The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres in altitude – the two grey-shaded regions.

This is a list of space travellers by first flight. The table is listed in chronological order from the date of first flight. The table adheres to a common definition of a space traveller; the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the FAI-defined Kármán line. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. Personnel who qualify only for the United States Astronaut Badge, awarded to those who achieve an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 264,000 ft), are listed at the X-15's highest flights and the VSS Unity test flights.

Space travellers

Table parameters

Legend
Italics Sub-orbital spaceflights that crossed 100 km (62 mi).
◉ After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight.
△ After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing.
▲ After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon.
‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1]
† After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1]
⊗ After the name, denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended[nb 2] to cross 100 km (62 mi), but failed to do so.
Linked country In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass 100 km (62 mi).[nb 3]
Unlinked name Subsequent table entry for a space traveller who made or attempted a previous spaceflight.[nb 4]

All entries are dated from launch time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which on occasion is one day earlier than the local date of launches from sites in the Eastern Hemisphere such as Baikonur and one day later than the local date of launches from sites in the Western Hemisphere such as Cape Canaveral.

As a rule, dual nationals fly under a single flag when flying as professional spacecrew and/or when flying on government-operated spacecraft, and this is the flag they are listed under in the table. For the spaceflights of dual nationals who are private citizens flying on commercial spacecraft as ordinary passengers, the flags displayed are those of their countries of birth, unless the space traveller did not hold citizenship of that country and/or otherwise made clear (s)he intended to represent a different nationality.

Table

Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space and in orbit.
Alan Shepard, the first American and the second person in space.
Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman and 12th person in space.
Alexei Leonov, joint 17th in space and first to perform an EVA.
John Young, 19th person in space, first to fly solo around the Moon and first to command a Space Shuttle.
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Vladimir Komarov, joint 14th person and first to die during spaceflight (during Soyuz 1).
Neil Armstrong, joint 26th person in space and first to set foot on the Moon
Harrison Schmitt, joint 59th person in space. The most recent person and first geologist to have arrived on the Moon
Vladimír Remek, 88th person in space and the first from a country other than the US or the Soviet Union
Sigmund Jähn, 91st person in space and the first German
Phạm Tuân, 97th person in space, and the first from an Asian country (Vietnam)
Story Musgrave, joint 116th person in space and the only person to have flown on all five NASA Space Shuttles.
Sally Ride, joint 120th person and the first American woman in space
Guion Bluford, joint 125th person and the first African American in space
Bruce McCandless, joint 133rd person in space and the first to perform an untethered EVA
Rakesh Sharma, 139th person and the first Indian in space
Anna Lee Fisher, joint 155th person and the first mother in space
Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, joint 170th person, first royal, and first Saudi Arabian in space.
Rodolfo Neri Vela, joint 192nd and first Mexican in space
Muhammed Faris, joint 202nd and first Syrian in space
Anatoly Solovyev, joint 206th person in space and the person to have the most time in EVA, as of 2014
Sergei Krikalev, 210th person and the person to have spent the most total time in space, as of 2014
William Shepherd, joint 211th person in space and the first commander of the ISS
Toyohiro Akiyama, joint 239th person and the first journalist and the first Japanese in space on the first commercially organized spaceflight.
Helen Sharman, joint 249th and first British astronaut
Dirk Frimout, joint 268th and first Belgian to go into space
Franco Malerba, joint 277th and first Italian to go into space
Claude Nicollier, joint 277th and first Swiss to go into space
Mae Jemison, joint 280th person and first African American woman to go into space
Susan Helms, joint 286th person in space and first woman to serve on board the ISS
Yuri Malenchenko, joint 309th person in space and first to marry in space
Chiaki Mukai, joint 311th person and first Japanese woman in space
Yelena Kondakova, 318th person in space and first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight
Eileen Collins, the 322nd person in space, first female commander and first female pilot of a Space Shuttle
Koichi Wakata, joint 339th person in space and first Japanese commander of the ISS
Kalpana Chawla, joint 366th person, first Indian American astronaut and first Indian woman in space
Pedro Duque, 384th person in space and first Spanish national
Ivan Bella, 386th person and first Slovak in space
Scott Kelly, 391st person and first of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Dennis Tito, the 404th person in space and the first space tourist
Mark Kelly, the 409th person in space, and the second of the first identical twin brothers to go into space
Mark Shuttleworth, 416th person in space and the first from an independent African country (South Africa)
Yang Liwei, the 432nd person in space and the first of the Chinese space program
Mike Melvill, the 435th person in space and the first commercial astronaut of a privately flown and funded spaceflight
Marcos Pontes, the 443th person and the first Brazilian in space
Anousheh Ansari, the 449th person in space, first female space tourist and the first Iranian in space
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, joint 464th person and the first person from Malaysia to go into space
Yi So-yeon, joint 475th person and the first Korean in space
Richard Garriott, 486th person in space and first spacefaring son of an earlier astronaut (Owen Garriott).
Guy Laliberté, joint 506th person in space and the first Canadian space tourist
Luca Parmitano, 532nd person in space and first Italian to be commander of an ISS expedition. He has been the youngest astronaut to undertake a long-duration mission. He is the first astronaut from Sicily
Samantha Cristoforetti, 541st person in space, who has performed the longest single spaceflight by a woman, as of 2015
Andreas Mogensen, joint 544th person and the first Dane in space
Aidyn Aimbetov, joint 544th person and the first solely Kazakh cosmonaut
Hazza Al Mansouri, joint 564th person and the first in space from the UAE
Jeff Bezos, joint 571st person and the founder of spaceflight company Blue Origin
Sian Proctor, joint 575th person and first female commercial astronaut spaceship pilot
Yulia Peresild, joint 579th person and the first professional actress to perform in space
Robert Hines, joint 608th person in space
Jessica Watkins, joint 608th person in space and first black woman to join a long-term mission to the International Space Station
