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((Short description|Stable))
((Refimprove|date=February 2015))
((worldview|date=April 2020))
[[File:Livery card LCCN2003654187.jpg|thumb|Card advertising livery stables, printer's sample, Cincinnati, 1861]]
A '''livery yard''', ''' livery stable''' or '''boarding stable''', is a [[stable]] where horse owners pay a weekly or monthly fee to keep their horses. A livery or boarding yard is not usually a [[riding school]] and the horses are not normally for hire (unless on working livery - see below).   Facilities at a livery yard normally include a [[Glossary of equestrian terms#L|loose box]] or [[stable]] and access for the horse to graze on grass.

==History of livery stables in North America==
[[Image:CascadeLivery.jpg|thumb|290px|Cascade Livery, Feed and Stable, [[Montrose, Colorado]], circa 1900]] 
Historically in North America, "livery stable" had a somewhat different meaning<!-- Different than what? -->: a stable where horses, teams and wagons were for hire, but also where privately owned horses could be boarded for a short time. Because of the temporary boarding aspect, livery stables were often attached to a hotel or boarding house.<!-- Is there an article for this? --><!--no longer, was merged because this & the photo were the only unique parts of the other one--> Located at [[Buffalo, New York]], the [[C. W. Miller Livery Stable]] is an example of a multi-story livery stable.

The livery stable was a necessary institution of every American town, but its role has been generally overlooked by historians. In addition to providing vital transportation service, the livery usually also sold hay, grain, coal, and wood. Because of the stench, noise, and vermin that surrounded the livery, cities and towns attempted to control their locations and activities. Often the scene of gambling, [[cockfighting]], and stag shows<!-- undefined term, typo maybe-->, they were condemned as sources of vice. With the advent of the automobile after 1910, the livery stables quietly disappeared.<ref>Clark C. Spence, "The Livery Stable in the American West," ''[[Montana: The Magazine of Western History]]'', June 1986, Vol. 36 Issue 2, pp 36-49.</ref>

==Types of livery==

[[File:Livery_Stable_Advertisement,_Philadelphia,_PA_1905.jpg|thumb|right|Livery stable ad, 1905]]
*'''Full livery''' - The staff undertake all care of the [[horse]] and often exercise or even compete the horse on behalf of the owner. This is normally the most expensive option.
*'''Part livery''' - The horse is normally fed, watered, and the stall or loose box is mucked out (cleaned) on behalf of the owner. It is not trained or exercised.
*'''Do it yourself''' or '''DIY livery''' - A stall in the stable and paddock or field are usually provided. The owner undertakes all care of the horse and provides all hay, feed and bedding. This is usually the least expensive option. Sometimes an amount of [[hay]] and/or [[straw]] for bedding is included in the fee. The horse owner or a paid worker will visit the yard one or more times a day to care for the horse.
*'''Grass livery''' or '''agistment''' - A form of DIY livery in which a field or paddock is provided, often with a field shelter, but without stabling.  Grass livery is often usable only during drier weather or during the grass-growing season. Horses must be stabled elsewhere in other seasons. This arrangement is similar to the owner renting a field or paddock for the horse, but fees are charged per horse rather than by the size of the field; also different owners' animals may be mixed. The horse owners are not responsible for maintenance of the fences and other facilities.
*'''Working livery''' - Working liveries are particularly common at [[riding school]]s. The horse owner may pay a discounted livery fee if the riding school is permitted to use the [[horse]] for students to ride in lessons.

==American horse boarding==
In the United States,((when|date=January 2015)) terminology is less defined and varies by region. Boarding usually falls into one of the following categories:

*'''Full board''': Generally includes all food, water, stabling, stall-cleaning, and, sometimes, daily turnout for exercise. In a few locations, particularly in the eastern US, "full board" may also encompass grooming and riding of the horse, but this is not a common practice nationally.  If a horse is groomed, ridden and taken into competition by someone other than the owner, it is usually referred to as "in training" or "at training," and the owner pays additional fees on top of full boarding costs.
*'''Part''' or '''Partial board''':  The horse is provided shelter, water, stabling, and twice daily feedings of [[hay]].  All other care, including feeding of grain, stall-cleaning, grooming and all exercise, is the responsibility of the owner.
*'''Self-board''':  Similar to "DIY livery" in the UK.  The stabling is provided, and the owner is responsible for all care. In most cases, hay and stall bedding is available for the use of the boarders. In some places, this is included in the term "partial board."
*'''Pasture board''': Essentially the same as "Grass livery" in the UK.  Often used year-round in the United States, particularly in the west. In the winter, if there is insufficient grass, some pasture board situations include hay fed to the horses; in other places, the owner must provide all supplemental feeding.

==See also==
*[[Equestrian facility]]
*[[Horse care]]
*[[Livery Stable Blues]]
*[[Parking garage]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
((commons category|Livery stables))

*Houghton-Brown, J. (2001) ''Horse Business Management: Managing a Successful Yard''. Blackwell Science.
*Macdonald, J. M. (1995) ''Running a Stables as a Business''. London: J. A. Allen.
* Spence, Clark C. "The Livery Stable in the American West," ''Montana: The Magazine of Western History,'' June 1986, Vol. 36 Issue 2, pp 36–49

==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20060427005743/http://www.horsedata.co.uk/LiveryYards.asp Directory of livery yards in the UK.
*https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004702/http://www.ukliveryyards.co.uk/guide-finding-reliable-livery-yards-horse/

[[Category:Horse management]]
[[Category:Agricultural buildings]]

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