This is a list of universities in the United States classified as research universities in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Research institutions are a subset of doctoral degree-granting institutions and conduct research. These institutions "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2019-20 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures in FY20 were assigned to one of two categories based on a measure of research activity."[1]
History
The 1994 edition of the Carnegie Classification defined Research I universities as those that:
Offer a full range of baccalaureate programs
Are committed to graduate education through the doctorate
Give high priority to research
Award 50 or more doctoral degrees each year
Receive annually $40 million or more in federal support[2]
The Carnegie Foundation reported that 59 institutions met these criteria in 1994.[3]
In their interim 2000 edition of the classification, the Carnegie Foundation renamed the category to Doctoral/research universities-extensive in order to avoid the inference that the categories signify quality differences."[4] The foundation replaced their single classification system with a multiple classification system in their 2005 comprehensive overhaul of the classification framework [4][5] so that the term "Research I university" was no longer valid, though many universities continued to use it.
In 2015, the Carnegie Classification System reinstated the "Research I university" designations along with "Research II" and "Research III." The current system, introduced in 2018, includes the following three categories for doctoral universities:[6]
R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity
R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity
D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities
In the 2018 classification, institutions were classified as either R1 or R2 if they "conferred at least 20 research/scholarship doctorates in 2016-17 and reported at least $5 million in total research expenditures."[6] A "research activity index" was then calculated that included the following measures:
Research & development (R&D) expenditures in science and engineering (S&E)
R&D expenditures in non-S&E fields
S&E research staff (postdoctoral appointees and other non-faculty research staff with doctorates)
Doctoral conferrals in humanities, social science, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, and in other fields (e.g., business, education, public policy, social work)
These four measures were combined using principal component analysis to create two indices of research activity, one representing an aggregate level of research activity and the other representing per-capita research activity. Institutions that were high on both indices were classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[6]
In 2023, it was announced that the Carnegie Classification System would again be revised for the 2025 classifications. R1 institutions will be defined as those that (1) have $50 million USD in research expenditures, and (2) grant 70 research doctorates. Other changes to the classification system include multiple labels to identify institutions, and recognition for non-doctoral universities.[7]
Universities classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"
These universities have a very high level of both research activity and per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements. In other words, these institutions provide a lot of resources for research and have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as the aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively.[9]
^ abcMore specifically Manhattan; all locations on Manhattan Island have a "New York" mailing address.
^FIU has a Miami mailing address, but is located outside the city limits in the Miami-Dade County community of Westchester.
^The main George Mason campus has a Fairfax mailing address, but is located in unincorporated Fairfax County and is designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as George Mason, Virginia.
^The campus has a Buffalo mailing address but is mostly located in the adjacent town of Amherst.
^Mailing address is La Jolla, a San Diego neighborhood with its own post office.
^The campus has a Santa Barbara mailing address but is located in the adjacent community of Isla Vista.
^The main campus has an Orlando mailing address but is located in unincorporated Orange County.
^Legally chartered as a "privately governed, state-assisted" institution.
^The campus is divided between Champaign and Urbana. The main administration building is in Urbana, but multiple university offices are in both cities.
^The campus has a Baltimore mailing address, but is located in Catonsville, an unincorporated community in Baltimore County (which encloses but does not include the city of Baltimore).
^The UNLV campus is outside the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated community of Paradise. All unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, including Paradise, have a Las Vegas mailing address.
Map of institutions
UAB
AU
RPI
UA
UAH
UA
ASU
UA
UCD
UCB
Stanford
UCSC
UCSB
UCLA/USC
UCI
Caltech
UCR
UCSD
CSU
CUB
CUD
DU
Mines
UConn
Yale
GWU/Georgetown
UDel
FIU
FSU
UF
UCF
USF
UMiami
Emory/GA Tech/GSU
UGA
NU
UChicago/UIC
UIUC
IU
Purdue
ND
UIowa
ISU
KU
KSU
UK
U of L
UL
LSU
Tulane
UMaine
JHU
UMBC
UMD
UMass
BC/BU/Harv./MIT/NEU/Tufts
WSU
UMich
Mich. St.
UMN
MU
WUSTL
Ole Miss
USM
MS St.
UM
MT St.
