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((short description|List of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2018))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=January 2018))((Use dmy dates|date=January 2018))((Use British English Oxford spelling|date=January 2018))
((Update|Swaziland changing its name|date=June 2018))
))
((SLBY|2018))

==Africa==
*'''((flag|Algeria))'''
**President&nbsp;–[[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], [[President of Algeria]] (1999–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ahmed Ouyahia]], [[Prime Minister of Algeria]] (2017–2019)
*'''((flag|Angola))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[João Lourenço (politician)|João Lourenço]], [[President of Angola]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Benin))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Patrice Talon]], [[President of Benin]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Botswana))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Ian Khama]], [[President of Botswana]] (2008–2018)
**# [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]], [[President of Botswana]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Burkina Faso))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]], [[President of Burkina Faso]] (2015–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Paul Kaba Thieba]], [[Prime Minister of Burkina Faso]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Burundi))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Pierre Nkurunziza]], [[President of Burundi]] (2005–2020)
*'''((flag|Cameroon))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Paul Biya]], [[President of Cameroon]] (1982–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Joseph Dion Ngute, [[Prime Minister of Cameroon]] (2009–2019)
*'''((flag|Cape Verde))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Jorge Carlos Fonseca]], [[President of Cape Verde]] (2011–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ulisses Correia e Silva]], [[Prime Minister of Cape Verde]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Central African Republic))'''
**President &nbsp;– [[Faustin-Archange Touadéra]], [[President of the Central African Republic]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Simplice Sarandji]], [[Prime Minister of the Central African Republic]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Chad))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Idriss Déby]], [[President of Chad]] (1990–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Albert Pahimi Padacké]], [[Prime Minister of Chad]] (2016–2018)
*'''((flag|Comoros))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Azali Assoumani]], [[President of the Comoros]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Republic of the Congo|name=Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]], [[President of the Republic of the Congo]] (1997–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Clément Mouamba]], [[Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo]] (2016–2021)
*'''((flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo|name=Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Joseph Kabila]], [[President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (2001–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Bruno Tshibala]], [[Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (2017–2019)
*'''((flag|Djibouti))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ismaïl Omar Guelleh]], [[President of Djibouti]] (1999–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed]], [[Prime Minister of Djibouti]] (2013–present)
*'''((flag|Egypt))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]], [[President of Egypt]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Sherif Ismail]], [[Prime Minister of Egypt]] (2015–2018)
**# [[Moustafa Madbouly]], [[Prime Minister of Egypt|Acting Prime Minister of Egypt]] (2017–2018)
**# [[Moustafa Madbouly]], [[Prime Minister of Egypt]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Equatorial Guinea))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]], [[President of Equatorial Guinea]] (1979–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Francisco Pascual Obama Asue]], [[Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea]] (2016–2023)
*'''((flag|Eritrea))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Isaias Afwerki]], [[President of Eritrea]] (1991–present)((Thinsp))((efn|Eritrea only became independent in 1993.))
*'''((flag|Ethiopia))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Mulatu Teshome]], [[President of Ethiopia]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Sahle-Work Zewde]], [[President of Ethiopia]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Hailemariam Desalegn]], [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia]] (2012–2018)
**# [[Abiy Ahmed]], [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Gabon))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]], [[President of Gabon]] (2009–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet]], [[Prime Minister of Gabon]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|The Gambia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Adama Barrow]], [[President of the Gambia]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Ghana))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nana Akufo-Addo]], [[President of Ghana]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Guinea))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alpha Condé]], [[President of Guinea]] (2010–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Mamady Youla]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Ibrahima Kassory Fofana]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea]] (2018–2021)
*'''((flag|Guinea-Bissau))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[José Mário Vaz]], [[President of Guinea-Bissau]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Umaro Sissoco Embaló]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Artur Silva]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2018)
**#[[Aristides Gomes]], [[Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Ivory Coast))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alassane Ouattara]], [[President of the Ivory Coast]] (2010–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Amadou Gon Coulibaly]], [[Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Kenya))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], [[President of Kenya]] (2013–2022)
*'''((flag|Lesotho))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Letsie III of Lesotho|Letsie III]], [[King of Lesotho]] (1996–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Tom Thabane]], [[Prime Minister of Lesotho]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Liberia))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]], [[President of Liberia]] (2006–2018)
**# [[George Weah]], [[President of Liberia]] (2018–2024)
*'''Libya'''
**((flagdeco|Libya)) '''Government of [[House of Representatives (Libya)|House of Representatives of Libya]]'''  (Government of Libya internationally recognized to 12 March 2016)
***Head of State&nbsp;– [[Aguila Saleh Issa]], [[Chairman of the General National Congress|Chairman of the House of Representatives of Libya]] (co-claimant, 2014–2021)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdullah al-Thani]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (co-claimant, 2014–2021)
**((flagdeco|Libya)) '''[[Government of National Accord| Government of National Accord of Libya]]'''  (Interim government internationally recognized as the sole legitimate government of Libya from 12 March 2016)
***Head of State&nbsp;– [[Fayez al-Sarraj]], [[Presidential Council (Libya)|Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya]] (co-claimant, 2016–2021)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Fayez al-Sarraj]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Libya|Prime Minister of Libya]] (co-claimant, 2016–2021)
*'''((flag|Madagascar))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Hery Rajaonarimampianina]], [[President of Madagascar]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Rivo Rakotovao]], [[President of Madagascar|Acting President of Madagascar]] (2018–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana]], [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Christian Ntsay]], [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Malawi))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Peter Mutharika]], [[President of Malawi]] (2014–2020)
*'''((flag|Mali))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta]], [[President of Mali]] (2013–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga]], [[Prime Minister of Mali]] (2017–2019)
*'''((flag|Mauritania))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]], [[President of Mauritania]] (2009–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Yahya Ould Hademine]], [[Prime Minister of Mauritania]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir]], [[Prime Minister of Mauritania]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Mauritius))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Ameenah Gurib]], [[President of Mauritius]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Barlen Vyapoory]], [[President of Mauritius|Acting President of Mauritius]] (2018–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Pravind Jugnauth]], [[Prime Minister of Mauritius]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Morocco))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]], [[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[King of Morocco]] (1999–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Saadeddine Othmani]], [[Prime Minister of Morocco|Head of Government of Morocco]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Mozambique))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Filipe Nyusi]], [[President of Mozambique]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Carlos Agostinho do Rosário]], [[Prime Minister of Mozambique]] (2015–2022)
*'''((flag|Namibia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Hage Geingob]], [[President of Namibia]] (2015–2024)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Saara Kuugongelwa]], [[Prime Minister of Namibia]] (2015–present)
*'''((flag|Niger))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Mahamadou Issoufou]], [[President of Niger]] (2011–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Brigi Rafini]], [[Prime Minister of Niger]] (2011–2021)
*'''((flag|Nigeria))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Muhammadu Buhari]], [[President of Nigeria]] (2015–2023)
*((flag|Puntland)) (self-declared autonomous state)
**President&nbsp;– [[Abdiweli Mohamed Ali]], [[President of Puntland]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Rwanda))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Paul Kagame]], [[President of Rwanda]] (2000–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Édouard Ngirente]], [[Prime Minister of Rwanda]] (2017–present)
*((flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Lisa Honan]], [[Governor of Saint Helena]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|São Tomé and Príncipe))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Evaristo Carvalho]], [[President of São Tomé and Príncipe]] (2016–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Patrice Trovoada]], [[Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Jorge Bom Jesus]], [[Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe]] (2018–2022)
*'''((flag|Senegal))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Macky Sall]], [[President of Senegal]] (2012–2024)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mohammed Dionne]], [[Prime Minister of Senegal]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Seychelles))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Danny Faure]], [[President of Seychelles]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Sierra Leone))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Ernest Bai Koroma]], [[President of Sierra Leone]] (2007–2018)
**#[[Julius Maada Bio]], [[President of Sierra Leone]] (2018–present)
**Chief Minister&nbsp;– [[David J. Francis (politician)|David J. Francis]], [[List of heads of government of Sierra Leone|Chief Minister of Sierra Leone]] (2018–2021)
*'''((flag|Somalia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed]], [[President of Somalia]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Hassan Ali Khaire]], [[Prime Minister of Somalia]] (2017–2020)
**((flag|Somaliland)) ([[international recognition of Somaliland|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Muse Bihi Abdi]], [[President of Somaliland]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|South Africa))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Jacob Zuma]], [[Dinesh Kanagaratnam]], [[President of South Africa]] (2009–2018)
**#[[Cyril Ramaphosa]], [[President of South Africa]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|South Sudan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]], [[President of South Sudan]] (2011–present)
*'''((flag|Sudan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Omar al-Bashir]], [[President of Sudan]] (1989–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Bakri Hassan Saleh]], [[List of heads of government of Sudan|Prime Minister of Sudan]] (2017–2018)
**# [[Motazz Moussa]], [[List of heads of government of Sudan|Prime Minister of Sudan]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Eswatini))'''((Thinsp))((efn|The official name was changed from the Kingdom of Swaziland to the Kingdom of Eswatini on 9 April 2018.))
