Map of the European countries by HDI value in 2021 (includes transcontinental countries).
Very high HDI
  ≥ 0.920
  0.890–0.919
  0.850–0.889
  0.800–0.849
High HDI
  < 0.800

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is a standard means of measuring well-being. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, all European countries fall into the very high or high human development category.

List

The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI)[1] for countries in Europe as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released in 2020).[2][3] Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in Table 2 of the Statistical Annex of the Human Development Report.[4]

Countries that are not entirely located in Europe are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Monaco and Vatican City are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme. Kosovo is also not included.

List of European countries by Human Development Index
Rank Country Human Development Index (HDI)
Region World HDI 2021[2] HDI 2020[3] Change in HDI
value 2020–21
Very High Human Development
1 1  Switzerland 0.962 0.956 Increase 0.006
2 2  Norway 0.961 0.959 Increase 0.002
3 3  Iceland 0.959 0.957 Increase 0.002
4 6  Denmark 0.948 0.947 Increase 0.001
5 7  Sweden 0.947 0.942 Increase 0.005
6 8  Ireland 0.945 0.943 Increase 0.002
7 9  Germany 0.942 0.944 Decrease 0.002
8 10  Netherlands 0.941 0.939 Increase 0.002
9 11  Finland 0.940 0.938 Increase 0.002
10 13  Belgium 0.937 0.928 Increase 0.009
11 16  Liechtenstein 0.935 0.933 Increase 0.002
12 17  Luxembourg 0.930 0.924 Increase 0.006
13 18  United Kingdom 0.929 0.924 Increase 0.005
14 23  Malta 0.918 0.911 Increase 0.007
 Slovenia 0.913 Increase 0.005
16 25  Austria 0.916 0.913 Increase 0.003
17 27  Spain 0.905 0.899 Increase 0.006
18 28  France 0.903 0.898 Increase 0.005
19 29  Cyprus[N 1] 0.896 0.894 Increase 0.002
20 30  Italy 0.895 0.889 Increase 0.006
21 31  Estonia 0.890 0.892 Decrease 0.002
22 32  Czech Republic 0.889 0.892 Decrease 0.003
23 33  Greece 0.887 0.886 Increase 0.001
24 34  Poland 0.876 0.876 Steady
25 35  Lithuania 0.875 0.879 Increase 0.004
26 38  Portugal 0.866 0.863 Increase 0.003
27 39  Latvia 0.863 0.871 0.008
28 40  Andorra 0.858 0.848 Increase 0.010
 Croatia 0.855 Increase 0.003
30 44  San Marino 0.853 0.845 Increase 0.008
31 45  Slovakia 0.848 0.857 Decrease 0.009
32 46  Hungary 0.846 0.849 Decrease 0.003
33 48  Turkey[N 2] 0.838 0.833 Increase 0.005
34 49  Montenegro 0.832 0.826 Increase 0.006
35 52  Russia[N 3] 0.822 0.830 Decrease 0.008
36 53  Romania 0.821 0.824 Decrease 0.003
37 56  Kazakhstan[N 4] 0.811 0.814 Decrease 0.003
38 60  Belarus 0.808 0.807 Increase 0.001
39 63  Georgia[N 5] 0.802 0.802 Steady
 Serbia 0.804 Decrease 0.002
High Human Development
41 67  Albania 0.796 0.794 Increase 0.002
42 68  Bulgaria 0.795 0.802 Decrease 0.007
43 74  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.780 0.781 Decrease 0.001
44 77  Ukraine 0.773 0.775 Decrease 0.002
45 78  North Macedonia 0.770 0.774 Decrease 0.004
46 80  Moldova 0.767 0.766 Increase 0.001
47 85  Armenia[N 6] 0.759 0.757 Increase 0.002
48 91  Azerbaijan[N 7] 0.745 0.730 Increase 0.015

Map

This is the map of the list of European countries by the Human Development Index for the year 2021.[2] The colour indicators are as follows:   High Human Development and   Very High Human Development.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Geographically, Cyprus is generally included in Western Asia or the Middle East, but it has been historically and culturally a European country.
  2. ^ The European portion of Turkey comprises 3% of the country, making it a transcontinental country.
  3. ^ Geographically, the majority of Russia lies in North Asia, but Russia is culturally and ethnically a part of Europe. European Russia is home to 78% of Russia's total population, but covers less than 25% of Russia's total land area.
  4. ^ Kazakhstan is mainly located in Central Asia with a small portion west of the Ural River located in Eastern Europe.
  5. ^ Generally, the Greater Caucasus separates Europe from Asia, putting Georgia mostly in Western Asia, and only a small part in Europe. Some other definitions place the whole Caucasus region, including Georgia, in Eastern Europe instead.
  6. ^ Armenia is sometimes considered a European country. Geographically, it is considered an Asian country. By physiographic criteria, Armenia integrates Asia, but the country has political, historical and cultural ties with Europe.
  7. ^ Geographically, Azerbaijan is located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

References

  1. ^ "Table 1: Human Development Index (HDI) and its components".
  2. ^ a b c Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2015".
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