# Name Nationality Date Flight Ref.
1 Yuri Gagarin  Soviet Union 12 April 1961 Vostok 1 [1][2][nb 5][nb 6]
2 Alan Shepard ◉▲  United States 5 May 1961 Freedom 7 [5][6]
3 Virgil Grissom ◉  United States 21 July 1961 Liberty Bell 7 [7][8]
4 Gherman Titov  Soviet Union 6 August 1961 Vostok 2 [9]
5 John Glenn  United States 20 February 1962 Friendship 7 [10][11]
6 Scott Carpenter  United States 24 May 1962 Aurora 7 [12]
7 Andriyan Nikolayev  Soviet Union 11 August 1962 Vostok 3 [13][14]
8 Pavel Popovich  Soviet Union 12 August 1962 Vostok 4 [13][15]
9 Walter Schirra  United States 3 October 1962 Sigma 7 [16]
10 Gordon Cooper  United States 15 May 1963 Faith 7 [17]
11 Valery Bykovsky  Soviet Union 14 June 1963 Vostok 5 [18]
12 Valentina Tereshkova  Soviet Union 16 June 1963 Vostok 6 [19]
13 Joseph Walker  United States 19 July 1963 X-15 Flight 90 [20]
14 Konstantin Feoktistov  Soviet Union 12 October 1964 Voskhod 1 [21]
Vladimir Komarov †  Soviet Union [21][nb 7]
Boris Yegorov  Soviet Union [21]
17 Pavel Belyayev  Soviet Union 18 March 1965 Voskhod 2 [22]
Alexei Leonov  Soviet Union
19 John Young △▲  United States 23 March 1965 Gemini 3 [23]
20 James McDivitt  United States 3 June 1965 Gemini 4 [24]
Edward White  United States
22 Pete Conrad ▲  United States 21 August 1965 Gemini 5 [25]
23 Frank Borman △  United States 4 December 1965 Gemini 7 [26]
James Lovell △△  United States
25 Thomas Stafford △  United States 15 December 1965 Gemini 6A [27]
26 Neil Armstrong ▲  United States 16 March 1966 Gemini 8 [28]
David Scott ▲  United States
28 Eugene Cernan △▲  United States 3 June 1966 Gemini 9A [29]
29 Michael Collins △  United States 18 July 1966 Gemini 10 [30]
30 Richard Gordon △  United States 12 September 1966 Gemini 11 [31]
31 Edwin Aldrin ▲  United States 11 November 1966 Gemini 12 [32]
32 Walter Cunningham  United States 11 October 1968 Apollo 7 [33]
Donn Eisele  United States
34 Georgy Beregovoy  Soviet Union 26 October 1968 Soyuz 3 [34]
35 William Anders △  United States 21 December 1968 Apollo 8 [35]
36 Vladimir Shatalov  Soviet Union 14 January 1969 Soyuz 4 [36]
37 Yevgeny Khrunov  Soviet Union 15 January 1969 Soyuz 5 [37]
Boris Volynov  Soviet Union
Aleksei Yeliseyev  Soviet Union
40 Russell Schweickart  United States 3 March 1969 Apollo 9 [38]
41 Valeri Kubasov  Soviet Union 11 October 1969 Soyuz 6 [39]
Georgy Shonin  Soviet Union
43 Anatoly Filipchenko  Soviet Union 12 October 1969 Soyuz 7 [40]
Viktor Gorbatko  Soviet Union
Vladislav Volkov †  Soviet Union [40][nb 8]
46 Alan Bean ▲  United States 14 November 1969 Apollo 12 [41]
47 Fred Haise △  United States 11 April 1970 Apollo 13 [42]
Jack Swigert △  United States
49 Vitaly Sevastyanov  Soviet Union 1 June 1970 Soyuz 9 [43]
50 Edgar Mitchell ▲  United States 31 January 1971 Apollo 14 [44]
Stuart Roosa △  United States
52 Nikolay Rukavishnikov  Soviet Union 22 April 1971 Soyuz 10 [45]
53 Georgy Dobrovolsky ‡  Soviet Union 6 June 1971 Soyuz 11 [46][nb 8]
Viktor Patsayev ‡  Soviet Union
55 James Irwin ▲  United States 26 July 1971 Apollo 15 [47]
Alfred Worden △  United States
57 Charles Duke ▲  United States 16 April 1972 Apollo 16 [48]
Ken Mattingly △  United States
59 Ronald Evans △  United States 7 December 1972 Apollo 17 [49]
Harrison Schmitt ▲  United States
61 Joseph Kerwin  United States 25 May 1973 Skylab 2 [50]
Paul Weitz  United States
63 Owen Garriott  United States 28 July 1973 Skylab 3 [51]
Jack Lousma  United States
65 Vasily Lazarev  Soviet Union 27 September 1973 Soyuz 12 [52]
Oleg Makarov  Soviet Union
67 Gerald Carr  United States 16 November 1973 Skylab 4 [53]
Edward Gibson  United States
William Pogue  United States
70 Pyotr Klimuk  Soviet Union 18 December 1973 Soyuz 13 [54]
Valentin Lebedev  Soviet Union
72 Yury Artyukhin  Soviet Union 3 July 1974 Soyuz 14 [55]
73 Lev Dyomin  Soviet Union 26 August 1974 Soyuz 15 [56]
Gennadi Sarafanov  Soviet Union
75 Georgy Grechko  Soviet Union 10 January 1975 Soyuz 17 [57]
Aleksei Gubarev  Soviet Union
77 Vance Brand  United States 15 July 1975 ASTP [58]
Donald Slayton  United States
79 Vitaly Zholobov  Soviet Union 6 July 1976 Soyuz 21 [59]
80 Vladimir Aksyonov  Soviet Union 15 September 1976 Soyuz 22 [60]
81 Valery Rozhdestvensky  Soviet Union 14 October 1976 Soyuz 23 [61]
Vyacheslav Zudov  Soviet Union
83 Yury Glazkov  Soviet Union 7 February 1977 Soyuz 24 [62]
84 Vladimir Kovalyonok  Soviet Union 9 October 1977 Soyuz 25 [63]
Valery Ryumin  Soviet Union
86 Yury Romanenko  Soviet Union 10 December 1977 Soyuz 26 [64]
87 Vladimir Dzhanibekov  Soviet Union 10 January 1978 Soyuz 27 [65]
88 Vladimír Remek  Czechoslovakia 2 March 1978 Soyuz 28 [66]
89 Aleksandr Ivanchenkov  Soviet Union 15 June 1978 Soyuz 29 [67]
90 Mirosław Hermaszewski  Poland 27 June 1978 Soyuz 30 [68]
91 Sigmund Jähn  East Germany 26 August 1978 Soyuz 31 [69]
92 Vladimir Lyakhov  Soviet Union 25 February 1979 Soyuz 32 [70]
93 Georgi Ivanov  Bulgaria 10 April 1979 Soyuz 33 [71]
94 Leonid Popov  Soviet Union 9 April 1980 Soyuz 35 [72]
95 Bertalan Farkas  Hungary 26 May 1980 Soyuz 36 [73]
96 Yury Malyshev  Soviet Union 5 June 1980 Soyuz T-2 [74]
97 Phạm Tuân  Vietnam 23 July 1980 Soyuz 37 [75]
98 Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez  Cuba 18 September 1980 Soyuz 38 [76]
99 Leonid Kizim  Soviet Union 27 November 1980 Soyuz T-3 [77]
Gennadi Strekalov  Soviet Union
101 Viktor Savinykh  Soviet Union 12 March 1981 Soyuz T-4 [78]
102 Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa  Mongolia 22 March 1981 Soyuz 39 [79]
103 Robert Crippen  United States 12 April 1981 STS-1 [80][81]
104 Dumitru Prunariu  Romania 14 May 1981 Soyuz 40 [82]
105 Joseph Engle  United States 12 November 1981 STS-2 [83]
Richard Truly  United States
107 Charles Fullerton  United States 22 March 1982 STS-3 [84]
108 Anatoly Berezovoy  Soviet Union 13 May 1982 Soyuz T-5 [85]
109 Jean-Loup Chrétien  France 24 June 1982 Soyuz T-6 [86]
110 Henry Hartsfield  United States 27 June 1982 STS-4 [87]
111 Svetlana Savitskaya  Soviet Union 19 August 1982 Soyuz T-7 [88]
Aleksandr Serebrov  Soviet Union
113 Joseph Allen  United States 11 November 1982 STS-5 [89]
William Lenoir  United States
Robert Overmyer  United States
116 Karol Bobko  United States 4 April 1983 STS-6 [90]
Story Musgrave  United States
Donald Peterson  United States
119 Vladimir Titov  Soviet Union 20 April 1983 Soyuz T-8 [91]
120 John Fabian  United States 18 June 1983 STS-7 [92]
Frederick Hauck  United States
Sally Ride  United States
Norman Thagard  United States
124 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov  Soviet Union 27 June 1983 Soyuz T-9 [93]
