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((DISPLAYTITLE:List of works influenced by ''One Thousand and One Nights''))
((more citations needed|date=October 2017))
((Short description|List of literature, drama, music, etc. influenced by The Nights.))
((Use British English|date=November 2023))

The Middle Eastern story collection '''''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]''''' has had a profound impact on culture around the world.

==Literature==
The influence of the versions of ''The Nights'' on world literature is immense. Writers as diverse as [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Naguib Mahfouz]] have alluded to the work by name in their own literature. Other writers who have been influenced by ''The Nights'' include [[John Barth]], [[Jorge Luis Borges]], [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Walter Scott]], [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]], [[William Makepeace Thackeray|Thackeray]], [[Wilkie Collins]], [[Elizabeth Gaskell]], [[Charles Nodier|Nodier]], [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], [[Marcel Schwob]], [[Stendhal]], [[Alexandre Dumas|Dumas]], [[Gérard de Nerval]], [[Arthur de Gobineau|Gobineau]], [[Alexander Pushkin|Pushkin]], [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]], [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal|Hofmannsthal]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Conan Doyle]], [[William Butler Yeats|W. B. Yeats]], [[H. G. Wells]], [[Constantine P. Cavafy|Cavafy]], [[Italo Calvino|Calvino]], [[Georges Perec]], [[H. P. Lovecraft]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[A. S. Byatt]], [[Rudyard Kipling]] and [[Angela Carter]].<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights: A Companion|first=Robert|last=Irwin|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris|Tauris Parke Palang-faacks]]|year=2003|isbn=1-86064-983-1|page=290))</ref>

This work has been influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by [[Antoine Galland]].<ref>[[L. Sprague de Camp]], ''[[Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers]]: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy'', p. 10 ((ISBN|0-87054-076-9)).</ref> Many imitations were written, especially in France.<ref name="arabianNights2">John Grant and John Clute, ''The Encyclopedia of Fantasy'', "Arabian fantasy", p 52 ((ISBN|0-312-19869-8)).</ref> Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture, such as [[Aladdin]], [[Sinbad]] and [[Ali Baba]]. Part of its popularity may have sprung from the increasing historical and geographical knowledge, so that places of which little was known and so marvels were plausible had to be set further "long ago" or farther "far away"; this is a process that continues, and finally culminate in the [[fantasy world]] having little connection, if any, to actual times and places. Several elements from [[Arabian mythology]] and [[Persian mythology]] are now common in modern [[fantasy]], such as [[genie]]s, [[magic carpet]]s, magic lamps, etc.<ref name="arabianNights2"/> When [[L. Frank Baum]] proposed writing a modern fairy tale that banished stereotypical elements, he included the genie as well as the dwarf and the fairy as stereotypes to go.<ref>James Thurber, "The Wizard of Chitenango", p 64 ''Fantasists on Fantasy'' edited by Robert H. Boyer and Kenneth J. Zahorski, ((ISBN|0-380-86553-X)).</ref>

===18th century===
* ''[[Candide|Candide, ou l'optimisme]]'' (Candide, or Optimism; 1758) by [[Voltaire]], contains a number of references to the story of Sindbâd the Seaman, notably the underground river in Eldorado, where in Candide the heroes are picked up by a machine. In his introduction to Zadig, Voltaire wrote (NB the sultan referred to is [[Ulugh Beg]] in English transcription):

<blockquote>The story was first written in Chaldean, which neither you nor I understand. Later it was translated into Arabic to amuse the famous Sultan Ouloug Beg, at the same time that the Arabs and Persians were beginning to write the Thousand-and-one-Nights, [[Les Mille et un jours|the Thousand-and-one-Days]] etc.
Ouloug Beg preferred Zadig, but the Sultanas liked the Thousand-and-One more. 'How is it possible,' said the wise Ouloug, 'that you prefer tales which have neither sense nor reason?' 'That is just why we like them so much,' replied the Sultanas.</blockquote>

Further references to the Arabian Nights are expressed in parallels with the stories of Khudâdâd and His Brothers, 'Alâ' al-Dîn, and the History of the Princess of Daryâbâr. Whereas the Arabian Nights focuses on the narrative themes of providence and destiny, Voltaire substituted the interference of divine power with human intervention.
*''Nourjahad'' (1767), moral tale by [[Frances Sheridan]].<ref>Irwin p.244</ref>
*''[[Vathek]]'' (1786) by [[William Thomas Beckford|William Beckford]]. Oriental fantasy which strongly influenced the [[Gothic novel]].<ref>Irwin p.245-252</ref><ref>((citation |title=European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange, 1760–1960 |first=Avril |last=Horner |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=2002|isbn=0-7190-6064-8 |pages=13 & 183–203))</ref>
*''One Thousand and One Nights'' influenced ''[[The Manuscript Found in Saragossa]]'', by [[Jan Potocki]]. A [[Poland|Polish]] noble of the late 18th century, he travelled the [[Orient]] looking for an original edition of ''The Nights'', but never found it. Upon returning to Europe, he wrote his masterpiece, a multi-levelled frame tale.

