. Pastor Maldonado [93]
2014 British Grand Prix 1 R Lewis Hamilton Crash involving Kimi Räikkönen, Felipe Massa and Kamui Kobayashi, resulting in a damaged guardrail.[e] Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa [94]
2014 Japanese Grand Prix 2 R[c] Lewis Hamilton Torrential rain as a consequence of Typhoon Phanfone.[e] [95]
46 N Fatal crash of Jules Bianchi.[e]
2016 Australian Grand Prix 18 R Nico Rosberg Crash involving Fernando Alonso and Esteban Gutiérrez.[e] Fernando Alonso (crash, injured), Esteban Gutiérrez (crash) and Rio Haryanto (mechanical problem during red flag period) [96]
2016 Belgian Grand Prix 9 R Nico Rosberg Crash of Kevin Magnussen, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Kevin Magnussen [97]
2016 Brazilian Grand Prix 21 R Lewis Hamilton Rain and crash of Kimi Räikkönen.[e] Jolyon Palmer, Kimi Räikkönen [98]
28 R Rain.[e]
2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix 22 R Daniel Ricciardo Debris on the track following multiple incidents.[e] [99]
2020 Italian Grand Prix 27 R[j] Pierre Gasly Crash of Charles Leclerc, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Charles Leclerc [100]
2020 Tuscan Grand Prix 9 R[j] Lewis Hamilton Crash involving Carlos Sainz Jr., Nicholas Latifi, Kevin Magnussen and Antonio Giovinazzi.[e] Carlos Sainz Jr., Nicholas Latifi, Kevin Magnussen, Antonio Giovinazzi (all crash) and Esteban Ocon (brakes) [101]
46 R[j] Crash of Lance Stroll, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Lance Stroll [102]
2020 Bahrain Grand Prix 1 R[j] Lewis Hamilton Crash of Romain Grosjean. Romain Grosjean (crash, injured) [103]
2021 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix 33 R Max Verstappen Crash involving Valtteri Bottas and George Russell, resulting in debris on the track.[e] Valtteri Bottas, George Russell [104]
2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix 48 R[j] Sergio Pérez Crash of Max Verstappen, resulting in debris on the track.[e] Max Verstappen [105][106]
2021 British Grand Prix 2 R[j] Lewis Hamilton Crash involving Lewis Hamilton and Max Verstappen, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Max Verstappen [107]
2021 Hungarian Grand Prix 2 R[j] Esteban Ocon Crashes involving Valtteri Bottas, Lando Norris, Max Verstappen, Sergio Pérez, Lance Stroll, Daniel Ricciardo and Charles Leclerc, resulting in debris on the track.[e] Valtteri Bottas, Charles Leclerc, Lance Stroll, Sergio Pérez, Lando Norris (all crash) [108]
2021 Belgian Grand Prix 3 N Max Verstappen Rain.[e] Half points were awarded.[b] [109]
2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 13 R[j] Lewis Hamilton Crash of Mick Schumacher, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Mick Schumacher (crash) [110]
15 R[j] Crashes involving Charles Leclerc, Nikita Mazepin, Sergio Pérez and George Russell. Nikita Mazepin, Sergio Pérez and George Russell (all crash)
2022 Monaco Grand Prix 30 S[d] Sergio Pérez Crash of Mick Schumacher, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Mick Schumacher (crash) [111]
2022 British Grand Prix 1 R[j] Carlos Sainz Jr. Crash involving Pierre Gasly, George Russell, Zhou Guanyu, Yuki Tsunoda, Esteban Ocon, Alexander Albon and Sebastian Vettel. George Russell, Zhou Guanyu and Alexander Albon (all crash) [112]
2022 Japanese Grand Prix 2 S[d] Max Verstappen Rain and crash of Carlos Sainz Jr.[e] Carlos Sainz Jr. (crash) and Alexander Albon (collision damage) [113]
2023 Australian Grand Prix 8 R[j] Max Verstappen Crash of Alexander Albon, resulting in gravel on track.[e] Alexander Albon (crash) [114]
55 R[j] Crash of Kevin Magnussen.[e] Kevin Magnussen (crash)
57 R[k] Crashes involving Logan Sargeant, Nyck de Vries, Esteban Ocon and Pierre Gasly. Logan Sargeant, Nyck de Vries, Esteban Ocon and Pierre Gasly (all crash)
2023 Dutch Grand Prix 64 R Max Verstappen Rain and crash of Zhou Guanyu, resulting in a damaged barrier.[l] Zhou Guanyu (crash) [115]
2023 Mexico City Grand Prix 34 R Max Verstappen Crash of Kevin Magnussen, resulting in a damaged barrier.[e] Kevin Magnussen (crash) [116]
2023 São Paulo Grand Prix 2 R Max Verstappen Crash involving Alexander Albon and Kevin Magnussen, resulting in a damaged barrier and debris on the track.[e] Alexander Albon, Kevin Magnussen [117]

Notes

  1. ^ Drivers who had already retired are not listed, only those who failed to make the restart after the red flag incident.