125 Guion Bluford  United States 30 August 1983 STS-8 [94]
Daniel Brandenstein  United States
Dale Gardner  United States
William Thornton  United States
129 Byron Lichtenberg  United States 28 November 1983 STS-9 [95]
Robert Parker  United States
Brewster Shaw  United States
Ulf Merbold  West Germany
133 Robert Gibson  United States 3 February 1984 STS-41-B [96]
Bruce McCandless  United States [96]
Ronald McNair †  United States [96][nb 9]
Robert Stewart  United States [96]
137 Oleg Atkov  Soviet Union 8 February 1984 Soyuz T-10 [97]
Vladimir Solovyov  Soviet Union
139 Rakesh Sharma  India 3 April 1984 Soyuz T-11 [98]
140 Terry Hart  United States 6 April 1984 STS-41-C [99]
George Nelson  United States [99]
Francis Scobee †  United States [99][nb 9]
James van Hoften  United States [99]
144 Igor Volk  Soviet Union 17 July 1984 Soyuz T-12 [100]
145 Michael Coats  United States 30 August 1984 STS-41-D [101]
Steven Hawley  United States [101]
Richard Mullane  United States [101]
Judith Resnik †  United States [101][nb 9]
Charles Walker  United States [101]
150 Marc Garneau  Canada 5 October 1984 STS-41-G [102]
David Leestma  United States
Jon McBride  United States
Paul Scully-Power  United States
Kathryn Sullivan  United States
155 Anna Fisher  United States 8 November 1984 STS-51-A [103]
David Walker  United States
157 James Buchli  United States 24 January 1985 STS-51-C [104]
Ellison Onizuka †  United States [104][nb 9]
Gary Payton  United States [104]
Loren Shriver  United States [104]
161 Edwin Garn  United States 12 April 1985 STS-51-D [105]
Stanley Griggs  United States
Jeffrey Hoffman  United States
Margaret Seddon  United States
Donald Williams  United States
166 Frederick Gregory  United States 29 April 1985 STS-51-B [106]
Don Lind  United States [106]
Lodewijk van den Berg  United States [106][nb 10]
Taylor Wang  United States [106]
170 Sultan Al-Saud  Saudi Arabia 17 June 1985 STS-51-G [107]
Patrick Baudry  France
John Creighton  United States
Shannon Lucid  United States
Steven Nagel  United States
175 Loren Acton  United States 29 July 1985 STS-51-F [108]
John Bartoe  United States
Roy Bridges  United States
Anthony England  United States
Karl Henize  United States
180 Richard Covey  United States 27 August 1985 STS-51-I [109]
William Fisher  United States
John Lounge  United States
183 Vladimir Vasyutin  Soviet Union 17 September 1985 Soyuz T-14 [110]
Aleksandr Volkov  Soviet Union
185 Ronald Grabe  United States 3 October 1985 STS-51-J [111]
David Hilmers  United States
William Pailes  United States
188 Bonnie Dunbar  United States 30 October 1985 STS-61-A [112]
Reinhard Furrer  West Germany
Ernst Messerschmid  West Germany
Wubbo Ockels  Netherlands
192 Mary Cleave  United States 27 November 1985 STS-61-B [113]
Rodolfo Neri Vela  Mexico
Bryan O'Connor  United States
Jerry Ross  United States
Sherwood Spring  United States
197 Charles Bolden  United States 12 January 1986 STS-61-C [114]
Robert Cenker  United States [114]
Franklin Chang Díaz  United States [114][nb 11]
Clarence "Bill" Nelson  United States [114]
— Michael J. Smith ‡ ⊗  United States 28 January 1986 STS-51-L [115][nb 9]
Gregory Jarvis ‡ ⊗  United States [116][nb 9]
Christa McAuliffe ‡ ⊗  United States [117][nb 9]
201 Aleksandr Laveykin  Soviet Union 5 February 1987 Soyuz TM-2 [118]
202 Muhammed Faris  Syria 22 July 1987 Soyuz TM-3 [119]
Aleksandr Viktorenko  Soviet Union
204 Anatoly Levchenko  Soviet Union 21 December 1987 Soyuz TM-4 [120]
Musa Manarov  Soviet Union
206 Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov  Bulgaria 7 June 1988 Soyuz TM-5 [121]
Anatoly Solovyev  Soviet Union
208 Abdul Mohmand Afghanistan 29 August 1988 Soyuz TM-6 [122]
Valeri Polyakov  Soviet Union
210 Sergei Krikalev  Soviet Union 26 November 1988 Soyuz TM-7 [123]
211 Guy Gardner  United States 2 December 1988 STS-27 [124]
William Shepherd  United States
213 James Bagian  United States 13 March 1989 STS-29 [125]
John Blaha  United States
Robert Springer  United States
216 Mark Lee  United States 4 May 1989 STS-30 [126]
217 James Adamson  United States 8 August 1989 STS-28 [127]
Mark Brown  United States
Richard Richards  United States
220 Ellen Baker  United States 18 October 1989 STS-34 [128]
Michael McCulley  United States
222 Manley Carter  United States 23 November 1989 STS-33 [129]
Kathryn Thornton  United States
224 Marsha Ivins  United States 9 January 1990 STS-32 [130]
George Low  United States
James Wetherbee  United States
227 Aleksandr Balandin  Soviet Union 11 February 1990 Soyuz TM-9 [131]
228 John Casper  United States 28 February 1990 STS-36 [132]
Pierre Thuot  United States
230 Gennadi Manakov  Soviet Union 1 August 1990 Soyuz TM-10 [133]
231 Thomas Akers  United States 6 October 1990 STS-41 [134]
Robert Cabana  United States
Bruce Melnick  United States
234 Frank Culbertson  United States 15 November 1990 STS-38 [135]
Charles Gemar  United States
Carl Meade  United States
237 Samuel Durrance  United States 2 December 1990 STS-35 [136]
Ronald Parise  United States
239 Viktor Afanasyev  Soviet Union 2 December 1990 Soyuz TM-11 [137]
Toyohiro Akiyama  Japan
241 Jerome Apt  United States 5 April 1991 STS-37 [138]
Kenneth Cameron  United States
Linda Godwin  United States
244 Lloyd Hammond  United States 28 April 1991 STS-39 [139]
Gregory Harbaugh  United States
Richard Hieb  United States
Donald McMonagle  United States
Charles Veach  United States
249 Anatoly Artsebarsky  Soviet Union 18 May 1991 Soyuz TM-12 [140]
Helen Sharman  United Kingdom
251 Francis Gaffney  United States 5 June 1991 STS-40 [141]
Sidney Gutierrez  United States
Millie Hughes-Fulford  United States
Tamara Jernigan  United States
255 Michael Baker  United States 2 August 1991 STS-43 [142]
256 Kenneth Reightler  United States 12 September 1991 STS-48 [143]
257 Toktar Aubakirov  Soviet Union 2 October 1991 Soyuz TM-13 [144][nb 12]
Franz Viehböck  Austria [144]
259 Thomas Hennen  United States 24 November 1991 STS-44 [145]
Terence Henricks  United States
Mario Runco  United States
James Voss  United States
263 Roberta Bondar  Canada 22 January 1992 STS-42 [146]
Stephen Oswald  United States
William Readdy  United States
266 Klaus-Dietrich Flade  Germany 17 March 1992 Soyuz TM-14 [147]
Aleksandr Kaleri  Russia
268 Brian Duffy  United States 24 March 1992 STS-45 [148]
Michael Foale  United States [148][nb 13]
Dirk Frimout  Belgium [148]
271 Kevin Chilton  United States 7 May 1992 STS-49 [148]
272 Kenneth Bowersox  United States 25 June 1992 STS-50 [149]
