Lomelosia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Subfamily: Dipsacoideae
Genus: Lomelosia
Raf.
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Callistemma (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 146 (1875)
  • Scabiosiopsis Rech.f., Willdenowia 19: 153 (1989)
  • Tereiphas Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1838)
  • Tremastelma Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 96 (1838)
  • Zygostemma Tiegh., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 10: 164 (1909)

Lomelosia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae and the subfamily of Dipsacoideae. The genus includes over 50-63 perennial and annual species, diffused around the Mediterranean Sea, with the greatest diversity of species concentrated in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, and also has a few species reaching as far east as China.


The native range of this genus is Medit. to Xinjiang and Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula.[1]

Taxonomy

Lomelosia was first published and described by french botanist Rafinesque in Flora Telluriana Vol.4 on page 95 in 1838.[1]

(need to put paragraph of division between Scabiosa noting which species changed)

For very many years Lomelosia caucasica was known as Scabiosa caucasica M. Bieb. as well as several other species of Scabiosa. Following a comprehensive study of the family Dipsacaceae (Verlaque 1983),[2] and by Devesa (1984).[3]

The Scabioseae subfamily were then split into several genera, including S. caucasica placed in Lomelosia Raf. (Greuter 1985).[4]

Soják in 1987, also transferred several species of Scabiosa taxa found in Asia, to Lomelosia. Including Lomelosia flavida (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Soják, Lomelosia gumbetica (Boiss.) Soják, Lomelosia isetensis (L.) Soják, Lomelosia leucactis (Patzak) Soják, Lomelosia macrochaete (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Soják, Lomelosia olgae (Albov) Soják, Lomelosia rhodantha (Kar. & Kir.) Soják, Lomelosia speciosa (Royle) Soják,, Lomelosia songarica (Schrenk) Soják and Lomelosia ucranica (L.) Soják.[5]

There are 22 species of Scabiosa recorded in the Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1989) that species were later divided into two subgenera (Scabiosa and Asterocephalus) and three sections including Scabiosa, Asterocephalus and Olivierianae. Greuter and Raus in 1985,[4] divided Iranian species of Scabiosa into two genera as Lomelosia (= Scabiosa sect. Astrocephalus and sect. Olivierinae) and Scabiosa s. str. (Scabiosa s. l sect. scaboisa).[6]

Further carpological (seed studies) and palynological studies (Mayer & Ehrendorf er 1999),[7] have confirmed this view, which has been further substantiated by later data from molecular phylogenetics (Caputo & al. 2004;[8]/ Avino & al. 2009).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).




Lomelosia is an Old World genus with ca. 50 species. It is distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia.[9] It was included in Scabiosa L. for quite a long time (e.g. Jasiewicz 1976) but molecular data demonstrated that Lomelosia (and Pycnocomon) form a clade distinct from Scabiosa (and Sixalix) (De Castro & Caputo 1997-1998, Caputo & al. 2004,[8] Avino & al. 2009,Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Carlson & al. 2009). The genus accommodates all scabious taxa with a pitted epicalyx.[9]

Several species of Lomelosia are grown as ornamentals in Europe. Jäger & al. (2008; sub Scabiosa) cites L. caucasica (M. Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet, L. graminifolia (L.) Greuter & Burdet, L. prolifera (L.) Greuter & Burdet and 'L. stellata (L.) Raf. Matthews (2000; also sub Scabiosa) even cites 12 additional species that are cultivated in European gardens. One of these, L. stellata, has been recorded as a casual escape in Belgium.[9]

A phylogenetic study of Dipsacaceae, a Mediterranean-centered clade in the Dipsacales, was conducted using nuclear ITS and three chloroplast markers (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF, trnSUGA-trnGGCC). This is the first molecular study to assess Dipsacaceae phylogeny in detail, and includes representatives from all major subclades. Lomelosia is the largest and most diverse clade in Scabioseae s.str. (ca. 50 species) and has the highest proportion of annuals in Dipsacaceae. Previous researchers (Ehrendorfer, 1965a; Verlaque, 1986b) considered the annual species to be derived within Lomelosia and hypothesized that this was responsible for the successful colonization of the (mostly) Eastern Mediterranean by this group. The annual Lomelosia brachiata is resolved as sister to the rest of Lomelosia + Pycnocomon in our study. [10]


