Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially medicine, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture as well as physics, economics, engineering and optics.[1][2][3][4][5]

Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization in the Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century) include:

Astronomers and astrologers

Physiologists

Further information: Psychology in the medieval Islamic world

Chemists and alchemists

Further information: Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world

Economists and social scientists

Further information: History of Islamic economics

See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam

Geographers and earth scientists

Further information: Arab Agricultural Revolution

Mathematicians

Further information: Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world

Philosophers

Further information: List of Muslim philosophers

Physicists and engineers

Further information: Physics in the medieval Islamic world

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Saliba, George. 1994. A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-8023-7. pp. 245, 250, 256–57.
  2. ^ King, David A. (1983). "The Astronomy of the Mamluks". Isis. 74 (4): 531–55. doi:10.1086/353360. S2CID 144315162.
  3. ^ Hassan, Ahmad Y. 1996. "Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century." Pp. 351–99 in Islam and the Challenge of Modernity, edited by S. S. Al-Attas. Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  4. ^ "Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise" (PDF).
  5. ^ "The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world". TheGuardian.com. February 2010.
  6. ^ Haque 2004, p. 375.
  7. ^ Saoud 2004.
  8. ^ Haque 2004, p. 361.
  9. ^ Deuraseh & Abu Talib 2005.
  10. ^ Haque 2004, p. 362.
  11. ^ Haque 2004, p. 363.
  12. ^ a b c Martin-Araguz et al. 2002.
  13. ^ Khaleefa 1999.
  14. ^ Iqbal 1934.
  15. ^ Safavi-Abbasi, Brasiliense & Workman 2007.
  16. ^ Nasr & Leaman 1996.
  17. ^ Russell 1994.
  18. ^ Rosenthal 1950, p. 559.
  19. ^ a b c Ahmed 1984.
  20. ^ Khan 2000.
  21. ^ Ahmed 2002.
  22. ^ a b c Mowlana 2001.
  23. ^ Abdalla 2007.
  24. ^ Ahmed 1999.
  25. ^ a b Akhtar 1997.
  26. ^ Oweiss 1988.
  27. ^ Boulakia 1971.
  28. ^ "Mas'udi, al-". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.
  29. ^ Gari 2002.
  30. ^ Gandz 1936.
  31. ^ Nanisetti 2006.
  32. ^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
  33. ^ Al Deek 2004.
  34. ^ Thiele 2005.
  35. ^ Rozhanskaya & Levinova 1996.

References

Categories