===19th century===
* ''The Nights'' has also inspired poetry in English, e.g. [[Alfred Tennyson]]'s poem, "Recollections of the Arabian Nights" (1830). [[William Wordsworth]] refers to his childhood reading of the stories in ''[[The Prelude]]'' (1805).
* ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo]] by [[Alexandre Dumas]] includes a scene where Edmund Dantes Adopts the pseudonym [[Sinbad the Sailor|Sinbad the Sailor]] (1844).''
* [[Edgar Allan Poe]] wrote a "Thousand and Second Night" as a [[The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade|separate tale]], called "[[s:The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade|The Thousand and Second Tale of Scheherazade]]" (1845).
* ''[[New Arabian Nights]]'' (1882) is a collection of stories by [[Robert Louis Stevenson]].

===20th century===
* The book is referenced in numerous works by [[Jorge Luis Borges]].
* The horse in, and protagonist of, [[Robert Lawson (author)|Robert Lawson]]'s 1953 children's historical novel, ''Mr. Revere and I: Being an Account of certain Episodes in the Career of [[Paul Revere]], Esq. as Revealed by his Horse'', is named Scheherazade (nicknamed "Sherry").
* [[John Barth]] has alluded to ''The Nights'' or referenced it explicitly in many of his works, such as ''The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor.'' [[Scheherazade]] appears as a character in ''[[Tidewater Tales|The Tidewater Tales]].'' In addition, the "Dunyazadiad", one of a set of three novellas that make up Barth's fictional work [[Chimera (John Barth novel)|Chimera]], is a re-telling of the Scheherazade framing story in which the author appears to Scheherazade from the future and recounts stories from the 1001 Nights to her in order to provide her with material with which to forestall her execution.
* A [[heroic fantasy]] novel written by [[L. Ron Hubbard]], ''[[Slaves of Sleep]]'' (serial: 1939, book: 1948), presents a story in which a man travels to a [[Parallel universe (fiction)|parallel universe]] ruled by Arabian Nights [[Ifrit]]s.<ref name="crawford">((cite book | last=Crawford, Jr. | first=Joseph H. |author2=James J. Donahue |author3=Donald M. Grant |author3-link=Donald M. Grant | title="333", A Bibliography of the Science-Fantasy Novel | location=Providence, RI| publisher=The Grandon Company | page=35 | year=1953|oclc= 3924496))</ref> A sequel, ''The Masters of Sleep'' (1950), was also published.
* [[The Sandman: Fables and Reflections#"Ramadan"|Ramadan]], an issue of [[Neil Gaiman]]'s acclaimed comic book series [[The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman]], draws on several of the stories of the Thousand and One Nights. In this tale, the [[Caliph]] [[Harun al-Rashid]] (who is a protagonist in many of the Nights) sells the "golden age of [[Baghdad]]" to the [[Dream (comics)|Prince of Stories]], in order that it never be forgotten. It is implied that the Thousand and One Nights is part of the result of that bargain.
* [[Bill Willingham]], creator of the comic book series ''[[Fables (comics)|Fables]]'', used the story of ''The Nights'' as the basis of a prequel, ''[[1001 Nights of Snowfall]]''. In the book, [[Snow White]] tells the tales of the Fables, magical literary characters, to the sultan in order to avoid her impending death.
* Two notable novels loosely based on ''The Nights'' are ''[[Arabian Nights and Days]]'' by [[Naguib Mahfouz]] and ''When Dreams Travel'' by [[Githa Hariharan]]. The children's novel ''The Storyteller's Daughter'' by [[Cameron Dokey]] is also loosely derived from ''The Nights''.
*[[Larry Niven]], a Science Fiction & Fantasy author, wrote ''The Tale of the Jenni and the Sisters''. It supposedly told another tale by Scheherazade, and appeared in his short story collection [[N-Space (short story collection)]] (1990).
* [[Craig Shaw Gardner]] wrote a trilogy: ''The Other Sinbad (1990), A Bad Day for Ali Baba (1991)'' and ''Scheherazade's Night Out'' in 1992.
* [[A.S. Byatt]]: ''[[The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye]]'' (short story, 1994)
* In [[Stephen King]]'s ''[[Misery (novel)|Misery]]'', the protagonist is forced to write a novel under threat of death or dismemberment at the hands of a crazed fan. On several occasions throughout the story, he compares his situation to Scheherazade's.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/could-you-help-me-write-an-analysis-stephen-kings-476431|title=Could you help me to write an analysis of Stephen King's Misery? ((!)) eNotes|website=eNotes|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29))</ref> Also, the novel describes the main antagonist ([[Annie Wilkes]]) as Scheherazade.
* In [[Salman Rushdie]]'s ''[[Midnight's Children]]'', the narrator repeatedly compares his own tales of his life to Scheherazade's, and mentions that he can't "count on having even a thousand nights and a night" (page 4) in which to tell them. Rushdie also makes references to the tales in ''[[Haroun and the Sea of Stories]]'', including the names of the main characters.
* In [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''[[Mason & Dixon]]'', narrator Rev. Wicks Cherrycoke must tell his extended family an entertaining story in order to remain a guest at their home, a predicament similar to Scheherazade's.
* In [[L.Frank Baum|L. Frank Baum]]'s ''[[John Dough and the Cherub]]'' (1906), the two heroes, Chick the Cherub, a child of unknown gender and John Dough, a man made out of gingerbread, flying from Ali Dubh, reach many fabulous lands. In the chapter titled "The Palace of Romance", Chick has to weave an unending story about a Silver Pig with marvellous powers. Should he ever run out of story to tell, he and John Dough would be cast into the ocean to drown, this being the custom of the people in dealing with visitors who cannot entertain them.
*''Kannitheevu'' (''Virgin Island'') is a long-running Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Newspaper comic strip|newspaper comic-strip]] in ''[[Dina Thanthi]]''. It debuted in 1960 with stories from the ''Arabian Nights'', the initial one focusing on Sindbad, when he rescues young women captured by an evil magician on the "Virgin Island".<ref name="thehindu.com">[https://tamil.thehindu.com/general/literature/சித்திரக்-கதை-பேசும்-பொன்னியின்-செல்வன்/article9142320.ece/ சித்திரக் கதை பேசும் பொன்னியின் செல்வன்]. [[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu]].</ref>
*''Arabya Rajani’r Golpo'', an [[Indian comics]] series adaptation by Amar Majumdar of the ''Arabian Nights'' was published in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language children's magazine ''Kishore Bharati'', by [[Dinesh Chandra Chattopadhyay]].<ref>((cite web |title=Amar Majumdar, Arabya Rajani'r Golpo, Sharadiya Kishore Bharati, 1410 |url=https://comicbookindia.wordpress.com/amar-majumdar-arabya-rajanir-golpo-sharadiya-kishore-bharati-1410/ |website=The Comic Book in India |publisher=[[Jadavpur University]] |language=en |date=15 May 2014))</ref>
*Various stories from the collection ran as monthly comics in the Indian children's magazine ''[[Chandamama]]''.<ref>((cite web |last1=Ganesh |first1=R. |title=I'm a Child of Chandamama |url=https://www.prekshaa.in/i%E2%80%99m-child-chandamama |website=Prekshaa |date=5 July 2018))</ref>

