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History of India

Timeline
Prehistoric Madrasian culture Soanian, c. 500,000 BCE Neolithic, c. 7600 – c. 3300 BCE Bhirrana 7570 – 6200 BCE Jhusi 7106 BCE Lahuradewa 7000 BCE Mehrgarh 7000 – 2600 BCE
Ancient Indus Valley civilization, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE Post Indus Valley Period (Cemetery H Culture), c. 1700 – c. 1500 BCE Vedic civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE Kuru Kingdom, c. 1200 - c. 500 BCE Early Vedic Period Rise of Śramaṇa movement Later Vedic Period Spread of Jainism – Parshvanatha Spread of Jainism – Mahavira Rise of Buddhism Kingdom of Magadha Haryanka Dynasty c. 544 – c. 413 BCE Shaishunaga Dynasty c. 413 – c. 345 BCE Nanda Dynasty, c. 345 – c. 322 BCE Mahajanapadas, c. 500 – c. 345 BCE
Classical Kingdom of Magadha Maurya Dynasty, c. 322 – c. 185 BCE Shunga Dynasty, c. 185 – c. 75 BCE Kanva Dynasty, c. 75 – c. 30 BCE Sangam period Kushan Dynasty, c. 30 – c. 230 CE Satavahana Dynasty, c. 30 BCE – c. 220 CE Gupta Dynasty, c. 200 – c. 550 CE
Early medieval Chalukya Dynasty, c. 543 – c. 753 CE Harsha's Dynasty, c. 606 CE – c. 647 CE Karakota Dynasty, c. 724 – c. 760 CE Arab Invasion, c. 738 CE Tripartite Struggle, c. 760 – c. 973 CE Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty Rastrakuta Dynasty Pala Dynasty Chola Dynasty, c. 848 – c. 1251 CE 2nd Chalukya Dynasty, c. 973 – c. 1187 CE
Late medieval Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE Slave Dynasty Khalji Dynasty Tugluq Dynasty Sayyid Dynasty Lodhi Dynasty Pandyan Dynasty, c. 1251 – c. 1323 CE Vijayanagara, c. 1336 – c. 1646 CE Bengal Sultanate, c. 1342 – c. 1576 CE
Early modern Mughal Dynasty, c. 1526 – c. 1540 CE Suri Dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE Mughal Dynasty, c. 1556 – c. 1857 CE Bengal Subah, c. 1576 – c. 1757 CE Maratha Empire, c. 1674 – c. 1818 CE Company Raj, c. 1757 – c. 1858 CE Kingdom of Mysore, c. 1760 – c. 1799 CE Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
Modern The Great Rebellion, 1857 – 1858 CE British Raj, 1858 – 1947 CE Independence Movement Independent India, 1947 CE – present Dominion of India, 1947 – 1950 CE Republic of India, 1950 CE – present
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This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving former kingdoms and states in the Indian subcontinent and the modern day Republic of India and its predecessors.

Ancient India (c. 15th to 1st century BCE)

Name of conflict	Belligerents	Belligerents	Outcome
Battle of the Ten Kings (c. 14th century BCE)	Bharata kingdom	Ten King Alliance	Bharatas Victory Bharatas ruled entire Āryāvarta and named as Bharata Khanda.
Kurukshetra War	Pandavas of Kuru Kingdom	Kaurava of Kuru Kingdom	Pandavas Victory After Pandavas victory, entire North India or central India come under Kuru rule.
Kosala-Kashi war (c. 650 BCE)	Kosala kingdom	Kasi kingdom	Kosala Victory Kosala annexation of Kāsī
Kosala conquest of Gaṇasaṅgha (c. 600 to 550 BCE)	Kosala kingdom	Gaṇasaṅghas Kālāma Shakya Koliya	Kosala Victory Kosala annexation of three Gaṇasaṅgha
Gandhāra-Avanti war (c. 575 BCE)	Gandhāra kingdom	Pradyota dynasty	Gandhāra Victory Pushkarasarin of Gandhāra kingdom defeated Pradyota of Avanti
Magadha-Anga war (c. 535 BCE)	Haryanka dynasty	Anga Kingdom	Magadha Victory Magadhan annexation of Anga
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley (c. 535/518BCE–450 BCE)	Mahajanapadas	Achaemenid Empire	Achaemenid Victory Persian rule established over the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent
Avanti-Magadhan wars (c. 510 BCE–400 BCE)	Haryanka dynasty Shishunaga dynasty	Avanti (Ancient India)	Magadha Victory Magadhan annexation of Avanti
Magadha-Kosala war (c. 485 BCE)	Kosala kingdom	Magadha led by Haryanka dynasty	Magadha Victory Magadhan annexation of Kosala
Magadha-Vajji war (c. 484 BCE–468 BCE)	Haryanka dynasty	Vajjika League led by the Licchavis	Magadha Victory Magadhan annexation of Vajji confederacy
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great (c. 327 BCE–325 BCE)	Macedonian Empire	Various Indian kingdoms	* Macedonia conquers up to the Beas River, yet has to stop its advance in the Indus.
Battle of the Hydaspes (c. 326 BCE)	Porus	Macedon League of Corinth Persian allies Indian allies	Macedon Victory Annexation of Punjab Porus became his province chief
Conquest of the Nanda Empire (c. 323 BCE–322 BCE)	Chandragupta Maurya	Nanda Empire	Maurya Victory Fall of Nanda Empire Consolidation of the Maurya Empire
Seleucid–Mauryan war (c. 305 BCE–303 BCE)	Maurya Empire	Seleucid Empire	Maurya Victory Maurya annexation of all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley along with conquest of Persian territories such as Arachosia, Gedrosia and Paropamisadae by the Mauryans ^[1]^[2]^[3]
Kalinga War (c. 262 BCE–261 BCE)	Maurya Empire	Kalinga	Maurya Victory Maurya annexation of Kalinga
Shunga-Greek War (2nd Century BCE)	Shunga dynasty	Greco-Bactrian Kingdom	Shunga Victory
Battle of Vijithapura (c. 162/161 BCE)	Chola dynasty	Anuradhapura Kingdom	Anuradhapura Victory
Battle of Vidarbha (c. 145 BCE)	Shunga Empire	Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era)	Shunga Victory
Battle on the Sindhu river (c. 135 BCE)	Shunga Empire	Indo-Greek Kingdom	Shunga Victory

