This is a list of Spanish ships of the line (comprising the battlefleet) built or acquired during the period 1640-1854:
Those with 94 or more guns were three-deckers, while all the others listed were two-deckers. The Spanish term for ships of the line was navíos, but during the latter part of the Habsburg era (until 1700) ships continued to be designated as galeón. Those ships with secular names (e.g. royal, geographical or adjectival names) were additionally given an official religious name (or advocación) which appears below in parentheses following the secular name.
Until 1716 there was not one single Spanish Navy but several naval forces, of which the Armada del Mar Océano was the primary one but several other distinct forces existed. The Real Armada ("Royal Navy") was created by the newly-established Bourbon government in 1716, but the other armadas (in Spanish, the word "armada" is used for both "navy" and "fleet") endured for several years thereafter. During the early 1750s, the term Real Armada was replaced by Armada Española.
The English phase - 1751 to 1769
Note that surviving 68-gun ships were re-rated as 70 guns in 1770 and as 74-gun ships in October 1793.
This era commenced with the recruitment of British leading shipwrights who became the principal builders at the Naval Dockyards.
- Experimental group
- Fernando (Santa Bárbara) 64 (launched 8 September 1751 at Ferrol) - Wrecked 3 January 1769
- Septentrión (San Hermenegildo) 64 (launched 26 December 1751 at Cartagena) - Wrecked 1783
- Asia 64 (launched 17 March 1752 at Ferrol) - Scuttled 11 June 1762 at Havana
- África 68 (launched 20 November 1752 at Cadiz) - stricken 8 August 1806 and BU 1809
- Firme class both ordered May 1752 at Cadiz (Carraca Dyd), 68 guns
- Firme (San Zenón) 68 (launched 22 June 1754 at Cadiz) - Captured by Britain 22 July 1805, retaining same name, BU 1814
- Aquiles (San Ramón) 68 (launched 5 September 1754 at Cadiz) - Stricken 7 August 1790
- España 58 (launched 1 June 1757 at Cádiz) - Stricken to BU 12 December 1807
- Eolo class all ordered 1752 at Ferrol (Esteiro Dyd), 68 guns
- Oriente (San Diego de Alcala) 68 (launched 15 August 1753 at Ferrol) - Stricken 27 September 1806
- Eolo (San Juan de Dios) 68 (launched 28 August 1753 at Ferrol) - Stricken 20 March 1864
- Aquilón (San Dámaso) 68 (launched 10 March 1754 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain 11 August 1762, retaining same name, later renamed HMS Moro, BU 1770
- Neptuno (San Justo) 68 (launched 6 July 1754 at Ferrol) - Scuttled 11 August 1762
- Magnánimo (San Pastor) 68 (launched 30 November 1754 at Ferrol) - Wrecked 12 July 1794
- Gallardo (San Juan de Sahagún) 68 (launched 18 October 1754 at Ferrol) - Scuttled 16 February 1797
- Brillante (San Dionisio) 68 (launched 20 August 1754 at Ferrol) - Burnt 10 October 1790
- Vencedor (San Julian) 68 (launched 11 June 1755 at Ferrol) - transferred to France 1806, renamed Argonaute, captured by Spain 1808, renamed Vencedor, wrecked 1810
- Glorioso (San Francisco Javier) 74 (launched 29 January 1755 at Ferrol) - stricken 5 May 1818 to BU
- Guerrero (San Raimundo) 68 (launched 27 March 1755 at Ferrol) - BU 1844
- Soberano (San Gregorio) 68 (launched 9 August 1755 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain at Havana on 14 August 1762, retaining same name, BU 1770
- Héctor (San Bernardo) 68 (launched 22 September 1755 at Ferrol) - stricken 11 June 1768 and BU 1790
- Serio class, first four ordered April 1752 at Guarnizo; four more ordered there in March 1753, but the final pair (Diligente and Dominante) were cancelled in 1754.