===21st century===
* [[DC Comics]]' 2001 [[Elseworlds]] graphic novel [[Green Lantern: 1001 Emerald Nights|''Green Lantern: 1001 Emerald Nights'']] is based on the ''Nights.''
* [[Richard Siken]]’s 2004 poetry book ''Crush'' begins with a poem titled "Scheherazade".
* [[Ted Chiang]]'s 2007 novelette ''[[The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate]]'' is a science-fiction pastiche of the ''Nights'' that uses its premise to drive a similar nesting structure of stories.
* [[David Foster (novelist)|David Foster]]'s 2009 novel ''Sons of the Rumour'' is a pastiche of the ''Nights''.<ref>((citation|last=Ley|first=James|title=A town called Merv|journal=Australian Book Review|date=November 2009|pages=15–16|url=http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/November_2009/ABR_Nov_09_Ley_review.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309102503/http://www.australianbookreview.com.au/files/Features/November_2009/ABR_Nov_09_Ley_review.pdf|archivedate=2011-03-09))</ref>
* [[Philip Kerr|P. B. Kerr]]'s "Children of the Lamp" series draws many elements from the ''Nights.''
* [[Benjamin Buchholz (novelist)|Benjamin Buchholz]]'s 2011 novel ''One Hundred and One Nights'' uses the frame of Scheherazade's storytelling technique to narrate a tale about the village of Safwan, Iraq during the most recent American war.<ref>((citation|last=Hamilton|first=Masha|title=Benjamin Buchholz's 'One Hundred and One Nights': War as intimate and subtle|journal=The Washington Post|date=January 2012|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/benjamin-buchholzs-one-hundred-and-one-nights-war-as-intimate-and-subtle/2011/12/05/gIQAmxoffP_story.html))</ref>
* ''[[The Oath of the Vayuputras]]'' is a 2013 novel by [[Amish Tripathi]] that has a Parihan character named [[Scheherazade]].
* ''[[Code Name Verity]]'' is a 2012 novel by [[Elizabeth Wein]] whose main character is occasionally called [[Scheherazade]]. She is a Scottish spy who was captured by the SS in Occupied France, and is writing down her story and war time secrets to spare herself torture.
*''[[Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights]]'', a 2015 novel by [[Salman Rushdie]].
*''[[Shadow Spinner]]'' is a retelling of the story by [[Susan Fletcher (American author)|Susan Fletcher]] illustrated by [[Dave Kramer]], where a young girl, Marjan, rescues the fabled Shahrazad from the Sultan's wrath.
*''[[The Wrath & the Dawn]] ''and ''[[The Rose & the Dagger]]'', reimaginings of the story by [[Renee Ahdieh]].
*''[[Ghost Quartet]]'', a song cycle by composer [[Dave Malloy]], incorporates elements of Scheherazade's narration and her relationship to the Sultan.
* In Nikita Gill's 2018 poetry collection "Fierce Fairytales: & Other Stories to Stir Your Soul" she has a poem entitled "Scheherazade the Clever."<ref>2018. "Fierce Fairytales: & Other Stories to Stir Your Soul by Nikita Gill. Hachette Books. ((ISBN|9780316420730)).</ref>
* [[Robert Shearman]]'s short story collection ''We All Hear Stories in the Dark'' is heavily inspired by the Nights&nbsp;– openly so&nbsp;– and has been described as a [[postmodernism|postmodern]] take on them.

