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((Short description|An aspect of German military history))
((More citations needed|section|date=April 2023))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2023))((use British English|date=April 2023))
This is a '''list of wars involving Germany''' from 843. It includes [[East Francia]], the [[Holy Roman Empire]], [[State of the Teutonic Order|The Teutonic Order]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], the [[Confederation of the Rhine]], the [[German Confederation]], the [[North German Confederation]], the [[German Empire]], the [[Weimar Republic]], [[Nazi Germany]], [[East Germany]], and the [[Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]].

==Pre-unification (843–1871)==
=== East Francia (843–962) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width="20%" | Conflict and date
! width="20%" | Combatant 1
! width="20%" | Combatant 2
! width="40%" | Result
|- bgcolor="#99ff99"
|[[Viking raids in the Rhineland]] (continued)<br />(843–885)
Location: [[East Francia]]
|[[Carolingian Empire]], later [[East Francia]]
| [[Vikings]]
|
Eventual East Frankish victory
*[[Henry, Margrave of the Franks]] defeated most Vikings in East Francia by 885, but then died in the Viking [[Siege of Paris (885–886)]]
|-|- bgcolor="#99ff99
|[[Frankish–Moravian wars]]
|[[East Francia]]
* [[March of Carinthia]]
|[[Great Moravia|Duchy of Moravia]]
|Peace
|- bgcolor="#ffcccb"
|[[Battle of Lechfeld (910)]]
Location: [[East Francia]] 
| [[East Francia]] and [[Swabia]]
| [[Principality of Hungary]]
|Hungarian victory
|- bgcolor="#99ff99"
|[[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor#First Italian Military Expedition|First Italian Expedition of Otto I]]<br />
(951–952)
|[[East Francia]]
|[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]]
|East Frankish victory
Point taken
Berengar II recognized the suzerainty of Otto I
|- bgcolor="#99ff99"
|[[Battle of Lechfeld (955)]]
Location: [[East Francia]] 
| East Francia, the [[Duchy of Saxony]], the [[Duchy of Thuringia]], the [[Duchy of Bavaria]], the [[Duchy of Swabia]], and [[Bohemia]]
| [[Principality of Hungary]]
|German victory
|- bgcolor="#99ff99"
|[[Battle on the Raxa]] (955)
|[[East Francia]] and [[Rani]]
|[[Obotrites]], [[Veleti]], and allied [[West Slav]]ic tribes
|East Frankish victory 
|- bgcolor="#99ff99"
|Second Italian Expedition of Otto I
(961–962)
|[[East Francia]]
|[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]]
|East Frankish victory 
Berengar II is deposed. Otto I is crowned King of Italy and later Roman Emperor, in retrospect forming the [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|}

=== Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="20%" | Conflict and date
! width="20%" | Combatant 1
! width="20%" | Combatant 2
! width="35%" | Result
! width="5%" | Ruling King/Emperor
|-
|[[Otto the Great|Otto I's]] raid on Poland (963)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|German Victory 
|[[Otto the Great|Otto I]]
|-
|[[Otto II's raid on Poland]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|Polish Victory
|[[Otto II]]
|-
|[[Franco-German war of 978–980|Franco-German War of 978-980]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|[[West Francia]]
|Status Quo ante bellum
|[[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]
|-
|[[Slavic revolt of 983]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|[[Wends]]
[[Lutici]]<br>
[[Obotrite]]
|German defeat 
|[[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]
|-
|Polish-Saxon Invasion of Veleti (985)
|rowspan=4|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))<br>((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|[[Veleti]]
|Polish and Saxon Victory
|[[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]
|-
|[[Polish–Bohemian War (990)|Polish-Bohemian War (990)]]
|((Flag|Duchy of Bohemia|))
|German and Polish Victory
|[[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]
|-
|Polish-German invasion of Veleti (992)
|[[Veleti]]
|Polish and German Victory 
|[[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]
|-
|Polish-German invasion of Obotrites (995)
|[[Obotrites]]
|Polish and German Victory 
|[[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]
|-
|[[German–Polish War (1003–1018)]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|[[Peace of Bautzen]] 
* Poland is granted control over [[Lusatia]] and [[Upper Lusatia]] 
* The [[Duchy of Bohemia]] becomes an [[Imperial Estate|Imperial State]] of the Holy Roman Empire
|[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]
|-
|[[Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis]] (1015–1019)
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))<br>((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))<br>[[Pechenegs]]
|[[Kievan Rus']]
|Temporary victory for Sviatopolk and Boleslaw, Polish sack of Kiev 
|[[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]
|-
|Polish-German War (1028-1031)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
[[Bezprym]]<br>((Flag|Duchy of Bohemia|)) <br>Kievan Rus'
|[[Mieszko II Lambert]]<br>((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|Victory for Bezprym
|[[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]
|-
|Emperor Conrad II's military campaign against Hungary<br>(1030-1031)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|German defeat
* The Hungarians occupied [[Vienna]].
|[[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]
|-
|German-Hungarian Wars (1042-1043)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|German Victory
|[[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
|-
|[[Battle of Ménfő|German-Hungarian War (1044)]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
[[Peter, King of Hungary|Peter Orseolo]] and his allies
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|German Victory

* Defeat of Samuel Aba, restoration of Peter
|[[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
|-
|War between King Peter and Prince Andrew 
(1046)
|King [[Peter, King of Hungary|Peter's]] army 
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|Prince [[Andrew I of Hungary|Andrew's]] army 
[[Kievan Rus']]
|Hungarian Victory
|[[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
|-
|Emperor Henry III's military campaigns against Hungary  (1051-1052)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
((Flag|Duchy of Bohemia|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|Hungarian Victory 
|[[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
|-
|German-Hungarian border War (1056-1058)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|Stalemate, treaty of [[Marchfeld]]
|[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
|-
|Civil War between King Andrew I and his brother, Prince Bela (1060)
|King [[Andrew I of Hungary|Andrew I's]] army 
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
|Prince [[Béla I of Hungary|Béla's]] army 
((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|Prince [[Béla I of Hungary|Béla's]] Victory
|[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
|-
|[[German invasion of Hungary (1063)]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
* ((flagdeco|Bavaria)) [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|German Victory

* Death of [[Béla I of Hungary|Béla I]] 
* Ascension of [[Solomon, King of Hungary|Solomon]] to the Hungarian throne
|[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
|-
|[[Saxon revolt of 1073–1075|Saxon revolt of 1073-1075]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|[[Duchy of Saxony]] 
|Victory

* Rebellion suppressed
|[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
|-
|[[Henry V's expedition to Poland]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
((Flag|Duchy of Bohemia|)) 
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|German defeat
|[[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]
|-
|[[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines]] 
* 1125-1186
* 1216-1392
|Ghibellines 
[[Holy Roman Empire]]
|Guelphs 
[[Holy See]] ([[Papal States|Papacy]])
|1st phase:[[Peace of Constance]] (1186) 
2nd phase:Stalemate (1392)

* Decline of [[Comune|free communes]]; rise of [[Signoria|signorie]] 
* Diffusion of [[Black Death]]
* Extinction of [[Hohenstaufen]] dynasty 
* Conquest of the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] by [[Charles I of Anjou|Charles of Anjou]] 
* [[Interregnum]] after [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II's]] death
* Weakening of Imperial Authority over Italy 
|[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] 
[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Barbarossa]]

[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]

[[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]

[[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]]
|-
|Polish-German War (1146)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
((Flag|Duchy of Bohemia|))
|[[Mieszko III the Old]]
|Mieszko III the Old's victory/German defeat
|[[Conrad III of Germany]]
|-
|[[Wendish Crusade|Wendish Crusade (1147)]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
* [[Bishopric of Havelberg]]
* [[Margravate of Meissen|March of Meissen]] 
* [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|March Magraviate of Brandenburg]] 
* [[Duchy of Saxony]]
* [[Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen|Archbishopric of Bremen]] 
* [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]] 
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt|Bishopric of Halberstadt]] 
* [[Holstein|County of Holstein]] 
* [[Prince-Bishopric of Münster|Bishopric of Münster]] 
* [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc|Bishopric of Olmütz]] 
* [[Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg|Bishopric of Brandenburg]] 
* [[Bishopric of Merseburg]]
* Jutland-[[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] 
* Zealand/Scania-[[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]] 
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|[[Obotrites|Obotrite Confederacy]] 
* [[Obotrites]] 
* [[Wagri]]ans

[[Lutici|Liutizian Confederacy]]

Wendish allies:

[[Duchy of Pomerania]]
|March of Brandenburg reconquers [[Havelberg]], County of Holstein expels its Wends
|[[Conrad III of Germany]]
|-
|[[Second Crusade]] 
(1147-1150)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1200))
Other Crusaders
|Emirate of Damascus
other Muslim and Pagan entities in East Central Europe, Iberia and the Near East.
|Victories in East Central Europe and Iberia. Defeat in the Holy Land.
|[[Conrad III of Germany]]
|-
|[[Frederick I's expedition to Głogów]]((cn|date=February 2024))
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
|[[Bolesław IV the Curly]]
|Peace of Krzyszkowo
|[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I Barbarossa]]
|-
|[[Third Crusade]] 
(1189-1192)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1200))
Other Crusaders
|((Flag|Ayyubid dynasty|))
|Small Gains for the Crusaders. Jerusalem stays under Ayyubid control.
|[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I Barbarossa]]
|-
|[[Crusade of 1197]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Ayyubid dynasty|))
|German Victory
Beirut restored to the Kingdom of Jerusalem
|[[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]
|-
|[[Fourth Crusade]] 
(1202-1204)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
((Flag|Republic of Venice|))
|((Flag|Byzantine Empire|))
((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))

[[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]]

((Flag|Ayyubid dynasty|))
|[[Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae|Partition of the Byzantine Empire]]
* The establishment of the [[Latin Empire]] and other crusader states by the Crusaders
* Formation of Byzantine Greek [[rump state]]s
|[[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]
|-
|[[Fifth Crusade]] 
(1217-1221)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
Other Crusaders
|((Flag|Ayyubid dynasty|))
|Eight-Year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders
|[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]
|-
|[[Sixth Crusade]] 
(1227-1229)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1200))
including in Personal Union:

