See also

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2012.

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Notes

  1. ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
  2. ^ During the incapacity of Acherif on 26 June – 12 July.
  3. ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
  4. ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
  5. ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
  6. ^ In 2005–10, the three-member Presidency Council was head of state collectively—whilst Talabani held his position as President amongst the entity.
  7. ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
  8. ^ Kim was commonly referred to as supreme leader prior to the end of 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission on 13 April—nevertheless serving as the de facto leader of North Korea throughout.
  9. ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
  10. ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
  11. ^ Montenegro only became independent in 2006.
  12. ^ During the suspension of Băsescu on 10 July – 27 August.
  13. ^ Serbia only became independent in 2006.
  14. ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links

State leaders of the 21st century
Categories