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Mswati III]], [[Rajendran]] [[King of Swaziland|King of Eswatini]] (1986–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini]], [[Prime Minister of Swaziland|Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2008–2018)
**#[[Vincent Mhlanga]], [[Prime Minister of Swaziland|Acting Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2018)
**#[[Mandvulo Ambrose Dlamini]], [[Prime Minister of Swaziland|Prime Minister of Eswatini]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Tanzania))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[John Magufuli]], [[President of Tanzania]] (2015–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kassim Majaliwa]], [[Prime Minister of Tanzania]] (2015–present)
*'''((flag|Togo))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Faure Gnassingbé]], [[President of Togo]] (2005–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Komi Sélom Klassou]], [[Prime Minister of Togo]] (2015–2020)
*'''((flag|Tunisia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Beji Caid Essebsi]], [[President of Tunisia]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Youssef Chahed]], [[Prime Minister of Tunisia|Head of Government of Tunisia]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Uganda))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], [[President of Uganda]] (1986–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ruhakana Rugunda]], [[Prime Minister of Uganda]] (2014–2021)
*((flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara)) ([[international recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|self-declared, partially recognised state]])
**President&nbsp;– [[Brahim Ghali]], [[President of Western Sahara]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Abdelkader Taleb Omar]], [[Prime Minister of Western Sahara]] (2003–2018)
**# [[Mohamed Wali Akeik]], [[Prime Minister of Western Sahara]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Zambia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Edgar Lungu]], [[President of Zambia]] (2015–2021)
*'''((flag|Zimbabwe))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]], [[President of Zimbabwe]] (2017–present)

==Asia==
*'''((flagcountry|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ashraf Ghani]], [[President of Afghanistan]] (2014–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdullah Abdullah]], [[Chief Executive Officer (Afghanistan)|Chief Executive Officer of Afghanistan]] (2014–2020)
*'''((flag|Bahrain))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]], [[King of Bahrain]] (1999–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Prince [[Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa]], [[Prime Minister of Bahrain]] (1970–2020)((Thinsp))((efn|Bahrain only became independent in 1971.))
*'''((flag|Bangladesh))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Abdul Hamid (politician)|Abdul Hamid]], [[President of Bangladesh]] (2013–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Sheikh Hasina]], [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] (2009–present)
*'''((flag|Bhutan))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], [[Druk Gyalpo|King of Bhutan]] (2006–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Tshering Tobgay]], [[Prime Minister of Bhutan]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Dasho Tshering Wangchuk]], [[Chief Advisor of Bhutan]] (2018)
**#[[Lotay Tshering]], [[Prime Minister of Bhutan]] (2018–2023)
*'''((flag|Brunei))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[Sultan of Brunei]] (1967–present)((Thinsp))((efn|Brunei only became independent in 1984.))
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Hassanal Bolkiah]], [[Prime Minister of Brunei]] (1984–present)
*'''((flag|Cambodia))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Norodom Sihamoni]], [[King of Cambodia]] (2004–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Hun Sen]], [[Prime Minister of Cambodia]] (1985–2023)((Thinsp))((efn|Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.))
*'''((flag|China|name=China (People's Republic of China)))'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Xi Jinping]], [[General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party]] (2012–present)
**President&nbsp;– [[Xi Jinping]], [[President of the People's Republic of China|President of China]] (2013–present)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Li Keqiang]], [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|Premier of the State Council of China]] (2013–2023)
**Officer&nbsp;– Sricharan Kasthurirangan, Blaaze
*'''((flag|East Timor))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Francisco Guterres]], [[President of East Timor]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Mari Alkatiri]], [[Prime Minister of East Timor]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Taur Matan Ruak]], [[Prime Minister of East Timor]] (2018–2023)
*'''((flag|India))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ram Nath Kovind]], [[President of India]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Narendra Modi]], [[Prime Minister of India]] (2014–present)
*'''((flag|Indonesia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Joko Widodo]], [[President of Indonesia]] (2014–present)
*'''((flag|Iran))'''
**Supreme Leader&nbsp;– Ayatollah [[Ali Khamenei]], [[Supreme Leader of Iran]] (1989–present)
**President&nbsp;– [[Hassan Rouhani]], [[President of Iran]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Iraq))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Fuad Masum]], [[President of Iraq]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Barham Salih]], [[President of Iraq]] (2018–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Haider al-Abadi]], [[Prime Minister of Iraq]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Adil Abdul-Mahdi]], [[Prime Minister of Iraq]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Israel))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Reuven Rivlin]], [[President of Israel]] (2014–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], [[Prime Minister of Israel]] (2009–2021)
*'''((flag|Japan))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Akihito]], [[Emperor of Japan]] (1989–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Shinzō Abe]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (2012–2020)
*'''((flag|Jordan))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Abdullah II of Jordan|Abdullah II]], [[King of Jordan]] (1999–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Hani Al-Mulki]], [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (2016–2018)
**# [[Omar Razzaz]], [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Kazakhstan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]], [[President of Kazakhstan]] (1990–2019)((Thinsp))((efn|Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.))