  2. ^ a b c d e f At the time, half points are awarded when a race cannot be restarted and less than 75 per cent of the race distance has been completed.[10]
  3. ^ a b The race was restarted with the intention of completing the originally scheduled distance, which was only prevented by the second red flag.
  4. ^ a b c The race was resumed, but did not cover its scheduled distance as it had a rules imposed time limit.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Race was stopped behind the safety car.
  6. ^ When Jos Verstappen stalled his car on the grid, Race Director Charlie Whiting attempted to abort the start, a procedure that is carried out when a car is stalled before the lights go out. However, the lights went out before he had the chance to do so, and as a result the lights afterwards displayed the standard 5 red lights and 3 amber lights. The race was immediately stopped, but the red flag was not displayed until the cars came to the start/finish line. As is the case when a start is aborted, the race was shortened by one lap as the cars were not refuelled, but Verstappen was allowed to regain his original grid position in 15th.[75]
  7. ^ From the 2000 season, races stopped after two laps but before three-quarters race distance had been completed would be restarted with the cars lining up on the grid in the order they were at the end of the penultimate lap before the lap during which the red flag was shown. Only the race order and number of laps completed were taken into account for the new race, time differences between the cars were voided. The distance of the new race was the number of laps remaining from the original races, minus three laps, with the lap counter also reset to lap one.[81][82]
  8. ^ Kimi Räikkönen was originally awarded the race win, but after an error in the declared results was discovered several days later by race officials, the win was reallocated to Giancarlo Fisichella.[84]
  9. ^ This was the first Grand Prix to be resumed despite 75% of the race distance having been completed, due to a 2005 regulation change that saw the terms "stopping" and "restarting" a race replaced with "suspending" and "resuming". Under the new regulations, regardless of distance completed, all races would be resumed behind the safety car with the cars in the order they were at the time of the red flag, once it was safe to do so. Only in the event that it was not possible to resume the race (including the four-hour rule) would a result be declared from the penultimate lap before the lap during which the red flag was shown.[89]
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The race was resumed under the safety car, which led the field for one official lap, before racing resumed with a standing start.
  11. ^ The race was resumed under the safety car, which led the field for one official lap, before racing finished with a rolling start to the finish line.
  12. ^ Race was stopped under the virtual safety car.

References

  1. ^ "About FIA". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  2. ^ Williamson, Martin. "A brief history of Formula One". ESPN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  3. ^ Hughes, Mark; Tremayne, David (2002). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula 1. Parragon. pp. 82–83. ISBN 0-75258-766-8.
  4. ^ "2020 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 7 April 2020. pp. 3–4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  5. ^ "Flags". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  6. ^ "2007 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  7. ^ a b "The safety car and suspending a race". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  8. ^ "2005 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). pp. 25–26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  9. ^ "2004 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). p. 27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  10. ^ a b "Points". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  11. ^ 2015 Formula One Sporting Regulations. Section 6.5.
  12. ^ 2016 Formula One Sporting Regulations. Section 6.5.
  13. ^ 2017 Formula One Sporting Regulations. Section 6.5.
  14. ^ 2018 Formula One Sporting Regulations. Section 6.5.