Classical India (c. 1st to 6th century CE)

Name of conflict	Belligerents	Belligerents	Outcome
Saka-Satavahana Wars (c. 1st–2nd century CE)	Satavahana Empire	Western Kshatrapas	Satvahana Victory
Battle of Venni (c. 130 CE)	Cholas (Uraiyur)	Chera dynasty Pandya dynasty Velir	Chola Victory
Second Parthian-Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE)	Kushan Empire	Parthian Empire	Kushan Victory
Samudragupta conquest of Western Satraps (c. 350 to c. 360 CE)	Gupta Empire	Western Satraps	Guptas Victory
Chandragupta II conquest of Western Satraps (c. 390 to c. 410 CE)	Gupta Empire	Western Satraps	Guptas Victory
Chandragupta II's Campaign of Balkh (c. 5th Century CE)	Gupta Empire	Sassanian empire Hunas	Gupta victory, Afghanistan up to Balkh conquered by the Guptas
Skandagupta conquest of Hunas (c. 455 to c. 457 CE)	Gupta Empire	Alchon Huns	Guptas Victory
First Hunnic War (c. 496–515 CE)	Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Gupta Empire Aulikara Empire Later Gupta dynasty	Alchon Huns	Indian kingdoms Victory
Second Hunnic War (incl. Battle of Sondani (c. 528 CE)) (c. 520–534 CE)	Indian Kingdoms confederacy, Aulikara Empire Gupta Empire Later Gupta dynasty	Alchon Huns	Indian Kingdoms Victory

Early Medieval India (c. 7th to 12th century CE)

Name of conflict	Belliegents	Opponents	Outcome
Battle of Narmada (619 CE)	Chalukyas of Vatapi	Vardhana dynasty	Chalukya victory Harshavardhana South Indian expandation halted Part of imperial conquest of Pulakeshin II
Battle of Pullalur (618–619 CE)	Chalukyas of Vatapi	Pallava dynasty	Chalukya victory Result of battle is inconclusive by mostly historians Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Battle of Vatapi (642 CE)	Chalukyas of Vatapi	Pallava dynasty	Pallava victory Pallava victory and conquest of Vatapi Part of Chalukya–Pallava Wars
Umayyad campaigns in India (712–740 CE)	Gurjara-Pratihara Guhila dynasty Maitraka dynasty Chalukya dynasty Karkota Empire	Umayyad Caliphate	Indian Victory Arab and later Muslim invasions halted in India for next 250 years.
Yaqub's campaigns to the east (861–870)	Zunbils Kharijites Medieval India Hindu Shahis Buddhist tribal chiefs	Abbasid Caliphate Saffarid dynasty	Saffarid Victory Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar marched through Bost, Kandahar, Ghazni, Kabul, Bamyan, Balkh and Herat, conquering them in the name of Islam.
Ghaznavid campaigns in India (10th and 11th centuries)	Hindu Shahis Rajput confederacy Jatts Chandelas Kachchhapaghata dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty Lodi dynasty of Multan Tomara dynasty	Ghaznavids	Ghaznavid Victory Beginning of Muslim rule in the Indian Subcontinent
Chalukya–Chola wars (992–1120 CE)	Chola Empire	Western Chalukya Empire	Chola Victory
Chola conquest of Anuradhapura (993–1017 CE)	Chola Empire	Anuradhapura Kingdom	Chola Victory
Chola expedition to North India (1019–1024 CE)	Chola Empire	Somavamsi dynasty Pala Empire Kamboja Pala dynasty Chandra dynasty	Chola victory Kalinga and Bengal annexed as vassal states of the Chola Empire Part of imperial conquest of Rajendra Chola I
Chola invasion of Srivijaya (1025 CE)	Chola Empire	Srivijaya	Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Kadaram (1068 CE)	Chola Empire	Srivijaya	Chola Victory
Indian campaigns of Muhammad of Ghor (1175–1206) Battle of Kasahrada (1178 CE) First Battle of Tarain (1191 CE) Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE)	Rajput Confedracy Sena dynasty Soomra dynasty Ghaznavids Qarmatians Tibetan tribes	Ghurid dynasty	Ghurids Victory Fundation of Delhi Sultanate

Late Medieval India (c. 13th to 15th century CE)