* ((Flag|Kingdom of Sicily|1258))
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Jerusalem))
|((Flag|Ayyubid dynasty|))
|Kingdom of Jerusalem regains Jerusalem through peaceful negotiations.
|[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]
|-
|[[War of the Lombards]]
|[[File:Shield and Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1200-c.1300).svg|15px]] [[Holy Roman Empire]]<br/>[[File:Armoiries de Jérusalem.svg|15px]] Pro-Imperial faction in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
*[[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]]
*[[Jerusalem]]
<br/>[[File:Blason Bohémond VI d'Antioche.svg|15px]] [[Principality of Antioch]] and [[County of Tripoli]]<br/>[[File:Shield of the Republic of Pisa.svg|15px]] [[Republic of Pisa]]<br/>[[File:Cross of the Knights Hospitaller.svg|15px]] [[Knights Hospitaller]]<br>[[File:Den tyske ordens skjold.svg|15px]] [[Teutonic Knights]]
|[[File:Armoiries Chypre.svg|15px]] [[Kingdom of Cyprus]]<br/>[[File:Armoiries de Jérusalem.svg|15px]] Anti-Imperial faction in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
*[[Acre, Israel|Acre]]
*[[Beirut]]
*[[Arsuf]]
*[[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]]  
<br/>[[File:Armoiries Gênes.svg|15px]] [[Republic of Genoa]]<br/>[[File:Cross of the Knights Templar.svg|15px]] [[Knights Templar]]<br>[[File:C o a Innocenzo III.svg|15px]] [[Papacy]]
|Victory for Anti-Imperial faction
|[[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]]
|-valign="top"
|'''[[Interregnum (Holy Roman Empire)|Great Interregnum]]'''((citation needed|date=November 2023))
1245/50–1273/5
|[[File:Or three leopards sable.svg|18px]] [[Hohenstaufen]] party
*[[File:Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (Hohenstaufen).svg|20px]] [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] <small>(1245–50)</small>
*[[File:Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (Hohenstaufen).svg|20px]] [[Conrad IV of Germany|Conrad IV]] <small>(1245–54)</small>
*[[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1284-1390).svg|20px]] [[Alfonso X of Castile]] <small>(1257–75)</small>
*[[File:Arms of Rudolph I of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf of Habsburg]] <small>(1273–5)</small>
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg|20px]] [[House of Welf|Welf]] party
*[[File:Coat of arms of Thuringia.svg|20px]] [[Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia|Henry of Thuringia]] <small>(1246–7)</small>
*[[File:Counts of Holland Arms.svg|20px]] [[William II of Holland]] <small>(1247–56)</small>
*[[File:Richard of Cornwall Arms.svg|20px]] [[Richard of Cornwall]] <small>(1257–72)</small>
*[[File:Royal banner of the Kingdom of Bohemia (colorful).svg|20px]] [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]]
|Compromise
*[[1273 Imperial election|Unanimous election]] of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf of Habsburg]] in 1273
*[[Alfonso X of Castile]] renounced claim in 1275
|-
|[[Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)|Polish-Teutonic War (1326-1332)]]
|((Flag|Teutonic Order|))
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))

((Flag|Kingdom of Bohemia|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
((Flag|Grand Duchy of Lithuania|))
|[[Treaty of Kalisz (1343)]]
|[[Luther von Braunschweig]]
|-
|[[Saint George's Night Uprising]]
|[[Revala]], [[Harjumaa (ancient county)|Harria]], [[Rotalia (corporation)|Rotalia]],[[Virumaa|Vironia]],[[Oeselia]]
|((Flag|Teutonic Order|))
* [[Livonian Order]]
* ((Flag|Denmark|))

|Uprising suppressed
[[Denmark]] sells the [[Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)|Duchy of Estonia]] to the [[Teutonic Order]]
|Burchard von Dreileben
|-
|[[Hunger War]]
|((Flag|Teutonic Order|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
((Flag|Grand Duchy of Lithuania|))
|Mediation at the [[Council of Constance]]
|[[Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg]]
|-
|[[Nicopolis Crusade]] (1396)
|((flagicon image|Red St George's Cross.svg)) [[Crusades|Crusade]]:
<br />((flagicon image|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg)) [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* [[File:Coat of arms of Bohemian Crown.svg|17px]] [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]]
* ((flagicon image|Savoie flag.svg)) [[Duchy of Savoy]]
* ((flagicon image|Early Swiss cross.svg)) [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederacy]]
((flag|Kingdom of France|valois))<ref name=Tuchman548>Tuchman, 548</ref>((full citation needed|date=December 2020))
* ((flagicon image|Ancient Flag of Burgundy.svg)) [[Duchy of Burgundy]]
((flagicon image|Flag of Sigismund of Hungary.svg)) [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]]<ref name="Tuchman548"/>((full citation needed|date=December 2020))
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Transylvania (1350).svg)) [[Voivodship of Transylvania]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Croatia (Early 16th century–1526) (Border).svg)) [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Kingdom of Croatia]]<ref name="Tuchman548"/>((full citation needed|date=December 2020))
[[File:Coa Romania Country Wallachia History 2 (14th century).svg|17px]] [[Wallachia|Principality of Wallachia]]<ref name=Hunyadi>The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226</ref><br />((flagicon image|Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg)) [[Knights Hospitaller]]<ref name="Tuchman548"/>((full citation needed|date=December 2020))<br />((flag|Republic of Venice))<ref name="Tuchman548"/>((full citation needed|date=December 2020))<br />((flag|Republic of Genoa))<br />((flagicon image|Flag of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg)) [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]<ref>Valerii︠a︡ Fol, ''Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief'', (Riga, 1999), 103.</ref><br />((flagicon image|Alex K Kingdom of Poland-flag.svg)) [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]]<br />((flagicon image|Royal Banner of the Crown of Castile (Early Style)-Variant.svg)) [[Crown of Castile]]<br />((flagicon image|Royal Banner of Aragón.svg)) [[Crown of Aragon]]<br />((flagicon image|PortugueseFlag1385.svg)) [[Kingdom of Portugal]]<br />((flagicon image|Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg)) [[Kingdom of Navarre]]<br />((flagicon image|Flag of the State of the Teutonic Order.svg)) [[Teutonic Order]]<br />((flagicon image|Byzantine imperial flag, 14th century.svg)) [[Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty|Byzantine Empire]]
|((flagicon image|Ottoman red flag.svg)) [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[File:Coat of arms of Moravian Serbia.svg|22px]] [[Moravian Serbia]]<ref name="Madgearu90">Alexandru Madgearu, ''The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins'', ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.</ref>
|Defeat
|[[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]]
|-
|[[Hussite Wars]] 
(1419-1434)
|[[Catholic Church]], [[Crusades]] and Loyalists: 
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
|Bohemian Wars: 
[[Hussites]]
|Eventual defeat for Radical Hussites, Victory for Moderate Hussites and Catholics
|[[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]]
|-
|[[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466)]]
|((Flag|Teutonic Order|))
((Flag|Denmark|))

[[Livonian Order]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of Poland|))
|Polish Victory

* [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)|Second Peace of toruń]]
|[[Ludwig von Erlichshausen]]
|-
|[[Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488)]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Hungary|))
|Hungarian Victory

* The Hungarians occupy Vienna
|[[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]
|-
|[[French–Breton War|French-Breton War]]
|[[Duchy of Brittany]]
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))

((Flag|Kingdom of England|))

[[Kingdom of Castile and Leon]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of France|))
|French Victory

* Anne of Brittany marries [[Charles VIII of France]] 
|[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
|-
|[[Bundschuh movement]]
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|))
|German Peasant's 
|All rebellions suppressed
|[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
|-
|[[Italian War of 1494–1495|Italian War of 1494-1498]]
|[[League of venice|League of Venice]]:
((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1494))

((Flag|Papal States|1494))

((Flag|Republic of Venice|))

[[Catholic Monarchs of Spain|Kingdoms of Spain]]

((Flag|Duchy of Milan|))

((Flag|Republic of Florence|))

((Flag|Kingdom of England|))

[[Margraviate of Mantua]]

((Flag|Republic of Genoa|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of France|1494)) 
[[Swiss mercenaries|Swiss Mercenaries]]



(before 1495)
|Victory for the League of Venice
|[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
|-
|[[Swabian War]] 
(1499)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1499)) 
[[Swabian League]] 
|((Flag|Old Swiss Confederacy|1499)) 
[[Three Leagues|Three Leagues of the Grisons]]
|Swiss Victory 
[[Treaty of Basel (1499)|Peace of Basel]] 
*[[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederacy]] exempt from the resolutions of the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] of [[Diet of Worms (1495)|Worms]]

|[[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
|-
|[[Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)|Polish-Teutonic War 1519-1521]]
|[[State of the Teutonic Order|Teutonic Order]]
|[[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]]
|[[Treaty of Kraków]]

|[[Albert, Duke of Prussia]]
|-
|[[Knights' Revolt|Knight's Revolt]]
|((flagicon image|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with Arms (1493-1556).svg)) Brotherly Convention of Knights
|((flagicon image|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with Arms (1493-1556).svg)) [[Holy Roman Empire]]<br/>
* ((flagicon image|Red St George's Cross.svg|Flag of the Electorate of Trier|size=23px)) [[Electorate of Trier|Trier]]
* ((flagicon image|Banner of Bavaria-Landshut.svg|Flag of the Electoral Palatinate|size=18px)) [[Electoral Palatinate|Palatinate]]
((flagicon image|Old flag of Hesse.png|Flag of the Landgraviate of Hesse|size=18px)) [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Hesse]] 
|[[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] Victory
|[[Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads]]
|-
|[[German Peasants' War|German Peasant's war]]
|Peasants' army
* ((flagicon image|Flagge der Bauern im Bauernkrieg.png))
|((plainlist|
* ((flagicon image|Flag of the Swabian League (3^2).svg)) [[Swabian League]]
'''[[Battle of Frankenhausen|partly]]:'''
* [[Image:Arms of the house of Hesse (1479-1642-1659).svg|15px]] [[Landgraviate of Hesse]]
* [[Image:Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig).svg|15px]] [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg)) [[Electorate of Saxony]]))
|Suppression of revolt and execution of its participants, as well as a major influence on the [[Anabaptist]] movement
|[[Georg, Truchsess von Waldburg]]
|-
|[[Italian War of 1521–1526|Italian War of 1521-1526]]
|[[Holy Roman Empire]] 
[[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
[[Kingdom of England|England]]