  15. ^ "2020 Formula One Sporting Regulations (Issue 8)" (PDF). FIA. 27 May 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  16. ^ "2021 Formula One Sporting Regulations (Issue 5)" (PDF). FIA. 16 December 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  17. ^ Edmondson, Laurence (17 May 2011). "Protest in the park". ESPN. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  18. ^ Visbeen, Marcel (14 August 2007). "Racing towards a fate he never even saw coming". Autosport. Forix. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  19. ^ "1994: Race ace Senna killed in car crash". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
  20. ^ DiZinno, Tony (18 July 2015). "Jules Bianchi dies at age 25, his family confirms". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  21. ^ "Facts and stats: Three champs on top in first-ever race to feature three red flags". Formula1.com. 2 April 2023. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  22. ^ "1971 Canadian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  23. ^ "Peter Revson". 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 7 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  24. ^ Edmondson, Laurence (27 January 1974). "Emo overcomes broken glass and deluge to win in Brazil". ESPN. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  25. ^ "1975 Spanish Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  26. ^ "1975 British Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  27. ^ "1975 Austrian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  28. ^ Medland, Chris (8 July 2011). "Hunt wins, then Lauda wins". ESPN. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  29. ^ "James Hunt's win forgotten as Niki Lauda life hangs in the balance". ESPN. 1 August 1976. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  30. ^ "1978 Austrian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  31. ^ Jenkinson, Denis (September 1978). "1978 Austrian Grand Prix race report". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  32. ^ "First corner carnage claims Peterson's life". ESPN. 10 September 1978. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  33. ^ "Jacques Laffite wins as Ligier makes quick start". ESPN. 21 January 1979. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  34. ^ "1979 Argentine Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  35. ^ "1979 South African Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  36. ^ Jenkinson, Denis (April 1979). "1979 South African Grand Prix race report". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  37. ^ "1980 Canadian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
  38. ^ a b "1981 Belgian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  39. ^ "1981 French Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  40. ^ "1982 USA East Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  41. ^ Jenkinson, Denis (July 1982). "1982 Detroit Grand Prix race report: Watson's incredible comeback". Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  42. ^ "1982 Canadian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  43. ^ "1984 Monaco Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  44. ^ "1984 USA East Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  45. ^ "1984 British Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  46. ^ "1984 Austrian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  47. ^ "1985 Austrian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  48. ^ "Classic F1 – British Grand Prix 1986". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 5 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  49. ^ "Classic Belgian Grand Prix 1987 – Prost wins as Mansell and Senna collide". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  50. ^ a b "1987 Austrian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  51. ^ "1987 Portuguese Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  52. ^ "1987 Mexican Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  53. ^ "1988 Portuguese Grand Prix". Grand Prix. Archived from the original on 7 September 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  54. ^ "1989 San Marino Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  55. ^ "1989 Mexican Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  56. ^ "1989 French Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  57. ^ "1989 Australian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  58. ^ "1990 Monaco Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  59. ^ a b "1990 Belgian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  60. ^ "Classic Italian Grand Prix 1990 – Senna triumphs at Monza". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  61. ^ "1990 Portuguese Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  62. ^ "1991 Australian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  63. ^ "1992 French Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  64. ^ "1994 San Marino Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  65. ^ "1994 Italian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  66. ^ "Classic F1 – Japanese Grand Prix 1994". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  67. ^ "1995 Argentine Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  68. ^ Roebuck, Nigel (1 June 1995). "Monaco GP: Schumacher streets ahead". Autosport. 139 (9): 26.
  69. ^ "Classic F1 – Italian Grand Prix 1995". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  70. ^ "1995 Portuguese Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  71. ^ "Martin Brundle's Melbourne crash". Grandprix.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  72. ^ "Brazilian GP, 1997 Race Report - GP Encyclopedia - F1 History on Grandprix.com". Grandprix.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  73. ^ "1997 Canadian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  74. ^ "Montreal 1998 – Carnage in Canada". Formula 1. 11 June 2005. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  75. ^ "French GP, 1998". GrandPrix.com. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  76. ^ "1998 French Grand Prix". Grand Prix. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  77. ^ Jones, Bruce (1999). The official ITV F1 Sport Grand Prix Guide 1999. Carlton. p. 116.