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Bakhytzhan Sagintayev]], [[Prime Minister of Kazakhstan]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|North Korea|name=North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)))'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Kim Jong-un]], [[Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea]] (2012–present)
**'' De facto'' Head of State&nbsp;– [[Kim Jong-un]], Chairman of the [[State Affairs Commission of the DPRK|State Affairs Commission of North Korea]]((Thinsp))((efn|Kim was referred to as ''[[supreme leader]]'' in 2011, and then appointed as First Chairman of the National Defence Commission in 2012 and Chairman of the State Affairs Commission in 2016 —having been ''[[de facto]]'' [[list of leaders of North Korea|leader]] of North Korea throughout.)) (2011–present)
**'' De jure'' Head of State&nbsp;– [[Kim Yong-nam]], [[Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly|Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea]] (1998–2019)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Pak Pong-ju]], [[Premier of North Korea|Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea]] (2013–2019)
*'''((flag|South Korea|name=South Korea (Republic of Korea)))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Moon Jae-in]], [[President of South Korea]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Lee Nak-yeon]], [[Prime Minister of South Korea]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Kuwait))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah]], [[Emir of Kuwait]] (2006–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah]], [[Prime Minister of Kuwait]] (2011–2019)
*'''((flag|Kyrgyzstan|1992))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sooronbay Jeenbekov]], [[President of Kyrgyzstan]] (2017–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Sapar Isakov]], [[Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev]], [[Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Laos))'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Bounnhang Vorachith]], [[General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party]] (2016–2021)
**President&nbsp;– [[Bounnhang Vorachith]], [[President of Laos]] (2016–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Thongloun Sisoulith]], [[Sathish]] [[Prime Minister of Laos|Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos]] (2016–2021)
*'''((flag|Lebanon))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Michel Aoun]], [[President of Lebanon]] (2016–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Saad Hariri]], [[Prime Minister of Lebanon|President of the Council of Ministers]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Malaysia))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Muhammad V of Kelantan|Muhammad V]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia]] (2016–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Najib Razak]], [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] (2009–2018)
**# [[Mahathir Mohamad]], [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Maldives))'''
**President&nbsp;– 
**# [[Abdulla Yameen]], [[President of the Maldives]] (2013–2018)
**# [[Ibrahim Mohamed Solih]], [[President of the Maldives]] (2018–2023)
*'''((flag|Mongolia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Khaltmaagiin Battulga]], [[President of Mongolia]] (2017–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh]], [[Prime Minister of Mongolia]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Myanmar))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Htin Kyaw]], [[President of Myanmar]] (2016–2018)
**# [[Myint Swe (general)|Myint Swe]], [[President of Myanmar|Acting President of Myanmar]] (2018)
**# [[Win Myint (politician, born 1951)|Win Myint]], [[President of Myanmar]] (2018–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Aung San Suu Kyi]], [[State Counsellor of Myanmar]] (2016–2021)
*'''((flag|Nepal))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Bidhya Devi Bhandari]], [[President of Nepal]] (2015–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– 
**#[[Sher Bahadur Deuba]], [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] (2017–2018)
**#[[KP Sharma Oli]], [[Prime Minister of Nepal]] (2018–2021)
*'''((flag|Oman))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]], [[Sultan of Oman]] (1970–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]], [[Prime Minister of Oman]] (1972–2020)
*'''((flag|Pakistan))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Mamnoon Hussain]], [[President of Pakistan]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Arif Alvi]], [[President of Pakistan]] (2018–2024)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Shahid Khaqan Abbasi]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Interim Prime Minister of Pakistan]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Nasirul Mulk]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Interim Prime Minister of Pakistan]] (2018)
**#[[Imran Khan]], [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] (2018–2022)
*'''((flag|Palestine))'''((Thinsp))((efn|Palestine continues to be administered ''[[de jure]]'' by the [[Palestinian National Authority]], and hence the Palestinian head of state and head of government jointly remain as both the [[President of the Palestinian National Authority|president]] and [[Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority|prime minister]] of this corresponding National Authority. Despite its existing status internationally as a somewhat mostly [[international recognition of the State of Palestine| recognized]] state, it remains an [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied]] state on the part of Israel in the [[West Bank]].))
**President&nbsp;– [[Mahmoud Abbas]], [[President of the State of Palestine|President of Palestine]] (2005–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Rami Hamdallah]], [[Prime Minister of the State of Palestine|Prime Minister of Palestine]] (2013–2019)
*'''((flag|Philippines))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Rodrigo Duterte]], [[President of the Philippines]] (2016–2022)
*'''((flag|Qatar))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]], [[Emir of Qatar]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani]], [[Prime Minister of Qatar]] (2013–2020)
*'''((flag|Saudi Arabia))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]], [[King of Saudi Arabia]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]], [[Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia]] (2015–2022)
*'''((flag|Singapore))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Halimah Yacob]], [[President of Singapore]] (2017–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Lee Hsien Loong]], [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] (2004–present)
*'''((flag|Sri Lanka))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Maithripala Sirisena]], [[President of Sri Lanka]] (2015–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Ranil Wickremesinghe]], [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Mahinda Rajapaksa]], [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka]] (2018)((Thinsp))((Efn|[[2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis|Disputed]] with [[Ranil Wickremesinghe]].))