Name of conflict	Belligerents	Belligerents	Outcome
Battle of Katasin (1243)	Ganga Empire	Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)	Ganga Empire Victory
Second seizure of Lakhnauti (1244)	Ganga Empire	Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)	Ganga Empire Victory
Battles of Umurdan (1247 to 1256)	Ganga Empire	Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)	Ganga Empire Victory
Battle of Beas River (1285)	Delhi Sultanate	Chagatai Khanate	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Mongol invasion of India (1297–1298)	Delhi Sultanate	Chagatai Khanate	Delhi Sultanate Victory Mongol forces expelled from India
Battle of Kili (1299)	Khalji dynasty	Chagatai Khanate	Khalji Victory
Siege of Ranthambore (1301)	Delhi Sultanate	Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)	Delhi Sultanate	Guhila dynasty	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Gujarat (1304)	Delhi Sultanate	Vaghela dynasty	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa (1305)	Delhi Sultanate	Paramara dynasty	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri (1308)	Delhi Sultanate	Seuna dynasty	Delhi Sultanate Victory
Siege of Warangal (1310)	Kakatiya Empire	Khalji dynasty	Khalji Victory
Malik Kafur's invasion of the Pandya kingdom (1310–1311)	Pandyan Kingdom	Khalji dynasty	Khalji Victory
Siege of Warangal (1318)	Kakatiya Empire	Khalji dynasty	Khalji Victory
Battle of Lahrawat (1320)	Khusrau Khan	Tughlaq dynasty	Tughlaq Victory
Siege of Warangal (1323)	Kakatiya Empire	Tughlaq dynasty	Tughlaq Victory End of Kakatiya Empire
Battle of Singoli (1336)	Kingdom of Mewar	Tughlaq dynasty	Rajput Victory Rana Hammir Singh defeated Tughlaq Army Muhammad bin Tughluq taken prisoner
Bengal Sultanate–Delhi Sultanate War (1353–1359)	Delhi Sultanate	Bengal Sultanate	Bengal Sultanate Victory Withdrawal by the Delhi Sultanate Delhi recognises sovereignty of the Sultan of Bengal
Jaunpur-Bhojpur War (1389–1489)	Jaunpur Sultanate	Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur	Jaunpur Sultanate Victory Ujjainiyas flee into the forest and lead a guerilla warfare resistance
Battle of Delhi (1398) (1398)	Timurid Empire	Delhi Sultanate	Timurid Empire Victory Delhi is sacked and looted End of Tughluq dynasty
Bengal Sultanate–Jaunpur Sultanate War (1415–1420)	Bengal Sultanate Diplomatic support: Timurid Empire Ming China	Jaunpur Sultanate	Bengal Sultanate Victory
Battle of Sarangpur (1437)	Kingdom of Mewar Kingdom of Marwar	Malwa Sultanate	Rajput Victory Sultan Mahmud Khalji taken prisoner
Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas (1442–1446)	Kingdom of Mewar	Malwa Sultanate	Rajput Victory
Battle of Nagaur (1457)	Kingdom of Mewar	Gujarat Sultanate Nagaur Sultanate	Rajput Victory

Early Modern India (c. 16th to mid 19th century CE)