Lawrence DeLucas  United States
Eugene Trinh  United States
275 Sergei Avdeyev  Russia 27 July 1992 Soyuz TM-15 [150]
Michel Tognini  France
277 Andrew Allen  United States 31 July 1992 STS-46 [151]
Franco Malerba  Italy
Claude Nicollier   Switzerland
280 Curtis Brown  United States 12 September 1992 STS-47 [152]
Nancy Davis  United States
Mae Jemison  United States
Mamoru Mohri  Japan
284 Steven MacLean  Canada 22 October 1992 STS-52 [153]
285 Michael Clifford  United States 2 December 1992 STS-53 [154]
286 Susan Helms  United States 13 January 1993 STS-54 [155]
287 Aleksandr Poleshchuk  Russia 24 January 1993 Soyuz TM-16 [156]
288 Kenneth Cockrell  United States 8 April 1993 STS-56 [157]
Ellen Ochoa  United States
290 Bernard Harris  United States 26 April 1993 STS-55 [158]
Charles Precourt  United States
Hans Schlegel  Germany
Ulrich Walter  Germany
294 Nancy Currie  United States 21 June 1993 STS-57 [159]
Janice Voss  United States
Peter Wisoff  United States
297 Jean-Pierre Haigneré  France 1 July 1993 Soyuz TM-17 [160]
Vasily Tsibliyev  Russia
299 Daniel Bursch  United States 12 September 1993 STS-51 [161]
James Newman  United States
Carl Walz  United States
302 Martin Fettman  United States 18 October 1993 STS-58 [162]
William McArthur  United States
Richard Searfoss  United States
David Wolf  United States
306 Yury Usachov  Russia 8 January 1994 Soyuz TM-18 [163]
307 Ronald Sega  United States 3 February 1994 STS-60 [164]
308 Thomas Jones  United States 9 April 1994 STS-59 [165]
309 Yuri Malenchenko  Russia 1 July 1994 Soyuz TM-19 [166]
Talgat Musabayev  Kazakhstan
311 Leroy Chiao  United States 8 July 1994 STS-65 [167]
James Halsell  United States
Chiaki Mukai  Japan
Donald Thomas  United States
315 Jerry Linenger  United States 9 September 1994 STS-64 [168]
316 Stephen Smith  United States 30 September 1994 STS-68 [169]
Terrence Wilcutt  United States
318 Yelena Kondakova  Russia 3 October 1994 Soyuz TM-20 [170]
319 Jean-François Clervoy  France 3 November 1994 STS-66 [171]
Scott Parazynski  United States
Joseph Tanner  United States
322 Eileen Collins  United States 3 February 1995 STS-63 [172]
323 William Gregory  United States 2 March 1995 STS-67 [173]
John Grunsfeld  United States
Wendy Lawrence  United States
326 Vladimir Dezhurov  Russia 14 March 1995 Soyuz TM-21 [174]
327 Nikolai Budarin  Russia 27 June 1995 STS-71 [175]
328 Kevin Kregel  United States 13 July 1995 STS-70 [176]
Mary Weber  United States
330 Yuri Gidzenko  Russia 3 September 1995 Soyuz TM-22 [177]
Thomas Reiter  Germany
332 Michael Gernhardt  United States 7 September 1995 STS-69 [178]
333 Catherine Coleman  United States 20 October 1995 STS-73 [179]
Frederick Leslie  United States
Michael López-Alegría  United States
Kent Rominger  United States
Albert Sacco  United States
338 Chris Hadfield  Canada 12 November 1995 STS-74 [180]
339 Daniel Barry  United States 11 January 1996 STS-72 [181]
Brent Jett  United States
Winston Scott  United States
Koichi Wakata  Japan
343 Yury Onufriyenko  Russia 21 February 1996 Soyuz TM-23 [182]
344 Maurizio Cheli  Italy 22 February 1996 STS-75 [183]
Umberto Guidoni  Italy
Scott Horowitz  United States
347 Andrew Thomas  United States 19 May 1996 STS-77 [184]
348 Charles Brady  United States 20 June 1996 STS-78 [185]
Jean-Jacques Favier  France
Richard Linnehan  United States
Robert Thirsk  Canada
352 Claudie Haigneré  France 17 August 1996 Soyuz TM-24 [186]
Valery Korzun  Russia
354 Reinhold Ewald  Germany 10 February 1997 Soyuz TM-25 [187]
Aleksandr Lazutkin  Russia
356 Roger Crouch  United States 4 April 1997 STS-83 [188]
Gregory Linteris  United States
Susan Kilrain  United States
359 Edward Lu  United States 15 May 1997 STS-84 [189]
Carlos Noriega  United States
361 Pavel Vinogradov  Russia 5 August 1997 Soyuz TM-26 [190]
362 Robert Curbeam  United States 7 August 1997 STS-85 [191]
Stephen Robinson  United States
Bjarni Tryggvason  Canada
365 Michael Bloomfield  United States 26 September 1997 STS-86 [192]
366 Kalpana Chawla †  United States 19 November 1997 STS-87 [193][nb 14]
Takao Doi  Japan [193]
Leonid Kadeniuk  Ukraine
Steven Lindsey  United States
370 Michael Anderson †  United States 23 January 1998 STS-89 [194][nb 14]
Joe Edwards  United States [194]
James Reilly  United States
Salizhan Sharipov  Russia
374 Léopold Eyharts  France 29 January 1998 Soyuz TM-27 [195]
375 Scott Altman  United States 17 April 1998 STS-90 [196]
Jay Buckey  United States
Kathryn Hire  United States
James Pawelczyk  United States
Dafydd Williams  Canada
380 Dominic Gorie  United States 2 June 1998 STS-91 [197]
Janet Kavandi  United States
382 Yuri Baturin  Russia 13 August 1998 Soyuz TM-28 [198]
Gennady Padalka  Russia
384 Pedro Duque  Spain 29 October 1998 STS-95 [199]
385 Frederick Sturckow  United States 4 December 1998 STS-88 [200]
386 Ivan Bella  Slovakia 20 February 1999 Soyuz TM-29 [201]
387 Rick Husband †  United States 27 May 1999 STS-96 [202][nb 14]
Julie Payette  Canada [202]
Valeri Tokarev  Russia
390 Jeffrey Ashby  United States 23 July 1999 STS-93 [203]
391 Scott Kelly  United States 20 December 1999 STS-103 [204]
392 Gerhard Thiele  Germany 11 February 2000 STS-99 [205]
393 Sergei Zalyotin  Russia 4 April 2000 Soyuz TM-30 [206]
394 Jeffrey Williams  United States 19 May 2000 STS-101 [207]
395 Daniel Burbank  United States 8 September 2000 STS-106 [208]
Richard Mastracchio  United States
Boris Morukov  Russia
398 Pamela Melroy  United States 11 October 2000 STS-92 [209]
399 Mark Polansky  United States 7 February 2001 STS-98 [210]
400 James Kelly  United States 8 March 2001 STS-102 [211]
Paul Richards  United States
402 Yury Lonchakov  Russia 19 April 2001 STS-100 [212][213]
John Phillips  United States [213][214]
404 Dennis Tito  United States 28 April 2001 Soyuz TM-32 [215]
405 Charles Hobaugh  United States 12 July 2001 STS-104 [216]
406 Patrick Forrester  United States 10 August 2001 STS-105 [217]
Mikhail Tyurin  Russia
408 Konstantin Kozeyev  Russia 21 October 2001 Soyuz TM-33 [218]
409 Mark Kelly  United States 5 December 2001 STS-108 [219]
Daniel Tani  United States
411 Duane Carey  United States 1 March 2002 STS-109 [220]
Michael Massimino  United States
413 Stephen Frick  United States 8 April 2002 STS-110 [221]
Lee Morin  United States
Rex Walheim  United States
416 Mark Shuttleworth  South Africa 25 April 2002 Soyuz TM-34 [222]
Roberto Vittori  Italy
418 Paul Lockhart  United States 5 June 2002 STS-111 [223]
Philippe Perrin  France
Sergei Treshchov  Russia
Peggy Whitson  United States
422 Sandra Magnus  United States 7 October 2002 STS-112 [224]