**#[[Ranil Wickremesinghe]], [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka]] (2018–2019)
*'''Syria'''
**'''((flag|Syrian Arab Republic))'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Bashar al-Assad]], [[President of Syria]] (2000–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Imad Khamis]], [[Prime Minister of Syria]] (2016–2020)
**((flag|Syrian opposition|name=Syrian Interim Government)) ([[international recognition of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces|partially recognised]], [[Syrian Interim Government|rival government]])
***President&nbsp;–
***#[[Riad Seif]], [[President of the Syrian National Coalition]] (2017–2018)
***#[[Abdurrahman Mustafa]], [[President of the Syrian National Coalition]] (2018–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Jawad Abu Hatab]], [[Prime Minister of the Syrian National Coalition]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Taiwan|name=Taiwan (Republic of China)))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Tsai Ing-wen]], [[President of the Republic of China|President of Taiwan]] (2016–present)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[William Lai]], [[Premier of the Republic of China|President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan]] (2017–2019)
*'''((flag|Tajikistan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Emomali Rahmon]], [[President of Tajikistan]] (1992–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Kokhir Rasulzoda]], [[Prime Minister of Tajikistan]] (2013–present)
*'''((flag|Thailand))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Vajiralongkorn]], [[Monarchy of Thailand|King of Thailand]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]], [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] (2014–2023)
*'''((flag|Turkey))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]], [[President of Turkey]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Binali Yıldırım]], [[Prime Minister of Turkey]] (2016–2018)
*'''((flag|Turkmenistan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]], [[President of Turkmenistan]] (2006–2022)
*'''((flag|United Arab Emirates))'''
**President&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan]], [[President of the United Arab Emirates]] (2004–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], [[Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates]] (2006–present)
*'''((flag|Uzbekistan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]], [[President of Uzbekistan]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Abdulla Aripov]], [[Prime Minister of Uzbekistan]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Vietnam))'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam]] (2011–present)
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Trần Đại Quang]], [[President of Vietnam]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh]], [[President of Vietnam|Acting President of Vietnam]] (2018)
**#[[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], [[President of Vietnam]] (2018–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Nguyễn Xuân Phúc]], [[Prime Minister of Vietnam]] (2016–2021)
*'''Yemen'''
**'''((flag|Yemen|name=Republic of Yemen))'''
***President&nbsp;– [[Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi]], [[President of Yemen]] (2012–2022)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr]], [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed]], [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2018–2024)
**((flagicon image|Houthis emblem.svg))&nbsp; [[Supreme Political Council]] ([[international recognition of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee of Yemen|unrecognised]], [[Houthi Republic of Yemen|rival government]])
***Head of State&nbsp;– 
**#[[Saleh Ali al-Sammad]], [[Head of the Supreme Political Council |Head of the Supreme Political Council of Yemen]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Mahdi al-Mashat]], [[Head of the Supreme Political Council |Head of the Supreme Political Council of Yemen]] (2018–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour]], [[Prime Minister of Yemen]] (2016–present)

==Europe==
*'''((flag|Albania))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ilir Meta]], [[President of Albania]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Edi Rama]], [[Prime Minister of Albania]] (2013–present)
*'''((flag|Andorra))'''
**Monarchs&nbsp;–
***French Co-Prince&nbsp;– [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[Co-Princes of Andorra|French Co-prince of Andorra]] (2017–present)
****Co-Prince's Representative&nbsp;– [[Patrick Strzoda]] (2017–present)
***Episcopal Co-Prince&nbsp;– Archbishop [[Joan Enric Vives Sicília]], [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra]] (2003–present)
****Co-Prince's Representative&nbsp;– [[Josep Maria Mauri]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Antoni Martí]], [[Prime Minister of Andorra|Head of Government of Andorra]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|Armenia))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Serzh Sargsyan]], [[President of Armenia]] (2008–2018)
**#[[Armen Sarkissian]], [[President of Armenia]] (2018–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Karen Karapetyan]], [[Prime Minister of Armenia]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Serzh Sargsyan]], [[Prime Minister of Armenia]] (2018)
**#[[Karen Karapetyan]], [[Prime Minister of Armenia|Acting Prime Minister of Armenia]] (2018)
**#[[Nikol Pashinyan]], [[Prime Minister of Armenia]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Austria))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], [[President of Austria|Federal President of Austria]] (2017–present)
**Chancellor&nbsp;– [[Sebastian Kurz]], [[Chancellor of Austria|Federal Chancellor of Austria]] (2017–2019)
*'''((flag|Azerbaijan))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Ilham Aliyev]], [[President of Azerbaijan]] (2003–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Artur Rasizade]], [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]] (2003–2018)
**#[[Novruz Mammadov]], [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]] (2018–2019)
**((flag|Artsakh)) ([[international recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Bako Sahakyan]], [[President of Artsakh]] (2007–2020)
*'''((flag|Belarus))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Alexander Lukashenko]], [[President of Belarus]] (1994–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Andrei Kobyakov]], [[Prime Minister of Belarus]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Syarhey Rumas]], [[Prime Minister of Belarus]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Belgium|state))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]], [[monarchy of Belgium|King of the Belgians]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Charles Michel]], [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina))'''
**Head of State&nbsp;– [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
***Bosniak Member&nbsp;–
***#[[Bakir Izetbegović]] (2010–2018; [[Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], 2018)
***#[[Šefik Džaferović]] (2018–2022)
***Croat Member&nbsp;–
***#[[Dragan Čović]] (2014–2018; [[Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], 2017–2018)
***#[[Željko Komšić]] (2018–present)
***Serb Member&nbsp;–
***#[[Mladen Ivanić]] (2014–2018)
***#[[Milorad Dodik]] (2018–2022; [[Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], 2018–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Denis Zvizdić]], [[Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (2015–2019)
**High Representative&nbsp;– [[Valentin Inzko]], [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (2009–2021)
*'''((flag|Bulgaria))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Rumen Radev]], [[President of Bulgaria]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Boyko Borisov]], [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Croatia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović]], [[President of Croatia]] (2015–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Andrej Plenković]], [[Prime Minister of Croatia]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Cyprus))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nicos Anastasiades]], [[President of Cyprus]] (2013–2023)
**((flag|Northern Cyprus)) ([[international recognition of Northern Cyprus|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Mustafa Akıncı]], [[President of Northern Cyprus]] (2015–2020)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;–
***# [[Hüseyin Özgürgün]], [[Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus]] (2016–2018)
***# [[Tufan Erhürman]], [[Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Czech Republic))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Miloš Zeman]], [[President of the Czech Republic]] (2013–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Andrej Babiš]], [[Prime Minister of the Czech Republic]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Denmark))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], [[monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]] (1972–2024)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]], [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|Estonia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Kersti Kaljulaid]], [[President of Estonia]] (2016–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Jüri Ratas]], [[Prime Minister of Estonia]] (2016–2021)
*'''((flag|Finland))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sauli Niinistö]], [[President of Finland]] (2012–2024)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Juha Sipilä]], [[Prime Minister of Finland]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|France))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Emmanuel Macron]], [[President of France]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Édouard Philippe]], [[Prime Minister of France]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Georgia))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Giorgi Margvelashvili]], [[President of Georgia]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Salome Zurabishvili]], [[President of Georgia]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Giorgi Kvirikashvili]], [[Prime Minister of Georgia]] (2015–2018)
**# [[Mamuka Bakhtadze]], [[Prime Minister of Georgia]] (2018–2019)
**((flag|Abkhazia)) ([[international recognition of Abkhazia|partially recognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Raul Khajimba]], [[President of Abkhazia]] (2014–2020)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;–
***#[[Beslan Bartsits]], [[Prime Minister of Abkhazia]] (2016–2018)
***#[[Gennadi Gagulia]], [[Prime Minister of Abkhazia]] (2018)
***#[[Daur Arshba]], [[Prime Minister of Abkhazia|Acting Prime Minister of Abkhazia]]  (2018)
***#[[Valeri Bganba]], [[Prime Minister of Abkhazia]]  (2018–2020)
**((flag|South Ossetia)) ([[international recognition of South Ossetia|partially recognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Anatoliy Bibilov]], [[President of South Ossetia]] (2017–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Erik Pukhayev]], [[Prime Minister of South Ossetia]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Germany))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]], [[President of Germany|Federal President of Germany]] (2017–present)
**Chancellor&nbsp;– [[Angela Merkel]], [[Chancellor of Germany (1949–)|Federal Chancellor of Germany]] (2005–2021)
*((flag|Gibraltar)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Ed Davis (Royal Marines officer)|Ed Davis]], [[Governor of Gibraltar]] (2016–2020)
