This is a list of people who were murdered in the Sobibor extermination camp. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum states that at least 170,000 people were murdered there. The Dutch Sobibor Foundation lists a calculated total of 170,165 people and cites the Höfle Telegram among its sources, while noting that other estimates range up to 300,000. For practical reasons it is not possible to list all the people murdered at the camp. The operatives of the Nazi regime not only robbed Jews of their earthly possessions and their lives but attempted to eradicate all traces of their existence as they engaged in the genocidal policies of the Final Solution.[1][2]

Male
Female
Name Date of birth Date of death Age Nationality Faith Notes
Mozes Jacobs[3] November 26, 1905 July 9, 1943 37 years, 225 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast. Participated at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.[4]
Walter M. Poppert[5] March 26, 1914 October 30, 1943 29 years, 218 days German Jewish Husband of Gertrud Poppert née Schönborn. In 1943, he was foreman of the Waldkommando in the Sobibor Extermination camp.[6]
Max van Dam[7][8] March 19, 1910 September 20, 1943 33 years, 185 days Dutch Jewish Artist
Abraham de Oliveira[4] May 4, 1880 March 26, 1943 62 years, 326 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast
Isidore Goudeket[4] August 1, 1883 July 9, 1943 59 years, 342 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast
Anna Dresden-Polak[4] November 24, 1906 July 23, 1943 36 years, 241 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast. Her husband Barend Dresden was murdered at Auschwitz on November 30, 1944.
Eva Dresden[9] June 26, 1937[10] July 23, 1943 6 years Dutch Jewish Daughter of Anna Dresden-Polak and Barend Dresden (murdered at Auschwitz, November 30, 1944).
Jud Simons[11] August 20, 1904 March 20, 1943 38 years, 212 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast[4]
Bernard Salomon Themans[12] April 5, 1909 March 20, 1943 33 years, 349 days Dutch Jewish Husband of Judik Themans née Simons.
Sonja Themans[13] March 9, 1938 March 20, 1943 5 years Dutch Jewish Daughter of Judik Themans née Simons and Bernard Themans.
Leon Themans[14] February 28, 1940 March 20, 1943 3 years Dutch Jewish Son of Judik Themans née Simons and Bernard Themans
Emanuel Querido August 6, 1871 July 23, 1943 71 years, 320 days Dutch Jewish Publisher. His wife was also murdered at the camp at the same time.
Leo Smit[15][16] May 14, 1900 April 30, 1943 42 years, 351 days Dutch Jewish Composer
Michel Velleman January 5, 1895 July 2, 1943 48 years, 178 days Dutch Jewish Magician
Helga Deen[17][18] April 6, 1925 July 16, 1943 18 years, 101 days German Jewish Diarist. Her parents and brother were murdered at the same time.
Else Feldmann[19] February 25, 1884 June 1942 57 or 58 years Austrian Jewish Writer, playwright, poet, socialist journalist
Jakob van Hoddis[20] May 16, 1887 c.April 30, 1942 54 years, 349 days German Jewish Poet, generally regarded with writing the preliminary expressionist poem, inspiring countless poets[21] Mentally ill, transported to Sobibor along with the 500 patients and staff of his sanitorium on April 30, 1942, all of whom perished.
Han Hollander[22] October 5, 1886 July 9, 1943 56 years, 277 days Dutch Jewish First Dutch radio sports journalist
Leentje Hollander-Smeer[23] October 6, 1886 July 9, 1943 56 years, 276 days Dutch Jewish Wife of Han Hollander. Their daughter Froukje Esther Waterman-Hollander was murdered at Auschwitz on February 28, 1943.
Elisabeth Kleerekoper[24] October 14, 1928 July 2, 1943 14 years, 261 days Dutch Jewish Daughter of Gerrit Kleerekoper and Kaatje Kleerekoper-
Gerrit Kleerekoper[25] February 15, 1897 July 2, 1943 46 years, 137 days Dutch Jewish Coach of the women's gymnastic team which won the gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam[4]
Kaatje Kleerekoper-Ossedrijver[26] August 29, 1895 July 2, 1943 47 years, 307 days Dutch Jewish Spouse of Gerrit Kleerekoper
Abraham Kloot[27] July 28, 1902 July 2, 1943 40 years, 339 days Dutch Jewish Spouse of Helena Kloot née Nordheim
Kurt Lilien[28] August 6, 1882 May 28, 1943 60 years, 295 days German Jewish Film and stage actor
Helena Nordheim[29] August 1, 1903 July 2, 1943 39 years, 335 days Dutch Jewish Gymnast, member of the women's gymnastic team which won the gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam[4]
Rebecca Kloot[30] April 12, 1933 July 2, 1943 10 years, 81 days Dutch Jewish Daughter of Helena Kloot née Nordheim and Abraham Kloot

