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((Use mdy dates|date=August 2023))
((Infobox NRHP
| name                 = Washington County "Island" Effigy Mound District
| nrhp_type            = hd
| nocat                = yes
| image                = Mound in Lizard Mound County Park.jpg
| caption              = A mound in the park
| nearest_city         = [[Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin]]
| locmapin             = Wisconsin#USA
| coordinates          = ((coord|43|27|48|N|88|08|21|W|display=inline, title))
| architect OR builder =
| architecture         =
| added                = April 25, 1996
| area                 = ((convert|22|acre))
| refnum               = 96000417<ref name="nris">((NRISref|version=2010a))</ref>
))
[[File:Lizard Mound.jpg|thumb|The Lizard Mound (center), from which this park gets its name.]]
'''Lizard Mound State Park''' is a [[state park]] in the [[Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin|Town of Farmington]], [[Washington County, Wisconsin|Washington County]], [[Wisconsin]] near the city of [[West Bend, Wisconsin|West Bend]]. The park contains a significant well-preserved [[effigy mound]] group, representing one of the largest and best-preserved collections of such mounds in the state.  Mounds in the park are the subject of at least two different listings on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], one encompassing the park as a whole, and another which includes a larger set of regional mounds. Established in 1950, the park was acquired by Washington County from the state of Wisconsin in 1986,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.co.washington.wi.us/uploads/docs/the-history-of-lizard-mound-county-park.pdf|title=The History of Lizard Mound County Park|publisher=Washington County ))</ref> and was returned to the state in 2021.<ref>((cite news |last1=Lewis |first1=Chelsey |title=Lizard Mound in Washington County will become Wisconsin's newest state park |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/travel/wisconsin/outdoors/2022/04/14/lizard-mound-state-park-washington-county-wisconsin-effigy-mounds/7232102001/ |access-date=April 16, 2022 |work=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] |date=April 14, 2022))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Lizard Mound State Park |url=https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/lizardmound |publisher=Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |access-date=August 11, 2022))</ref>  It is now managed by the [[Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]].

==Information==
'''Lizard Mound''' State Park is located in the [[Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin|Town of Farmington]], north of [[West Bend, Wisconsin]] on County Trunk "A", one mile east of State Highway 144. Established in 1950, the park was acquired by Washington County from the State of Wisconsin in 1986. The park contains 28 effigy mounds in an excellent state of preservation, reputedly one of the best [[effigy mound]] groups remaining in [[Wisconsin]].<ref>((cite news|last1=Anderson|first1=Donald N.|title=Lizard Mound State Park|url=((NRHP url|id=70000038))|accessdate=2016-12-18|work=[[NRHP]] Inventory-Nomination Form|publisher=National Park Service|date=1970-03-25))</ref> A self-guided anthropological [[nature trail]] winds around the park. Trail markers reveal information about the extinct culture that built the mounds. An unusually beautiful group of mounds, each is of prominent height and careful [[construction]]. Most of the mounds rise more than three feet above the ground surface.<ref name="Lickel">((cite web|last1=Lickel|first1=Lisa|title=Lizard Mound County Park|url=http://town.farmington.wi.us/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Lizard-Mound-County-Park.pdf|accessdate=2016-12-18))</ref> The variety of mound shapes found in the park is considered unusual. Two are large bird effigy mounds and seven are long-tailed animal forms. These long-tailed effigies are usually referred to as "panther" effigies. One of the 28 mounds is named "Lizard Mound". This mound might have been intended to represent the same animal, whether a panther or something else, but in a spread eagle posture that shows all four limbs.<ref>((cite book|last=Snow|first=Dean R.|title=Archaeology of Native North America|year=2010|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-13-615686-4))</ref>

==History==
((unreferenced section|date=September 2023))
The [[Mound builder (people)|Mound Builders]] lived in [[Wisconsin]] and bordering states between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1000. They survived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants. They moved from place to place often. In the summer they could be found closer to rivers and lakes, while in the winter they moved into sheltered upland valleys. They built burial and [[effigy mounds]] shaped like [[mammal]]s, [[reptile]]s, [[bird]]s and other creatures, both real and [[myth]]ical. They also constructed [[cone (geometry)|conical]], [[oval]] and linear mounds. The effigy mound builders usually buried their dead in small pits or laid them on carefully prepared surfaces. The mounds were then built over them like grave markers. The custom of building effigy burial mounds died out about 1000 years ago; it was a custom unique to the general area. Little else is known about the Mound Builders. Even Indians who lived in Wisconsin when the first [[white people|white men]] arrived didn't know why, or by whom, the mounds had been built.

The earliest data concerning the mounds in the area of Lizard Mound State Park was in the form of a sketch [[map]] resulting from field investigations made by Professor Julius L. Torney of [[Milwaukee]] in 1883. In his sketch of the mound group, Torney illustrated a total of 47 Indian mounds. He also indicated that a number of the [[earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] had been destroyed prior to the time that he drew his map. The original group probably consisted of at least 60 mounds, including many of the well known effigy shapes.

[[Archeology|Archeological]] explorations conducted in 1960 revealed that the dead were placed in pits, with the effigy mounds built over the pits. [[Artifact (archaeology)|Artifact]]s such as [[clay]] pots, [[projectile point]]s, pipes, [[bone]] [[harpoon]]s and [[bead]]s were sometimes placed with the dead. It has been speculated that the shapes of the mounds had a religious or [[clan]] significance, but no one knows for sure.

Excavations of Effigy Mound Builders' village sites indicated they lived in small [[nomad]]ic groups, hunted, fished, gathered fruits and nuts, fashioned [[tool]]s of [[rock (geology)|stone]], wood, bone and [[copper]], made [[pottery]] and may have been the first people in Wisconsin to use the [[bow (weapon)|bow]] and [[arrow]].

No other group of mounds in Wisconsin is so well preserved, so diverse in form, or exhibits such outstanding examples of the [[prehistoric]] art of mound construction.((Citation needed|date=July 2009))

==See also==
*[[File:Mishibijiw Mounds.jpg|thumb|Two [[Underwater panther|Mishibijiw]] mounds (top); an Ojibwe word for ''underwater panther''.]][[List of burial mounds in the United States]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

((Clear))
((NRHP in Washington County, Wisconsin))
((National Register of Historic Places))
((Protected areas of Wisconsin))
((Pre-Columbian North America))

((DEFAULTSORT:Lizard Mound))
[[Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Mounds in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Native American history of Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Washington County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:State parks of Wisconsin]]

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