**Chief Minister&nbsp;– [[Fabian Picardo]], [[Chief Minister of Gibraltar]] (2011–present)
*'''((flag|Greece))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Prokopis Pavlopoulos]], [[President of Greece]] (2015–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Alexis Tsipras]], [[Prime Minister of Greece]] (2015–2019)
*((flag|Guernsey)) ([[Crown dependencies|Crown dependency]])
**Lieutenant-Governor&nbsp;– Sir [[Ian Corder]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey]] (2016–2021)
**President of the Policy and Resources Committee&nbsp;– [[Gavin St Pier]], [[Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey|President of the Policy and Resources Committee]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Hungary))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[János Áder]], [[President of Hungary]] (2012–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Viktor Orbán]], [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] (2010–present)
*'''((flag|Iceland))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Guðni Th. Jóhannesson]], [[President of Iceland]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Katrín Jakobsdóttir]], [[Prime Minister of Iceland]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Ireland))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Michael D. Higgins]], [[President of Ireland]] (2011–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Leo Varadkar]], [[Taoiseach|Taoiseach of Ireland]] (2017-2020)
*((flag|Isle of Man)) ([[Crown dependencies|Crown dependency]])
**Lieutenant-Governor&nbsp;– Sir [[Richard Gozney]], [[Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man]] (2016–present)
**Chief Minister&nbsp;– [[Howard Quayle]], [[Chief Minister of the Isle of Man]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Italy))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Sergio Mattarella]], [[President of Italy]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Paolo Gentiloni]], [[Prime Minister of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers of Italy]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Giuseppe Conte]], [[Prime Minister of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers of Italy]] (2018–2021)
*((flag|Jersey)) ([[Crown dependencies|Crown dependency]])
**Lieutenant-Governor&nbsp;– [[Sir Stephen Dalton]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Jersey]] (2017–present)
**Chief Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Ian Gorst]], [[Chief Minister of Jersey]] (2011–2018)
**#[[John Le Fondré]], [[Chief Minister of Jersey]] (2018–2022)
*((flag|Kosovo)) ([[international recognition of Kosovo|partially recognised, secessionist state]]; [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|under nominal international administration]])((Thinsp))((disputed inline|Kosovo as a subentry to Serbia (and subentry layout in general)|date=March 2016))
**President&nbsp;– [[Hashim Thaçi]], [[President of Kosovo]] (2016–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ramush Haradinaj]], [[Prime Minister of Kosovo]] (2017–2020)
**UN Special Representative&nbsp;– [[Zahir Tanin]], [[Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Kosovo|Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo]] (2015–present)
*'''((flag|Latvia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Raimonds Vējonis]], [[President of Latvia]] (2015–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Māris Kučinskis]], [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Liechtenstein))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Hans-Adam II]], [[Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein]] (1989–present)
**Regent&nbsp;– Hereditary Prince [[Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein|Alois]], [[Regent of Liechtenstein]] (2004–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Adrian Hasler]], [[Prime Minister of Liechtenstein|Head of Government of Liechtenstein]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Lithuania))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]], [[President of Lithuania]] (2009–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Saulius Skvernelis]], [[Prime Minister of Lithuania]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Luxembourg))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Henri]], [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (2000–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Xavier Bettel]], [[Prime Minister of Luxembourg]] (2013–2023)
*'''((flag|Macedonia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Gjorge Ivanov]], [[President of Macedonia]] (2009–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Zoran Zaev]], [[Prime Minister of Macedonia|President of the Government of Macedonia]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Malta))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Marie Louise Coleiro Preca]], [[President of Malta]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Joseph Muscat]], [[Prime Minister of Malta]] (2013–2020)
*'''((flag|Moldova))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Igor Dodon]], [[President of Moldova]] (2016–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Pavel Filip]], [[Prime Minister of Moldova]] (2016–2019)
**((flag|Transnistria|state)) ([[international recognition of Transnistria|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
***President&nbsp;– [[Vadim Krasnoselsky]], [[President of Transnistria]] (2016–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Aleksandr Martynov (Transnistrian politician)|Aleksandr Martynov]], [[Prime Minister of Transnistria]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Monaco))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]], [[monarchy of Monaco|Sovereign Prince of Monaco]] (2005–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Serge Telle]], [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State of Monaco]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Montenegro))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Filip Vujanović]], [[President of Montenegro]] (2003–2018)((Thinsp))((efn|Montenegro only became independent in 2006.))
**#[[Milo Đukanović]], [[President of Montenegro]] (2018–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Duško Marković]], [[Prime Minister of Montenegro]] (2016–2020)
*((flag|Nagorno-Karabakh)) ([[international recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh|unrecognised, secessionist state]])
**''see under Artsakh''
*'''((flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], [[monarchy of the Netherlands|King of the Netherlands]] (2013–present)
**((flag|Netherlands)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]])
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mark Rutte]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (2010–present)
**((flag|Aruba)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]])
***''see under [[#North America|North America]]''
**((flag|Curaçao)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]])
***''see under [[#North America|North America]]''
**((flag|Sint Maarten)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]])
***''see under [[#North America|North America]]''
*'''((flag|Norway))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], [[monarchy of Norway|King of Norway]] (1991–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Erna Solberg]], [[Prime Minister of Norway]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Poland))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Andrzej Duda]], [[President of Poland]] (2015–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Mateusz Morawiecki]], [[Prime Minister of Poland|Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland]] (2017–2023)
*'''((flag|Portugal))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]], [[President of Portugal]] (2016–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[António Costa]], [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] (2015–2024)
*'''((flag|Romania))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Klaus Iohannis]], [[President of Romania]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Mihai Tudose]], [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Mihai Fifor]], [[Prime Minister of Romania|Acting Prime Minister of Romania]] (2018)
**#[[Viorica Dăncilă]], [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Russia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Vladimir Putin]], [[President of Russia]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dmitry Medvedev]], [[Prime Minister of Russia|Chairman of the Government of Russia]] (2012–2020)
*'''((flag|San Marino))'''
**Captains-Regent&nbsp;–
**#[[Enrico Carattoni]] and [[Matteo Fiorini]], [[Captains Regent|Captains Regent of San Marino]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Stefano Palmieri]] and [[Matteo Ciacci]], [[Captains Regent|Captains Regent of San Marino]] (2018)
**#[[Mirko Tomassoni]] and [[Luca Santolini]], [[Captains Regent|Captains Regent of San Marino]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Serbia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Aleksandar Vučić]], [[President of Serbia]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ana Brnabić]], [[Prime Minister of Serbia]] (2017–2024)
*'''((flag|Slovakia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Andrej Kiska]], [[President of Slovakia]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Robert Fico]], [[Prime Minister of Slovakia]] (2012–2018)
**# [[Peter Pellegrini]], [[Prime Minister of Slovakia]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Slovenia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Borut Pahor]], [[President of Slovenia]] (2012–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Miro Cerar]], [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Marjan Šarec]], [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]] (2018–2020)
*'''((flag|Spain))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]], [[monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Mariano Rajoy]], [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Government of Spain]] (2011–2018)
**#[[Pedro Sánchez (Spanish politician)|Pedro Sánchez]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Government of Spain]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Sweden))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]], [[monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]] (1973–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Stefan Löfven]], [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] (2014–2021)
*'''((flag|Switzerland))'''
**Council&nbsp;– [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council of Switzerland]]((Thinsp))((efn|The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is [[head of state]] and [[head of government|government]] collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a ''[[primus inter pares]]'' capacity for one year.))
