Loufan
娄烦县
County
Location in Taiyuan
Location in Taiyuan
Loufan is located in Shanxi
Loufan
Loufan
Location of the seat in Shanxi
Coordinates: 38°04′07″N 111°47′51″E / 38.06861°N 111.79750°E / 38.06861; 111.79750
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShanxi
Prefecture-level cityTaiyuan
Population
 (2020[1])
91,208
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Loufan County
Traditional Chinese婁煩縣
Simplified Chinese娄烦县

Loufan County is a county of Shanxi Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Taiyuan, the capital of the province. It is the westernmost county-level division of Taiyuan.

Name

Loufan is named for the Loufan Kingdom (婁煩 Lóufán < Eastern Han Chinese *l(i)o-buɑn < Old Chinese *ro-ban 620 BCE ?, ca.; 307 BCE)[2] in ancient China during the Warring States period, which was conquered by the state of Zhao in two campaigns in 306 and 304 BC after the adoption of nomad (Hu) weapons and customs by the King Wuling of Zhao.[3] During Emperor Gaozu of Han's time, Loufan were associated with the Xiongnu.[4]

History

Loufan County formed part of Yanmen Commandery under the Qin and Han. Its former seat is now located in Ningwu County[5] in Xinzhou Prefecture.

Climate

Climate data for Loufan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.6
(52.9) 		21.1
(70.0) 		25.9
(78.6) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.7
(94.5) 		38.9
(102.0) 		37.1
(98.8) 		35.3
(95.5) 		34.8
(94.6) 		27.9
(82.2) 		22.0
(71.6) 		14.9
(58.8) 		38.9
(102.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		5.1
(41.2) 		11.2
(52.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		29.0
(84.2) 		26.9
(80.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		8.8
(47.8) 		2.2
(36.0) 		16.2
(61.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.6
(18.3) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		3.1
(37.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		16.5
(61.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		15.1
(59.2) 		8.4
(47.1) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −14.0
(6.8) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		2.7
(36.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−11.7
(10.9) 		1.9
(35.4)
Record low °C (°F) −24.8
(−12.6) 		−22.0
(−7.6) 		−16.6
(2.1) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.6
(38.5) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.5
(43.7) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−26.8
(−16.2) 		−26.8
(−16.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.6
(0.06) 		4.0
(0.16) 		8.8
(0.35) 		22.9
(0.90) 		33.0
(1.30) 		56.3
(2.22) 		103.9
(4.09) 		103.0
(4.06) 		58.8
(2.31) 		27.1
(1.07) 		9.9
(0.39) 		1.6
(0.06) 		430.9
(16.97)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.9 2.6 3.7 5.4 6.7 10.2 13.6 11.9 9.3 6.4 3.8 1.4 76.9
Average snowy days 2.7 4.3 3.7 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 3.1 2.7 17.9
Average relative humidity (%) 51 48 44 43 45 55 68 73 71 63 58 52 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours 195.7 190.7 222.4 234.8 260.1 245.9 222.9 206.7 186.9 204.8 192.2 193.6 2,556.7
Percent possible sunshine 64 62 60 59 59 56 50 50 51 60 64 66 58
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Shānxī: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ^ Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words". Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica (53). p. 266
  3. ^ Sima Qian, Shiji, Genealogies of Zhao: "King Wuling"
  4. ^ Shiji, "Stories about Liu Jing and Shusun Tong"; text: "劉敬從匈奴來，因言「匈奴河南白羊、樓煩王，去長安近者七百里..."; translation: "Liu Jing, having come [back] from the Xiongnu, consequently said: 'The kings of the White Sheep and Loufan Xiongnu, south of the Yellow River, are nearby, [just] 700 li from Chang'an..."
  5. ^ Xiong (2009), s.v. "Huiyuan".
  6. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.

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