[[Papal States]] (1521-1523 and 1525–1526)
|[[Early modern France|France]] 
[[Swiss mercenaries]]
[[Republic of Venice]]
[[Papal States]] (1524-1525)
[[Marquisate of Saluzzo]]
|[[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] Victory 
Capture of [[Francis I of France]] at the [[Battle of Pavia]]

* Treaty of Rome(1525)
* [[Treaty of Madrid (1526)]]
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
|[[Little War in Hungary]] (1526-1568)
|((flag|Holy Roman Empire))
*[[File:Bindenschild Privilegium maius 1512.svg|15px]] [[Archduchy of Austria]]
*((flagicon|Bohemia)) [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]
* [[File:Steiermark Wappen.svg|15px]] [[Duchy of Styria]]
* [[File:Carniola Arms.svg|16px]] [[Duchy of Carniola]]
[[File:Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg|14px]] [[Royal Hungary]]<br />[[File:Coa Croatia Country History (Fojnica Armorial).svg|20px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]<br />((flag|Spain|1506))<br />((flagicon|Papal States|old)) [[Papal States]]
|((flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg)) [[Ottoman Empire]]<br />[[File:Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg|20px]] [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom|John Szapolyai's Hungarian kingdom]]
|Defeat
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
|[[War of the League of Cognac]] 
(1526-1530)
|[[Holy Roman Empire]] 
[[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
[[Duchy of Ferrara]]
[[Republic of Genoa]] (1528-1530)
[[Duchy of Mantua]] (1528-1530)
|[[Kingdom of France]] 
[[Swiss mercenaries]]
[[Papal States]]
[[Swiss Guard]]s
[[Republic of Venice]]
[[Republic of Florence]]
[[Kingdom of England]]
[[Republic of Genoa]] (1526-1528)
[[Kingdom of Navarre]]
[[Duchy of Milan]]
|[[Treaty of Cambrai]] 
Habsburg Victory
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
|[[Conquest of Tunis (1535)]]
|((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Empire]]
*((flag|Kingdom of Naples|1516))
* ((flagicon image|Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg)) [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
((flag|Holy Roman Empire)) 
* ((flag|Republic of Genoa)) 
* ((flagicon|Flanders)) [[County of Flanders]] 
<br />[[File:Flag Portugal (1521).svg|border|22px]] [[Kingdom of Portugal]]<br />((flag|Papal States|old))<br />((flag|SMOM|name=Knights of Malta))
|((flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg)) [[Ottoman Empire]]<br>((flag|Kingdom of France|valois))
|Habsburg and allied victory

* Sack of Tunis
* Muley Hassan of the [[Hafsid dynasty]] restored as client ruler of Tunis and Spanish-Imperial tributary.
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
|[[Italian War of 1536–1538|Italian War of 1536-1538]]
|((flag|Holy Roman Empire))<br>((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
|((flag|Kingdom of France|valois))<br>[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg|24px]] [[Ottoman Empire]]
|[[Truce of Nice]]
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
|[[Italian War of 1542–1546|Italian War of 1542-1546]]
|((flag|Holy Roman Empire))<br /> ((flagcountry|Electorate of Saxony))<br /> [[Image:Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png|22px]] [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburg]]<br /> ((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Habsburg Spain|Spain]]<br /> ((flagicon|Kingdom of England)) [[Kingdom of England|England]]
|((flagcountry|Kingdom of France|valois))<br /> ((flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg|size=22px)) [[Ottoman Empire]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Algiers.jpg)) [[Ottoman Algeria|Regency of Algiers]]
[[Image:Armoiries Guillaume de Clèves-less fancy.svg|22px]] [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]<br />((flagdeco|Denmark–Norway)) [[Denmark-Norway]]
|Inconclusive 
[[Treaty of Crépy]]

[[Treaty of Ardres]]
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-valign="top"
|[[Schmalkaldic War]] 
1546–1547
|[[Empire of Charles V]]: 
[[Holy Roman Empire]]

* [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Austria]]
* [[Duchy of Saxony (1485-1547)|Duchy of Saxony]] 
* [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]]

[[Habsburg Spain]]

[[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Habsburg Hungary]]

''Supported by'':[[Papal States]]
|[[Schmalkaldic League|Schmalkadic League]]: 
[[Electorate of Saxony]]

[[Landgraviate of Hesse|Hesse]]

[[Electoral Palatinate|Electorate Palatinate]]

[[Bremen]]

[[Lübeck]]

[[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick-Lüneburg]]

[[Duchy of Württemberg|Württemberg]]

[[Pomerania-Wolgast]]

[[Anhalt-Köthen]]

[[Brandenburg-Küstrin|Bradenburg-Küstrin]]
|Imperial-Spanish Victory 
[[Capitulation of Wittenberg]]

Schmalkadic League dissolved,

Saxon [[Prince-elector|electoral]] dignity passed to the Albertine [[House of Wettin]]
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-valign="top"
| [[Italian War of 1551–59]] (1551-1559)
| ((plainlist))
* ((flag|Holy Roman Empire))
* ((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Empire]]
* ((flagicon|Papal States|old)) [[Papal States]] (1551–1552)
* [[File:Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg|border|22px]] [[Duchy of Mantua]]
* ((flag|Kingdom of England)) (1557–1559)
* [[File:Bandiera del granducato di Toscana (1562-1737 ).png|border|22px]] [[Republic of Florence]]
* ((flag|Duchy of Savoy))
* ((flag|Republic of Genoa))
* ((flagicon|SMOM)) [[Knights Hospitaller]]
((endplainlist))
| ((plainlist))
*((flag|Kingdom of France|valois))
*((flagicon image|Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1453-1844).svg|size=22px)) [[Ottoman Empire]]
*((flagicon|Old Swiss Confederacy)) [[Swiss mercenaries]]
*((flag|Duchy of Parma)) (1551–1552)
*((flagicon image|Bandera de Siena.png)) [[Republic of Siena]] (1552–1555/9)
*((flagicon|Papal States|old)) [[Papal States]] (1556–1557)((endplainlist))
| Spanish and Imperial victory
* [[Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559)]]
| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-
| [[Second Schmalkaldic War]]
March–August 1552
| '''Imperial–Habsburg forces'''
((flagicon image|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with Arms (1493-1556).svg)) [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* ((flagicon|Habsburg Monarchy)) [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Austria]]
| '''Protestant princes''' ((plainlist|
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Electoral Saxony.svg)) [[Electorate of Saxony|Electoral Saxony]]
* ((flagicon image|Hessen KS flag.svg)) [[Landgraviate of Hesse|Hesse]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Ducal Prussia.svg)) [[Duchy of Prussia|Prussia]]
* ((flagicon image|Hohenzollern banner.svg)) [[Principality of Kulmbach|Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]
''Supported by:''
* ((flagicon image|Pavillon royal de la France.svg)) [[Kingdom of France|France]]))
| Protestant victory
* [[Peace of Passau]] (1552)
* [[Peace of Augsburg]] (1555)((citation needed|date=November 2023))
* [[Three Bishoprics]] annexed by the [[Kingdom of France]]
| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]
|-valign="top"
|-
| [[Long Turkish War]] 
(1593–1606)
|((flag|Holy Roman Empire))

* ((flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg)) [[Habsburg Monarchy]]
* ((flagcountry|Electorate of Saxony))
* ((flagicon image|Medici Flag of Tuscany.png)) [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]
* [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Este_(1471).svg|25x25px]] [[Duchy of Ferrara]]
* [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Gonzaga_(1433).svg|24x24px]] [[Duchy of Mantua]]
* ((flag|Duchy of Savoy))
* [[File:Cross_Order_of_Saint_Stephanus.jpg|20x20px]] [[Knights of St. Stephen]]
* [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary_(1918-1919).svg|25x25px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]]<ref name="MKT">((cite book |last1=Csorba |first1=Csaba |title=Magyarország Képes Története |last2=Estók |first2=János |last3=Salamon |first3=Konrád |publisher=Hungarian Book-Club |year=1998 |isbn=963-548-961-7 |location=Budapest)) 62.-64. p.</ref>
* [[File:Coa_Croatia_Country_History_(Fojnica_Armorial).svg|24x24px]] [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]<ref name="MKT" />
* [[File:Carniola_Arms.svg|24x24px]] [[Duchy of Carniola]]

((flagicon image|Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg)) [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]]

((flag|Wallachia))

((flag|Moldavia))

((flagcountry|Kingdom of France))

((flag|Spain|1506))

* ((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Netherlands]]
* ((flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[:es:Italia española|Spanish Italy]]
** ((Flagicon|Kingdom of Sicily)) [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
** ((Flagicon|Kingdom of Naples)) [[Kingdom of Naples]]

[[File:Flag_of_the_Cossack_Hetmanat.svg|25x25px]] [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]]

((flagicon image|Sveti Sava.png)) [[Banat Uprising|Serbian hajduks]]

((flagicon|Papal States|old)) [[Papal States]]
|((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1517)) [[Ottoman Empire]] 
* [[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|26x26px]] [[Khanate of Crimea]]
|Inconclusive

* [[Peace of Zsitvatorok]]
|[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]]
|-valign="top"
|-
|[[War of the Jülich Succession]] 
(1609-1614)
|1609-1610:
[[Holy Roman Empire]]

[[Strasbourg|Principality of Strasbourg]]

[[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]]

[[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]]

1614:

[[Spanish Empire]]

[[Palatinate-Neuburg]]
|1609-1610: 
[[Margraviate of Brandenburg]]

[[Palatinate-Neuburg]]

[[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]

[[Kingdom of France]]

[[Protestant Union]]

1614:

[[Margraviate of Brandenburg]]