Piers Sellers  United States [224][nb 15]
Fyodor Yurchikhin  Russia [224]
425 Frank De Winne  Belgium 30 October 2002 Soyuz TMA-1 [225]
426 John Herrington  United States 24 November 2002 STS-113 [226]
Donald Pettit  United States
428 David Brown ‡  United States 16 January 2003 STS-107 [226][nb 14]
Laurel Clark ‡  United States
William McCool ‡  United States
Ilan Ramon ‡  Israel
432 Yang Liwei  China 15 October 2003 Shenzhou 5 [227]
433 Edward Fincke  United States 19 April 2004 Soyuz TMA-4 [228]
André Kuipers  Netherlands
435 Michael Melvill  United States 21 June 2004 SpaceShipOne 15P [229][230][231]
436 Brian Binnie  United States 4 October 2004 SpaceShipOne 17P [231][232][233]
437 Yuri Shargin  Russia 14 October 2004 Soyuz TMA-5 [234]
438 Charles Camarda  United States 26 July 2005 STS-114 [235]
Soichi Noguchi  Japan
440 Gregory Olsen  United States 1 October 2005 Soyuz TMA-7 [236]
441 Fei Junlong  China 12 October 2005 Shenzhou 6 [237]
Nie Haisheng  China
443 Marcos Pontes  Brazil 30 March 2006 Soyuz TMA-8 [238]
444 Michael Fossum  United States 4 July 2006 STS-121 [239]
Lisa Nowak  United States
Stephanie Wilson  United States
447 Christopher Ferguson  United States 9 September 2006 STS-115 [240]
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper  United States
449 Anousheh Ansari  United States 18 September 2006 Soyuz TMA-9 [241][nb 16]
450 Christer Fuglesang  Sweden 10 December 2006 STS-116 [242]
Joan Higginbotham  United States [242]
William Oefelein  United States [242]
Nicholas Patrick  United States [242][nb 17]
Sunita Williams  United States [242]
455 Oleg Kotov  Russia 7 April 2007 Soyuz TMA-10 [243]
Charles Simonyi  United States
457 Clayton Anderson  United States 8 June 2007 STS-117 [244]
Lee Archambault  United States
John Olivas  United States
Steven Swanson  United States
461 Tracy Caldwell Dyson  United States 8 August 2007 STS-118 [245]
Benjamin Drew  United States
Barbara Morgan  United States
464 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor  Malaysia 10 October 2007 Soyuz TMA-11 [246]
465 Paolo Nespoli  Italy 23 October 2007 STS-120 [247]
Douglas Wheelock  United States
George Zamka  United States
468 Stanley Love  United States 7 February 2008 STS-122 [248]
Leland Melvin  United States
Alan Poindexter  United States
471 Robert Behnken  United States 11 March 2008 STS-123 [249]
Michael Foreman  United States
Gregory H. Johnson  United States
Garrett Reisman  United States
475 Oleg Kononenko  Russia 8 April 2008 Soyuz TMA-12 [250]
Sergey Volkov  Russia
Yi So-Yeon  South Korea
478 Gregory Chamitoff  United States 31 May 2008 STS-124 [251]
Ronald Garan  United States
Kenneth Ham  United States
Akihiko Hoshide  Japan
Karen Nyberg  United States
483 Jing Haipeng  China 25 September 2008 Shenzhou 7 [252]
Liu Boming  China
Zhai Zhigang  China
486 Richard Garriott  United States 12 October 2008 Soyuz TMA-13 [253]
487 Eric Boe  United States 15 November 2008 STS-126 [254]
Stephen Bowen  United States
Robert Kimbrough  United States
490 Joseph Acaba  United States 15 March 2009 STS-119 [255]
Dominic Antonelli  United States
Richard Arnold  United States
493 Michael Barratt  United States 26 March 2009 Soyuz TMA-14 [256]
494 Andrew Feustel  United States 11 May 2009 STS-125 [257]
Michael Good  United States
Gregory C. Johnson  United States
Megan McArthur  United States
498 Roman Romanenko  Russia 27 May 2009 Soyuz TMA-15 [258]
499 Christopher Cassidy  United States 15 July 2009 STS-127 [259]
Douglas Hurley  United States
Timothy Kopra  United States
Thomas Marshburn  United States
503 Kevin Ford  United States 29 August 2009 STS-128 [260]
José M. Hernández  United States
Nicole Stott  United States
506 Guy Laliberté  Canada 30 September 2009 Soyuz TMA-16 [261]
Maksim Surayev  Russia
508 Randolph Bresnik  United States 12 November 2009 STS-129 [262]
Robert Satcher  United States
Barry Wilmore  United States
511 Timothy Creamer  United States 20 December 2009 Soyuz TMA-17 [263]
512 Terry Virts  United States 8 February 2010 STS-130 [264]
513 Mikhail Korniyenko  Russia 2 April 2010 Soyuz TMA-18 [265]
Aleksandr Skvortsov  Russia
515 James Dutton  United States 5 April 2010 STS-131 [266]
Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger  United States
Naoko Yamazaki  Japan
518 Shannon Walker  United States 15 June 2010 Soyuz TMA-19 [267]
519 Oleg Skripochka  Russia 7 October 2010 Soyuz TMA-01M [268]
520 Dmitri Kondratyev  Russia 15 December 2010 Soyuz TMA-20 [269]
521 Andrei Borisenko  Russia 4 April 2011 Soyuz TMA-21 [270]
Aleksandr Samokutyayev  Russia
523 Satoshi Furukawa  Japan 7 June 2011 Soyuz TMA-02M [271]
524 Anatoli Ivanishin  Russia 14 November 2011 Soyuz TMA-22 [272]
Anton Shkaplerov  Russia
526 Sergei Revin  Russia 15 May 2012 Soyuz TMA-04M [273]
527 Liu Wang  China 16 June 2012 Shenzhou 9 [274]
Liu Yang  China
529 Oleg Novitskiy  Russia 23 October 2012 Soyuz TMA-06M [275]
Evgeny Tarelkin  Russia
531 Alexander Misurkin  Russia 28 March 2013 Soyuz TMA-08M [276]
532 Luca Parmitano  Italy 28 May 2013 Soyuz TMA-09M [277]
533 Zhang Xiaoguang  China 11 June 2013 Shenzhou 10 [278]
Wang Yaping  China
535 Michael Hopkins  United States 25 September 2013 Soyuz TMA-10M [279]
Sergey Ryazansky  Russia
537 Oleg Artemyev  Russia 25 March 2014 Soyuz TMA-12M [280]
538 Reid Wiseman  United States 28 May 2014 Soyuz TMA-13M [281]
Alexander Gerst  Germany
540 Yelena Serova  Russia 25 September 2014 Soyuz TMA-14M [282]
541 Samantha Cristoforetti  Italy 23 November 2014 Soyuz TMA-15M [283]
542 Kimiya Yui  Japan 22 July 2015 Soyuz TMA-17M [284]
Kjell N. Lindgren  United States
544 Andreas Mogensen  Denmark 2 September 2015 Soyuz TMA-18M [285]
Aidyn Aimbetov  Kazakhstan [285][nb 12]
546 Tim Peake  United Kingdom 15 December 2015 Soyuz TMA-19M [286][287]
547 Aleksey Ovchinin  Russia 18 March 2016 Soyuz TMA-20M [288]
548 Takuya Onishi  Japan 7 July 2016 Soyuz MS-01 [289]
Kathleen Rubins  United States
550 Chen Dong  China 17 October 2016 Shenzhou 11 [290]
551 Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov  Russia 19 October 2016 Soyuz MS-02 [291]
552 Thomas Pesquet  France 17 November 2016 Soyuz MS-03 [292]
553 Jack Fischer  United States 20 April 2017 Soyuz MS-04 [293]
554 Mark Vande Hei  United States 12 September 2017 Soyuz MS-06 [294]
555 Norishige Kanai  Japan 17 December 2017 Soyuz MS-07 [295][296]
Scott D. Tingle  United States
557 Sergey Prokopyev  Russia 6 June 2018 Soyuz MS-09 [297][298]
Serena Auñón-Chancellor  United States
— Nick Hague ⊗  United States 11 October 2018 Soyuz MS-10 [299][nb 18]
