Locomotive No 5 – Livingston, TexasThe Fain Theater In Livingston, TexasCourthouse Polk County Texas – In LivingstonThe Courthouse Whistle Stop Cafe is located across from the courthouse in downtown Livingston.Historic downtown LivingstonLivingston water towerCentral Baptist Church in Livingston
Livingston is a town in and the county seat of Polk County, Texas. With a population of 5,640 at the 2020 census, it is the largest city in Polk County.[4] It is located about 46 miles south of Lufkin and was originally settled in 1835 as Springfield. Its name was changed in 1846 to Livingston, when it was designated as the county seat of Polk County.[5]
The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation is located to the east of Livingston. This people traditionally occupied territory in what is now east Texas and Louisiana. The 2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons within the reservation. The tribe has nearly 1200 enrolled members.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.4 square miles (22 km2), of which, 8.4 sq mi (22 km2) are land and 0.12% is covered by water. However, the town of Livingston is about 10 mi (16 km) east of Lake Livingston, which is the largest drinking-water reservoir in Texas.
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,640 people, 1,951 households, and 1,268 families residing in the town.
The population in the 2010 census was 5,335, and was estimated to be 5,128 in 2018.[11]
As of the census[2] of 2000, the population density was 649.9 inhabitants per square mile (250.9/km2). The 2,358 housing units averaged 282.1 per square mile (108.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 70.38% White, 18.50% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 8.08% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. About 13.90% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
Of the 2,048 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were married couples living together, 16.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were not families. About 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.13.
In the town, the population was distributed as 27.7% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 19.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,424, and for a family was $37,868. Males had a median income of $30,318 versus $21,774 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,214. About 18.2% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.7% of those under age 18 and 17.4% of those age 65 or over.
A few miles outside of Livingston is the IAH Polk County Secure Adult Detention Center, which houses around 700 immigrant men daily who have been detained by federal agents of Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Run by the private-prison company Community Education Centers, the facility has frequently been criticized for its subpar treatment of migrants. It is ranked as one of the 10 worst detention centers in the nation, which are the subject of a nationwide campaign by activists to close them.[18]
Local government
Livingston has a manager-council system of government.[19] It elects a mayor at-large, and has a city council made up of members elected from single-member districts. The city council hires a professional city manager to handle operations. The current mayor is Judy Cochran.[20]
Economy
The major employers in Livingston are lumber operations and the Polunsky Unit state prison in West Livingston.[21]
Livingston is the headquarters to two regional bank systems, the First National Bank and the First State Bank.
First State Bank has its main office in downtown Livingston and branches in Livingston (west side of town on Highway 190), Onalaska, and Shepherd.
First National Bank has its main office on Highway 190 and branches in downtown Livingston and Onalaska.
Transportation
The city's airport, Livingston Municipal Airport (LMA) is located to the southwest of the city. It is classified as a general-aviation facility serving private aircraft.
The Texas Legislature designated Polk County as within the boundary of Angelina College's district.[22] Polk County Community College opened in the fall of 2014. The college offers various classes and two-year associate degrees.[23]
Recreation
Camp Cho Yeh -- Livingston, Texas
Lake Evelyn is within the borders of Camp Cho-Yeh, which began operation in the 1940s; it continues to operate as a summer camp and retreat center. Cho-Yeh means 'land of tall pines', and was so named because of the large pine trees on the property. Cho-Yeh is also used by Texas A&M Galveston for their yearly Fish Camp to introduce TAMUG students to the traditions of the university system.[24][citation needed]
Notable people
Laci Kaye Booth, American Idol contestant 2019, top-five finalist
Paul Carr, NFL and University of Houston football player; he worked and lived in Livingston as the elementary school physical-education coach[25]
^Rainwater, Mary. "Death row inmate: No justice by execution," Rapid City Journal. May 5, 2010. Retrieved on May 9, 2010. "are heavy on the mind of 41-year-old former South Dakota resident Kevin Scott Varga, who sits on death row in the Polunsky Unit in Livingston, Texas."
^Russell, Major Samuel L., "Selfless Service: The Cavalry Career of Brigadier General Samuel M. Whitside from 1858 to 1902." MMAS Thesis, Fort Leavenworth: U.S. Command and General Staff College, 2002.
^Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[9][10]
United States
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