[[Free Imperial City of Aachen]]

[[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]
|[[Treaty of Xanten]]
|[[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolph II]] 
[[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]] 
|-
|[[Valtellina War]]
|[[Papal States]]
[[Holy Roman Empire]]

[[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
|[[Kingdom of France|France]] 
The Three Leagues

[[Duchy of Venice|Venice]]

[[Savoy]]
|Papal-Imperial-Spanish victory

* Treaty of Monzón. Total Habsburg control of the Valtellina prevented, but the Spanish Road through the valley reopened.

|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
|-valign="top"
|-
| [[Thirty Years' War]]
1618–1648
| '''Imperial alliance prior to 1635'''((Efn|States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635))((Plainlist|
* ((Flag|Habsburg Monarchy))
* ((Flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Empire]]
* ((Flagcountry|Electorate of Bavaria))
* ((Flagicon image|Catholic League (Germany).svg|22px)) [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]]
))
'''Post-1635 [[Peace of Prague (1635)|Peace of Prague]]'''
((Plainlist|
* ((Flag|Holy Roman Empire))
* ((Flagicon|Spain|1506)) [[Spanish Empire]]
* ((Flagcountry|Denmark–Norway))
))
|'''Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635'''((Efn|States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635))((Plainlist|
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Bohemia))
* ((Flagicon|Sweden|1562)) [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]]
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of The Electoral Palatinate (1604).svg)) [[Electoral Palatinate|Palatinate]]
* ((flagicon|Duchy of Savoy)) [[Savoyard state|Savoy]]
* ((Flagicon|Transylvania|1615)) [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]]
* ((Flagcountry|Dutch Republic))
* ((Flagcountry|Denmark–Norway))
* [[File:Wappen Heilbronn.svg|18px|class=noviewer]] [[Heilbronn League]]
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of Hesse.svg)) [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]]
* ((Flagicon image|Pabellon de Brandeburgo (c. 1684).svg)) [[Brandenburg-Prussia]]
* ((Flagcountry|Electorate of Saxony|Saxony))
))
'''Post-1635 [[Peace of Prague (1635)|Peace of Prague]]'''((Plainlist|
* ((Flagcountry|Kingdom of France|France))
* ((Flagicon|Sweden|1562)) [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]]
* ((Flagcountry|Dutch Republic))
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of Hesse.svg)) [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]]
))
| 
* [[Peace of Prague (1635)]]
* [[Peace of Westphalia]] (1648):
** [[Peace of Münster]] (January 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic
** [[Treaty of Osnabrück]] (IPO; October 1648) between Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire
** [[Treaty of Münster (October 1648)]] (IPM; October 1648) between France and the Holy Roman Empire
;Consequences:
* France annexes [[Décapole]], and [[Sundgau]]((Sfn|Croxton|2013|pp=225–226))
* Sweden gains [[Wismar]], [[Wolin]], [[Western Pomerania]], and [[Bremen-Verden]]((Sfn|Heitz|Rischer|1995|p=232))
* [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] obtains [[Province of Pomerania (1653-1815)|Eastern Pomerania]]((Sfn|Heitz|Rischer|1995|p=232))
* Spain recognises sovereignty [[Dutch Republic]] 
* [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] gains independence from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]
|-
|[[Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)]]
(1663-1664)
| '''[[League of the Rhine]]:'''<br />
((Coat of arms|Kingdom of France))<br />
((Coat of arms|Holy Roman Empire))
* ((Coat of arms|Electorate of Saxony))
* ((Coat of arms|Brandenburg-Prussia))
* ((Coat of arms|Electorate of Bavaria))
* ((Coat of arms|Baden|text=[[Baden-Baden]]))
* ((Coat of arms|Swabia))
((Coat of arms|Savoy|text=[[Duchy of Savoy|Piedmont-Savoy]]))<br />
((Coat of arms|Kingdom of Hungary))<br />
((Coat of arms|Croatia|text=[[Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]]))<br />
[[File:Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg|20px]] [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
|((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1517)) [[Ottoman Empire]]
|[[Peace of Vasvár]]
|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
|-
|[[Franco-Dutch War]] 
(1672-1678)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|1673)) (1673)
((Flag|Dutch Republic|1672))

[[Spanish Empire|Spain]] (from 1673)

[[Brandenburg-Prussia]] (from 1673)

[[Duchy of Lorraine|Lorraine]] (from 1673)

[[Denmark–Norway|Denmark-Norway]] (from 1674)

[[Kingdom of England|England]] (1678)
|((Flag|Kingdom of France|1672)) 
[[Kingdom of England|England]] (1672-1674)

[[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] (from 1674)

[[Prince-Bishopric of Münster|Munster]] (1672-1673)

[[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]] (1672-1673) 
|[[Treaties of Nijmegen|Treaty of Nijmegen]]
* Major French territorial gains
* France occupies [[Lorraine]], [[Freiburg]] and [[Kehl]]
|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
|-
|[[Swedish invasion of Brandenburg|Swedish Invasion of Brandenburg]]
|[[Brandenburg-Prussia]]
|[[Swedish Empire]]
|Brandenburger Victory
|[[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Frederick William]]
|-
|[[Great Turkish War]]<br/>(1683–1699)
|((flagdeco|Habsburg Monarchy|empire)) [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* ((flagdeco|Habsburg Monarchy|empire)) [[Habsburg monarchy]]
* ((flagicon|Electorate of Bavaria)) [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Franconia.svg)) [[Franconian Circle|Franconia]]
* ((flagcountry|Electorate of Saxony))
* ((flagicon image|Wappen schwäbischer Reichskreis 2.jpg)) [[Swabian Circle|Swabia]]
* [[File:Steiermark Wappen.svg|13px]] [[Duchy of Styria]]
* ((Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (15th century, rectangular).svg)) [[Kingdom of Hungary|Royal Hungary]]
* ((Flagicon image|Coa Croatia Country History (Fojnica Armorial).svg)) [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]
* ((Flagicon image|Mantua Flag 1575-1707 (new).svg)) [[Duchy of Mantua]]
((Flagicon image|Royal Banner of Jan III Sobieski.svg)) [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]<br />
((Flagicon image|Flag of Oryol ship (variant).svg)) [[Tsardom of Russia]]
* ((resize|((Flagicon image|Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg)) [[Cossack Hetmanate]]))
((flagicon|Republic of Venice)) [[Republic of Venice]]<br />
((flag|Spanish Empire|1506))<br />
((Flagicon image|Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg)) [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]<br /> [[Albanians|Albanian]] rebels<br/>[[Serbs|Serbian]] rebels<br/>[[Greeks|Greek]] rebels<br/>[[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] rebels<br />[[Romanians|Romanian]] rebels<br/>[[Croatians|Croatian]] rebels
|((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1517)) [[Ottoman Empire]]<br />
[[Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire|Vassal states]]:
* ((resize|[[File:Gerae-tamga.svg|20px]] [[Crimean Khanate]]))
* [[Shamkhalate of Tarki]]<ref>((Citation | title = Абдусаламов Магомед-паша Балашович Феодальные междоусобицы кумыкских владетелей во второй половине XVII века | work = ИСОМ | year = 2014 | number = 4 | url = https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/feodalnye-mezhdousobitsy-kumykskih-vladeteley-vo-vtoroy-polovine-xvii-veka | access-date = 2023-05-26 | at = C.33))</ref>
* ((resize|[[File:Coa Hungary Country History (19th Century).svg|10px]] [[Principality of Upper Hungary|Upper Hungary]] (1683–5)))
* ((resize|((flagicon|Moldavia)) [[Moldavia]]))
* ((resize|((flagicon|Wallachia)) [[Wallachia]]))
* ((resize|((Flagicon image|Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg)) [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania]]))
|Victory
* [[Treaty of Karlowitz]]
* The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans.
* Poland-Lithuania captures [[Podolia]].
* Russia captures the port of [[Azov]].
* Venice captures [[Morea]] and inner [[Dalmatia]].
* [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] gains ''[[de facto]]'' independence.
|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
|-
|[[Nine Years' War|Nine Years War]] 
(1688-1697)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
((Flag|Dutch Republic|))

((Flag|Kingdom of England|))

((Flag|Kingdom of Scotland|))

((Flag|Spanish Empire|))

((Flag|Duchy of Savoy|))

((Flag|Portuguese Empire|))

((Flag|Swedish Empire|))

(until 1691)
|((Flag|Kingdom of France|))
|[[Peace of Ryswick|Treaty of Ryswick]]
|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
|-
|[[War of the Spanish Succession]] 
(1701-1714)
|[[Holy Roman Empire]] 
[[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian Monarchy]]

[[Dutch Republic]]

[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]

[[Kingdom of England|England]] (until 1707)

[[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] (from 1707)

[[Duchy of Savoy|Piedmont-Savoy]]

[[Habsburg Spain]]

[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]
|[[Kingdom of France|France]] 
[[House of Bourbon–Anjou|Spanish monarchy]]

[[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (until 1704)

[[Electorate of Cologne|Cologne]] (until 1702)

[[Duchy of Mantua|Mantua]] (until 1708)
|
Treaties of [[Peace of Utrecht|Utrecht]] (1713), [[Treaty of Rastatt|Rastatt]] (1714) and [[Treaty of Baden (1714)|Baden]] (1714)
* [[Philip V of Spain|Philip]] is recognized as [[Monarchy of Spain|King of Spain]], but once more renounces any claim to the throne of [[Kingdom of France|France]]
* Austria gains the crowns of Naples and Sardinia as well as the duchy of Milan and the Spanish Netherlands
* Savoy gains the crown of Sicily which is soon to be exchanged with Sardinia
|[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] 
[[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]
[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]
|-
|[[War of the Polish Succession]] 
(1733-1735)
|[[Holy Roman Empire]] 
* [[Habsburg monarchy]]
* [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]] 
* [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]

[[Russian Empire|Russia]]

[[Augustus III of Poland|Poland Loyal to Augustus III]]
|[[Kingdom of France|France]] 
[[Enlightenment in Spain|Spain]]

[[Duchy of Savoy|Savoy]]-[[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]