The Dipsacoideae subfamily is divided into 2 genetic DNA clades; Knautia–Cephalaria–Dipsacus–Succisella clade and the Scabiosa–Pterocephalus–Lomelosia clade.[11]


The genus Lomelosia Rafinesque (1836: 95) belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacales) and includes over 50 perennial and annual species diffused around the Mediterranean Sea, with the greatest diversity concentrated in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, and outliers reaching China and Japan. Lomelosia can be distinguished from the other related genera by the presence of eight pits on the epicalyx tube (De Castro & Caputo 2001). [12]


In 2011, 4 more species from the Scabiosa genus with a pitted epicalyx transferred to Lomelosia, Lomelosia deserticola (Rech. f.) P. Caputo & Del Guacchio, Lomelosia poecilocarpa (Rech. f.) P. Caputo & Del Guacchio, Lomelosia schimperiana (Boiss. & Buhse) P. Caputo & Del Guacchio, and Lomelosia transcaspica (Rech. f.) P. Caputo & Del Guacchio.[13]

Powo References

Avino M., Tortoriello G. & Caputo P. (2009) A phylogenetic analysis of Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) based on four DNA regions. Pl. Syst. Evol. 279: 69-86. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225541278_A_phylogenetic_analys... Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Caputo P., Cozzolino S. & Moretti A. (2004) Molecular phylogenetics of Dipsacaceae reveals parallel trends in seed dispersal syndromes. Plant Syst. Evol. 246: 163-175. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225419341_Molecular_phylogeneti [8]

Caputo P. & Del Guacho E. (2011) Transfer of Four Species of Scabiosa to Lomelosia (Dipsacaceae). Novon 21(4): 402-404.[13]

Carlson S.E., Mayer V. & Donoghue M.J. (2009) Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and morphological evolution in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) inferred by DNA sequence data. Taxon 58(4): 1075-1091. [available online at: http://donoghuelab.yale.edu/sites/alienplantsbelgium.bedefault/files/184...

De Castro O. & Caputo P. (1997-1998) A molecular reappraisal of Scabiosa L. and allied genera (Dipsacaceae). Delpinoa 39-40: 99-108. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235613878_A_molecular_reapprais...

De Castro O. & Caputo P. 1999 [2001] A phylogenetic analysis of genus Lomelosia Rafin. (Dipsacaceae) and allied taxa. Delpinoa 41: 29-45. [available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235613936_A_phylogenetic_analys...

Jäger E.J., Ebel F., Hanelt P. & Müller G. (eds.) (2008) Rothmaler Band 5. Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 880 p.

Jasiewicz A. (1976) Scabiosa. In: Tutin T.G. & al. (eds.), Flora Europaea, vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 68-74.

Matthews V.A. (2000) Scabiosa. In: Cullen J. & al. (eds.), The European Garden Flora, vol. 6. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 460-465.


Description

Species

63 Accepted species by Plants of the World Online (as of October 2023);[1]

GRIN (United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service) only accepts 12 species;[14] Lomelosia argentea, Lomelosia calocephala, Lomelosia caucasica, Lomelosia cretica, Lomelosia divaricata, Lomelosia graminifolia, Lomelosia micrantha, Lomelosia minoana, Lomelosia palaestina, Lomelosia prolifera, Lomelosia speciosa and Lomelosia stellata

Distribution

Lomelosia species are native to

It is distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia.[9]

It is found in the European countries (and regions) of Albania, the Balearic Islands, Bulgaria, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, France, Greece, Italy,[15] Crete,[16] Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. In Russia, (Altai (region), Crimea, East European Russia, South European Russia and West Siberia. In Northern Africa within Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Morocco. In the Middle East within Afghanistan, Iran,[12] Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia,[17] and Turkey. In central Asia within Kazakhstan, Kirghistan, North Caucasus, Tajikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and West Himalaya. Also in eastern Asia in Xinjiang (China).[1]