Name of conflict (Time)	Belligerents	Opponents	Outcome
First Battle of Cannanore (1501)	Kingdom of Calicut	Portuguese Empire 3rd Portuguese India Armada	Portuguese victory
Battle of Calicut (1503)	Kingdom of Calicut Arab privateers	Portuguese Empire 4th Portuguese India Armada	Portuguese victory
Battle of Cochin (1504)	Kingdom of Calicut Vassal Malabari states Edapalli Cranganore Kottakkal Kingdom of Tanur Beypore Chaliyam Pariyapuram Other Indian States^[4]	Portugal Kingdom of Cochin	Portuguese victory
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war (1505–1517) Battle of Chaul Battle of Diu Siege of Jeddah	Mamluk Sultanate Kingdom of Calicut Bijapur Sultanate Gujarat Sultanate Supported by: Republic of Venice Ottoman Empire	Portuguese Empire	Portuguese victory Start of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations on the Indian Ocean. Start of Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts on Indian subcontinent.
Siege of Anjadiva (1506)	Bijapur Sultanate	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Bijapur victory
Siege of Cannanore (1507)	Kingdom of Cannanore Kingdom of Calicut	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese victory
Battle of Dabul (1508)	Bijapur Sultanate	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese victory
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts (1508–1573) Battle of Chaul Battle of Diu Siege of Diu (1531) Siege of Diu (1538) Siege of Diu (1546) Battle of Bharuch Portuguese conquest of Daman Part of Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)	Gujarat Sultanate Supported by: Kingdom of Calicut Mamluk Sultanate (until 1517) Ottoman Empire (since 1517)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese victory Establishment of Portuguese Diu. Treaty of Bassein (1534). Establishment of Portuguese Bassein. Establishment of Portuguese Daman. Consolidation of Portuguese control in the Gulf of Khambhat. Start of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts.
Portuguese conquest of Goa (1510)	Bijapur Sultanate	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India	Portuguese victory Consolidation of Portuguese India authority.
Siege of Aden (1513)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Yemeni Tahirids	Tahirid victory
Siege of Goa (1517)	Bijapur Sultanate	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Goa	Portuguese victory
Battle of Zeila (1517)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Adal Sultanate	Portuguese victory
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts (1518–1658) Battle of Vedalai Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1560) Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1591) Siege of Kotte (1557–1558) Battle of Mulleriyawa Siege of Colombo (1587–88) Campaign of Danture Battle of Balana Kandyan commerce raiding against Portugal (1612–1613) Battle of Mulleriyawa (1624) Battle of Jaffna (1628) Battle of Randeniwela Battle of Gannoruwa Siege of Galle (1640) Action of 23 March 1654 Action of 2 May 1654	Kingdom of Sitawaka Kingdom of Kandy Principality of Raigama Kingdom of Jaffna Supported by: Zamorin of Calicut Kingdom of Tanjore Vanni chieftains Dutch East India Company (From 1638)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Portuguese Ceylon Lascarins Kingdom of Kotte	Stalemate Establishment and then destruction of Portuguese Ceylon, after conquering kingdoms of Kotte, Sitawaka, Jaffna and Raigama. Capture of Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Raigama and much of Sitawaka by the Dutch and the establishment of Dutch Ceylon.
Battle of Khatoli (1518)	Kingdom of Mewar	Delhi Sultanate	Rajput victory Northeast Rajputana annexed by Rana Sanga Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Gagron (1519)	Rajput Confedracy	Malwa Sultanate Gujarat Sultanate	Rajput victory Rana Sanga conquer most of Malwa region Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Dholpur (1519)	Rajput Confedracy	Delhi Sultanate	Rajput victory The boundaries of Rana Sanga's military influence came to extend within striking distance of Agra. Chanderi bestowed to Medini Rai. Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Gujarat (1520) (1520)	Rajput Confedracy	Gujarat Sultanate	Rajput victory Royal treasuries of Gujarat plundered by Rana Sanga Idar given to Rao Rai Mal Rathore Part of Rana Sanga's conquests.
Battle of Raichur (20 May 1520)	Vijaynagar Empire	Sultanate of Bijapur	Vijaynagar victory Part of Krishnadevaraya's conquests.
First Battle of Panipat (1526)	Delhi Sultanate	Emirate of Kabul	Mughal victory Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals Foundation of the Mughal Empire
Siege of Calicut (1526) Part of Calicut-Portuguese wars	Zamorin of Calicut	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Zamorin victory
Battle of Bayana (21 February 1527)	Rajput Confedracy	Mughal Empire Afghans	Rajput victory Mughal and Afghan Forces retreated Bayana region captured by Rajput Forces Part of Rana Sanga's conquests. Starting of Mughal–Rajput Wars
Battle of Khanwa (16 March 1527)	Rajput Confederacy	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Mughal rule established in North India by Babur and Agra became centre of their power from Kabul.
Battle of Ghaghra (1529)	Mughal Empire	Sultanate of Bengal	Mughal victory Bihar annexed by the Mughals
Battle of Kannauj (1540)	Mughal Empire	Sur Empire	Sur victory Humayun was soundly defeated Resulted in 15 year's exile in the court of Shah Tahmasp I
Battle of Sammel (1544)	Kingdom of Marwar	Sur Empire	Sur victory Bikaner and Merta became independent from Marwar
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)^[5]	Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) Supported by: Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Toungoo dynasty (Burma)	Siam Victory
Battle of Sirhind (1555)	Sur Empire	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Re-Establishment of Mughal Empire By Humayun
Second Battle of Panipat (1556)	Hemchandra Vikramaditya	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Mughal dynasty rule restored in North India Hemchandra Vikramaditya Empire decline
Battle of Tughlaqabad (7 October 1556)	Hem Chandra Vikramaditya	Mughal Empire	Hem Chandra victory Hem Chandra annexed mostly Mughals or Sur Empire's region and established a strong Hindu Empire Part of 22 battles fought by Hemu
Battle of Talikota (23 January 1565)	Vijaynagar Empire	Deccan Sultanates	Deccan Sultanates victory Vijayanagara was destroyed or looted by Muslim armies. Penukonda became second capital of Vijaynagar Empire.
Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568) (23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory The Mughal Empire swept into the territories of Udai Singh II
Siege of Ranthambore (1568) (8 February 1568 – 21 March 1568)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Rajput leader Rai Surjan Hada surrenders Ranthambore Fort
War of the League of the Indies (1570 – 1574) Siege of Chaliyam	Sultanate of Bijapur Sultanate of Ahmadnagar Zamorin of Calicut Sultanate of Aceh Co-belligerents: Princely states of the Kanara coast Kalinyamat Sultanate Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Tidore Sultanate of Golkonda Mappila Muslims	Portuguese Empire	Portuguese victory
Mughal invasion of Bengal (1572–1576)	Mughal Empire	Sultanate of Bengal	Mughal victory Mughal annexation of Bengal and formation of Bengal Subah
Battle of Haldighati (18 June 1576)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Inconclusive Mughals were unable to capture Maharana Pratap & unable to annexed Mewar
Siege of Daman (1581) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts	Mughal Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese victory