- Serio (San Víctor) 68 (launched December 1753 at Guarnizo) - BU 1805
- Poderoso (San Pantaleón) 68 (launched January 1754 at Guarnizo) - Burnt 27 August 1779
- Soberbio (San Bonifacio) 68 (launched March 1754 at Guarnizo) - Stricken 23 June 1764
- Arrogante (San Antonio de Padua) 68 (launched March 1754 at Guarnizo) - Scuttled 16 February 1797
- Hércules 68 (launched late 1754 or early 1755 at Guarnizo) - stricken 4 July 1761
- Contento 68 (launched January 1755 at Guarnizo) - stricken 6 October 1761
- Tridente 64 (launched 15 July 1754 at Cartagena) - Stricken 1771
- Terrible class, both ordered March 1752 at Cartagena, 68 guns
- Terrible (San Pablo Apóstol) 68 (launched 10 November 1754 at Cartagena) - Stricken 1811
- Atlante (San José) 68 (launched 21 December 1754 at Cartagena) - transferred to France 22 September 1801, renamed Atlas 1803, captured by Spain 1808, same name, BU 1817
- Arrogante 68 (-) - Burnt on stocks at Ferrol, 1754
- Triunfante class all ordered 1753-54 at Ferrol (Esteiro Dyd), 68 guns
- Triunfante 68 (launched 1 February 1756 at Ferrol) - Wrecked 5 January 1795
- Dichoso 68 (launched 18 March 1756 at Ferrol) - Stricken 15 October 1784
- Monarca 68 (launched 13 June 1756 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape Santa Maria, 1780, retaining same name, sold 1791
- Diligente 68 (launched 25 September 1756 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape Santa Maria, 1780, renamed HMS Diligence, BU 1784
- Peruano 50 (launched 1757 at Guayaquil) - Sold 26 January1790
- Campeón 60 (launched 27 January 1758 at Ferrol) - Hulked 1778, BU 1824
- Conquistador 60 (launched 29 July 1758 at Cádiz) - Captured by Britain 11 August 1762, retaining same name, stricken 1782
- Astuto (San Eustaquio) 58/60 (launched 10 April 1759 at Havana) - BU 1810
- Príncipe Class 68 guns, later 70. Ordered 1757 as replacements for the cancelled Serio class ships.
- Príncipe (San Mateo) 68 (launched 23 December 1759 at Guarnizo) - Sold 15 May 1776
- Victorioso (Nuestra Señora de la Concepción) 68 (launched early 1760 at Guarnizo) - Sold 15 May 1776
- San Carlos Class, 80 guns
- San Carlos 80 (-) - Destroyed on stocks at Havana, 1762
- Santiago 80 (-) - Destroyed on stocks at Havana, 1762
- Buen Consejo 60 (purchased 18 November 1761 at Genoa) - stricken 8 July 1762
- San Genaro 60 (launched 27 October 1761 at Havana) - Captured by Britain at Havana on 14 August 1762, retaining same name, lost 1763
- San Antonio 60 (launched 17 December 1761 at Havana) - Captured by Britain at Havana on 14 August 1762, retaining same name, sold 1775
- Velasco class all ordered 1762-64 at Cartagena, 68/70 guns
- Velasco 68/70 (launched 18 August 1764 at Cartagena) - stricken 4 September 1796
- San Genaro 68/70 (launched 23 December 1765 at Cartagena) - transferred to France on 24 July 1801, renamed Ulysse, later renamed Tourville, stricken 1822
- Santa Isabel 70 (launched 30 April 1767 at Cartagena) - BU 1803
- San Vicente Ferrer Class 80 guns.
- San Vicente Ferrer 80 (launched 23 April 1768 at Cartagena) - Scuttled 16 February 1797
- San Nicolás Bari 80 (launched 5 April 1769 at Cartagena) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape St Vincent, 14 February 1797, renamed HMS San Nicholas, sold 1814
- San Rafael 80 (-) - Destroyed by fire on stocks at Havana 1769
- San Carlos class. Built (all at Havana) as 80-gun warships, with a length of 197 Burgos feet (180 British feet), these ships were later reconstructed as 94-gun warships, (and in the case of the San Carlos, subsequently rebuilt as a three-decker of 112 guns.