  78. ^ "1999 British Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  79. ^ "2000 Monaco Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  80. ^ "2001 German Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  81. ^ "2000 FIA Formula One World Championship Sporting Regulations". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 24 January 2000. Archived from the original on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  82. ^ "2004 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  83. ^ "2001 Belgian Grand Prix". Formula 1. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  84. ^ "Fisichella awarded Brazil win". BBC Sport. 11 April 2003. Archived from the original on 21 April 2003. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  85. ^ "Brazilian GP as it happened". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 6 April 2003. Archived from the original on 6 April 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  86. ^ Benson, Andrew (22 July 2007). "Alonso win cuts Hamilton's lead". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 September 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  87. ^ Whyatt, Chris (5 April 2009). "Classy Button wins abandoned race". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 7 April 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  88. ^ Rae, Richard (24 October 2010). "Fernando Alonso wins Korean Grand Prix from Lewis Hamilton". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  89. ^ "2005 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  90. ^ Holt, Sarah (29 May 2011). "Sebastian Vettel triumphs after Monaco drama". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  91. ^ Benson, Andrew (12 June 2011). "Jenson Button wins stunning Canadian Grand Prix". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  92. ^ Benson, Andrew (25 March 2012). "Fernando Alonso wins thrilling Malaysian Grand Prix". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  93. ^ McCourt, Ian (26 May 2013). "F1: Monaco Grand Prix – live!". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
  94. ^ Barretto, Lawrence (6 July 2014). "British Grand Prix Live". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  95. ^ Barretto, Lawrence (5 October 2014). "Japanese Grand Prix Live". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  96. ^ Rose, Gary (20 March 2016). "Australian Grand Prix". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  97. ^ "Video: Re-live the chaotic opening laps of the 2016 Belgian Formula 1 Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps". Fox Sports. Fox Sports Australia. 28 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  98. ^ Strickland, Jamie (13 November 2016). "Brazilian Grand Prix". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  99. ^ Benson, Andrew. "Azerbaijan GP: Sebastian Vettel hits Lewis Hamilton as Daniel Ricciardo wins". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  100. ^ "Gasly beats Sainz to maiden win in Monza thriller, as Hamilton recovers to P7 after penalty". formula1.com. 6 September 2020. Archived from the original on 6 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  101. ^ Ruthven, Graham (14 September 2020). "F1: Tuscan Grand Prix – As It Happened". Eurosport. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  102. ^ Coch, Mat (14 September 2020). "Second red flag halts Tuscan GP as Stroll crashes out". Speedcafe. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  103. ^ Benson, Andrew (29 November 2020). "Lewis Hamilton wins after Romain Grosjean escapes dramatic Bahrain GP fire". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  104. ^ Larkham, Lewis (18 April 2021). "Verstappen wins chaotic Imola F1 race, Hamilton salvages second". Crash. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  105. ^ Alex Kalinauckas (6 June 2021). "Azerbaijan GP: Perez wins after drama for Verstappen, Hamilton". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  106. ^ Rencken, Dieter; Collantine, Keith (6 June 2021). "Why the Azerbaijan GP was stopped for Verstappen's crash but not Stroll's". RaceFans. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  107. ^ Jonathan Noble (18 July 2021). "British GP red-flagged after Hamilton and Verstappen clash". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  108. ^ Luke Smith (1 August 2021). "Hungarian GP red-flagged as Bottas triggers Turn 1 crash". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  109. ^ Luke Smith (29 August 2021). "Belgian GP: Verstappen declared winner after two laps behind SC". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  110. ^ Jonathan Noble (5 December 2021). "Saudi Arabian GP red-flagged twice after early crashes". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
  111. ^ Charles Bradley (29 May 2022). "F1 Grand Prix race results: Sergio Perez wins Monaco GP". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  112. ^ Jonathan Noble (3 July 2022). "Zhou conscious after massive British GP crash". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  113. ^ Luke Smith (9 October 2022). "Japanese GP red-flagged after two laps due to heavy rain". www.motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  114. ^ Andrew Benson (2 April 2023). "Formula 1: Max Verstappen wins delayed Australian GP after three red flags". BBC.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
  115. ^ Filip Cleeren (27 August 2023). "F1 Dutch GP red-flagged after Zhou crashes in downpour". www.motorsport.com. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  116. ^ Filip Cleeren (29 October 2023). "Heavy Magnussen F1 crash causes Mexico GP red flag". www.motorsport.com. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  117. ^ Filip Cleeren (5 November 2023). "F1 Brazilian GP red-flagged after big Albon, Magnussen crash". www.motorsport.com. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

External links

Category