[[Duchy of Parma]]

[[Sweden]]

[[Stanisław Leszczyński|Poland Loyal to Stanislaus I]]
|[[Treaty of Vienna (1738)|Treaty of Vienna]]
* Austria loses the crowns of Naples and Sicily to [[Charles III of Spain|Charles of Parma]] 
* [[Duchy of Lorraine]] to Stanislaus
* [[Duchy of Parma]] to Austria 
* [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] to [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis Stephen]] 
* Poland loses direct control over the [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]]
|[[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]
|-
|[[Pomeranian War]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|))
|((Flag|Swedish Empire|))
((Flag|Russian Empire|))
|[[Treaty of Hamburg (1762)|Treaty of Hamburg]]
* Prussian Victory
|[[Frederick the Great]] 
|-
|[[Third Silesian War]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|))
|((Flag|Habsburg monarchy|))
((Flag|Kingdom of France|))

((Flag|Russian Empire|))

((Flag|Electorate of Saxony|))

|Prussian Victory
|[[Frederick the Great]]
|-
|[[War of the Bavarian Succession|War of Bavarian Succession]]
|((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|)) 
((Flag|Electorate of Bavaria|))

((Flag|Electorate of Saxony|))
|((Flag|Habsburg Monarchy|))
|[[Treaty of Teschen]]

|[[Frederick the Great]] 
|-
|[[Liège Revolution]] 
(1789-1791)
|((Flag|Holy Roman Empire|)) 
* ((Flag|Habsburg Monarchy|))

[[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|Prince-Bishops of Liège]]
|Liège Rebels 
[[United Belgian States|Brabant Rebels]]

[[Republic of Liège]]

Supported by: ((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|))
|Foundation of Liège Republic (1789);
reversion to [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège|Prince-Bishopric]](1791);
annexation by France (1795)
|[[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]
|-valign="top"
| '''[[War of the First Coalition]]'''<br /><small>(mostly the [[Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition|Low Countries theatre]])</small>
1792–1797
| '''First Coalition:'''<br />[[File:Statenvlag.svg|border|20px]] [[Dutch Republic]]<br />[[File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|border|20px]] [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|border|20px]] [[Habsburg monarchy]] <small>(Austria)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1750-1801).svg|border|20px]] [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
* [[File:Flag of Hanover (1692).svg|border|20px]] [[Electorate of Hanover]]
* [[File:Hessen KS flag.svg|border|20px]] [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] <small>(until 1795)</small>
[[File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg|border|20px]] [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]<br />
[[File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|20px|border]] [[Spanish Empire]] <small>(1793–95)</small> 
* [[Kingdom of Naples]] <small>(until 1796)</small> 
* [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
* [[Kingdom of Prussia]] <small>(until 1795)</small> 
* [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] <small>(until 1796)</small> 
* [[Army of Condé]]
| [[File:Flag of France (1790-1794).svg|border|20px]] '''[[Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI|Kingdom of the French]]''' <small>(1792)</small><br />[[File:Flag of France (1790-1794).svg|border|20px]] '''[[French First Republic]]''' <small>(from 1792)</small>
* [[File:Flag of Bouillon.svg|20px|border]] [[Republic of Bouillon]] <small>(1794–95)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the navy of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Batavian Republic]] <small>(from 1795)</small>
* [[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|20px|border]] [[Ligurian Republic]] <small>(from 1795)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Cisrhenian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Cisrhenian Republic]] <small>(1797)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|20px|border]] [[Cisalpine Republic]] <small>(1797)</small>
* <small>other [[sister republic]]s</small>
[[File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|20px|border]] [[Spanish Empire]] <small>(1796–97)</small> 
* [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]] <small>(from 1797)</small>
| French Republican victory
* [[Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy|French monarchy abolished]], [[republicanism]] spread across Europe
* All southern Low Countries and [[Left Bank of the Rhine]] annexed by France (1795)
* [[Treaty of The Hague (1795)]]
** [[Batavian Republic]] established as a French [[sister republic]]
* [[Peace of Basel]] (1795)
** Prussia and Hesse-Kassel withraw from Coalition
** Spain allies with France (ending the [[War of the Pyrenees]])
* [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] (1797)
** Habsburg monarchy accepts the loss of the Austrian Netherlands 
|[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]]
|-valign="top"
| '''[[War of the Second Coalition]]'''
1798–1802
|  ((plainlist|
'''Second Coalition:'''<br />
* [[File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|20px|border]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] <small>(until 1801)</small>
** [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|border|20px]] [[Habsburg monarchy]] <small>(Austria, until 1801)</small>
* [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px|border]] [[Russian Empire]] <small>(until 1798)</small>
* [[File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] <small>(until 1801)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|border|20px]] [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] <small>(from 1801)</small>
* [[File:Flag Portugal (1707).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Naples (1811).gif|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Naples]]
* [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|20px|border]] [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[File:Flag of Royalist France.svg|20px|border]] [[Legitimists|French royalists]]
))
| ((plainlist|
[[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|20px|border]] '''[[French First Republic]]'''<br />
))
* [[File:Flag of the navy of the Batavian Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Batavian Republic]]
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg|20px|border]] [[Cisalpine Republic]]
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Helvetic_Republic_(French).svg|20px|border]] [[Helvetic Republic]]
* [[File:Flag of Genoa.svg|20px|border]] [[Ligurian Republic]]
* [[File:Flag of the Repubblica Romana 1798.svg|20px|border]] [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]] <small>(1798–99)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Parthenopaean Republic.svg|20px|border]] [[Parthenopean Republic]] <small>(1799)</small>
* <small>other [[sister republic]]s</small>
[[File:Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg|20px|border]] [[Spanish Empire]]
| French victory
* France briefly conquers the [[Papal States]] and captures [[Pope Pius VI]] <small>(1798–99)</small>
* [[Treaty of Lunéville]] (1801) recognises Holy Roman Empire's loss of southern Low Countries to France
* [[Concordat of 1801]]: [[Pope Pius VII]] recognises the abolition of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège
|[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]]
|-valign="top"
| '''[[War of the Third Coalition]]'''
1803–1806<br /><small>(part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]])</small>
| ((plainlist|
'''Third Coalition:'''<br />
* [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|border|20px]] [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
* ((flagicon image|Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg|border=no|22px)) [[Sweden]] <small>(1804–06)</small>
* [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px|border]] [[Russian Empire]] <small>(1805–06)</small>
* [[File:Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg|20px|border]] [[Holy Roman Empire]] <small>(1805)</small>
** [[File:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|border|20px]] [[Austrian Empire]] <small>(1805)</small>
* [[File:Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816).svg|20px|border]] [[Kingdom of Naples]] <small>(1805–06)</small>
* [[File:Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg|border|20px]] [[Kingdom of Sicily]] <small>(1805–06)</small>
))
| ((plainlist|
[[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|20px|border]] '''[[First French Empire]]'''((efn|The [[French First Republic]] transformed into the [[First French Empire]] on 18 May 1804 with the adoption of the [[Constitution of the Year XII]]. The [[Coronation of Napoleon]] took place on 2 December 1804.))
))
* ((flagicon|Batavian Republic)) [[Batavian Republic]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Etruria.svg)) [[Kingdom of Etruria|Etruria]]
* ((flagicon|Napoleonic Italy)) [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Italy]] 
((plainlist|
* ((flagdeco|Spain|1785)) [[History of Spain (1700–1810)|Spain]]
* ((flagicon|Electorate of Bavaria)) [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
* ((flagicon image|Flag of Württemberg before 1809.svg)) [[Electorate of Württemberg|Württemberg]]
))
| French victory
* [[Treaty of Pressburg (1805)]]: Austrian Empire leaves Coalition
* Consolidation of the [[First French Empire]]
* [[Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire]]((efn|Holy Roman Emperor [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II of Habsburg]] proclaimed the Austrian Empire on 11 August 1804, elevating the [[Habsburg monarchy]] to imperial status by himself. The indirect causes of this move are the French conquest of the Rhineland and further expansion into Germany and the [[Reichsdeputationshauptschluss]] of 1803, which curbed the meaning and power of the Holy Roman Empire/Emperor. The direct cause of Francis' proclamation was the adoption of the new French Constitution of 18 May 1804, which appointed [[Napoleon]] as Emperor of the French (followed by his [[Coronation of Napoleon I|coronation]] on 2 December 1804). Instead of an increasingly meaningless and non-hereditary title that was dependent on the cooperation of the Electors and was limited to only the northwestern parts of his ''Hausmacht'', Francis now made all Austrian Habsburg possessions into a unified hereditary empire.))
* Creation of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] 
* Formation of the [[War of the Fourth Coalition|Fourth Coalition]] a few months later
| [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]]
|}

=== Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#DD0000; width:20em; color:white;" |Conflict
! style="background:#DD0000; width:15em; color:white;"|Combatant 1
! style="background:#DD0000; width:15em; color:white;"|Combatant 2
! style="background:#DD0000; width:20em; color:white;"|Result
! style="background:#DD0000; width:10em; color:white;"|Protector
|-
|[[War of the Fourth Coalition]] (1806-1807)
|[[First French Empire|France]]
* [[Confederation of the Rhine]]
* [[Kingdom of Etruria|Etruria]] 
* [[Kingdom of Holland|Holland]] 
* [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Napoleonic Italy]] 
* [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]] 
* [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]

(from 11 Dec 1806)

* [[Polish Legions (Napoleonic period)|Polish Legions]] 
* [[Switzerland in the Napoleonic era|Swiss Confederation]]

[[History of Spain (1700–1808)|Spain]]
|
* [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] 
* [[Russian Empire]] 
* [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Electorate of Saxony|Saxony]] (until 11 Dec 1806)
* [[Gustavian era|Sweden]] 
* [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] 
|French Victory

* [[Treaties of Tilsit]]
* [[Treaty of Poznań|Treaty of Posen]]
* Franco Russian alliance 
* Creation of the [[Continental System]]
* Hostilities resume later in 1807 with the commencement of the [[Peninsular War]] and expand and expand((clarify|date=October 2022)) in 1809 with the formation of a [[War of the Fifth Coalition|Fifth Coalition]] against France
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
|-
|[[Peninsular War]] 
(1808-1814)
|France