- San Carlos 80-gun (launched 30 April 1765) - Converted to 112-gun three-decker in 1801, BU 1819[citation needed]
- San Fernando 80 (launched 29 July 1765) - Stricken 8 October 1813 and sold 1815
- San Luis 80 (launched 30 September 1767) - Stricken 4 August 1789 and BU
- América (or Santiago) 64 (launched 7 August 1766 at Havana) - BU 1823
- San Juan Nepomuceno class all ordered 1763 at Guarnizo (built by contract with Manuel de Zubiria dated 20 September 1763), 70 guns
- San Isidro class both ordered 1766 at Ferrol (Esteiro Dyd), 70 guns
- San Isidro 70 (launched 2 May 1768 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape St Vincent, 14 February 1797, sold 1814
- San Julián 70 (launched 10 December 1768 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain and recaptured at the Battle of Cape Santa Maria, 1780, wrecked 1780
- San Francisco de Paula class ordered 1766 at Havana, 70 guns
- San Francisco de Paula 70 (launched 12 January 1769 at Havana) - Burned 1784
- San José 70 (launched 14 December 1769 at Havana) - Wrecked 8 April 1780
- San Rafael 80 (launched 8 August 1771 at Havana) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape Finisterre, 22 July 1805, retaining same name, sold 1810
- Nuestra Señora de la Santísima Trinidad 112, later 120 (1769) - Converted to 130-gun 4-decker in 1796, raised to 136 in 1805, captured by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar, 1805, sank the next day[5]
The Second French phase - 1770 to 1783
- San Pedro Apóstol class 68/70 guns
- San Pedro Apóstol 70 (launched 31 December 1770 at Ferrol) - Stricken 1801
- San Pablo 70 (launched 15 March 1771 at Ferrol) - Renamed Soberano 1814, BU January 1856
- San Gabriel 70 (launched 5 March 1772 at Ferrol) - Stricken 10 August 1909
- San Joaquín class
- San Joaquín (originally begun as San Pedro de Alcántara) 70 (launched 14 June 1771 at Cartagena) - BU 1817
- San Juan Bautista 70 (launched 1 August 1772 at Cartagena) - Stricken 5 April 1809
- Ángel de la Guarda 70 (launched 18 September 1773 at Cartagena) - BU 1810
- San Dámaso 70 (launched 30 March 1776 at Cartagena) - Scuttled 16 February 1797, captured by Britain and refloated, sold 1814
- San Justo 74 (launched 11 November 1779 at Cartagena) - BU 1824[6] or 1828
- San Miguel 70 (launched 6 January 1774 at Havana) - Stranded and captured by Britain 11 October 1782, retaining same name, sold 1791
- San Ramón 68 (launched 6 April 1775 at Havana) - Aground in storm and burnt by the French 1810
- San Eugenio 80 (launched 29 June 1775 at Ferrol) - BU 1804
- San Isidoro 64 (ex-Neapolitan, transferred 1776) - Wrecked 26 October 1794
- San Leandro 64 (ex-Neapolitan, transferred 1776) - Sold 1784
- Purísima Concepción class 112 guns
- Purísima Concepción 112 (launched 24 December 1779 at Ferrol) - Wrecked in storm 9 March 1810 and burnt by the French
- San José 112 (launched 30 June 1783 at Ferrol) - Captured by Britain at the Battle of Cape St Vincent, 14 February 1797, renamed HMS San Josef, BU 1849
- Miño 54 (launched 1 February 1779 at Ferrol) - BU 1814
- Castilla (or San Félix) 64 (launched 1 February 1779 at Ferrol) - Aground in storm & burnt by the French 1810
- Santo Domingo Class 60 guns
- Santo Domingo 60 (launched 26 January 1781 at Ferrol) - BU 1807
- San Felipe Apóstol 60 (launched 22 June 1781 at Ferrol) - Sold to the Netherlands on 8 July 1794, renamed Overijssel, captured by Britain 1795, retaining same name, sold 1822
- San Julián 60 (launched 31 August 1781 at Cartagena) - BU 1830
- San Fermín Class 74 guns
- San Fermín 74 (launched 29 March 1782 at Pasajes) - BU 1808
- San Sebastián 74 (launched 16 May 1783 at Pasajes) - transferred to France in May 1799, renamed Alliance, stricken 1807
[Note that the Guipuzcoano 64 - captured by the United Kingdom in 1780 and renamed Prince William - was a private ship of the Real Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas, and was not part of the Spanish Navy.]
The Final phase - 1808 to 1854
Spain completed no further ships of the line after 1796 for more than half a century, although three ships were under construction in Ferrol and Havana at the time of the French occupation (work on them ceased and they were all broken up on the stocks), and five 74-gun ships were acquired from Russia in February 1818, although these were in poor condition and were quickly taken to pieces without seeing any service. Finally, two 86-gun ships were ordered in 1850 and laid down on 19 November and 2 December 1850 respectively.
- España 74 (launched 1811 at Arkhangelsk, ex-Russian Nord-Adler, sold to Spain 1818) - Stricken 1821
- Alejandro I 74 (launched 1813 at Arkhangelsk, ex-Russian Drezden, sold to Spain 1818) - Stricken 1823
- Numancia 74 (launched 1813 at Arkhangelsk, ex-Russian Liubek, sold to Spain 1818) - BU 1823
- Velasco 74 (launched 1810 at St Petersburg, ex-Russian Tri Sviatitelei, sold to Spain 1818) - Stricken 1821
- Fernando VII 74 (launched 1812 at St Petersburg, ex-Russian Neptunus, sold to Spain 1818) - Stricken 1823
- Reina Doña Isabel II 86 (launched 13 October 1852 at Carraca) - stricken 18 July 1867 but still extant 1885, BU
- Rey Don Francisco de Asís 86 (launched 18 September 1854 at Ferrol) - Decommissioned 1876, BU