===Japanese literature===
The ''Nights'' also had an influence on modern [[Japanese literature]]. [[George Fyler Townsend]]'s revised edition of the ''Arabian Nights'' was the first "European" literary work to be translated into the [[Japanese language]] during the [[Meiji era]], by Nagamine Hideki in 1875. The Japanese translation was entitled ''Arabiya Monogatari'' ("Arabian Stories" or literally "Stormy Night Stories"), as part of the [[monogatari]] genre.<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|pages=116–7))</ref> Though the book was intriguing to [[Japanese people|Japanese]] readers, who at that time had very little knowledge of [[Arabic culture]] or the Middle East in general, the ''Nights'' did not gain popularity in Japan until a more [[Japanification|Japanified]] translation, entitled ''Zensekai Ichidai Kisho'' (''The Most Curious Book in the Whole World''), was produced by Inoue Tsutomu in 1888.<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|pages=119–25))</ref> His translation exerted a great influence on the literature of the Meiji, [[Taishō period|Taishō]] and [[Shōwa period|Shōwa]] periods, with [[List of Japanese writers|writers and poets]] such as [[Hinatsu Kōnosuke]], [[Hakushū Kitahara]] and [[Mokutaro Kinoshita]] citing the work as an influence on their own works.<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|pages=125–6))</ref> In the early 20th century, other translations from the Lane and Burton editions were also published,<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|pages=126–9))</ref> including ones from the Lane edition by Kōnosuke and [[Morita Sōhei]],<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|page=135))</ref> as well a translation of the [[Andrew Lang]] edition by Daisui Sugitani,<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|page=132))</ref> and translations of individual tales by Iwaya Sazanami.<ref>((citation|title=The Arabian Nights and Orientalism: Perspectives from East & West|last=Yuriko Yamanaka|first=Tetsuo Nishio|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2006|isbn=1-85043-768-8|page=131))</ref> In ''[[Norwegian Wood (novel)|Norwegian Wood]]'', written by Haruki Murakami in 1987, Toru refers to Reiko as a regular Scheherazade when she leaves a story about her past unfinished. Moreover, Murakami wrote a short story entitled "Scheherazade", published in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' in October 2014<ref>((cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/13/scheherazade-3|title=Scheherazade|last=Murakami|first=Haruki|date=October 15, 2014|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|accessdate=September 7, 2016))</ref> and previously compiled in his short story collection ''[[Men Without Women (Haruki Murakami short story collection)|Men Without Women]]'', published in April 2014.

''[[Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic]]'' is a Japanese fantasy [[manga]] written by [[Shinobu Ohtaka]] which borrows several elements from the ''Nights''. Each of the three protagonists, Aladdin, Alibaba and Morgiana have several traits in common with their counterparts from the original, with the same occurring with other characters like Sinbad, Cassim and Scheherazade. First released in 2009, it was adapted into an [[anime]] series in 2012.

==Drama==

There have been many adaptations of ''The Nights'' for television, cinema and radio.

The atmosphere of ''The Nights'' influenced such films as [[Fritz Lang]]'s 1921 ''[[Der müde Tod]]'', the 1924 [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] film ''[[The Thief of Bagdad (1924 film)|The Thief of Baghdad]]'' starring [[Douglas Fairbanks]], and its 1940 British [[The Thief of Bagdad (1940 film)|remake]]. Several stories served as source material for ''[[The Adventures of Prince Achmed]]'' (1926), the oldest surviving feature-length animated film.

In the late 1930s, [[Fleischer Studios]] produced three two-reel animated ''[[Popeye]]'' cartoons in colour for [[Paramount Pictures]]. All three cartoons, known also as the ''Popeye Color Specials'' (or ''Features''), were adapted from ''The Nights'': ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor]]'', ''[[Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves]]'', and ''[[Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp]]''.

One of Hollywood's first feature films to be based on ''The Nights'' was in 1942, with the movie called ''[[Arabian Nights (1942 film)|Arabian Nights]]''. It starred [[Maria Montez]] as Scheherazade, [[Sabu Dastagir]] as Ali Ben Ali and [[Jon Hall (actor)|Jon Hall]] as Harun al-Rashid. The storyline bears virtually no resemblance to the traditional version of the book. In the film, Scheherazade is a dancer who attempts to overthrow Caliph Harun al-Rashid and marry his brother. After Scheherazade's initial coup attempt fails and she is sold into slavery, many adventures then ensue. Maria Montez and Jon Hall also starred in the 1944 film ''[[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944 film)|Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves]]''.

Columbia Pictures released ''[[A Thousand and One Nights (1945 film)|A Thousand and One Nights]]'', starring [[Cornel Wilde]] as Aladdin, in 1945.

In the 1952 [[Universal Pictures]] movie ''[[The Golden Blade]]'', [[Harun al-Rashid]] ([[Rock Hudson]]) uses a magical sword that makes him invincible to free Baghdad from the evil vizier Jafar and his son Hadi and win the love of the beautiful princess Khairuzan ([[Piper Laurie]]).

The 1955 [[RKO Pictures]] film ''[[Son of Sinbad]]'' combines the Sinbad character with Ali Baba's Forty Thieves (who in this film are all female).

The 1958 movie ''[[The 7th Voyage of Sinbad]]'' was a Sinbad film produced by the [[stop-motion]] animation pioneer [[Ray Harryhausen]]. Harryhausen also provided the stop-motion effects for ''[[The Golden Voyage of Sinbad]]'' (1974) and ''[[Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger]]'' (1977).