* [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte|Napoleonic Spain]] 
* [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] 
* [[Confederation of the Rhine]]
* [[Duchy of Warsaw]] 
* [[Denmark–Norway|Denmark-Norway]] ([[Evacuation of La Romana's division]])
|[[Supreme Central Junta|Spain]] 
[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] 
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] 
|Coalition Victory

* [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]] 
* [[Spanish American wars of independence|Revolts]] break out in Spanish America 
* Collapse of the [[First French Empire]] 
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
|-
|[[War of the Fifth Coalition]]
(1809)
|[[First French Empire|France]] 
* [[Confederation of the Rhine]]
* [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] 
* [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] 
* [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Westphalia]] 
* [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Württemberg]] 
* [[Duchy of Warsaw]]
* [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Italy]] 
* [[Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)|Naples]] 
* [[Kingdom of Holland|Holland]] 
|
* [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]
* [[United Kingdom]]
* [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]
* [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]

Rebel Groups

* [[Black Brunswickers]]
* [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]]
* [[Gottscheers]]
* Italian rebels
|French Victory 
[[Treaty of Schönbrunn]]

* [[Illyrian Provinces]] to [[First French Empire|France]]
* [[Salzburg]] to [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]
* Parts of [[Bohemia]] to [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] 
* [[West Galicia]] to [[Duchy of Warsaw]] 
* [[Eastern Galicia|East Galicia]] to [[Russian Empire|Russia]]
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
|-
|[[War of the Sixth Coalition]] 
(1813-1814)
|[[First French Empire|France]] 
* [[Duchy of Warsaw]] 
* [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Italy]] 
* [[Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)|Naples]]

Until January 1814

[[Confederation of the Rhine]]

(many member states defected after the Battle of Leipzig)

[[Denmark–Norway|Denmark-Norway]]
|[[Russian Empire|Russia]]<br>[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]<br>United Kingdom<br>[[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]<br>[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]<br>[[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]<br>[[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]<br>[[History of Spain (1808–1874)|Spain]]<br>[[Sweden]]

''After the Armistice of Pläswitz''

[[Austrian Empire|Austria]]<br>[[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]

''After the Battle of Leipzig''

[[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]]<br>[[Liechtenstein]]<br>[[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Netherlands]]<br>[[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]

''After November 20, 1813''

[[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Netherlands]]

''After January 1814''

[[History of Denmark|Denmark]]
|Coalition Victory

* [[Treaty of Kiel]]
* [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]]
* [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]]

[[Confederation of the Rhine]] dissolved

German states and Austria unite to form the [[German Confederation]]

[[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|Netherlands]] gains independence

[[Kingdom of Norway (1814)|Norway]] ceded to [[Charles XIII|The King of Sweden]] 
|[[Napoleon|Napoleon I]]
|}

=== German Confederation (1815–1866) ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#DD0000; width:20em; color:white;" |Conflict
! style="background:#DD0000; width:15em; color:white;"|Combatant 1
! style="background:#DD0000; width:15em; color:white;"|Combatant 2
! style="background:#DD0000; width:20em; color:white;"|Result
! style="background:#DD0000; width:10em; color:white;"|Head of the Presiding Power
|-
|[[Hundred Days|War of the Seventh Coalition]] 
(1815)
|[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]<br>[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]<br>[[Austrian Empire|Austria]]<br>[[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]]<br>[[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]<br>[[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]]<br>[[Electorate of Hanover|Hanover]]<br>[[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau]]<br>[[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]<br>[[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Tuscany]]<br>[[Russian Empire|Russia]]<br>[[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]]<br>[[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]]<br>[[Denmark]]<br>[[Liechtenstein]]<br>[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]]<br>[[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]]<br>[[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]]<br>[[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]<br>[[History of Spain (1808–1874)|Spain]]<br>[[Sweden]]<br>[[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
|[[First French Empire|France]] 
[[Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)|Naples]] 
|Coalition Victory

* [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Second Treaty of Paris]] 
* End of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] 
* Second exile of [[Napoleon]] (to the island of [[Saint Helena]]) and [[Bourbon Restoration in France|second Bourbon Restoration]]
* Beginning of the [[Concert of Europe]]
|[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]]
|-
|[[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)|Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839-1841)]]
|[[Ottoman Empire]]
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]

[[Austrian Empire|Austria]]

[[Russian Empire|Russia]]

[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]
|[[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]]
[[French Second Republic|France]]

[[Bourbon Spain|Spain]]
|Ottoman victory

* Egyptian retrocession of [[Syria]], [[Crete]], and the Hejaz to the [[Ottoman Empire]]
|[[Frederick William III of Prussia|Frederick William III]]
|-
|[[German revolutions of 1848–1849]]
|((Flag|German Confederation|)) 
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Saxony|)) 
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|)) 
* ((Flag|Austrian Empire|)) 
|[[German Empire (1848–1849)]]
[[Revolutionary|German Revolutionaries]]
|Rebellion riot struck down

* Establishment of German state and introduction of liberal constitution
* Dissolution of [[German Confederation]] 
|[[Ferdinand I of Austria|Ferdinand I]] 
[[Archduke John of Austria]]

[[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]
|-
|[[First Schleswig War]] <small>''(Part of the revolutions of 1848)''</small>
|((Flag|Denmark|))
|((Flag|German Confederation|))
|Danish victory
* Denmark retains control of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]
|[[Ferdinand I of Austria]]
 
[[Franz Joseph I of Austria]]
|-
|[[Second Schleswig War]]
|((Flag|Denmark|))
|((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia|))
((Flag|Austrian Empire|))
|Austro-Prussian Victory

* [[Danish Realm|Denmark]] losses [[Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig]], [[Holstein]] and [[Lauenburg]] to [[Prussia]] and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] 
|[[Otto von Bismarck]]
|-
|[[Austro-Prussian War]] 
(1866)
|Austrian-led [[German Confederation]] States
* [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] 
* [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] 
* [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] 
* [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]] 
* [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]] 
* [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]] 
* [[Grand Duchy of Baden|Baden]] 
* [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse-Darmstadt]] 
* [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau]] 
* [[Saxe-Meiningen]] 
* [[Principality of Reuss-Greiz|Reuss-Greiz]] 
* [[Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe|Schaumburg-Lippe]] 
* [[Free City of Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] 
* [[Liechtenstein]] 
|Prussian-led German States
* [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] 
* [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] 
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] 
* [[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]] 
* [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Saxe-Coburg & Gotha]] 
* [[Saxe-Altenburg]] 
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] 
* [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]] 
* [[Duchy of Anhalt|Anhalt]] 
* [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen|Schwarzburg]] 
* [[Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Waldeck]] 
* [[Principality of Lippe|Lippe]] 
* [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]] 
* [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] 
* [[Hamburg]]

[[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|Prussian-led German and Italian Victory

* [[Peace of Prague (1866)|Dissolution]] of the [[German Confederation]] 
* [[North German Confederation Treaty|Formation]] of the [[North German Confederation]], later the German Empire
* [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867|Formation]] of [[Austria-Hungary]]
|[[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Francis Joseph I]]
|}

=== North German Confederation (1867–1870/71) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Conflict
!Combatant 1
!Combatant 2
!Result
!President
|-
|[[Franco-Prussian War]] 
(1870–1871)
|((Flag|North German Confederation|1871)) 
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Prussia)) 
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Saxony)) 
* ((Flag|Baden|name=Grand Duchy of Baden))
* ((Flag|Kingdom of Bavaria))
* Kingdom of Wuttemberg
* ((Flag|Grand Duchy of Hesse))

((Flag|German Empire|1871))

(after 18 January 1871) 
|((Flag|France|name=French Third Republic)) ([[Government of National Defense]])

* [[Army of the Vosges|Foreign Volunteers]]
|German Victory

* [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Treaty of Frankfurt]] 
* Fall of the [[Second French Empire]] 
* Formation of the [[French Third Republic]] 
* Beginning of [[French–German enmity|Franco-German enmity]] 
* [[Paris Commune]] uprising 
* [[Unification of Germany]] completed 
* [[Proclamation of the German Empire|Proclamation]] of the [[German Empire]] 
* German annexation of [[Alsace–Lorraine|Alsace-Lorraine]]
|[[William I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]]
|}

==Post-unification (1871–present)==
===German Empire (1871–1918)===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#DD0000" width="170px"|<span style="color: white">Conflict</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="190px"|<span style="color: white">Combatant 1</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="190px"|<span style="color: white">Combatant 2</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="320px"|<span style="color: white">Result</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="130px"|<span style="color: white">''Reichskanzler'' (Imperial chancellor)</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="100px"|<span style="color: white">German losses</span>
|-
| style="background:#efefef" |[[Great Eastern Crisis]]
| style="background:#efefef" |[[Russian Empire|Russia]]
[[Grand Duchy of Finland]]
[[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]
[[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
[[Austria-Hungary]]
[[German Empire|Germany]]
[[French Second Republic|France]]

[[Principality of Serbia|Serbia]]

[[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegro]]

[[Greeks|Greek]] rebels

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
| style="background:#efefef" |[[Ottoman Empire]]
| style="background:#D0FFD0" |Ottoman defeat