Battle of Dewair (1582) (1582)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Rajput victory Result of war led to the automatic liquidation of all 36 Mughal military outposts in Mewar
Battle of Leitao Coast (1586)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Arab Niquilus	Arab victory
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600)	Portuguese Empire Macau Portuguese India	Spanish Empire El Piñal Philippines	Portuguese victory
Siege of Kottakkal (1599–1600)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Kingdom of Calicut	Kunjali Marakkar forces	Portuguese and Calicut victory
Dutch–Portuguese War (1601–1661) Part of Eighty Years' War and Thirty Years' WarAsia Battle of Bantam Capture of Amboina Battle of Changi (1603) Siege of Malacca (1606) Battle of Cape Rachado Battle of Macau Action of 1 February 1625 Battle off Hormuz (1625) Battle of Goa (1638) Action of 30 September 1639 Siege of Galle (1640) Siege of Malacca (1641) Action of 23 March 1654 Action of 2 May 1654 Dutch conquest of Malabar (1658-1663)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India Brazilian colonial forces Portuguese Angola Portuguese Mozambique Portuguese Malacca Portuguese Ceylon Portuguese Macau Supported by: Spanish Empire (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Ming China Hormuz Potiguara Tupis	Dutch Republic Dutch East Indies Dutch West Indies Dutch Brazil Supported by: Kingdom of England (until 1640) France (until 1640) Safavid Empire Johor Sultanate Ternate Ayutthaya Kingdom of Kandy Sitawaka Jaffna Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo Rio Grande Tupis Nhandui Tarairiu Tribe	Indecisive Formation of the Dutch Empire. Both sides claim victory in India.
Battle of Dewair (1606) (1606)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Rajput victory Amar Singh I led a hard-fought battle to defend his territory, and personally killed the Mughal commander Sultan Khan Asaf Khan retreated from the battlefield.
Battle of Swally (1612)	Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese India	English East India Company	British victory
Mughal expedition of Mewar (1615)	Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Amar Singh I Surrendered Mewar became a vassal of Mughal Empire
Ahom–Mughal conflicts (1615–1682)	Ahom kingdom	Mughal Empire	Ahom victory Extension of Ahom influence to the Manas river
Battle of Toppur (1616–17)	Imperial forces of Vijaynagar Empire Nayaks of Tanjore	Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire Nayaks of Gingee Nayaks of Madurai Pandyas of Tirunelveli Kingdom of Travancore Portuguese	Imperial Vijayanagara forces victory It was the battle which cause the complete disintegration of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was reviving slowly.
Early Mugal-Sikh Wars (1621–1658)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory Sikh assert power Mughal invulnerability shattered
Battle of Rohila (1621)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory 14,000 Mughal soldiers killed Governor of Jalandhar killed
Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23) (1622–1623)	Mughal Empire	Safavid Empire	Safavid victory Safavid annexation of Kandahar
Spanish-Siam War (1624–1636)^[6]^[7]^[8]	Iberian Union Spanish East Indies Council of Portugal Macau Goa Malacca	Siam Dutch East India Company	Siam victory Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia.
Mombasa war (1631–32)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mombasa Sultanate	Portuguese Victory Portuguese retake Fort Jesus
Siege of Hooghly (1632) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts	Mughal Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Mughal Victory
Battle of Amritsar (1634)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory Entire Mughal force killed
Battle of Lahira (1634)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory 35,000 Mughal soldiers killed 100 taken prisoner Governor of Kabul killed
Battle of Kartarpur (1635)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory Guru Hargobind led Sikh army deafeated Mughals Shah Jahan ends attacks on Sikh 50,000-96,000 Mughals killed
Siege of Orchha (1635) (1635)	Bundela Rajputs	Mughal Empire	Mughal Victory Aurangzeb captured Orchha Jhujhar Singh escaped.
Battle of Phagwara (1635)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory Mughals repulsed
Battle of Kiratpur (1638)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Siege of Daman (1638–1639)	Mughal Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese victory
Battle of Pipli^[9] (1640)	Mughal Empire	Denmark-Norway Danish India	Mughal victory
Danish-Mughal War (1642–1698)^[9]	Mughal Empire	Denmark-Norway Danish India	Stalemate Danish initial victory at sea, but it's demmands were never accomplished by Mughals.
Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53) (1649–1653)	Mughal Empire	Safavid Empire	Persian victory Safavid/Persian re-annexation of Kandahar
Battle of Sutlej (1653)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory Mughal repulsed
Invasions of Kiratpur (1658)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory No Sikh soldiers killed 3 Mughal Generals killed
Mughal conquest of Chittagong (1665–1666)	Mughal Empire	Kingdom of Mrauk U	Mughal victory Mughal annexation of southeastern Bengal
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts (1666–1758)	Zamorin United Kingdom English East India Company^[10] Portuguese Empire^[11]^[a] Portuguese India	Dutch Republic Dutch East India Company	Dutch victory
Rajput War (1679–1707) (1679–1707)	Kingdom of Marwar Kingdom of Mewar	Mughal Empire	Rajput victory Aurangzeb was unable to gain any lasting success
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684 (1679–1684)	Ladakh Mughal Empire	Tibet Zungar Empire	Mughal military victory Mughal withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis Tibetan victory in another attack in 1684 with the assistance of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire Treaty of Tingmosgang
Deccan Wars (1681–1707)	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire	Inconclusive
Maratha–Portuguese War (1683–1684)	Maratha Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Stalemate
Siege of Bijapur (1685–1686)	Bijapur Sultanate Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Mughal Empire annexes Bijapur State
Anglo-Mughal War (1686–1690)	Mughal Empire	East India Company	Mughal victory British conclusion of peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689
Siege of Golconda (1687)	Mughal Empire	Golconda Sultanate	Mughal victory Mughal Empire annexes Golconda
Battle of Bhangani (1688)	Sikhs	Alliance of 16 Hill States, including: Kahlur Garhwal Kangra Guler Hindur Siba Jaswan	Sikh victory
Battle of Nadaun (1691)	Bilaspur State Akal Sena (Sikhs)	Mughal Empire Kangra State Bijarwal State	Sikh victory
Mughal–Portuguese War (1692–1693) Part of Mughal-Portuguese conflicts	Mughal Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Portuguese Victory
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714) Siege of Mombasa (1696–1698) Battle of Surat (1704)	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Portuguese Mombasa	Omani Empire	Indecisive Omani forces capture Fort Jesus. End of Portuguese hegemony in Southeast Africa.
Battle of Guler (1696)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1699)	Sikhs	Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)	Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1700)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)	Sikh victory
First siege of Anandpur (1700)	Sikhs	Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas), Ranghars, and Gujars	Sikh victory Sikhs hold off attacking forces 150,000+ of the coalition force killed Sikh suffer minor casualties Sikh leave Anandpur