559 David Saint-Jacques  Canada 3 December 2018 Soyuz MS-11 [301]
Anne McClain  United States
561 Nick Hague  United States 14 March 2019 Soyuz MS-12 [302][nb 4]
Christina Koch  United States [302]
563 Andrew R. Morgan  United States 20 July 2019 Soyuz MS-13 [303]
564 Jessica Meir  United States 25 September 2019 Soyuz MS-15 [304]
Hazza Al Mansouri  United Arab Emirates
566 Ivan Vagner  Russia 9 April 2020 Soyuz MS-16 [305]
567 Sergey Kud-Sverchkov  Russia 14 October 2020 Soyuz MS-17 [306]
568 Victor Glover  United States 15 November 2020 SpaceX Crew-1 [307]
569 Pyotr Dubrov  Russia 9 April 2021 Soyuz MS-18 [308]
570 Tang Hongbo  China 17 June 2021 Shenzhou 12 [309]
571 Jeff Bezos  United States 20 July 2021 Blue Origin NS-16 [310]
Wally Funk  United States
Oliver Daemen  Netherlands
Mark Bezos  United States
575 Jared Isaacman  United States 15 September 2021 Inspiration4 [311]
Sian Proctor  United States
Hayley Arceneaux  United States
Christopher Sembroski  United States
579 Klim Shipenko  Russia 5 October 2021 Soyuz MS-19 [312]
Yulia Peresild  Russia
581 Audrey Powers  United States 13 October 2021 Blue Origin NS-18 [313]
Chris Boshuizen  Australia
Glen de Vries  United States
William Shatner  Canada
585 Ye Guangfu  China 15 October 2021 Shenzhou 13 [314]
586 Raja Chari  United States 11 November 2021 SpaceX Crew-3 [315]
Kayla Barron  United States
Matthias Maurer  Germany
589 Yusaku Maezawa  Japan 8 December 2021 Soyuz MS-20 [316]
Yozo Hirano  Japan
591 Laura Shepard Churchley  United States 11 December 2021 Blue Origin NS-19 [317]
Michael Strahan  United States
Dylan Taylor  United States
Evan Dick  United States
Lane Bess  United States
Cameron Bess  United States
597 Denis Matveev  Russia 18 March 2022 Soyuz MS-21 [318]
Sergey Korsakov  Russia
599 Marty Allen  United States 31 March 2022 Blue Origin NS-20 [319]
Sharon Hagle  United States
Marc Hagle  United States
Jim Kitchen  United States
George Nield  United States
Gary Lai  United States
605 Larry Connor  United States 8 April 2022 Axiom Mission 1 [320]
Mark Pathy  Canada
Eytan Stibbe  Israel
608 Robert Hines  United States 27 April 2022 SpaceX Crew-4 [321]
Jessica Watkins  United States
610 Katya Echazarreta  United States 4 June 2022 Blue Origin NS-21 [322]
Hamish Harding  United Kingdom
Victor Correa Hespanha  Brazil
Jaison Robinson  United States
Victor Vescovo  United States
615 Cai Xuzhe  China 5 June 2022 Shenzhou 14 [323]
616 Coby Cotton  United States 4 August 2022 Blue Origin NS-22 [324][nb 19]
Mário Ferreira  Portugal
Vanessa O'Brien  United Kingdom
Clint Kelly III  United States
Sara Sabry  Egypt
Steve Young  United States
622 Dmitry Petelin  Russia 21 September 2022 Soyuz MS-22 [325]
Francisco Rubio  United States
624 Nicole Aunapu Mann  United States 5 October 2022 SpaceX Crew-5 [326]
Josh A. Cassada  United States
Anna Kikina  Russia
627 Deng Qingming  China 29 November 2022 Shenzhou 15 [327]
Zhang Lu  China
629 Warren Hoburg  United States 2 March 2023 SpaceX Crew-6 [328]
Sultan Al Neyadi  United Arab Emirates
Andrey Fedyaev  Russia
632 John Shoffner  United States 21 May 2023 Axiom Mission 2 [329]
Ali AlQarni  Saudi Arabia
Rayyanah Barnawi  Saudi Arabia
635 Zhu Yangzhu  China 30 May 2023 Shenzhou 16 [330]
Gui Haichao  China
637 Jasmin Moghbeli  United States 26 August 2023 SpaceX Crew-7 [331][332]
Konstantin Borisov  Russia
639 Nikolai Chub  Russia 15 September 2023 Soyuz MS-24 [333]
Loral O'Hara  United States
641 Tang Shengjie  China 26 October 2023 Shenzhou 17 [334]
Jiang Xinlin  China
643 Alper Gezeravcı  Turkey 18 January 2024 Axiom Mission 3 [335]
Walter Villadei  Italy
Marcus Wandt  Sweden
646 Matthew Dominick  United States 4 March 2024 SpaceX Crew-8 [336]
Jeanette Epps  United States
Alexander Grebenkin  Russia
649 Marina Vasilevskaya  Belarus 23 March 2024 Soyuz MS-25 [337]


See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
  2. ^ i.e. In a class of vehicle that had already been flight-proven above 100 km (62 mi), for most of its launches.
  3. ^ In cases where the first space traveller from a particular country flew on a sub-orbital flight, that flight is also linked in italics.
  4. ^ a b Most space travellers have a single entry in the table dated on the launch of their first spaceflight or attempt thereof. The only exception is when a traveller successfully crossed 100 km (62 mi) for the first time after a failed attempt.
  5. ^ The distance of Gagarin's spaceflight exceeded the circumference of the Earth and the total duration of the flight exceeded its orbital period. Due to the rotation of the Earth, Gagarin nevertheless landed west of the Vostok 1 launch site after completing a single orbit.
  6. ^ Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed completed spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1.[3] However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to perform a spaceflight.[4]
  7. ^ Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
  8. ^ a b Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
  10. ^ Lodewijk van den Berg was a naturalised United States citizen at the time of his flight, having been born in the Netherlands.
  11. ^ Franklin Chang Díaz is a dual national of the United States and Costa Rica, but flew under the United States flag.
  12. ^ a b Toktar Aubakirov returned to Earth prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, upon which he became a Kazakh citizen.
  13. ^ Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  14. ^ a b c d See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
  15. ^ Piers Sellers was a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  16. ^ Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
  17. ^ Nicholas Patrick is a dual national of the United States and United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
  18. ^ Soyuz MS-10 booster failed several minutes after launch, and achieved sub-orbital spaceflight only according to the United States definition of 80 km (50 mi). The flight reached an altitude of 93 km (58 mi), not high enough to meet the official FAI criterion of 100 km (62 mi). The crew landed safely.[300]
  19. ^ Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United Kingdom flag.

References

  1. ^ Taylor Redd, Nola (24 July 2012). "Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  2. ^ "First man in space". History.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  3. ^ "FAI Astronautic Records Commission – Sporting Code Section 8" (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2006.