* [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]]
|
| style="background:#efefef" |
|-
| style="background:#efefef" | [[Nauruan Civil War]]<br />(1878&ndash;1888)
| style="background:#efefef" | Supporters of [[Aweida|King Aweida]]<br />((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
| style="background:#efefef" | Anti-Aweida Rebels
| style="background:#D0FFD0" | '''Victory'''
* Nauru is annexed as part of [[German New Guinea]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#efefef" |((center|[[Otto von Bismarck]]))
| style="background:#efefef" |((center|?))
|-
| style="background:#efefef" | [[Samoan Civil War|First Samoan Civil War]]<br />(1886&ndash;1894)
| style="background:#efefef" | ((flagicon image|Flag of Tuiaana line 1873-1887 1889-1900.svg|size=22px)) Supporters of [[Malietoa Laupepa|Laupepa]]<br />((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
| style="background:#efefef" | ((flagicon image|Flag of Tuiaana line 1873-1887 1889-1900.svg|size=22px)) Supporters of [[Mata'afa Iosefo|Mata'afa]]
| style="background:#E0D0FF" | '''Compromise'''
* [[Malietoa Laupepa]] restored to power
| style="background:#efefef" |((center|16 dead<ref>Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Abushiri Revolt]]<br/>(1888&ndash;1889)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))<br/>((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| Arab Rebels led by [[Abushiri ibn Salim al-Harthi|al-Harthi]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* Rebellion put down
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Hehe people#Hehe rebellion|Hehe Rebellion]]<br/>(1891&ndash;1898)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Hehe people|Hehe]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* Rebellion put down
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=2| ((center|[[Leo von Caprivi]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Bafut Wars]]<br/>(1891&ndash;1907)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Bafut Subdivision|Fondom of Bafut]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* Exile of the [[Fon of Bafut]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)]]<br/>(1897&ndash;1898)
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Image:Arkadi Cretan flag.svg|22px]] [[Crete|Cretan revolutionaries]] <br /> [[File:State Flag of Greece (1863-1924 and 1935-1973).svg|22px]] [[Kingdom of Greece]]<br />((Flag|British Empire))<br />((flagcountry|French Third Republic))<br />((flagicon|Kingdom of Italy)) [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]<br />((flagu|Russian Empire))<br />((flag|Austria-Hungary)) (until April 12, 1898)<br />((flag|German Empire)) (until March 16, 1898)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Ottoman Empire))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* Establishment of the [[Cretan State]].
* Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete.
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=2| ((center|[[Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Second Samoan Civil War]]<br/>(1898&ndash;1899)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Flag of Tuiaana line 1873-1887 1889-1900.svg|size=22px)) Supporters of [[Mata'afa Iosefo|Mata'afa]]<br/>((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Flag of Samoa (1879).svg|size=22px)) Supporters of [[Malietoa Tanumafili I|Tanumafili I]]<br/>((flag|United States|1896|size=22px))<br/>((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Compromise'''
*[[Tripartite Convention]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Boxer Rebellion]]<br />(1899&ndash;1901)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagdeco|Russia|size=22px)) [[Russian Empire|Russia]]<br>((flagicon|Empire of Japan|size=22px)) [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]<br>((flagicon|British Empire|size=22px)) [[United Kingdom]]<br>((Flagdeco|France|1794|size=22px)) [[French Third Republic|France]]<br>((flag|United States|1896|size=22px))<br>((flagicon|German Empire|size=22px)) [[German Empire|Germany]]<br>((flag|Austria-Hungary|size=22px))<br>((flagicon|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px)) [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Yihetuan flag.png|size=22px)) [[Righteous Harmony Society|Yihetuan Movement]]<br />((flag|Qing Dynasty|size=22px|name=China))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*Signing of the [[Boxer Protocol]]
*Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in [[Beijing]]
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=1| ((center|[[Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Adamawa Wars]]<br/>(1899&ndash;1907)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))<br/>((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg)) [[Sokoto Caliphate]]<br/>((flagicon image|Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg)) [[mahdism|Mahdist]] rebels
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*German rule in [[Kamerun]] solidified
| rowspan="5" style="background:#efefef" | ((center|[[Bernhard von Bülow]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03|Venezuelan Crisis]]<br/>(1902&ndash;1903)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagcountry|United Kingdom|size=22px))<br />((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|Venezuela|1863|size=22px)) [[United States of Venezuela|Venezuela]]
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Compromise'''
*Venezuelan debt dispute resolved
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Kavango Uprising]]<ref name=":17">((Cite web|url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/index_uprisings.htm|title=Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power|website=klausdierks.com))</ref><br/>(1903)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((Flag|German Empire))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Kavango people|Kavango]] rebels
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*Uprising suppressed
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Herero Wars]]<br/>(1904&ndash;1908)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Herero people|Herero]]<br />[[Nama people|Namaqua]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*[[Herero and Namaqua genocide]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|1,541 dead<ref>Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Maji Maji Rebellion]]<br/>(1905&ndash;1908)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|German Empire|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Qadiriyya|Qadiriyya Brotherhood]]<br/> [[Matumbi people|Matumbi]]<br/> [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]]<br/> [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*Rebellion put down
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|397 dead<ref>((cite book
  | last = Gellately
  | first = Robert
  |author2=Ben Kiernan
  | title = The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective
  | publisher = Published by Cambridge University Press
  | year = 2003
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe/page/161 161]
  | url = https://archive.org/details/specterofgenocid00robe
  | url-access = registration
  | isbn = 0-521-52750-3))</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Sokehs Rebellion]]<br/>(1910&ndash;1911)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagcountry|German Empire|size=23px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Sokehs]] tribe
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*Rebellion put down
| rowspan="2" style="background:#efefef" | ((center|[[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg]]))
| style="background:#efefef" | ((center|5 dead<ref>Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden''. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[World War I]] <br /> (1914&ndash;1918)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagcountry|German Empire|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Austria-Hungary|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Ottoman Empire|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagcountry|French Third Republic|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|United Kingdom|size=22px))<br/>((flagdeco|Russian Empire|size=22px))((flagdeco|Soviet Russia|size=22px)) [[Russian Empire|Russia]] ([[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk|withdrew]])<br />((flagcountry|United States|1912|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|size=22px))<br />((flag|Canada|1907|size=22px))<br />((flag|Australia|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|British Raj|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Union of South Africa|1912|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Montenegro|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Belgium|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|First Portuguese Republic|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|First Brazilian Republic|size=22px))<br/>((flagicon image|Pre-1962 Flag of Nepal (with spacing).svg|size=24px|border=no)) [[Nepal]]<br />((flagcountry|Empire of Japan|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Siam|size=22px))<br>((flagcountry|Kingdom of Hejaz|1917))
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''Defeat'''
* [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]]
* [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]]
* Communist [[Russian Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]], with the subsequent formation of the [[Soviet Union]] after
* [[German Revolution|Establishment]] of the [[Weimar Republic]]
* The rise of the United States position
* Transfer of [[German colonial empire|German colonies]] and territories to other countries, [[partition of the Ottoman Empire]], [[dissolution of Austria-Hungary]]
* [[Turkish War of Independence]]
* Creation of the [[League of Nations]]
* [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Victory of Germany and its allies over Russia]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|2,198,420 to<br />2,800,720 dead<ref>See [[World War I casualties]]</ref>))
|}

=== Weimar Republic (1918–1933) ===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="170px"|Conflict
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="190px"|Combatant 1
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="190px"|Combatant 2
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="320px"|Result
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="130px"|Reichskanzler
!style="background:#DD0000; color:white;" width="100px"|German losses
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[German Revolution of 1918–19|German Revolution]]<br/>(1918&ndash;1919)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|German Empire|size=22px)) [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg|size=22px)) [[German Revolution of 1918-19#9 November 1918: Two proclamations of a republic|Revolutionaries]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Government victory'''
*Establishment of the [[Weimar Republic]]
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=2| ((center|[[Friedrich Ebert]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)|Greater Poland Uprising]]<br/>(1918&ndash;1919)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|German Empire|size=22px)) [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
|style="background:#efefef"| [[File:Flag of Poland (1919-1928).svg|22px|border]] [[Polish Military Organisation|POW]]
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''Defeat'''
*Poland gains [[Greater Poland]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"|[[Lithuanian–Soviet War]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((Flag|Weimar Republic|))
((Flag|Lithuania|))
|style="background:#efefef"|((Flag|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|))
((Flag|Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia|))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"|Lithuanian victory
|style="background:#efefef"|[[Silvestras Žukauskas]]
|style="background:#efefef"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Silesian Uprisings#First war (1919)|First Silesian Uprising]]<br/>(1919)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[File:Flag of Poland (1919-1928).svg|22px|border]] [[Polish Military Organization of Upper Silesia|POW-GS]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*German forces crush uprising
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=2| ((center|[[Gustav Bauer]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Ruhr uprising|Ruhr Uprising]]<br/>(1920)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg|size=22px)) [[Ruhr Red Army]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Government victory'''
*Uprising crushed
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|1,600+<br/><small>(Both combatants)</small>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Silesian Uprisings#Second war (1920)|Second Silesian Uprising]]<br/>(1920)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany|size=23px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[File:Flag of Poland (1919-1928).svg|22px|border]] [[Polish Military Organization of Upper Silesia|POW-GS]]
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''[[League of Nations]] ceasefire'''
*Order restored by Allied intervention
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=1| ((center|[[Constantin Fehrenbach]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Silesian Uprisings#Third war (1921)|Third Silesian Uprising]]<br/>(1921)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Weimar Republic|name=Germany|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| [[File:Flag of Poland (1919-1928).svg|22px|border]] [[Polish Military Organization of Upper Silesia|POW-GS]]
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''[[League of Nations]] ceasefire'''
*Parts of [[Upper Silesia]] ceded to Poland
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=1| ((center|[[Joseph Wirth]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|?))
|}