***Members&nbsp;– <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Doris Leuthard]] (2006–2018), [[Ueli Maurer]] (2009–2022), [[Johann Schneider-Ammann]] (2010–2018), [[Simonetta Sommaruga]] (2010–2022), [[Alain Berset]] (2012–2023; [[President of the Swiss Confederation|President of Switzerland]], 2018), [[Guy Parmelin]] (2016–present) and [[Ignazio Cassis]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|Ukraine))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Petro Poroshenko]], [[President of Ukraine]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Volodymyr Groysman]], [[Prime Minister of Ukraine]] (2016–2019)
**((flag|Donetsk People's Republic)) (unrecognised, secessionist state)
***President&nbsp;–
***#[[Alexander Zakharchenko]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|President of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014–2018)
***#[[Dmitry Trapeznikov]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|Acting President of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2018)
***#[[Denis Pushilin]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|President of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2018–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;–
***#[[Alexander Zakharchenko]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|Prime Minister of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2014–2018)
***#[[Dmitry Trapeznikov]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|Acting Prime Minister of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2018)
***#[[Denis Pushilin]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|Acting Prime Minister of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2018)
***#[[Alexander Ananchenko|Aleksander Ananchenko]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|Prime Minister of Donetsk People's Republic]] (2018–present)
**((flagicon image|Flag of the Lugansk People's Republic (Official).svg)) [[Luhansk People's Republic]] (unrecognised, secessionist state)
***President&nbsp;– [[Leonid Pasechnik]], [[Luhansk People's Republic|Head of state of Luhansk People's Republic]] (2017–present)
***Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Sergey Kozlov (politician)|Sergey Kozlov]], [[Luhansk People's Republic|Prime Minister of Luhansk People's Republic]] (2015–present)
*'''((flag|United Kingdom))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen of the United Kingdom]] (1952–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Theresa May]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (2016–2019)
*'''((flag|Vatican City))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Pope]] [[Pope Francis|Francis]], [[list of sovereigns of Vatican City State|Sovereign of Vatican City]] (2013–present)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– Cardinal [[Giuseppe Bertello]], [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Governorate of Vatican City]] (2011–2021)
**[[Holy See]] ([[legal status of the Holy See|''sui generis'' subject]] of [[public international law]])
***Secretary of State&nbsp;– Cardinal [[Pietro Parolin]], [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] (2013–present)

==North America==
*((flag|Anguilla)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Tim Foy]], [[Governor of Anguilla]] (2017–2020)
**Chief Minister&nbsp;– [[Victor Banks]], [[Chief Minister of Anguilla]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|Antigua and Barbuda))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda|Queen of Antigua and Barbuda]] (1981–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Rodney Williams (governor-general)|Rodney Williams]], [[Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda]] (2014–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Gaston Browne]], [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] (2014–present)
*((flag|Aruba)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Alfonso Boekhoudt]], [[Governor of Aruba]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Evelyn Wever-Croes]], [[Prime Minister of Aruba]] (2017–present)
*'''((flag|The Bahamas))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of the Bahamas|Queen of the Bahamas]] (1973–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Dame [[Marguerite Pindling]], [[Governor-General of the Bahamas]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Hubert Minnis]], [[Prime Minister of the Bahamas]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Barbados))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Barbados|Queen of Barbados]] (1966–2021)
**Governor-General&nbsp;–
**# Sir [[Philip Greaves]], [[Governor-General of Barbados|Acting Governor-General of Barbados]] (2017–2018)
**# Dame [[Sandra Mason]], [[Governor-General of Barbados]] (2018–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Freundel Stuart]], [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] (2010–2018)
**# [[Mia Mottley]], [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] (2018–present)
*'''((flag|Belize|1981))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Belize|Queen of Belize]] (1981–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Colville Young]], [[Governor-General of Belize]] (1993–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Dean Barrow]], [[Prime Minister of Belize]] (2008–2020)
*((flag|Bermuda)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[John Rankin (diplomat)|John Rankin]], [[Governor of Bermuda]] (2016–2020)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Edward David Burt]], [[Premier of Bermuda]] (2017–present)
*((flag|British Virgin Islands)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Augustus Jaspert]], [[Governor of the Virgin Islands|Governor of the British Virgin Islands]] (2017–2021)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Orlando Smith]], [[Premier of the Virgin Islands|Premier of the British Virgin Islands]] (2011–2019)
*'''((flag|Canada))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Canada|Queen of Canada]] (1952–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– [[Julie Payette]], [[Governor General of Canada]] (2017–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Justin Trudeau]], [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (2015–present)
*((flag|Cayman Islands)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;–
**# [[Helen Kilpatrick]], [[Governor of the Cayman Islands]] (2013–2018)
**# [[Franz Manderson]], [[Governor of the Cayman Islands|Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands]] (2018)
**# [[Anwar Choudhury]], [[Governor of the Cayman Islands]] (2018)
**# [[Franz Manderson]], [[Governor of the Cayman Islands|Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands]] (2018)
**# [[Martyn Roper]], [[Governor of the Cayman Islands]] (2018–2023)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Alden McLaughlin]], [[Premier of the Cayman Islands]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Costa Rica))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Luis Guillermo Solís]], [[President of Costa Rica]] (2014–2018)
**#[[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]], [[President of Costa Rica]] (2018–2022)
*'''((flag|Cuba))'''
**Communist Party Leader&nbsp;– [[Raúl Castro]], [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]] (2011–2021)
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Raúl Castro]], [[President of Cuba|President of the Council of State of Cuba]] (2008–2018)
**#[[Miguel Díaz-Canel]], [[President of Cuba|President of the Council of State of Cuba]] (2018–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Raúl Castro]], [[Prime Minister of Cuba|President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba]] (2008–2018)
**#[[Miguel Díaz-Canel]], [[Prime Minister of Cuba|President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba]] (2018–2019)
*((flag|Curaçao)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Lucille George-Wout]], [[Governor of Curaçao]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Eugene Rhuggenaath]], [[Prime Minister of Curaçao]] (2017–2021)
*'''((flag|Dominica))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Charles Savarin]], [[President of Dominica]] (2013–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Roosevelt Skerrit]], [[Prime Minister of Dominica]] (2004–present)
*'''((flag|Dominican Republic))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Danilo Medina]], [[President of the Dominican Republic]] (2012–2020)
*'''((flag|El Salvador))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Salvador Sánchez Cerén]], [[President of El Salvador]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Grenada))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Grenada|Queen of Grenada]] (1974–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Dame [[Cécile La Grenade]], [[Governor-General of Grenada]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Keith Mitchell]], [[Prime Minister of Grenada]] (2013–2022)