  4. ^ "FAI Award: The Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
  5. ^ "May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard in Spacesuit Before Mercury Launch". NASA. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  6. ^ Taylor Redd, Nola (5 May 2014). "Alan Shepard: First American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  7. ^ White, Mary C. "Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom". NASA History. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  8. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (28 January 2014). "Gus Grissom: 2nd American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  9. ^ "1961: Russian cosmonaut spends day in space". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  10. ^ "Liftoff of John Glenn's Friendship 7, Feb. 20, 1962". NASA. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Glenn Orbits the Earth". NASA. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  12. ^ "May 24, 1962 - Scott Carpenter on the Way to Mercury-Atlas 7 Launch Site". NASA. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Joint flight of Vostok-3 and Vostok-4". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  14. ^ "Vostok 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Vostok 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  16. ^ "Mercury 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  17. ^ "Mercury 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  18. ^ "Vostok 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  19. ^ "Vostok 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  20. ^ "Appendix A: X-15 Flight Log". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  21. ^ a b c "Voskhod". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  22. ^ "Voskhod 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  23. ^ "Gemini 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  24. ^ "Gemini 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  25. ^ "Gemini 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  26. ^ "Gemini 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  27. ^ "Gemini 6A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  28. ^ "Gemini 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  29. ^ "Gemini 9A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  30. ^ "Gemini 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  31. ^ "Gemini 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  32. ^ "Gemini 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  33. ^ "Apollo 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  34. ^ "Soyuz 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  35. ^ "Apollo 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  36. ^ "Soyuz 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  37. ^ "Soyuz 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. ^ "Apollo 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  39. ^ "Soyuz 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  40. ^ a b "Soyuz 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  41. ^ "Apollo 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  42. ^ "Apollo 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  43. ^ "Soyuz 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  44. ^ "Apollo 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  45. ^ "Soyuz 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  46. ^ "Soyuz 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  47. ^ "Apollo 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  48. ^ "Apollo 16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  49. ^ "Apollo 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  50. ^ "Skylab 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  51. ^ "Skylab 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  52. ^ "Soyuz 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  53. ^ "Skylab 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  54. ^ "Soyuz 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  55. ^ "Soyuz 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  56. ^ "Soyuz 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  57. ^ "Soyuz 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  58. ^ "ASTP". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  59. ^ "Soyuz 21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  60. ^ "Soyuz 22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  61. ^ "Soyuz 23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  62. ^ "Soyuz 24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  63. ^ "Soyuz 25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  64. ^ "Soyuz 26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  65. ^ "Soyuz 27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  66. ^ "Soyuz 28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  67. ^ "Soyuz 29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  68. ^ "Soyuz 30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  69. ^ "Soyuz 31". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  70. ^ "Soyuz 32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  71. ^ "Soyuz 33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  72. ^ "Soyuz 35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  73. ^ "Soyuz 36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  74. ^ "Soyuz T-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  75. ^ "Soyuz 37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  76. ^ "Soyuz 38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  77. ^ "Soyuz T-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  78. ^ "Soyuz T-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  79. ^ "Soyuz 39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  80. ^ "STS-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  81. ^ "STS-1 History". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  82. ^ "Soyuz 40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  83. ^ "STS-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  84. ^ "STS-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  85. ^ "Soyuz T-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  86. ^ "Soyuz T-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  87. ^ "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  88. ^ "Soyuz T-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  89. ^ "STS-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  90. ^ "STS-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  91. ^ "Soyuz T-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  92. ^ "STS-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  93. ^ "Soyuz T-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  94. ^ "STS-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  95. ^ "STS-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  96. ^ a b c d "STS-41B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  97. ^ "Soyuz T-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  98. ^ "Soyuz T-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  99. ^ a b c d "STS-41C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  100. ^ "Soyuz T-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  101. ^ a b c d e "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  102. ^ "STS-41G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  103. ^ "STS-51A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  104. ^ a b c d "STS-51C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  105. ^ "STS-51D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  106. ^ a b c d "STS-51B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  107. ^ "STS-51G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  108. ^ "STS-51F". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  109. ^ "STS-51I". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  110. ^ "Soyuz T-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  111. ^ "STS-51J". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  112. ^ "STS-61A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  113. ^ "STS-61B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  114. ^ a b c d "STS-61C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  115. ^ "Michael J. Smith (Captain, USN)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  116. ^ "Gregory B. Jarvis (Mr.)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  117. ^ "S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  118. ^ "Soyuz TM-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  119. ^ "Soyuz TM-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  120. ^ "Soyuz TM-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  121. ^ "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  122. ^ "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  123. ^ "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  124. ^ "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  125. ^ "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  126. ^ "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  127. ^ "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  128. ^ "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  129. ^ "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  130. ^ "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  131. ^ "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  132. ^ "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  133. ^ "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  134. ^ "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  135. ^ "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  136. ^ "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  137. ^ "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  138. ^ "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  139. ^ "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  140. ^ "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  141. ^ "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  142. ^ "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  143. ^ "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  144. ^ a b "Soyuz TM-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  145. ^ "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  146. ^ "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  147. ^ "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  148. ^ a b c d "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  149. ^ "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  150. ^ "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  151. ^ "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  152. ^ "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  153. ^ "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  154. ^ "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  155. ^ "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  156. ^ "Soyuz TM-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  157. ^ "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  158. ^ "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  159. ^ "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  160. ^ "Soyuz TM-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  161. ^ "STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  162. ^ "STS-58". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  163. ^ "Soyuz TM-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  164. ^ "STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  165. ^ "STS-59". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  166. ^ "Soyuz TM-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  167. ^ "STS-65". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  168. ^ "STS-64". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  169. ^ "STS-68". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  170. ^ "Soyuz TM-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  171. ^ "STS-66". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  172. ^ "STS-63". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  173. ^ "STS-67". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  174. ^ "Soyuz TM-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  175. ^ "STS-71". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  176. ^ "STS-70". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  177. ^ "Soyuz TM-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  178. ^ "STS-69". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  179. ^ "STS-73". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  180. ^ "STS-74". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  181. ^ "STS-72". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  182. ^ "Soyuz TM-23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  183. ^ "STS-75". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  184. ^ "STS-77". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  185. ^ "STS-78". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  186. ^ "Soyuz TM-24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  187. ^ "Soyuz TM-25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  188. ^ "STS-83". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  189. ^ "STS-84". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  190. ^ "Soyuz TM-26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  191. ^ "STS-85". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  192. ^ "STS-86". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  193. ^ a b "STS-87". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  194. ^ a b "STS-89". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  195. ^ "Soyuz TM-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  196. ^ "STS-90". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  197. ^ "STS-91". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  198. ^ "Soyuz TM-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  199. ^ "STS-95". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  200. ^ "STS-88". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  201. ^ "Soyuz TM-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  202. ^ a b "STS-96". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  203. ^ "STS-93". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  204. ^ "STS-103". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  205. ^ "STS-99". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  206. ^ "Soyuz TM-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  207. ^ "STS-101". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  208. ^ "STS-106". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  209. ^ "STS-92". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  210. ^ "STS-98". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  211. ^ "STS-102". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  212. ^ "Lonchakov, Yuri Valentinovich". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  213. ^ a b "STS-100". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  214. ^ "STS-100 Mission Status Report #02". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  215. ^ "Soyuz TM-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  216. ^ "STS-104". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  217. ^ "STS-105". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  218. ^ "Soyuz TM-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  219. ^ "STS-108". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  220. ^ "STS-109". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  221. ^ "STS-110". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  222. ^ "Soyuz TM-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  223. ^ "STS-111". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  224. ^ a b c "STS-112". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  225. ^ "Soyuz TMA-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  226. ^ a b "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  227. ^ "Shenzhou V". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  228. ^ "Soyuz TMA-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  229. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (14 January 2009). "Latest Mock SpaceShipOne Soars Above Sponsor's Museum". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  230. ^ "SpaceShipOne - Flight No. 60L / 15P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  231. ^ a b "SpaceShipOne Flight Logs". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  232. ^ "Brian Binnie". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  233. ^ "SpaceShipOne Flight No. 66L / 17P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  234. ^ "Soyuz TMA-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  235. ^ "STS-114". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  236. ^ "Soyuz TMA-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  237. ^ "Shenzhou VI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  238. ^ "Soyuz TMA-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  239. ^ "STS-121". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  240. ^ "STS-115". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  241. ^ "Soyuz TMA-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  242. ^ a b c d e "STS-116". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  243. ^ "Soyuz TMA-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  244. ^ "STS-117". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  245. ^ "STS-118". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  246. ^ "Soyuz TMA-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  247. ^ "STS-120". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  248. ^ "STS-122". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  249. ^ "STS-123". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  250. ^ "Soyuz TMA-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  251. ^ "STS-124". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  252. ^ "Shenzhou VII". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  253. ^ "Soyuz TMA-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  254. ^ "STS-126". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  255. ^ "STS-119". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  256. ^ "Soyuz TMA-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  257. ^ "STS-125". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  258. ^ "Soyuz TMA-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  259. ^ "STS-127". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  260. ^ "STS-128". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  261. ^ "Soyuz TMA-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  262. ^ "STS-129". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  263. ^ "Soyuz TMA-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  264. ^ "STS-130". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  265. ^ "Soyuz TMA-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  266. ^ "STS-131". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  267. ^ "Soyuz TMA-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  268. ^ "Soyuz TMA-01M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  269. ^ "Soyuz TMA-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  270. ^ "Soyuz TMA-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  271. ^ "Soyuz TMA-02M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  272. ^ "Soyuz TMA-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  273. ^ "Soyuz TMA-04M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  274. ^ "Shenzhou IX". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  275. ^ "Soyuz TMA-06M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  276. ^ "Soyuz TMA-08M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  277. ^ "Soyuz TMA-09M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  278. ^ "Shenzhou X". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  279. ^ "Soyuz TMA-10M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  280. ^ "Soyuz TMA-12M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  281. ^ "Soyuz TMA-13M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  282. ^ "Soyuz TMA-14M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  283. ^ "Soyuz TMA-15M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  284. ^ "Soyuz TMA-17M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  285. ^ a b "Soyuz TMA-18M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  286. ^ "Soyuz TMA-19M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  287. ^ Davis, Jason (15 December 2015). "New Crew Arrives at ISS following Docking Drama". Planetary Society. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  288. ^ "Soyuz TMA-20M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  289. ^ "Soyuz MS". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  290. ^ "Shenzhou XI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  291. ^ "Soyuz MS-02". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  292. ^ "Soyuz MS-03". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  293. ^ "Soyuz MS-04". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  294. ^ "Soyuz MS-06". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  295. ^ "Soyuz MS-07". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  296. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (17 December 2017). "Soyuz MS-07 launches on final human mission of 2017". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  297. ^ "Soyuz MS-09". Spacefacts. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  298. ^ Clark, Stephen (6 June 2018). "Live coverage: Soyuz crew launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  299. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (10 October 2018). "Soyuz FG fails during ascent – Soyuz MS-10 crew safe after ballistic entry abort". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  300. ^ Burghardt, Thomas (18 October 2018). "NASA and Roscosmos trying to avoid an empty Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  301. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (2 December 2018). "100th orbital launch of 2018: International trio arrive at Space Station". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  302. ^ a b Gebhardt, Chris (14 March 2019). "Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station". NASASpaceflight.com.
  303. ^ "Soyuz MS-13 crew lifts off to space station on first moon landing 50th". 20 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  304. ^ "First UAE astronaut lifts off with US and Russian space station crew". Collectspace. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  305. ^ "Soyuz MS-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  306. ^ "Soyuz MS-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  307. ^ "SpaceX Crew-1". NASA. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  308. ^ "Soyuz MS-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  309. ^ Richardson, Derek (16 June 2021). "Shenzhou-12 astronaut trio launch to new Chinese space station". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  310. ^ Davenport, Justin (20 July 2021). "Blue Origin launches first crewed flight with four crew, including founder Jeff Bezos and "Mercury 13" aviatrix Wally Funk". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  311. ^ Atkinson, Ian (15 September 2021). "SpaceX launches Inspiration4, first all-private orbital mission". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  312. ^ Richardson, Derek (5 October 2021). "Russian Soyuz MS-19 film crew arrives 'on set' at Space Station". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  313. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (13 October 2021). "To the Final Frontier: NS-18 shepherds William Shatner, three others to edge of space". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  314. ^ Jessie Yeung and Steven Jiang. "China's historic crewed mission arrives at new space station". CNN. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  315. ^ Davenport, Justin (10 November 2021). "Crew-3 mission set to launch mostly-rookie crew to ISS". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 November 2021. Grush, Loren (11 November 2021). "SpaceX successfully launches four astronauts on Crew-3 mission to the space station". MSN News. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  316. ^ Neal, Mihir (7 December 2021). "Soyuz MS-20 space tourism flight docks with ISS". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  317. ^ Bell, Adrian (11 December 2021). "Blue Origin launches NS-19 with full passenger complement". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  318. ^ Gebhardt, Chris (18 March 2022). "First all-Roscosmos cosmonaut mission arrives at station". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  319. ^ Gray, Tyler (31 March 2022). "Blue Origin launches NS-20 suborbital crew mission". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  320. ^ Jessie Yeung and Steven Jiang. "China's historic crewed mission arrives at new space station". CNN. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  321. ^ Davenport, Justin (26 April 2022). "Crew-4 mission to ISS begins with pre-dawn liftoff". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  322. ^ "Blue Origin targets June 4 for next space tourist mission after delay". Space.com. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  323. ^ Andrew Jones published (5 June 2022). "China launches 3 astronauts to oversee construction of new Tiangong space station". Space.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  324. ^ "Blue Origin announces crew for 6th suborbital space tourism launch". Space.com. 23 July 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  325. ^ Elizabeth Howell (21 September 2022). "Watch Russian Soyuz rocket launch 3 astronauts to space station today". Space.com. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  326. ^ Clark, Stephen (28 September 2022). "SpaceX, ULA postpone launches as Hurricane Ian moves toward Florida". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  327. ^ "Spaceflight mission report Shenzhou-15". www.spacefacts.de. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  328. ^ "SpaceX launches next crew to ISS – DW – 03/02/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  329. ^ Baylor, Michael. "Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2)". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  330. ^ "2023年度载人航天任务基本情况" [Basic Situation of Manned Space Missions in 2023]. CMSA (in Chinese). 15 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  331. ^ "Falcon 9 Block 5 - SpaceX Crew-7". Next Spaceflight. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  332. ^ Sempsrott, Danielle (24 August 2023). "NASA's SpaceX Crew-7 Now Targeting Saturday, Aug. 26". NASA Blogs. NASA. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  333. ^ Robert Z. Pearlman (15 September 2023). "Russian rocket launches 3 spaceflyers for up to yearlong stay on ISS (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  334. ^ Jones, Andrew (26 October 2023). "China launches new 3-astronaut crew to Tiangong space station". Space.com. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
  335. ^ published, Josh Dinner (18 January 2024). "SpaceX launches private Ax-3 mission to ISS, 1st Turkish astronaut on board". Space.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  336. ^ published, Brett Tingley (4 March 2024). "SpaceX launches Crew-8 astronaut mission to International Space Station for NASA (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  337. ^ Pearlmanpublished, Robert Z. (23 March 2024). "Flight attendant becomes 1st Belarusian in space on ISS-bound Soyuz launch". Space.com. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
Category