In 1959, [[Columbia Pictures]] released a [[UPA (animation studio)|UPA]]-produced animated feature starring [[Mr. Magoo]], entitled ''[[1001 Arabian Nights (1959 film)|1001 Arabian Nights]]''.

[[Osamu Tezuka]] worked on two (very loose) feature film adaptations, the children's film ''Sinbad no Bōken'' in 1962 and ''[[One Thousand and One Arabian Nights (film)|Senya Ichiya Monogatari]]'' in 1969, an [[adult animation|adult-oriented]] animated feature film.

[[Hanna-Barbera]] had created [[Shazzan]], a powerful genie that comes from a ring in 1967 and the next year premiered a segment on [[The Banana Splits Show]] called [[Arabian Knights]], a team of heroes saving their lands from an evil emperor.

In 1982, an X-rated adaptation entitled “A Thousand And One Erotic Nights” was produced, starring [[Annette Haven]] as “Scheherezade”.

The most commercially successful movie based on ''The Nights'' was ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'', the [[1992 in film|1992]] [[Animation|animated]] movie by the [[Walt Disney Company]], which starred the voices of [[Scott Weinger]] and [[Robin Williams]]. The film led to [[The Return of Jafar|several]] [[Aladdin and the King of Thieves|sequels]] and a [[Aladdin (animated TV series)|television series]] of the same name. Scheherazade and her "thousand tales" are referred to in the song "[[Friend Like Me]]".

A French animated television series, ''[[Princesse Shéhérazade]]'', was originally broadcast from 1996 until 1999.

"The Voyages of Sinbad" has been adapted for television and film several times, most recently in the 2003 animated feature ''[[Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas]]'', featuring the voices of [[Brad Pitt]] and [[Catherine Zeta-Jones]].

A recent well-received television adaptation was the [[Emmy Award]]-winning [[miniseries]] ''[[Arabian Nights (TV miniseries)|Arabian Nights]]'', directed by [[Steve Barron]] and starring [[Mili Avital]] as Scheherazade and [[Dougray Scott]] as Shahryar. It was originally shown over two nights on April 30, and May 1, 2000, on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] in the United States and [[BBC One]] in the United Kingdom.

In 2001, the ''[[Radio Tales]]'' series produced a trilogy of dramas adapted from the Arabian Nights, including the stories of Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sindbad.

Other versions of ''The Nights'' include the 1974 Italian movie ''[[Il fiore delle mille e una notte]]'' by [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]] and the 1990 French movie ''Les 1001 nuits'', in which [[Catherine Zeta-Jones]] made her debut playing Scheherazade.

There are numerous [[Bollywood]] movies inspired by the book, including ''Aladdin and Sinbad''. In this version the two heroes meet and share in each other's adventures; the djinn of the lamp is female, and Aladdin marries her rather than the princess. Other [[India]]n films inspired by the book, include ''[[Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum]]'' (1979; [[Malayalam]]), ''[[Allaudinaum Arputha Vilakkum]]'' (1979; [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) and ''[[Daya (film)|Daya]]'' (1998; Malayalam).

The Turkish television series ''[[Binbir Gece]]'' (Thousand and one nights) is a modern re-telling of the book. It is about an architect named Şehrazat (Scheherazade) who spends a night with her boss for a money to pay for her son's expensive surgery.

In 2009, the [[BBC Radio 7]] science fiction series ''[[Planet B]]'' featured an episode set in a [[virtual world]] which had merged ''The Nights'' with a [[Wargame (video games)|wargame]].

[[Alif Laila]] is an Indian TV series based on the stories from ''The Arabian Nights''. It was produced by [[Sagar Films (Pvt. Ltd.)]] and aired on [[DD National]].

In the episode "Stan of Arabia (Part II)" of ''American Dad!'', Roger distracts a wealthy sheik with stories from American soap operas to delay consummating their marriage.

[[Bugs Bunny]] portrayed a Scheherazade-like character in ''[[Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales]]''. Bugs must entertain Sultan [[Yosemite Sam]] and his son Prince Abba-Dabba with story after story or else be subject to beheading.

In the third-season episode "The Scheherazade Job" of the TNT series ''[[Leverage (American TV series)|Leverage]]'', Hardison (the "Hacker") has to play the violin solo in a live performance of ''[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]'' in order for the crew to successfully rob the story's villain. Ironically, the crew is so captivated by Hardison's playing of the solo in the fourth movement that they stop still during the robbery to listen. While discussing Scheherazade, Sophie says she was the first "grifter", being able to make the king fail to keep his murderous vow and then to make him fall for her.

The [[anime|Japanese animated]] film ''[[Sinbad: Sora Tobu Hime to Himitsu no Shima]]'' is inspired by ''Arabian Nights''.<ref>((cite web |url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-23/nippon-animation-makes-sinbad-adventure-film-for-july/.83609|title= Nippon Animation Makes Sinbad Adventure Film for July|date= January 23, 2015|accessdate= January 24, 2015|work= [[Anime News Network]]))</ref>

''Sherazade, the untold stories'', is a CGI cartoon TV series for children started in 2017.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2436456/|title = Sherazade: The Untold Stories (TV Series 2017) - IMDb))</ref>

In season 9, episode 8 of the Cartoon Network series ''Adventure Time'' (Elements Part 7: Hero Heart) Ice King and Betty run into Lumpy Space Princess while riding on a magic carpet. Ice King greets her by saying "Check it out, LSP! It's a real, magic, flying carpet! I feel just like Scheherazade."