Survivors of Sobibor

Main article: List of survivors of Sobibór

There are fifty-eight known survivors; forty-nine male and ten female,[citation needed] among those who were in the camp as Arbeitshäftlinge, deportees selected from arriving transports to perform slave-labour for the daily operation of the camp. Their time in the camp ranged from several weeks to almost two years. A handful of Arbeitshäftlinge managed to escape while assigned to the Waldkommando, inmate details assigned the task of felling and preparing trees for the body disposal pyres. The majority of the survivors among Sobibor's Arbeitshäftlinge survived as a result of their camp-wide revolt on October 14, 1943. Dutch historian Jules Schelvis estimated that 158 inmates perished in the revolt, killed by the guards and the minefield surrounding the camp, and that a further 107 were re-captured and murdered by the SS, Wehrmacht and Police units tasked with pursuing the escapees. He estimates that another 53 escapees died of other causes between the day of the revolt and May 8, 1945. In the aftermath of the revolt, the remaining camp inmates were murdered and the camp dismantled. Schelvis estimated that at the time of the escape there had been approximately 650 inmates in the camp.[6]

Among the Sobibor survivors are also those who were spared the gas chambers in the camp as a result of transfer to slave-labour camps in the Lublin district, after selections upon arrival at Sobibor. These people spent several hours at Sobibor and were transferred almost immediately to slave-labour camps, including Majdanek and Alter Flugplatz camp in the city of Lublin, where materials looted from the gassed victims were prepared for shipment and distribution, and forced labour camps such as Krychów, Dorohucza and Trawniki. Estimates for the number of people selected in Sobibor range up to several thousand, of whom many perished in captivity before the end of the Nazi regime. The total number of survivors in this cohort includes 16 known survivors, 13 women and 3 men, from among the 34,313 people deported to Sobibor from the Netherlands.[6]

References

  1. ^ Sobibor: Chronology at the USHMM
  2. ^ History Sobibor at the Dutch Sobibor Foundation.
  3. ^ Mozes Jacobs in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Schaffer, Kay; Smith, Sidonie (2000). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Rutgers University Press. pp. 60–62. ISBN 9780813528205.
  5. ^ Walter M. Poppert, in the German Federal Archives Memorial Book.
  6. ^ a b c Schelvis, Jules (2008). Vernietigingskamp Sobibor. De Bataafsche Leeuw. ISBN 9789067076296.
  7. ^ Scholtz, Wim, ed. (1986). Max van Dam, Joods Kunstenaar 1910-1943. Vereniging het Museum Winterswijk. ISBN 90-70560-07-0. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
  8. ^ Max van Dam in Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  9. ^ Taylor, Paul (2004). Jews and the Olympic Games. Sussex Academic Press. p. 107. ISBN 9781903900871.
  10. ^ "Eva Dresden". Joods Monument. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  11. ^ Judik Themans née Simons in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  12. ^ Bernard Themans in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  13. ^ Sonja Themans in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  14. ^ Leon Themans in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  15. ^ "Leo Smit Stichting - Welkom bij de Leo Smit Stichting".
  16. ^ Samama, L. (2006). Nederlandse muziek in de twintigste eeuw: voorspel tot een nieuwe dag (in Dutch). Amsterdam University Press. p. 149. ISBN 9789053568620.
  17. ^ "Shades of Anne Frank in Dutch prison camp diary." Sydney Morning Herald, 22 October 2004.
  18. ^ "Dutch uncover diary of Nazi camp". BBC News. 2004-10-20. Retrieved 2008-08-10.
  19. ^ Keepers of the Motherland: German Texts by Jewish Women Writers, Dagmar C.G. Lorenz. 1997.
  20. ^ "Holocaust-history.org". Archived from the original on 2004-09-19.
  21. ^ Kundera, Ludvík. Expresionismus. p. 10.
  22. ^ Han Hollander on the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  23. ^ Leentje Hollander-Smeer on the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  24. ^ Elisabeth Kleerekoper in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  25. ^ Gerrit Kleerekoper in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  26. ^ Kaatje Kleerekoper née Ossedrijver in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  27. ^ Abraham Kloot in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  28. ^ "Kurt Lilien". filmportal. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  29. ^ Helena Kloot née Nordheim in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
  30. ^ Rebecca Kloot in the Digital Monument of the Jewish Community in the Netherlands
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