Habitat

For example Lomelosia cyprica is found on dry slopes in garigue (low scrubland) and open pine forests at altitudes of 150 and 1,200 m (490 and 3,940 ft) above sea level.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Lomelosia Raf. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  2. ^ Verlaque, R. (1983). Etude biogéographique et phylogénétique des Dipsacaceae 2. - Thèse. Université de Province (St Charles): Academie Aix-Marseilles I,.((cite book)): CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  3. ^ Devesa, J A. (1984). "Revision of the genus Scabiosa in Spain and Balearic Islands". Lagascalia. 12: 143-212.
  4. ^ a b Greuter, W. (1985). Greuter, W.; Raus, Th. (eds.). "Dipsacaceae". Willdenowia. Med-Checklist Notulae, 11. 15: 61–84.
  5. ^ Soják, Sborn. Nár. Mus. v Praze, Řada B, Přír. Vĕdy 43 (1): 58 (1987)
  6. ^ Ebadi, Mostafa; Siahkolaee, Sedigheh Nikzat (December 2016). "Palynological study of some Iranian species of Scabiosa L. (Caprifoliaceae)". Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 23 (2): 215. doi:10.3329/bjpt.v23i2.30855.
  7. ^ Mayer, V.; Ehrendorfer, F. (1999). "Fruit differentiation, palynology, and systematics in the Scabiosa group of genera and Pseudoscabiosa (Dipsacaceae)". Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 135–166.
  8. ^ a b c Caputo, P.; Cozzolino, S.; Moretti, A. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetics of Dipsacaceae reveals [sic] parallel trends in seed dispersal syndromes". Pl. Syst. Evol. 246: 163–175.
  9. ^ a b c d "Lomelosia | Manual of the Alien Plants of Belgium". alienplantsbelgium.myspecies.info. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  10. ^ Carlson, Sara E.; Mayer, Veronika; Donoghue, Michael J. (November 2009). "Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and morphological evolution in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) inferred by DNA sequence data". Taxon. 58 (4): 1075–1091.
  11. ^ Temsch, Eva M.; Greilhuber, Johann (2010). "Genome size in Dipsacaceae and Morina longifolia (Morinaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 289: 45–56.
  12. ^ a b Ranjbar, M.; Ranjbar, Z. (2018). "A contribution to the genus Lomelosia (Caprifoliaceae: Dipsacoideae) in Iran". Phytotaxa. 385 (1): 48–50. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.385.1.7.
  13. ^ a b c d e f Caputo, P.; Del Guacchio, Emanuele (December 2011). "Transfer of Four Species of Scabiosa to Lomelosia (Dipsacaceae)". Novon A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. 21 (4): 402–404. doi:10.2307/23259335.
  14. ^ "Lomelosia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  15. ^ Fabio Conti and Fabrizio Bartolucci The Vascular Flora of the National Park of Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise ... (2015), p. 63, at Google Books
  16. ^ John Fielding Flowers of Crete (2005), p. 199, at Google Books
  17. ^ "Flora of Saudi Arabia- checklist". plantdiversityofsaudiarabia.info. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  18. ^ Alan Crivellaro and Fritz Hans Schweingruber Atlas of Wood, Bark and Pith Anatomy of Eastern Mediterranean Trees and ...(2013), p. 258, at Google Books

Other sources

Category:Caprifoliaceae Category:Caprifoliaceae genera Category:Plants described in 1838 ;Category:Flora of Southwestern Europe ;Category:Flora of Southeastern Europe ;Category:Flora of the Crimean Peninsula ;Category:Flora of Ukraine ;Category:Flora of North Africa ;Category:Flora of Altai (region) ;Category:Flora of West Siberia ;Category:Flora of Central Asia ;Category:Flora of the Caucasus ;Category:Flora of Western Asia ;Category:Flora of Xinjiang

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