UNL
UNR
UNLV
Dartmouth
UNH
NJIT
Rutgers
Princeton
UNM
UB
Bing.
UAlbany
SBU
Syr.
Cornell
UR
Colum./CUNY/NYU
UNC
NCSU
Duke
NDSU
KSU
OSU
Ohio
UC
CWRU
OU
OK St.
UO
OR St.
Drexel/Penn/TU
CMU/Pitt
PSU
Brown
USC
Clemson
Memphis
UTK
VU
Baylor
Rice
UT
TAMU
UNT
TTU
UH
UTA
UTD
UTEP
UTSA
USU
Utah
ODU
UVA
VT
VCU
GMU
UW
WSU
UW
UWM
WVU
A map of all tier one research universities in the contiguous United States. The University of Hawaii at Manoa is the only R1 institution that is not pictured. Blue dots represent public institutions whereas red dots represent private institutions.
Universities classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity"
These universities have a very high level of either research activity or per capita in such research activity, using aggregate data to determine both measurements, while having a very low level on the other qualification. In other words, these institutions either lack research facilities or do not have a lot of people conducting research at their respective institution. These two classifications can be seen as the aggregate supply and demand for research, respectively.[9]
^ abc"New York" is the U.S. Postal Service designation for the New York City borough of Manhattan.
^The Indiana University and Purdue University systems will dissolve IUPUI at the end of the 2023–24 academic year. The vast majority of IUPUI academic programs will transfer to the new Indiana University Indianapolis, with some programs becoming part of the new Purdue University in Indianapolis.
^The campus has a Kennesaw mailing address but is located in unincorporated Cobb County.
^The main Oakland campus has a Rochester mailing address, but is divided between the separate cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills.
^RIT has a Rochester mailing address, but is located in the nearby town of Henrietta.
^SMU has a Dallas mailing address but is located in University Park, a separate city contained within the Dallas city limits.
^The campus has a Princess Anne mailing address but is located in unincorporated Somerset County.
^UTRGV's overall administration is in Edinburg, but it operates multiple campuses within the Lower Rio Grande Valley, and has mailing addresses in Brownsville, Edinburg, and Harlingen.
^Wright State has a Dayton mailing address but is located in the separate city of Fairborn.
Map of institutions
USA
UALR
ASU
NAU
APU
CSUEB
CSU Fullerton
CSU Fresno
CSULB
CSUSB
CU
LLU
CGU
LMU
SDSU
SFSU
UC Merced
USD
UCCS
AU
CUA
HU
FAMU
FAU
NSU
FIT
UNF
CAU
GSU
KSU
MU
Augusta
BSU
ISU
U of I
DU
IIT
ISU
LUC
NIU
SIU-C
BSU
IUPUI
WSU
LA Tech
SU A&M
UNO
UMass D
CU
UMass B
UMass L
WPI
MSU
UMES
UNE
OU
CMU
EMU
MTU
WMU
MO S+T
SLU
UMKC
UMSL
JSU
ECU
NC A&T
UNCC
UNCG
UNCW
WFU
UND
CU
UNO
MSU
RU
RUN
RUC
SHU
SIT
NMSU
CU
CCNY
FU
LIU
RIT
SUNY ESF
Teachers
New School
AFIT
BGSU
CSU
WSU
MU
UT
UA
UD
UT
PDX
IUP
LU
TJU
VU
WCU
DU
URI
SDSU
USD
ETSU
MTSU
TSU
TTU
PV A&M
SHSU
SMU
TSU
TAMU CC
TAMU K
TCU
TXSO
TXST
UTT
UTRGV
BYU
W&M
JMU
UVM
MU
MU
Wyo
A map of all tier two research universities in the contiguous United States. Not shown above is ASU Digital Immersion, Alaska, and UPR Rio Piedras. Blue dots represent public institutions whereas red dots represent private institutions.
Universities classified as "Special Focus – Research Institutions"
There are 23 institutions that are classified as "Special Focus – Research Institutions" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as of the 2021 update.
This new category has the same threshold for inclusion as R1 and R2 schools do (At least twenty research doctorates awarded and five million dollars in research expenditures), but unlike R1 and R2 schools, they only award degrees in a single academic area.[11]
A map of all special focus research universities in the contiguous United States. Blue dots represent public institutions whereas red dots represent private institutions.