Second siege of Anandpur (1704)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)	Peace Treaty Mughals and Hill Rajas taken an oath to never attack the Sikh if they abandon Anandpur Mughals and Hill Rajas break oath
Battle of Chamkaur (1704)	Sikhs	Mughal Empire Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas)	Mughal and Hill Raja Victory Fail to capture Guru Gobind Singh Mughal and Hill Rajas suffer heavy casualties
Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 (1708–1710)	Kingdom of Marwar Kingdom of Mewar Kingdom of Amber	Mughal Empire	Rajput victory Mughal emperor sued for peace Restoration of the Rajput holdings which had been annexed by the previous Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
Maratha–Portuguese War (1725–1726)^[12]	Maratha Confederacy	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Inconclusive Peace of Bassein
Maratha–Portuguese War (1729–1732)	Maratha Confederacy	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Supported by: British Empire British East India Company	Portuguese Victory Start of Novas Conquistas
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789) Siege of Alorna Siege of Tiracol	Kingdom of Mysore Maratha Empire Kolhapur State Sawantwadi State	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Supported by: Rajahnate of Soonda Kingdom of Sawantwadi	Portuguese Victory
Nadir Shah's invasion of India (1738–1739)	Mughal Empire	Afsharid dynasty	Persian victory Persian occupation and plundering of Delhi
Travancore–Dutch War (incl. Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) 10 August 1741 (1739–1753)	Travancore	Dutch Empire Dutch East India Company	Travancore victory Dutch colonization halted in Travancore
Battle of Vasai (1739)	Maratha Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Maratha victory Baçaim ceded to the Peshwas
Battle of Karnal (1739–February 13, 1739)	Mughal Empire	Persian Afsharid Empire	Persian victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741) (1741)	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire Nawab of the Carnatic	Maratha victory Maratha annexation of Tiruchirappalli
Expeditions in Bengal (1741–1748)	Maratha Empire	Mughal Empire Nawab of Bengal	Peace treaty Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
First Carnatic War (1744–1748) Part of War of the Austrian Succession	Mughal Empire Nizam of Hyderabad Nawab of Carnatic	Kingdom of France French East India Company Kingdom of Great Britain British East India Company	Status quo ante bellum
Second Carnatic War (1749–1754)	Kingdom of France French East India Company Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mysore Nawab of Arcot (Chanda Sahib) Hyderabad State (Muzaffar Jang Hidayat)	Kingdom of Great Britain British East India Company Maratha Empire Nawab of Arcot (Wallajah) Hyderabad State (Nasir Jung)	Stalemate Treaty of Pondicherry
Naval Battle of Calicut (1752)	Maratha Empire	Portuguese Empire Portuguese India	Maratha victory
Seven Years' War (1754–1763) Third Carnatic War	France Austria Russia (until 1762) Spanish Empire (from 1761) Sweden (1757–62) Saxony Mughal Empire (from 1757)	Prussia Great Britain Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Iroquois Confederacy Portugal (from 1761) Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe	Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1763). French cession of New France (excluding Louisiana) to Britain and recognition of British supremacy in Bengal Spanish cession of Florida to Britain French cession of Louisiana to Spain British cession of Cuba and Manila (Philippine Islands) to Spain Britain restored the Indian factories to France, but forbade French traders from administering them France recognized British clients as the rulers of key Indian native states and pledged not to send troops to Bengal.
Maratha conquest of North-west India (1757–1758)	Maratha Empire	Durrani Empire	Peace treaty Maratha annexation of Punjab, Kashmir and surrounding regions.
Battle of Plassey (1757)	East India Company	Nawab of Bengal French East India Company	Company victory British annexation of Bengal
Afghan-Maratha War (1758–1761)	Maratha Empire Sikh confederacy	Durrani Empire Rohilkhand	Durrani victory
Third Battle of Panipat (1761)	Maratha Empire	Durrani Empire	Durrani victory Sadashiv Bahu led Martha's forces defeated by Ahmad shah abdali
Battle of Buxar (1764)	East India Company	Mughal Empire	Company victory Treaty of Allahabad
First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–1769)	East India Company Maratha Empire Nawab of the Carnatic Hyderabad	Mysore	Mysore victory Treaty of Madras
First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782)	Maratha Empire	East India Company	Maratha victory Treaty of Salbai
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784)	Mysore	East India Company Maratha Empire	Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Mangalore
Maratha-Mysore War (1785–1787)	Maratha Empire	Mysore	Maratha victory Treaty of Gajendragad
Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789–1792)	East India Company Maratha Empire Hyderabad Travancore	Mysore Diplomatic support: France^[13]	Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory Treaty of Seringapatam
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799)	East India Company Maratha Empire Hyderabad Travancore	Mysore Diplomatic support: France^[13]	Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805)	Maratha Empire	East India Company	British victory Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon
Battle of Vizagapatam (1804)	East India Company United Kingdom	France	French victory
Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816)	East India Company Garhwal Kingdom Patiala State Kingdom of Sikkim	Nepal	Company victory Treaty of Sugauli Cession of Nepalese territory to the British Empire
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus (1815)	East India Company	United States	American victory Capture of Nautilus by American forces
Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818)	Maratha Empire	East India Company	British victory Formal dissolution of the Maratha Empire
First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826)	East India Company	Burmese Empire	Company victory Treaty of Yandabo Beginning of British rule in Burma
Siege of Herat (1837–1838) Part of Great Game	Emirate of Herat East India Company Supported by: British Empire Aimaq tribesmen Maimana Khanate Andkhui Khanate Sheberghan Khanate Sar-i Pul Khanate Bukhara Emirate Khiva Khanate^[14]	Qajar Iran Supported by: Russian Empire Principality of Qandahar	Company victory Temporary British occupation of Kharg Island. Persian withdrawal from Herat.
First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842)	East India Company	Emirate of Afghanistan	Afghan victory British withdrawal from Afghanistan
First Opium War (1839–1842)	Great Britain East India Company	Qing dynasty	Company victory Treaty of Nanking
First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846)	Sikh Empire	East India Company Patiala	Company victory
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849)	Sikh Empire	East India Company	Company victory Dissolution of the Sikh Empire
Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852)	East India Company	Burmese Empire	Company victory Succession of Pagan Min by Mindon Min in Burma
Anglo-Persian War (1856–1857)	United Kingdom East India Company Afghanistan	Iran	Company victory Treaty of Paris (1857) Persian withdrawal from Herat
Indian Rebellion of 1857 (1857–1858)	Mughal Empire Oudh Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains	East India Company United Kingdom Nepal Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains	Company victory Suppression of the rebellions End of the Mughal Empire and Company rule in India Establishment of Crown rule in India (British Raj)