*'''((flag|Guatemala))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Jimmy Morales]], [[President of Guatemala]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Haiti))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Jovenel Moïse]], [[President of Haiti]] (2017–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Jack Guy Lafontant]], [[Prime Minister of Haiti]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Jean-Henry Céant]], [[Prime Minister of Haiti]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Honduras|1949))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Juan Orlando Hernández]], [[President of Honduras]] (2014–2022)
*'''((flag|Jamaica))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Jamaica|Queen of Jamaica]] (1962–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Patrick Allen (politician)|Patrick Allen]], [[Governor-General of Jamaica]] (2009–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Andrew Holness]], [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] (2016–present)
*'''((flag|Mexico))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Enrique Peña Nieto]], [[President of Mexico]] (2012–2018)
**# [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]], [[President of Mexico]] (2018–present)
*((flag|Montserrat)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– 
**#[[Elizabeth Carriere]], [[Governor of Montserrat]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Lyndell Simpson]], [[Governor of Montserrat|Acting Governor of Montserrat]] (2018)
**#[[Andrew Pearce (diplomat)|Andrew Pearce]], [[Governor of Montserrat]] (2018–2022)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Donaldson Romeo]], [[Premier of Montserrat]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Nicaragua))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Daniel Ortega]], [[President of Nicaragua]] (2007–present)
*'''((flag|Panama))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Juan Carlos Varela]], [[President of Panama]] (2014–2019)
*((flag|Puerto Rico)) ([[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the [[United States]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Ricardo Rosselló]], [[Governor of Puerto Rico]] (2017–2019)
*((flagdeco|Saint Barthélemy))&nbsp;((flag|Saint Barthélemy|local)) ([[overseas collectivity]] of [[France]])
**Prefect&nbsp;–
**#[[Anne Laubies]], [[Prefect of Saint Barthélemy]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Sylvie Daniélo-Feucher]], [[Prefect of Saint Barthélemy]] (2018–2020)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– [[Bruno Magras]], [[Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy|President of the Territorial Council of Saint Barthélemy]] (2007–2022)
*'''((flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (1983–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Tapley Seaton]], [[Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (2015–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Timothy Harris]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] (2015–2022)
*'''((flag|Saint Lucia))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Saint Lucia|Queen of Saint Lucia]] (1979–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– 
**#[[Emsco Remy]], [[Governor-General of Saint Lucia|Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia]]  (2018)
**#Sir [[Neville Cenac]], [[Governor-General of Saint Lucia]]  (2018–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Allen Chastanet]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Lucia]] (2016–2021)
*((flag|Saint Martin)) ([[overseas collectivity]] of [[France]])
**Prefect&nbsp;–
**#[[Anne Laubies]], [[Prefect of Saint Barthélemy]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Sylvie Daniélo-Feucher]], [[Prefect of Saint Barthélemy]] (2018–2020)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– [[Daniel Gibbs]], [[Territorial Council of Saint Martin|President of the Territorial Council of Saint Martin]] (2017–2022)
*((flagdeco|Saint Pierre and Miquelon))&nbsp;((flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local)) ([[overseas collectivity]] of [[France]])
**Prefect&nbsp;–
**#[[Henri Jean]], [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] (2016–2018)
**#[[Thierry Devimeux]], [[Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] (2018–2021)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– [[Stéphane Lenormand]], [[President of the Territorial Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] (2017–2020)
*'''((flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (1979–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Frederick Ballantyne]], [[Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (2002–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Ralph Gonsalves]], [[Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] (2001–present)
*((flag|Sint Maarten)) ([[Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands|constituent country]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Eugene Holiday]], [[Governor of Sint Maarten]] (2010–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**# [[Rafael Boasman]], [[Prime Minister of Sint Maarten|Acting Prime Minister of Sint Maarten]] (2017–2018)
**# [[Leona Marlin-Romeo]], [[Prime Minister of Sint Maarten]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Trinidad and Tobago))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Anthony Carmona]], [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Paula-Mae Weekes]], [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] (2018–2023)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Keith Rowley]], [[Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]] (2015–present)
*((flag|Turks and Caicos Islands)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[John Freeman (diplomat)|John Freeman]], [[Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands]] (2016–2019)
**Premier&nbsp;– [[Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson]], [[Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands]] (2016–2021)
*'''((flag|United States))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Donald Trump]], [[President of the United States]] (2017–2021)
*((flag|United States Virgin Islands)) ([[insular area]] of the [[United States]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Kenneth Mapp]], [[Governor of the United States Virgin Islands]] (2015–2019)

==Oceania==
*((flag|American Samoa)) ([[Territories of the United States|unorganised]], [[territories of the United States|unincorporated territory]] of the [[United States]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Lolo Matalasi Moliga]], [[Governor of American Samoa]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Australia))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Australia|Queen of Australia]] (1952–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Peter Cosgrove]], [[Governor-General of Australia]] (2014–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Malcolm Turnbull]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (2015–2018)
**#[[Scott Morrison]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (2018–2022)
*((flag|Christmas Island)) ([[Australian Indian Ocean Territories|external territory]] of [[Australia]])
**Administrator&nbsp;– [[Natasha Griggs]], [[Administrator of Christmas Island]] (2017–2022)
**Shire-President&nbsp;– [[Gordon Thomson (Christmas Island administrator)|Gordon Thomson]], [[President of Shire of Christmas Island Shire Council|Shire president of Christmas Island]] (2013–present)
*((flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands)) ([[Australian Indian Ocean Territories|external territory]] of [[Australia]])
**Administrator&nbsp;– [[Natasha Griggs]], [[Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] (2017–2022)
**Shire-President&nbsp;– Seri Wati Iku, [[President of the Shire of Cocos Council|Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] (2017–2019)
*((flag|Cook Islands)) ([[associated state]] of [[New Zealand]])
**Queen's Representative&nbsp;– Sir [[Tom Marsters]], [[Queen's Representative|Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands]] (2013–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Henry Puna]], [[Prime Minister of the Cook Islands]] (2010–2020)
*'''((flag|Fiji))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Jioji Konrote]], [[President of Fiji]] (2015–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Frank Bainimarama]], [[Prime Minister of Fiji]] (2007–2022)
*((flagdeco|French Polynesia|1946))&nbsp;((flag|French Polynesia)) ([[overseas collectivity]] of [[France]])
**High Commissioner&nbsp;– [[René Bidal]], [[High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia]] (2016–2019)
**President&nbsp;– [[Édouard Fritch]], [[President of French Polynesia]] (2014–2023)
*((flag|Guam)) ([[insular area]] of the [[United States]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Eddie Baza Calvo]], [[Governor of Guam]] (2011–2019)