In 2018, [[Audible (store)|Audible]] commissioned the retelling of the [[Scheherazade]] and [[Ali Baba]] stories in an eight-part [[radio drama]] penned by [[Marty Ross (writer)|Marty Ross]] and performed by [[Wireless Theatre Company]].

Scheherezade is portrayed by Meredith Stepien in the 2013 Starkid musical ''[[Twisted: The Untold Story of a Royal Vizier]]'' (a parody of Disney's 1992 animated feature, ''Aladdin'', with strong influences from the musical ''Wicked'').

''Arabbya Rajani'' (''Arabian Nights'') is an Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language drama television show. An adaptation of various tales from the collection, it aired on [[Colors Bangla]] in 2019.<ref>((cite web |title=Arabbya Rajani |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/arabbya-rajani/100405 |website=[[Voot]] |language=en))</ref>

==Music==

===Classical===
*In 1888, the Russian composer [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]] completed his Op. 35 ''[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]'', in four [[movement (music)|movements]], based upon four of the tales from ''The Nights'': "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship", "The Kalendar Prince", "The Young Prince and The Young Princess", and "Festival at Baghdad".
* ''[[Shéhérazade]]'' (1902) is a set of three poems for voice and orchestra by the French composer [[Maurice Ravel]].
* The final movement of [[Ferrucio Busoni]]'s [[Piano Concerto (Busoni)|Piano Concerto]] (1904) includes a setting of part of [[Adam Oehlenschläger]]'s verse drama ''Aladdin'' for [[male voice choir]].
*[[Carl Nielsen]] created his ''Aladdin Suite'' (1918–1919) from incidental music he composed for a revival of Oehlenschläger's 1805 play ''Aladdin''.
*1990 saw the premiere of ''La Noche de las Noches'', a work for string quartet and electronics by [[Ezequiel Viñao]] (based on a reading from Burton's "Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night").<ref>[http://www.tloneditions.com/Ezequiel_Vinao_La_Noche_de_las_Noches.html Ezequiel Vinao La Noche de las Noches]</ref>
* [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]'s 2014 "dramatic symphony" and concerto for violin, [[Scheherazade.2]] imagines a modern and more heroic female lead.

===Opera===
*[[François-Adrien Boieldieu]]:  ''[[Le calife de Bagdad]]'' (1800) <ref name="Iranica">[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/alf-layla-wa-layla Iranica]</ref>
*[[Carl Maria von Weber]]: ''[[Abu Hassan]]'' (1811)
*[[Luigi Cherubini]]:  ''[[Ali Baba (Cherubini)|Ali Baba]]'' (1833) <ref name="Iranica"/>
*[[Peter Cornelius]]: ''[[Der Barbier von Bagdad]]'' (1858)
*[[Ernest Reyer]]: ''[[La statue]]'' (1861)
*[[Henri Rabaud]]: ''[[Mârouf, savetier du Caire]]'' (1914)