Modern India (c. 1850s to 1947 CE)

Wars involving British Indian Empire

Main article: British Raj

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the princely states.

Name of conflict	India and allies	Opponents	Outcome
Second Opium War (1856–1860)	British Empire United Kingdom India French Empire	China	Victory Treaties of Tientsin.
Ambela Campaign (1863–1864)	India	Afghan Pashtuns Yusufzai tribes	Victory Bunerwals surrender. Malka burned.
Bhutan War (1864–1865)	India	Bhutan	Victory Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
British Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868)	United Kingdom India	Ethiopian Empire	Victory British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880)	United Kingdom India	Afghanistan	Victory Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained. Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India. Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
Mahdist War (1881–1899)	Congo Free State United Kingdom India Egypt Ethiopia	Mahdist Sudan	Victory Sudan became an Anglo-Egyptian condominium.
Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)	United Kingdom India Tewfik Pasha	Ahmed Orabi	Victory Ahmed Orabi exiled, British occupation of Egypt.
Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885)	India	Burmese Empire	Victory The province of Burma became part of India.
Third Black Mountain Expedition (1888)	India	Hassanzai and Akazai tribes.	Victory Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
Sikkim Expedition (1888)	India	Tibet	Victory Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
Hunza-Nagar Campaign (1891)	India	Hunza Nagar	Victory The British gained control of Hunza and Nagar.
Chitral Expedition (1895)	India	Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen	Victory Fort of Chitral relieved.
Anglo-Zanzibar War (1896)	Britain India	Zanzibar Sultanate	Victory End of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. Zanzibar ceded to the British Empire.
Tochi Expedition (1896)	India	Waziris	Victory Rebellion put down.
Siege of Malakand (1897)	India	پشتون Pashtun tribes	Victory Siege successful.
First Mohmand Campaign (1897–1898)	India	Mohmands	Victory Punitive expedition successful.
Tirah Campaign (1897–1898)	India	Afridis Orakzais Chamkanis	Victory Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)	Empire of Japan Russia United Kingdom India France United States Germany Austria-Hungary Italy	Yihetuan Movement China	Victory The rebellion was suppressed. Signing of the Boxer Protocol. Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
Second Boer War (1899–1902)	United Kingdom British Cape Colony Natal Colony Rhodesia Australia India Canada New Zealand Ceylon	Orange Free State South African Republic	Victory Treaty of Vereeniging, British sovereignty over The Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904)	India	Tibet	Victory Treaty enforced, return to status quo.
Bambatha Rebellion (1906)	United Kingdom India	Zulu people	Victory Rebellion suppressed
Bazar Valley Campaign (1908)	India	Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi	Victory Rebellion suppressed
World War I (1914–1918)	France United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Russia Italy United States Serbia Montenegro Belgium Japan Romania Portugal Hejaz China Greece Brazil Kingdom of Nepal	Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War (1918–1920)	White Movement British Empire United Kingdom Canada Australia India South Africa Japan Czechoslovakia Greece Poland United States France Romania Serbia Italy China	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian communists	Withdrawal Allied withdrawal from Russia. Bolshevik victory over White Army.
Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923)	Greece Pontic Rebels France French Armenian Legion French West Africa Armenia United Kingdom India Istanbul Government Kuva-yi Inzibatiye Italy Georgia	Ankara Government Kuva-yi Nizamiye Kuva-yi Milliye	Defeat^[15] Armistice of Mudanya. Overthrow of the Ottoman sultanate. Treaty of Lausanne. Withdrawal of Allied forces from occupied lands of Turkey. Establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)	United Kingdom India	Afghanistan	Armistice Treaty of Rawalpindi Afghan invasion repelled. Afghanistan regains control of external affairs. Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
First Waziristan Campaign (1919)	India	Waziristan	Victory Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
Kuwait–Najd War (1919–1920)	United Kingdom India Kuwait	Sultanate of Nejd Ikhwan	Victory Ikhawan retreat.
Iraqi revolt (1920)	United Kingdom India	Iraqi rebels	Victory Faisal I of Iraq installed as the King of Iraq.
Malabar rebellion (1921)	India	Mappila Muslims	Victory Rebellion suppressed.
Pink's War (1925)	India	Mahsud tribesmen	Victory Tribal leaders accept terms.
Second Mohmand Campaign (1935)	India	Mohmands	Victory Jirga and peace.
Second Waziristan Campaign (1936–1939)	India	Waziri tribesmen	Victory Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
World War II (1939–1945)	Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Free France Poland Yugoslavia Greece Republican Spain Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Denmark Norway Czechoslovakia FTM Canada Australia New Zealand India Ceylon British Burma Egypt Sudan Nigeria South Africa Philippines Ethiopia Brazil Mexico Colombia Cuba Chile Peru Mongolia Tuva Viet Minh KLA Kingdom of Nepal	Germany Japan Italy Vichy France Romania Hungary Bulgaria Slovakia Bohemia and Moravia Croatia Finland Francoist Spain Kingdom of Albania German Albania Thailand Iraq Azad Hind Japanese Burma Manchukuo Mengjiang	Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War
Western Desert Campaign (1940–1943)	United Kingdom India Sudan Southern Rhodesia Palestine Australia New Zealand Egypt South Africa Free France Poland Greece Czechoslovakia	Italy Libya Supported by: Germany	Victory Allied Victory
East African Campaign (1940–1943)	United Kingdom Australia Gold Coast India Kenya Nigeria Nyasaland Northern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia Uganda Somaliland South Africa Sudan Belgium Belgian Congo Ethiopia Free France French Equatorial Africa	Italy Italian East Africa Supported by: Germany	Victory Collapse of Italian East Africa
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran (1941)	Soviet Union United Kingdom India	Iran	Victory Abdication of Rezā Shāh, Allied occupation of Iran.
Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1947)	Netherlands United Kingdom India	Indonesia	Withdrawal Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947. The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
Operation Masterdom (1945–1946)	United Kingdom India France Japan	Viet Minh	Victory Start of the First Indochina War, lasting until the Geneva Conference of 1954.

Post-Colonial India (c. 1947–present)

Wars involving the Union and Republic of India

In 1947, the British Indian Empire split into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India. The Indian Army, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Indian Navy too, were divided between the two countries. In 1950, the Union of India became the Republic of India after abolishing monarchy.