=== Nazi Germany (1933–1945) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background:#DD0000" width="170px"|<span style="color: black">Conflict</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="190px"|<span style="color: black">Combatant 1</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="190px"|<span style="color: black">Combatant 2</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="320px"|<span style="color: black">Result</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="130px"|<span style="color: black">Führer</span>
!style="background:#DD0000" width="100px"|<span style="color: black">German losses</span>
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[German involvement in the Spanish Civil War]]<br/>(1936&ndash;1939)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|Spain|1938|size=22px)) [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Spanish Nationalists]]<br />((flag|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy|size=22px))<br />((flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany|size=22px))<br />((flagicon|Portugal|size=22px)) [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|Spanish Republic|size=22px)) [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Spanish Republicans]]<br />((flagicon image|Flag of the International Brigades.svg|size=22px)) [[International Brigades]]
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* End of the [[Second Spanish Republic]]
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=3| ((center|[[Adolf Hitler]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|~300 killed<ref>((Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Thomas (historian) | orig-year=1961, 1987, 2001 | year = 2003 |title=The Spanish Civil War|publisher=Penguin|location=London |isbn=0-14-101161-0 |oclc= 248799351 |pages=634))</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|Invasion of Czechoslovakia]]<br/>(1939)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Hungary|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagcountry|Second Czechoslovak Republic|size=22px))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* German occupation of [[Czechoslovakia]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center| 21 killed and wounded<ref>[https://armada.vojenstvi.cz/predvalecna/mobilizace/boje-o-ceskoslovenske-hranice-v-roce-1939.htm Boje o československé hranice v roce 1939]</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[World War II]]<br/>(1939&ndash;1945)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Empire of Japan|name=Japan|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|name=Italy|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Hungary|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania|name=Romania|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|name=Slovakia|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Finland|size=22px))<br />((flag|Thailand|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Soviet Union|1936|size=22px))<br />((flag|United States|1912|size=22px))<br />((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–1949)|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|French Third Republic|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Second Polish Republic|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Canada|1921|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Australia|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|British Raj|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Union of South Africa|1928|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia|size=22px))<br />((flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Denmark|size=22px))<br />((flag|Norway|size=22px))<br />((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))<br />((flag|Belgium|size=22px))<br />((flag|Luxembourg|size=22px))<br>((flagcountry|Ethiopian Empire|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Vargas Era|1930|size=22px))<br />((flag|Mexico|1934|size=22px))<br />((flag|Colombia|size=22px))<br/>((flagcountry|Republic of Cuba (1902-1959)|size=22px))<br />((flagicon image|Pre-1962 Flag of Nepal (with spacing).svg|size=24px|border=no)) [[Nepal]]<br/>((flagdeco|Philippines|1936|size=22px)) [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippines]]<br/>((flagcountry|Mongolian People's Republic|1945|size=22px))
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''Defeat'''
* [[German Instrument of Surrender|Collapse]] of [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Axis powers|its allies]]. Allied occupation of Germany and Japan as well as Austria and Korea. Germany lost its [[Former eastern territories of Germany|eastern territories]] and areas Germany annexed were also abolished. In 1949 Germany was divided into [[West Germany|West]] and [[East Germany|East]] until the [[German reunification|1990 reunification]]
* Economy and facility of Europe suffered heavy loss 
* Creation of the [[United Nations]] and rise of [[Internationalism (politics)|internationalism]]
* Rise of the [[pan-Europeanism]]
* Beginning of the [[Cold War]]
* Decline of both British-French powers 
* Emergence of [[United States]] and [[Soviet Union]] as two [[superpower]]s
* Wave of [[Decolonization]] in most of Western overseas territories, especially after France's military defeat in [[French Indochina]]
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|6,900,000 to<br/>7,400,000 dead<ref>See [[World War II casualties]]</ref>))
|}

===East Germany (1949–1990)=== 
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="170px"|Conflict
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="190px"|Combatant 1
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="190px"|Combatant 2
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="320px"|Result
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="130px"|Leadership of East Germany
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="100px"|German losses
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[East German uprising of 1953]]<br/>(1953)
|style="background:#efefef"| 
((flag|East Germany|size=22px))<br>((flagd|USSR|1936)) [[Soviet Union]]
|style="background:#efefef"| 
Demonstrators
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|[[Walter Ulbricht]]))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|''5 police killed'')) 
|- 
|}

===Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)===                                                
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="170px"|Conflict
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="190px"|Combatant 1
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="190px"|Combatant 2
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="320px"|Result
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="130px"|''Bundeskanzler'' (Federal Chancellor)
!style="background:#FFCC00" width="100px"|German losses
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Operation Deliberate Force]]<br/>(1995)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|NATO|size=22px))
* ((flag|Belgium|size=22px))
* ((flag|Canada|size=22px))
* ((flag|Denmark|size=22px))
* ((flag|France|size=22px))
* ((flag|Germany|size=22px))
* ((flag|Italy|size=22px))
* ((flag|Luxembourg|size=22px))
* ((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))
* ((flag|Norway|size=22px))
* ((flag|Portugal|size=22px))
* ((flag|Spain|size=22px))
* ((flag|Turkey|size=22px))
* ((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
* ((flag|United States|size=22px))
----
* ((flagdeco|United Nations)) [[United Nations Protection Force]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Republika Srpska|size=22px))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
*[[Dayton Accords]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|[[Helmut Kohl]]))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|''None''))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Operation Allied Force]]<br/>(1999)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|NATO|size=22px))
* ((flag|Belgium|size=22px))
* ((flag|Canada|size=22px))
* ((flag|Denmark|size=22px))
* ((flag|France|size=22px))
* ((flag|Germany|size=22px))
* ((flag|Italy|size=22px))
* ((flag|Luxembourg|size=22px))
* ((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))
* ((flag|Norway|size=22px))
* ((flag|Portugal|size=22px))
* ((flag|Spain|size=22px))
* ((flag|Turkey|size=22px))
* ((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
* ((flag|United States|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|FR Yugoslavia|size=22px))
|style="background:#D0FFD0"| '''Victory'''
* [[Kumanovo Treaty]]
* Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo
* [[UN Resolution 1244|United Nations Resolution 1244]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|[[Gerhard Schröder]]))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|''None''))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]<br />(2001&ndash;2021)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Afghanistan|2013|size=22px))<br>((flagicon image|Flag of the International Security Assistance Force.svg|size=22px)) [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]
* ((flag|United States|size=22px))
* ((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
* ((flag|Canada|size=22px))
* ((flag|Australia|size=22px))
* ((flag|New Zealand|size=22px))
* ((flag|Germany|size=22px))
* ((flag|France|size=22px))
* ((flag|Italy|size=22px))
* ((flag|Czech Republic|size=22px))
* ((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))
* ((flag|Turkey|size=22px))
* ((flag|Romania|size=22px))
* ((flag|Georgia|size=22px))
* ((flag|South Korea|size=22px))
* ((flag|Poland|size=22px))
* ((flag|Denmark|size=22px))
* ((flag|Sweden|size=22px))
* ((flag|Norway|size=22px))
* [[International Security Assistance Force|Others]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon|Afghanistan|Taliban|size=22px)) [[Taliban]]<br />((flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=22px)) [[al-Qaeda]]
|style="background:#FFD0D0"| '''Taliban Victory'''
* Fall of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] in 2001
* Establishment of new [[Presidency of Hamid Karzai|Afghan government]]
* Fall of the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]], reestablishment of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]] on 16 August 2021
* [[War in North-West Pakistan]]
|style="background:#efefef"| ((center|[[Gerhard Schröder]]<br><small>(2001–2005)</small><br>[[Angela Merkel]]<br><small>(2005–2021)</small>))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|59 dead<ref name="icasualties">((cite web|title=Germany honors soldiers who fought in Afghanistan mission|url= https://www.dw.com/en/germany-honors-soldiers-who-fought-in-afghanistan-mission/a-59492974 |publisher=dw.com |date=2021-10-13|access-date=2021-12-05 ))</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[International military intervention against ISIL|War on ISIL]]<br/>(2015&ndash;present)
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Iraq|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Iraqi Kurdistan|size=22px))<br/>((flag|Syrian Kurdistan|civil|size=22px))<br/>[[File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|23px]] [[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF–OIR]]
*((flag|United States|size=22px))
*((flag|United Kingdom|size=22px))
*((flag|Canada|size=22px))
*((flag|France|size=22px))
*((flag|Germany|size=22px))
*((flag|Turkey|size=22px))
*((flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px))
*((flag|Qatar|size=22px))
*((flag|Jordan|size=22px))
*((flag|Bahrain|size=22px))
*((flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px))
*((flag|Morocco|size=22px))
*((flag|Australia|size=22px))
*((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))
*((flag|Belgium|size=22px))
*((flag|Denmark|size=22px))
*((flag|Norway|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|name=ISIL|size=22px))<hr />((flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=22px)) [[al-Qaeda]]
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Ongoing'''
* Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria
* [[Islamic terrorism in Europe]]
|style="background:#efefef" rowspan=2| ((center|[[Angela Merkel]]<br><small>(2015–2021)</small><br>[[Olaf Scholz]]<br><small>(2021–)</small>))
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|''See below''<ref>No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see [[Islamic terrorism in Europe]].</ref>))
|-
|style="background:#efefef"| [[Mali War]]<br />(2017–2023)	
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flag|Mali|size=22px))<br>((flagicon|United Nations|size=22px)) [[United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali|MINUSMA]]
*((flag|France|size=22px))
*((flagicon|Nigeria|size=22px)) [[Economic Community of West African States|ECOWAS]]
*((flag|Chad|size=22px))
*((flag|Germany|size=22px))
*((flag|Netherlands|size=22px))
*((flag|Sweden|size=22px))
|style="background:#efefef"| ((flagicon image|AQMI Flag.svg|size=22px)) [[al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb|al-Qaeda]]
|style="background:#E0D0FF"| '''Compromise'''
* The Foreign Minister of Mali requested that the United Nations terminate MINUSMA due to what he called its "failure" to stabilize the situation there on 16 June 2023
* MINUSMA was officially terminated on 30 June 2023.
* Dissolution of United Nations peacekeeping mission on 31 December 2023
* Withdrewal of all contributing MINUSMA nations and retreat of their troops within 6 months
|style="background:#efefef"|((center|2 dead<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mali-un-crash-idUSKBN1AB23N|title=German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed|newspaper=Reuters |date=26 July 2017|via=www.reuters.com))</ref>))
|}

==Notes==
((notelist))

==References==
((reflist))

==Sources==
((refbegin))
* ((Cite book |last=Croxton |first=Derek |title=The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-33332-2))
* ((Cite book |last1=Heitz |first1=Gerhard |title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |last2=Rischer |first2=Henning |publisher=Koehler&Amelang |year=1995 |isbn=3-7338-0195-4 |language=de))
((refend))

((Europe topic|List of wars involving|title=Lists of wars involving European countries))

((DEFAULTSORT:List Of Wars Involving Germany))
[[Category:Wars involving Germany| ]]
[[Category:Germany history-related lists|Wars]]
[[Category:German military-related lists|Wars]]
[[Category:Lists of wars by country|Germany]]

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