===Popular===
((More citations needed section|date=October 2022))
*There have been several ''Arabian Nights'' [[Musical theatre|musicals]] and [[operetta]]s, either based on particular tales or drawing on the general atmosphere of the book including ''[[Chu Chin Chow]]'' (1916) and ''[[Kismet (musical)|Kismet]]'' (1953), not to mention several musicals and innumerable pantomimes on the story of "Aladdin."
*In 1975, the band [[Renaissance (band)|Renaissance]] released an album called ''[[Scheherazade and Other Stories]]''. The second half of this album consists entirely of the "Song of Scheherazade", an orchestral-rock composition based on ''The Nights''.  A live, 29-minute version of the piece, called simply "Scheherazade", was included in their 1976 release, ''[[Live at Carnegie Hall (Renaissance album)|Live at Carnegie Hall]]''.
*At some point in his career, [[Isao Tomita|Isao Tomito]] created a variation of Scheherazade using synthesizers. 
*The 1986 song "Rhymin' and Stealin'" by rap group the Beastie Boys makes reference to the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves.
*The 1991 song "Şehrezat" by famous Turkish songwriter and singer [[Barış Manço]] is strongly based on [[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)]] with an extended part of original lyrics.
*In the song "Scheherazade", on his 1988 album ''[[One More Story]]'', [[Peter Cetera]] refers to the ''One Thousand and One Nights'' tale, the song features backup-vocals by [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]].
* [[Kamelot]]'s song "Nights of Arabia" from the 1999 album ''[[The Fourth Legacy]]'' describes the story of Scheherazade.
* [[Caroline Lavelle]] included a song called "Sheherazade" on her 1995 album ''Spirit''.
*[[Sparks (band)|Sparks]] featured a song titled "Scheherazade" on their 2000 album ''[[Balls (Sparks album)|Balls]]'', from the point of view of the King.
*The song "One Thousand and One Nights" by [[J-pop]] band [[See-Saw (group)|See-Saw]], used as the opening theme song for the second part of the four-part [[OVA]] [[.hack//Liminality]] ("In the Case of Yuki Aihara"), references ''The Nights'' in both the title and the lyrics.
*In 2003, Nordic experimental [[indie pop]] group [[When (band)|When]] released an album called ''Pearl Harvest'' with lyrics from ''The Nights''.
*In 2004, psychedelic trance group 1200 Micrograms released song called "1001 Arabian Nights" on ''The Time Machine'' album.
*In 2004, the [[Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps|Santa Clara Vanguard]] performed "Scheherazade" for their [[Drum Corps International]] show.
*In 2007, Japanese pop duo [[Bennie K]] released a single titled "1001 Nights", also releasing a music video strongly based on ''The Nights''.
*In 2007, the Finnish [[Symphonic metal]] band [[Nightwish]] wrote a song "Sahara" on their album ''[[Dark Passion Play]]'' which relates to the ''1001 Nights'' stories.<ref>[http://www.nightwish.com/en/band/lyrics?id=79 Lyrics of "Sahara"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027102551/http://nightwish.com/en/band/lyrics?id=79 |date=2011-10-27 ))</ref>
*In 2008, New Age artist [[Al Conti]] released his album ''Scheherazade''.
*2008 saw the birth of Australian [[metalcore]] band, Ebony Horse, named after the tale "The Ebony Horse."
*The Dutch music group [[Ch!pz]] has also released a song called "1001 Arabian Nights" and also has a film clip to go along with it which illustrates one of the stories.
*Mexican female music group [[Flans]] released a song called "Las Mil y una Noches" (One Thousand and One Nights)
*"Scheherazade" is a song by [[Panda Bear (musician)|Panda Bear]], from the 2011 album ''[[Tomboy (album)|Tomboy]]''.
*On ''In Once Upon A Time (In Space)'', an album by The Mechanisms, there is a song "The Resistance Grows", in which Scheherazade is the Emperor's "Silver tongued propaganda minister".
*The steampunk band [[Abney Park (band)|Abney Park]] released a song titled "Scheherazade" in their 2013 album, ''The Circus At the End of the World''.
*In 2014, the Santa Clara Vanguard performed "Scheherazade" once again for their Drum Corps International show.
*In 2015, [[Jason Kouchak]] performed ''Scheherazade'' at the [[Emirates Airline Festival of Literature]].
*In 2016, the American [[alternative country]] band [[Freakwater]] released their 10th album, ''Scheherazade'', on [[Bloodshot Records]].
*In 2016, Chillwave artist [[Bei Ru]] released a song titled "Dinner With Scheherazade/Interstellar Glamour Life" on his 2016 album ''L.A. Zooo''.

==Sculpture and visual arts ==

*In Iraq, from the time the [[Hashemite]] monarchy was overthrown (in 1969), Iraqi artists searched for a visual language that would reference their deep artistic and literary heritage. A number of sculptures by sculptor [[Mohammed Ghani Hikmat]], now dotted around the city of Baghdad, were inspired by stories from ''One Thousand and One Nights.'' These include statues of ''Sinbad, the sailor'';<ref>Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' University of California Press, 1991, p. 72</ref> ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves''; ''Kahramana Fountain'' featuring Morgiana pouring hot oil on the thieves hidden in jars;<ref>Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' University of California Press, 1991, p. 74; Shabout, N., "Jewad Selim: On Abstraction and Symbolism," in ''Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Arab World,'' [http://www.encyclopedia.mathaf.org.qa/en/essays/Pages/Jewad-Selim,-On-Abstraction-and-Symbolism.aspx Online]</ref>  ''Shahriyar and Scheherazade;'' ''Flying Carpets'' and the ''Magic Lantern.'' <ref>Jaireth, S., "Baghdad will remain Baghdad: Mohammed Ghani Hikmat and his Tales of the Thousand and One Nights," ''Occasional Paper'', [https://www.academia.edu/17829444Baghdad_will_remain_Baghdad_Mohammed_Ghani_Hikmat_and_his_tales_of_the_Thousand_and_One_Nights Online:]</ref>
*[[Opa-locka]], a city located in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida]] and developed in 1926 by aviator [[Glenn Curtiss]], is conceived based on a ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'' theme. It has the largest collection of [[Moorish Revival architecture]] in the [[Western Hemisphere]],<ref name=opa>((Cite web|url=http://www.olcdc.org/histarch.htm|title=History of Opa-locka Architecture<!-- Bot generated title -->))</ref> and streets with such names as [[Sharazad]] Boulevard, [[Sinbad]] Avenue, [[Ali Baba]] Avenue and [[Open sesame|Sesame]] Street.<ref name=opa/>

=== Other ===
* The story of [[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves]], an 18th Century addition to ''The 1001 Nights'', has itself been [[Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves#In popular culture|widely adapted]].