*'''((flag|Kiribati))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Taneti Mamau]], [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[President of Kiribati]] (2016–present)<ref>((cite news|title=Taneti Maamau declared new president of Kiribati|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/298579/taneti-maamau-declared-new-president-of-kiribati|accessdate=10 April 2016|work=Radio New Zealand))</ref>
*'''((flag|Marshall Islands))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Hilda Heine]], [[President of the Marshall Islands]] (2016–2020)
*'''((flag|Micronesia))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Peter M. Christian]], [[President of Micronesia]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|Nauru))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Baron Waqa]], [[President of Nauru]] (2013–2019)
*((flagdeco|New Caledonia|1853))&nbsp;((flag|New Caledonia)) ([[overseas departments and territories of France#Special collectivity|''sui generis'' collectivity]] of [[France]])
**High Commissioner&nbsp;– [[Thierry Lataste]], [[High Commissioner of New Caledonia]] (2016–2019)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– [[Philippe Germain]], [[President of the Government of New Caledonia]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|New Zealand))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of New Zealand|Queen of New Zealand]] (1952–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Dame [[Patsy Reddy]], [[Governor-General of New Zealand]] (2016–2021)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Jacinda Ardern]], [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] (2017–2023)
**#[[Winston Peters]], [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Acting Prime Minister of New Zealand]] (2018)
*((flag|Niue)) ([[associated state]] of [[New Zealand]])
**Premier&nbsp;– Sir [[Toke Talagi]], [[Premier of Niue]] (2008–2020)
*((flag|Northern Mariana Islands)) ([[Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)|Commonwealth]] of the [[United States]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Ralph Torres]], [[Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands]] (2015–2023)
*'''((flag|Palau))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Tommy Remengesau]], [[President of Palau]] (2013–2021)
*'''((flag|Papua New Guinea))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Papua New Guinea|Queen of Papua New Guinea]] (1975–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Bob Dadae]], [[Governor-General of Papua New Guinea]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Peter O'Neill]], [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea]] (2011–2019)
*((flag|Pitcairn Islands)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;–
**#[[Robin Shackell]], [[Governor of Pitcairn|Acting Governor of the Pitcairn Islands]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Laura Clarke]], [[Governor of Pitcairn]] (2018–2022)
**Mayor&nbsp;– [[Shawn Christian (mayor)|Shawn Christian]], [[Mayor of Pitcairn|Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Samoa))'''
**Head of State&nbsp;– [[Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II]], [[O le Ao o le Malo|O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa]] (2017–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi]], [[Prime Minister of Samoa]] (1998–2021)
*'''((flag|Solomon Islands))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of the Solomon Islands|Queen of the Solomon Islands]] (1978–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Frank Kabui]], [[Governor-General of the Solomon Islands]] (2009–2019)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Rick Houenipwela]], [[Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands]] (2017–2019)
*((flag|Tokelau)) ([[dependent territory]] of [[New Zealand]])
**Administrator&nbsp;–
**#[[Jonathan Kings]], [[Administrator of Tokelau]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Ross Ardern]], [[Administrator of Tokelau]] (2018–2022)
**Head of Government&nbsp;–
**#[[Siopili Perez]], [[list of heads of government of Tokelau|Head of Government of Tokelau]] (2017–2018)
**#[[Afega Gaualofa]], [[list of heads of government of Tokelau|Head of Government of Tokelau]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Tonga))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Tupou VI]], [[monarchy of Tonga|King of Tonga]] (2012–present)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[ʻAkilisi Pōhiva]], [[Prime Minister of Tonga]] (2014–2019)
*'''((flag|Tuvalu))'''
**Monarch&nbsp;– [[Elizabeth II]], [[monarchy of Tuvalu|Queen of Tuvalu]] (1978–2022)
**Governor-General&nbsp;– Sir [[Iakoba Italeli]], [[Governor-General of Tuvalu]] (2010–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Enele Sopoaga]], [[Prime Minister of Tuvalu]] (2013–2019)
*'''((flag|Vanuatu))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Tallis Obed Moses]], [[President of Vanuatu]] (2017–2022)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Charlot Salwai]], [[Prime Minister of Vanuatu]] (2016–2020)
*((flagdeco|Wallis and Futuna))&nbsp;((flag|Wallis and Futuna|local)) ([[overseas collectivity]] of [[France]])
**Administrator&nbsp;–
**#[[Christophe Lotigie]], [[Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna|Acting Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna]] (2018–2019)
**#[[Jean-Francis Treffel]], [[Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna]] (2017–2018)
**Head of Government&nbsp;– [[David Vergé]], [[President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna]] (2017–2019)

==South America==
*'''((flag|Argentina))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Mauricio Macri]], [[President of Argentina]] (2015–2019)
*'''((flag|Bolivia|state))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Evo Morales]], [[President of Bolivia]] (2006–2019)
*'''((flag|Brazil))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Michel Temer]], [[President of Brazil]] (2016–2018)
*'''((flag|Chile))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Michelle Bachelet]], [[President of Chile]] (2014–2018)
**# [[Sebastián Piñera]], [[President of Chile]] (2018–2022)
*'''((flag|Colombia))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Juan Manuel Santos]], [[President of Colombia]] (2010–2018)
**#[[Iván Duque Márquez]], [[President of Colombia]] (2018–2022)
*'''((flag|Ecuador))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Lenín Moreno]], [[President of Ecuador]] (2017–2021)
*((flag|Falkland Islands)) ([[British Overseas Territories|Overseas Territory]] of the [[United Kingdom]])
**Governor&nbsp;– [[Nigel Phillips]], [[Governor of the Falkland Islands]] (2017–2022)
*'''((flag|Guyana))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[David A. Granger]], [[President of Guyana]] (2015–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;– [[Moses Nagamootoo]], [[Prime Minister of Guyana]] (2015–2020)
*'''((flag|Paraguay))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**#[[Horacio Cartes]], [[President of Paraguay]] (2013–2018)
**#[[Mario Abdo Benítez]], [[President of Paraguay]] (2018–2023)
*'''((flag|Peru))'''
**President&nbsp;–
**# [[Pedro Pablo Kuczynski]], [[President of Peru]] (2016–2018)
**# [[Martín Vizcarra]], [[President of Peru]] (2018–2020)
**Prime Minister&nbsp;–
**#[[Mercedes Aráoz]], [[Prime Minister of Peru|President of the Council of Ministers of Peru]] (2017–2018)
**#[[César Villanueva]], [[Prime Minister of Peru|President of the Council of Ministers of Peru]] (2018–2019)
*'''((flag|Suriname))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Dési Bouterse]], [[President of Suriname]] (2010–2020)
*'''((flag|Uruguay))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Tabaré Vázquez]], [[President of Uruguay]] (2015–2020)
*'''((flag|Venezuela))'''
**President&nbsp;– [[Nicolás Maduro]], [[President of Venezuela]] (2013–present)

==See also==
*[[List of current heads of state and government]]

==Notes==
((notelist|35em))

== References ==
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
*[http://cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/(filtro)/activos#.VGNX6BODPNw/ CIDOB Foundation] ((in lang|es))((emdash))contextualised biographies of world political leaders
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160223222318/http://www.portalestoria.net/rulers%20countryby.htm Portale Storia] ((in lang|es))((emdash))a list of current rulers by country
*[http://rulers.org/ Rulers]((emdash))a list of rulers throughout time and places
*[http://worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen]((emdash))an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

((Lists of 21st-century state leaders))

((DEFAULTSORT:State leaders in 2018))
[[Category:2018 in politics|State leaders]]
[[Category:2018-related lists|State leaders]]
[[Category:2018 in international relations|State leaders]]
[[Category: Lists of state leaders by year|2018]]

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List of state leaders in 2018 (edit)
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