Indian defeat

Indian victory

Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

Ongoing conflict

Name of conflict	India and allies	Opponents	Outcome
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 (1947–1948)	India Jammu and Kashmir	Pakistan Furqan Force	Ceasefire Partitioning of Jammu and Kashmir between India and Pakistan as Jammu and Kashmir and Azad Kashmir.
Integration of Junagadh (1947)	India	Junagadh	Victory Annexation of Junagadh into India
Operation Polo (1948)	India	Hyderabad	Victory Annexation of Hyderabad into India
Korean War (1950–1953)	South Korea United Nations United States United Kingdom Canada Turkey Australia Philippines New Zealand Thailand Ethiopia Greece France Colombia Belgium South Africa Netherlands Luxembourg Supported by: Denmark Italy West Germany India Israel Norway Sweden Taiwan Japan Pakistan Cuba El Salvador Spain	North Korea China Soviet Union Supported by: Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Mongolia	Stalemate Formation of the DMZ
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954)	India	Portugal	Victory Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli into India
Congo Crisis (1960–1964)	1960–63: Republic of the Congo Supported by: Soviet Union (1960) ONUC^[b] India	1960–63: Katanga South Kasai Supported by: Belgium^[c] 1960–62: Stanleyville government Supported by: Soviet Union	Victory Debellation of the State of Katanga
Annexation of Goa (1961)	India	Portugal	Victory Annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu into India
Sino-Indian War of 1962 (1962)	India	China	Defeat ^[16]
Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–)	India Bhutan (joined in 2003) Bangladesh (joined in 1971) Myanmar (joined in 2018)	ATTF BLTF HuM KLNLF KLO NDFB NSCN PLA ULFA UNLF and others...	Ongoing Ongoing low-level insurgency Re-annexation of those areas of Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya held by militants. Bhutanese victory in Operation All Clear Introduction of AFSPA in seven north-eastern states, later repealed in Tripura^[17] and Meghalaya.^[18]
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (1965)	India	Pakistan	Inconclusive United Nations mandated ceasefire Both sides claim victory No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency (1967–)	India	Full List Communist Party of India (Maoist) People's Liberation Guerrilla Army Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari (until 2014) Communist Party of United States of India Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee) People's Liberation Army of Manipur Purbo Banglar Communist Party Centre of Indian Communists Tamil Nadu Liberation Army Supported by: Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) New People's Army^[19]	Ongoing Indian victory in Operation Steeplechase Quelling of the insurgency on a large scale via Operation Green Hunt
Nathu La and Cho La clashes (1967)	India	China	Victory Chinese withdrawal from the Kingdom of Sikkim
Bangladesh Liberation War (incl. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971) (1971)	India Bangladesh Supported by: Soviet Union^[20]^[21]	Pakistan Supported by: United States^[22]^[23] United Kingdom^[24] China^[24] Iran^[25]^[26] Ceylon^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30] Saudi Arabia^[31]	Victory Pakistani surrender in East Pakistan Independence of Bangladesh
The First JVP insurrection (1971)	Ceylon United Front (since May 15) SLFP CCP (Pro-Soviet) LSSP Australia Egypt India Pakistan Singapore Soviet Union United Kingdom United States Yugoslavia China	JVP Supported by: North Korea (alleged) ASBPI CCP (Maoist) (alleged)	Victory Rebel forces surrender Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Siachen conflict (1984–2003)	India	Pakistan	Victory Annexation of the Siachen Glacier into India following Operation Meghdoot India captures Quaid Post / Bana Top during Operation Rajiv Ceasefire since 2003
Operation Blue Star (1984)	India Supported by: United Kingdom Soviet Union	Sikh militants	Victory Indian forces suffer high casualties
Insurgency in Punjab (1984–1995)	India Supported by: United Kingdom Soviet Union	Sikh militants Supported by: Pakistan	Victory Militancy defeated
Operation Flowers are Blooming (1986)	India Seychelles	Military of Seychelles	Victory Aversion of the coup Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection (1987–1989)	Sri Lanka India United States United Kingdom Military support: Japan South Korea France Israel South Africa Pakistan Egypt	JVP Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya IUSF Supported by: Soviet Union North Korea Cuba ASBPI PLOTE (until 1988) SLFP	Victory Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War (1987–1990)	India Sri Lanka	Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam	Withdrawal Withdrawal of Indian peace-keeping forces from Sri Lanka Continuation of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Operation Cactus (1988)	India Maldives	PLOTE Maldivian rebels	Victory Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir (1989–)	India	Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Al-Badr Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front Supported by: Pakistan^[32] Taliban^[33] al-Qaeda^[33]	Ongoing Ongoing low-level Insurgency Enforcement of AFSPA in Jammu and Kashmir
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)	UNMOT Austria Bangladesh Bulgaria Czechia Denmark Ghana Hungary Indonesia Jordan Kingdom of Nepal Nigeria Poland Switzerland Ukraine Uruguay Non-UNMOT: China India Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan	United Tajik Opposition Taliban	Victory United Nations - armistice
United Nations Operation in Somalia II (1993–1995) (Part of the Somali Civil War) (1991–)	UNOSOM II Algeria Australia Austria Bangladesh Belgium Botswana Canada Denmark Egypt Fiji Finland France Germany Greece India Indonesia Ireland Italy Kuwait Jordan Malaysia Morocco Kingdom of Nepal New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Philippines Romania Saudi Arabia South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Tunisia Turkey UAE United Kingdom United States Zimbabwe	Somali National Alliance	Inconclusive/Other Result Civil war is ongoing
Kargil War (1999)	India	Pakistan	Victory India regains possession of Kargil No territorial changes^[34]
Operation Ocean Shield (2009–2016)	NATO United States United Kingdom Denmark Netherlands Spain Greece Germany Belgium Canada Italy Portugal Turkey Norway Non-NATO: Australia China India Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand^[35] Oman Pakistan Russia Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Somalia South Korea Ukraine	Pirates	Victory Number of Somali pirate attacks have been reduced dramatically.

Notes

References

^ Strabo, Geography, xv.2.9
^ Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, pp. 33–34, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0
^ Smith, Vincent Arthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press, pp. 104–106
^ Barros (p. 140)
^ Loureiro, Rui Manuel. Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b Wellen, Kathryn (2015). "The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642–1698" (PDF). Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (5): 448. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342470 – via Brill. Appalled, Pessart sent a formal declaration of war in 1642 and sent two of Tranquebar's best ships north to attack Bengal, where they captured a ship they renamed Den Bengalske Prise.
^ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). The Territories and States of India (e-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 9781135356255.
^ Poonen, T. I. (1978). Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663-1795. Department of Publications, University of Kerala. p. 70.
^ Lobato, 1965, p.100.
^ ^a ^b Franco-Indian Alliances
^ L.Lee, Johnathan (1996). The 'Ancient Supremacy': Bukhara, Afghanistan & the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901. Brill Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-10399-3. ISSN 0929-2403.
^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
^ Raghavan, Srinath (2010). War and Peace in Modern India. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021. On 21 November Beijing announced a unilateral ceasefire to be followed by the withdrawal of Chinese troops to the north of the McMahon Line. But China would retain control up to its 1960 claimline in Ladakh—a situation that persists till today.
^ http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922^{[bare URL]}
^ "AFSPA removed from Meghalaya, eight police stations in Arunachal Pradesh". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018.
^ Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
^ "Cold war games". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
^ "Birth of a nation". The Indian Express. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
^ VSM, Brig Amar Cheema (31 March 2015). The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9788170623014. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
^ Rajagopalan, Rajesh; Mishra, Atul (2015). Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32475-1.
^ ^a ^b "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
^ Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
^ Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
^ "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
^ "The Island".
^ "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
^ "Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war". Hindustan Times. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
^ Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
^ Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
^ ^a ^b Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
^ "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

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