==Games==
* The tales of Sheherazade were a major source for the creation of '''[[Al-Qadim]]''', an ''[[Arabian Nights]]''–themed [[campaign setting]] for the ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' [[role-playing game]]. The setting was developed by [[Jeff Grubb]] for [[TSR, Inc.]], and was first released in 1992. Al-Qadim is set in [[Zakhara]] (called the ''Land of Fate''), a blend of the historical Arabian Empire, the stories of legend, and a wealth of [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] cinematic history.
* The first expansion set for ''[[Magic: The Gathering]]'' was "[[Arabian Nights (Magic: The Gathering)|Arabian Nights]]", containing cards based on and inspired by ''One Thousand and One Nights''. This included a card called "Shahrazad" which required the two players to play a separate game within the current game. This was often followed by another Shahrazad being played within that subgame, resulting in "1,001 games" of Magic. It is because of this, and the time it takes, that the card is banned in all sanctioned tournament formats.<ref>((cite web|title=Sharazad Sets and Legality - Gatherer|url=http://gatherer.wizards.com/Pages/Card/Details.aspx?multiverseid=980))</ref>
* [[Jordan Mechner]] stated that ''The Nights'' was an inspiration for his popular ''[[Prince of Persia]]'' series.
* ''[[Tales of the Arabian Nights (board game)|Tales of the Arabian Nights]]'' is a paragraph-based story-telling board game first produced by West End Games in 1985. A second edition was published by Edition Erlkönig in 1999, and a third edition by Z-Man Games was reissued July 2009.
* ''[[The Magic of Scheherazade]]'', a 1989 game produced by the Japanese company [[Culture Brain]] for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]], takes its title from the female protagonist of the Arabian Nights and includes many of the typical trappings of Arabian Nights tales, but has little, if any, direct connection to the tales.
* The setting of the 1990 EGA PC adventure game ''[[Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire]]'' is based on ''The Nights''.
* In 1993 [[Krisalis]] developed an [[Amiga]] [[platform game]] called [[Arabian Nights (1993 video game)|Arabian Nights]] with the main character being [[Sinbad]] aiming to rescue the princess.
* In 2001 [[Silmarils (company)|Silmarils]] developed a [[Windows]] [[action-adventure game]] called ''[[Arabian Nights (2001 video game)|Arabian Nights]]'' where player character Ali rescues the Sultan's five daughters.
* ''One Thousand and One Nights'' is the basis for the story of the video game ''[[Sonic and the Secret Rings]]''. In the story, [[Sonic the Hedgehog (character)|Sonic the Hedgehog]] is pulled into the story by [[Shahra the Ring Genie#Shahra the Genie of the Ring|Shahra The Ring Genie]] in order to save the Arabian Nights which is being erased by the main villain [[List of Sonic the Hedgehog video game characters|Erazor Djinn]]. Other recurring Sonic characters turn up as characters from the One Thousand and One Nights, such as [[Miles "Tails" Prower|Tails]] as [[Ali Baba]], [[Knuckles the Echidna|Knuckles]] as [[Sinbad]], and [[Doctor Eggman]] as [[King Shahryār]]. “Shahra” is the Japanese nickname for [[Scheherazade]] and Shahra is most likely based on Scheherazade. At the end of the story, Shahra even used Scheherazade's regular 'that is a story for another time' line, to refer the continuing story of Sonic, Ali Baba and Sinbad.
* "Scheherazade" is the name of an unlockable bonus character in ''[[Soulcalibur IV]]''. In battle she (using the same style as Amy) wields a rapier named "Alf Layla Wa Layla", the Arabic name meaning "One Thousand and One Nights". She is the mid-boss for Ashlotte, [[Hildegard von Krone|Hilde]], [[Siegfried and Nightmare|Nightmare]], Siegfried, [[Yoda]], and [[Yoshimitsu]].
* "Scheherazade" is also in the Korean MMORPG, ''[[Atlantica Online]]'', as a side quest character near the ''[[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]]'' dungeon.
* [[Tales of the Arabian Nights (pinball)|Tales of the Arabian Nights]] is a pinball machine by [[Williams (gaming company)|Williams]].
* Scherazard Harvey of the ''[[Trails (series)|Trails]]'' series is named after Scherazard of ''One Thousand and One Nights'' and dressed in an Arabian-style outfit.
* "Scheherazade" is a program card available to the Hacker players in ''[[Android: Netrunner]]''. The art is inspired by ''One Thousand and One Nights'' and the flavour text makes reference to the number as well.
* Scheherazade is a prominent character in the [[Force of Will]] trading card game with multiple cards named after her; "Scheherazade, the Teller of 1001 Stories", "Scheherazade. the Teller of the Crimson Moon" and "Stories Told in 1001 Nights".
* Scheherazade is a playable Caster-class Servant in ''[[Fate/Grand Order]]''. Her Noble Phantasm is named ''Alf Layla Wa-Layla'', the Arabic title of ''One Thousand and One Nights''.
* Scheherazade is a playable character in ''[[Grimms Notes]]''.
* Scheherazade is a playable character in Volition's ''Agents of Mayhem''. She is a Middle-Eastern woman (the specific country is unspecified) who loves story-telling and keeps her true identity a secret (unlike the rest of the playable cast and most of the game's characters). She is trained in stealth and subterfuge, is considered a "ninja" due to favouring a scimitar over guns and other projectile weapons, and possesses an amulet that can alter or repair reality.
* Scheherazade is an obtainable 6 Star, Light-affinity character card in the mobile game ''Legendary: Game of Heroes'', depicted as an armoured Middle-Eastern woman, carrying a fauchard and riding the back of an armoured tiger. She also falls under the character classifications Warrior, Fable, and Commander.
* Scheherazade is a character in the  '''[[Poptropica]]''' island "Arabian Nights", where she is the leader of the Forty Thieves.
* ''[[Genshin Impact]]'' contains a character called Dunyarzad, named after Scheherazade's younger sister.

==References==
((Reflist))

((One Thousand and One Nights))

[[Category:Works based on One Thousand and One Nights| ]]

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